SNU5242 ,uz;lhk; mku;T: cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU

,uz;lhk; mku;T
cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU

cs;slf;fk;
mwpKfk;
cs;slf;f fy;tpapd; tuyhW
cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU
cs;slf;f fy;tp Nfhl;ghL
cs;slf;f fy;tpapd; gad;fs;

mwpKfk;
cs;slf;ff; fy;tpahdJ rfy gps;isfspdJk; fw;wy; Njitg;ghLfis
giwrhw;wpl vj;jzpf;fpd;w mNjNtisapy;> gytPdkhf
Kd;dpiyg;gLj;JtjpypUe;Jk; jtpu;j;jy;> jdpg;gLj;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F
cl;gLj;jg;gLgtu;fs; njhlu;gpy; tpNrl ftdnkLj;jiy Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ.
cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapDhlhf ghlrhiyahdJ rfy khztu;fisAk;
Mrpupau;fisAk;> MHtKs;stu;fisAk; cs;slf;FtNjhL xj;Jiog;G
toq;Fk; ,lkhf;Ffpd;wJ. ,J gy;tifg;gLj;jYf;F ftdQ;nrYj;jYk;
mNjNtis mq;fPfupg;gpd; %yk; r%f me;j];j;jpidAk; fl;bnaOg;Gfpd;wJ.
mj;Jld;; ghJfhtyu;fs;> Mrpupau;fs; kw;Wk; khztu;fSf;fpilapy;
kupahijf;Fupa cwTfis fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F Xu; mbg;gilia
Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,J muR kw;Wk; r%f $l;LwTfspd; %yk;
tYg;gLj;jgl;Ls;sjhfTk;> ehk; tpUk;Gfpd;w> tho;fpd;w r%fj;jpid
Neu;g;gLj;JtjhfTk; mikfpd;wJ. cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapd; %yhjhukhf
rfyUf;Fkhd fy;tp mbg;gil cupikahf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1994k; Mz;L
];ngapdpd; rykd;fh efupy; eilngw;w tpNrl Njit fy;tpf;fhd ru;;tNjr
kfhehl;by; cs;thq;fg;gl;l Nfhl;ghl;bid cs;slf;ff; fy;tp
nfhz;Ls;sNjhL cyf fy;tp nghJ kd;wpYk; kPSWjpgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
rfy gps;isfisAk; ghlrhiyf;F cs;thq;fpLfpd;w rthyhdJ gy
ehLfspd; murpay; nraw;wpl;lq;fspYk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sNjhL ,g;nghJkd;wpy;
mbg;gilf; fy;tp nrayhf;fj; jpl;lj;jpYk; Rl;bf;fhl;g;gl;Ls;sNjhL
rfyUf;Fkhd fy;tpapid mile;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd Kidg;GfSk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;;gl;Ls;sd. ,r;nraw;ghlhdJ gue;jstpy; gps;isfspd; fy;tpapy;
Nehf;fk; nrYj;jpl cjtpapUg;gNjhL ahu; ghlrhiyapy;
,y;yhjpUf;fpd;whu;fNsh my;yJ fy;tp Kiwikahy;

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Copyright © 2010, The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL)
 SNU5242 ,uz;lhk; mku;T: cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU

gpd;js;sg;l;Ls;shu;fNsh mtu;fisAk; cs;thq;fpLtjpy; ftdQ;nrYj;jTk;

cjtpAs;sJ vdyhk;. ,t;tpjhdj;jpy; ePq;fs; cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapd; tuyhW
> Nfhl;ghLfs; fUJNfhs;fs; NkYk; gad;fs; vd;gtw;wpid fw;Wf;
nfhs;tPu;fs;.
rfyUf;Fk; fy;tp vd;wnjhU rHtNjr nfhs;ifahdJ ghlrhiyf;
fy;tpapid rfyUf;Fk; toq;fpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w Kidg;Gilajhff;
fhzg;gLtjpypUe;J cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapd; cs;slf;fq;fis tpsq;fpf;
nfhs;sf; $bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. vt;thnwdpDk; cs;slf;ff; fy;tpahdJ
eilKiwahf;fj;jpy; rpf;fy; tha;e;j xd;whfTk; vjpu;thjf;
Nfhl;ghLilajhfTk; mjd; eilKiwahf;fy; tpQ;Qhgdq;fspy; gy;tifj;
jd;ikAila NtWghL nfhz;like;jjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. cs;slf;ff;
fy;tpapd; ntw;wpfukhd eilKiwg;gLj;jyhdJ xt;nthU ehl;bdJk;
nfhs;if nghWg;GzHjypd; Njitg;ghl;bid vjpHghHj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. NkYk;
mjd; fUJNfhs; xOq;Fk; jj;JtKk; Nfhl;ghLfSk; nfhs;if
tFg;ghsHfsplKk;> fy;tpapayhsu;fsplKk;> jPu;khdnkLg;gtHfsplKk;
eilKiwr; nraw;wpl;lq;fs; ,Ug;gNj ,jd; ntw;wpfukhd nraw;wpwd; kpf;f
eilKiwg;gLj;jYf;F mj;jpahtrpakhfpd;wJ. cs;slf;ff; fy;tpahdJ
mjpf gy;gupkhzq;fisf; nfhz;ljhfTk; ghupa rthy;fis vjpu;Nehf;Fk;
nra;Kiwahf;fKilaJk;> epWtdq;fSf;fpilNaahd epiykl;lq;fspy;
cwTfis ntspg;gilahf;FtJld; mjdJ mf Gw khdpl ,ilj;njhlu;Gk;
kw;Wk; khw;wq;fSldhd cs;slf;fq;fisAk; vLj;jpak;GtjhfTs;sJ. ,J
xU njhlu;GUj;jy; nrad;KiwahFk;. vkJ mDgtq;fs; ahTk;
ntt;Ntwhditay;y vy;yhNk xd;Wlndhd;W njhlu;Gilait vd;w
fUJNfhis milahsk; fhl;LtjhfTs;sJ.

nraw;ghL 01
fle;j gjpide;J tUlq;fspy; ru;tNjr uPjpahf cs;slf;ff; fy;tpf;F
Kd;Dupik toq;fp mjd; NkYau;tpw;F fhuzkhf mike;j gpd;tUk;
ru;tNjr xg;ge;jq;fis kPsha;T nra;tJld; xt;nthU gj;jpuj;jpYk;
fhzg;gLfpd;w gpujhd cs;slf;ff; fy;tpia Kd;Dupikg;gLj;Jk;
fUj;Jfis gl;baypLf

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapd; tuyhW

,g;gFjpahdJ ru;tNjr uPjpahf cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapid
Kd;Dupikg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf fle;j gjpide;J tUlq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
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Copyright © 2010, The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL)
SNU5242 ,uz;lhk; mku;T: cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU

ru;tNjr Xg;ge;jq;fis kPsha;T nra;fpd;wJ. mNj Ntis 1989k;

Mz;by;jhd; cs;slf;ff; fy;tp Muk;gkhdnjd;W mu;j;jkhfhJ. Mdhy;
rfy gps;isfSf;Fkhd fy;tpAupikahdJ kpfTk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
tha;e;jnjhU ru;tNjr tplakhfp cs;sjid ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

• If;fpa ehLfs; jhgdj;jpd; gps;isapDila cupikfs; kPjhd

kPs;$ly; 1989

Vw;ghL 2 :- Ngjg;gLj;jhik
Ngjg;gLj;jhikapy; ftdk; nrYj;JtjD}lhf cs;slf;ff;
fy;tpapid ajhu;j;jkhf;Ftjpy; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdNjhu; Vw;ghlhf
,t;Ntw;ghL fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;Ntw;ghlhdJ rfytw;wpidAk;
rkkhf nraw;gLj;Jtjid kpfj; njspthff; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJld;
tpyf;fspg;Gfs; ,y;yhky; ,dk;> epwk;> ghy;> FiwghL> gpwg;G my;yJ
NtW jFjpfspdhy; Ngjg;gLj;jg;gLtjid jLf;fpd;wJ.

Vw;ghL 28k; 29k; :- jukhd fy;tpapidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd

tha;g;G
,t;Ntw;ghLfshdit rfy gps;isfSf;Fk; fy;tp cupikahdJ
vd;gjid kPSWjp nra;fpd;wJ. FiwghLilatu;fs;>
FiwghLfhuzkhf kupahijf; Fiwthf elj;jg;gLgtu;fSf;Fk;
NtWghlw;w tpjj;jpy; rkkhd tha;gpid toq;Ftij mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Vw;ghL 23 :- FiwghLila Foe;ijfspd; cupik

,t;Ntw;ghlhdJ FiwghLila gps;isfis jdpg;gl;l uPjpapy; tpNrl
ftdQ;nrYj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; mtu;fSf;nfd tpNrlkhd fy;tp
KiwfisAk; nfhz;bUf;fNtz;Lk; vdg;gupe;Jiu nra;fpd;wJ.
vy;yhf; gps;isfSf;Fk; jukhd fy;tp mtu;fsJ cupik vd;gjid
1990-2000 f;F ,ilg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; ,lk;ngw;w %d;W ru;tNjr
kfhehLfSk; mjd; jPu;khdq;fSk; kPSWjp nra;jpUf;fpd;wd.

rfyUf;Fk; fy;tp (EFA) Jomtien, 1990

EFA MdJ 1990k; Mz;by; jha;yhe;jpd; Jomtien efupy; ,lk; ngw;w

ru;tNjr kfhehl;by; “ rfyUf;Fk; fy;tp” vd;w njhdpg;nghUspy;

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SNU5242 ,uz;lhk; mku;T: cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU

cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,r;ru;tNjr kfhehlhdJ fy;tp tha;g;Gf;fs;

tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;ljhfTk;> mbg;gilf; fy;tpahdJ ,yf;fpaj;Jf;fk;
vz;zpaYlDk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;> Fwpj;j rpy FOtpdu; ,ize;j
fy;tpapypUe;J ntspj;js;sg;gl;Ls;sdu; vd;git Nghd;w KbTfSf;F
te;Js;sJ. mj;Jld; 2000k; Mz;by; EFA tpid mile;J nfhs;tjw;F
xU J}uNehf;F (Vision) mtrpakhdJ vd;w KbTf;Fk; te;jJ. rktha;g;G
fy;tpapid ngz;fs;> ngz;gps;isfs;> r%fj;jhy; Gwe;js;sp
itf;fg;gl;Ls;stu;fSf;Fk; cWjpnra;tjhd fy;tpapid
cyfkag;gLj;Jtjd; Njitia Jomtien efupy; ,lk; ngw;w ru;tNjr
kfhehL typAWj;jpaJ.

tpN~l NjitAilau;fSf;fhd rHtNjr fy;tp kfhehL – Salamanca

1994

Jomtien dpYk; Dakar upYk; ,lk; ngw;w rHtNjr

kfhehLfSf;fpilapy; Spain dpd; Salamanca efupy; 1994y; tpNrl
NjitAilatu;fSf;fhd ru;tNjr fy;tp kfhehL ,lk; ngw;wJ. ,jd;
gpujhd ,yf;F rfyUf;Fk; fy;tp vd;gjid Nkyjpf Nehf;fhf nfhz;lJ.
cs;slf;ff; fy;tpia ru;tNjr uPjpapy;tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fupa xU jpl;ltuk;G
kw;Wk; topfhl;liy (UNESCO, 1994) Salamanca tpy;
ntspaplg;gl;l mwpf;if toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,t;twpf;ifahdJ tpNrl Njitf;
fy;tpf;fhd vz;zf;fUf;fs;> nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; gapw;rpfis
cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.
• gue;j gy;tifg;gLj;jy;> Fzhk;rq;fs;> Njitfs;
vd;gtw;pwidf; ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L fy;tp KiwikahdJ
tbtikf;fg;gLtJld; ft;tp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;
mKy;g;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

• tpNrl NjitAila gps;isfSf;Fk; rhjhuz

ghlrhiyfspy; fy;tp fw;ff;;$bajha; ,Ug;gJld;
,g;ghlrhiyfshdit tpNrl Njitfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;af;
$ba tpjj;jpy; gps;isfis ikag;gLj;jpa fy;tpg;
Nghjid Kiwapid nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,j;Jiwrhu;e;j gyu; cs;slf;ff;fy;tpiag; nghWj;jtiuapy; ru;tNjr

uPjpapy; xU Kf;fpaj;Jk; tha;e;j mwpf;ifahf ,r; Salamanca
mwpf;ifapid tpthjpf;fpd;wdu;.
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SNU5242 ,uz;lhk; mku;T: cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU

vdpDk; ,jdJ nry;thf;fhdJ tpNrl Njitfs; vd;w cyfpDs;

cs;slq;Ffpd;wJ. ,t;twpf;ifahdJ gpurpj;jkhd xd;wy;y my;yJ ,jid
vy;NyhUf;Fk; fy;tp vd;w tprhy vz;zf;fUtpDs; mlf;fptplyhk;.
,Ue;jNghjpYk; Salamanca mwpf;ifahdJ fy;tpapy; fhzg;gLk;
jilfis Gjpa topKiwapy; Nehf;Ftjw;F ,J rk;ge;jkhd
nraw;ghl;lhsu;fisAk; nfhs;if tFg;ghsu;fisAk; J}z;Ltjhf
mikfpd;wJ. ,t;thW Gjpatop Kiwfspyhd Nahridfs; vy;yhf;
gps;isfSf;Fk; ed;ik gaf;Fk; vd;gJ kl;Lkd;wp Fwpj;j rpy
re;ju;g;gq;fspy; khztu;fsJ jilfisj; jhz;Ltjw;F KbAk; vd;w
ek;gpf;ifapid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ljhFk;. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; jw;NghJ
tpNrl NjitAilatu;fshf tifg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;s khztu;fSk;
Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLtJld; gps;isfSf;F nghUj;jkhd fw;wy; #oiy
cUthf;fTk; jpwd;fis toq;Fk;.

,Ug;gpDk; gy;NtWgl;l re;ju;g;gq;fspy; cs;slf;ff; fy;tpahdJ gue;jstpy;

tpUj;jpaile;J nry;tjw;fhd rpy Mjhuq;fs; cs;sd. ngUk;ghyhd
ehLfspy; cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapdJ tsu;r;rp tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljhf
fhzg;gLtJld; mJ fbdkhdjhfTk; cs;sJ. ,t;Ts;slf;fj;
jj;Jtj;Jld; ,j;Jiw rhu;e;jtu;fs; midtUk; jpUg;j;jpfukhfTs;sdu;
vdf;$w KbahJ.

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapd; nfhs;iffSk;> gapw;rpfSk; xU jdpg;gl;l

mikg;gpidf; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mjpy; mjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs;
midj;Jk; ftdj;jpnyLj;J tpUj;jp nra;jply; Ntz;Lk;.

fy;tpahdJ fl;lhakhf;fg;glhj ehLfspy; FiwghLila gps;isfs;

kl;Lkpd;wp Fiwghlw;w gps;isfSf;Fk; fy;tp kWf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk;>
tpNrlkhf rhjhuz ghlrhiy KiwahdJ xU njupthf fhzg;glhj
re;ju;g;gj;jpy; khw;Wtop kw;Wk; RNjrpaf; fy;tpKiwahdJ ngWkjp kpf;fjhf
fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J Ntiy nra;Ak; rpWtu;fs;> tPjpNahu rpWtu;fs;>
ehNlhbfspd; gps;isfs;> FiwghLila gps;isfs; MfpNahUf;Fk;
nghUj;jKilajhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

I.eh rhrdKk;> ru;tNjr mwpf;iffSk; ghupa mstpy; gy;NtW

mikg;Gf;fspD}lhf tpsf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; nghJthf ,it
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SNU5242 ,uz;lhk; mku;T: cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU

Nkw;Fyfj;jpd; fUj;jpw;F mikthfNt vOjg;gLfpd;wd. vt;thW vdpDk;

,yq;if jw;NghJ fl;lhaf; fy;tp KiwapD}lhf Xu; cau;e;j fy;tpawpT
tPjj;jpid Ngzp tUfpd;wJ.

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpahdJ vt;thW mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gjpYk; mJ

vt;thW tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gjpYk; gy;NtW tbtq;fis
mJ nfhz;like;jpUf;fyhk;. MfNt cs;slf;ff; fy;tpahdJ xU
epiyahd mikg;gy;y. MdhYk; ,J cs;slf;fr; #oy; xd;wpid
Kd;Nehf;fpf; nfhz;L nry;tjw;fhd xU gFjpr; nra;Kiwahf
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. MfNt ,jid xU rhjhuzkhdJk; rPuhdJkhd
nfhs;ifahf cUthf;f KbahJ.

cyff; fy;tp nghJkd;W Dakar 2000

2000k; Mz;by; cyf fy;tp nghJkd;whdJ Darkar efupy; rfyUf;Fk;

fy;tp vd;gjd; nraw;ghLfis kPsha;T nra;tjw;Fk; Gjpa ru;tNjr
,yf;Ffis cUthf;Ftjw;Fkhf eilngw;wJ. ,g;nghJkd;whdJ
rfyUf;Fk; fy;tp vd;w jPu;khdj;jpid epiwNtw;wpaJ.

“ tWikapYs;stHfs; kw;Wk; gad;ngwhjtu;fs; kl;Lky;yhJ Ntiy

nra;Ak; rpWtu;fs;> gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l fpuhkj;jtu;fs;> ,dk;> nkhop>
rpWghd;ikapdf; gps;isfs;> ,isQu;fs;> gpzf;Ffshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l
guhakile;jtu;fs;> HIV/AIDS gl;baypYs;stu;fs;>
RfNjfpay;yhjtu;fs;> tpNrl NjitAilatu;fs; Mfpa vy;NyhuJ
NjitfisAk; ftdj;jpnyLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;wJ”

kpNydpak; mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffs; 2000 (The Millennium

Development Goals, 2000)
2015k; Mz;L ru;tNjr Muk;gf;fy;tpapid epiwtilar; nra;tjidAk;
mjid miltjid cWjpg;gLj;JtjidAk; Gjpa ru;tNjr Nehf;ftuk;ghf
kpNydpak; mgptpUj;jp ,yf;F nfhz;Ls;sJ. vt;thW vdpDk; xU rpwpa
FOthdJ mjhtJ> FiwghLilatu;fs;> Muk;gf; fy;tpapy; njhlu;r;rpahf
jtpu;ff
; g;gLgtu;fs; Nghd;NwhHfshy; ,t;tpyf;fpid ehLfs; mile;J
nfhs;tJ rhj;jpakw;wjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapdJ VjhtJ
xU njhlf;fk; Rje;jpukhdjhf mKy;gLj;Jk; NghNj cyf
Muk;gf;fy;tpapid Njrpa uPjpapy; mile;J nfhs;s KbAk;. rfyUf;Fk;
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SNU5242 ,uz;lhk; mku;T: cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU

fy;tp vd;w <Lghl;Lldhd mZFKiwapy;$l ,k;KiwikahdJ fy;tp

tha;g;gpypUe;J xU rpwpa FOtpdiu jtpHj;JtpLfpd;wJ. vdNt ,q;F
rfyUf;Fk; fy;tp vd;w mZFKiwf;fhd Xu; mtruNjit Vw;gLfpwJ.
rfyUf;Fk; fy;tpahdJ Nkyjpf tsj;Njitfisf; nfhz;lJ vd;gJ
njspthfNt njupfpd;wJ. mjhtJ FiwghLfSila gps;isfSf;F
epGzu;fsJ cjtpapid toq;Ftjw;F Nkyjpf tsq;fsJ Njit
czug;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd tsq;fsJ FiwghL xU jilahfNt
fhzg;gLk;. MapDk; rfyUf;Fk; fy;tpapid toq;Ftjw;F Vw;w tifapy;
tsq;fis vt;thW Kd;Diuik nfhLj;J Gj;jprhJ}upakhf ghtpf;fyhk;
vd;gJ Nfs;tpf; FwpahfNt cs;sJ.

nraw;ghL 02
1. Salamanca mwpf;ifapid kPsha;T nra;f (tpNrl Njitf; fy;tp
njhlu;ghf 1994y; Spain ,d; Salamanca efupy; ,lk;ngw;w ru;tNjr
kfhehl;bdJ mwpf;if)
2. cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapy; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; Xu; mwpf;ifahf
Salamanca ru;tNjr kfhehl;L mwpf;if fhzg;gLfpwnjd Vd;
,j;Jiw rhu;e;jtu;fs; tpthjpf;fpd;whu;fs; vd;W thu ,Wjp ehspjOf;F xU
tpsf;ff; fl;Liu tiuf?

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpf; fUJNfhs;

cs;slf;f vz;zf;fU
rhjhuz tFg;giwfspy; jukhd cs;slf;ff; fy;tpg;gbKiwfis tpUj;jp
nra;af;$ba rpy vz;zf;fUf;fs;

• vy;yhr; rpwhu;fSk;

cs;slf;ff; fy;tp mbg;gilapy; rfy gps;isfSk;>

FLk;gq;fSk; ngWkjpkpf;f rkkhd tha;g;GfisAk;
mDgtj;jpidAk; ngWtjw;F cupj;Jilatu;fs; vd;w kpf
vspjhd vz;zf;fUit nfhz;lJ. cs;slf;ff; fy;tp vd;gJ
FiwghLila gps;isfs; mjhtJ FiwghlhdJ jPtpukhdNjh
my;yJ jPtpukw;wNjh> ntspg;gilahdNjh my;yJ
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Copyright © 2010, The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL)
SNU5242 ,uz;lhk; mku;T: cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU

ntspg;gilaw;wNjh Nghd;wtw;wpidf; fUjhky; mtu;fs; vJtpj

FiwghLfSkw;wtu;fisg; Nghd;W rfytpjkhd nraw;ghLfspYk;
gq;Fgw;w ,lkspg;gjhFk;. ,J rfyUf;Fk; NghyNt el;gpidAk;
mq;fPfhuj;jpidAk; tha;g;GfisAk; ngWtjidf; fUJfpwJ.

• vy;yhf; gps;isfSk; ntt;NthW topfspy; fw;fpwhu;fs;

cs;slf;ff; fy;tp vd;gJ Xu; mu;j;jKs;s topapy; gps;isfs;

fw;gjw;Fk; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;Fk; cjtpapid toq;Fjy; MFk;.
Vnddpy; ez;gu;fsJ my;yJ Mrpupau;fsJ cjtpahdJ ed;whf
gadspf;Fk;. NtW rpy Neuq;fspy; gpuj;jpNafkhf
tbtikf;fg;gl;l Mtzq;fs; my;yJ njhopy;El;gq;fSk;
ed;ikaspf;Fk;. ,q;F Kjd;ikahdJ ahnjdpy; gps;isfspdJ
Njitf;F Vw;g Kbe;jsT cjtpapid toq;FtjhFk;.
• cs;slf;fy; vd;gJ vy;yhf; gps;isfspdJk; cupik

,ayhikAila jdpg;gl;ltu;fsJ fy;tp njhlu;ghd rl;lkhdJ

(IDEA) njspthf Fwpg;gpLtJ ahnjdpy;> ,ayhikAila
gps;isfs; mtu;fsJ taJf;Nfw;w ,ayhikaw;w gps;isfSld;
fw;gpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; nghJthd fw;wy; #oypy;
mtu;fSk; ,izf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;.

• vy;yhf gps;isfSk; mtu;fsJ taJf;Fupatu;fSld; fy;tp

fw;gjw;fhd cupik.

nghJthd fw;wypy; xU ,lu;ghLila gps;isahdJ KONeuKk;

ghlrhiyapy; fw;gjd; %yk; ed;ikfis miltjw;F Vida
gps;isfisg; Nghy; xU ju epiyapy; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Nwh
my;yJ mtu;fisg; Nghy; ele;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd
vjpu;ghu;f;ff;$baJ.

cs;slf;ff; fy;tp
cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapd; nghJthd Nehf;fkhdJ vy;yhf; gps;isfSk;
gq;Fgw;wy; kw;Wk; rkkhf guhkupf;fg;gLjYf;Fkhd tha;g;Gfis
Cf;Ftpj;jy; vdyhk;.
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Copyright © 2010, The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL)
SNU5242 ,uz;lhk; mku;T: cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpia tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jtjd; xU fw;gpj;jy;

KiwikapDs; FiwghLfis ePf;fptplf;$ba tpjj;jpy; gy;NthW tpjkhd
fw;wy; NjitfisAila vy;yh fw;gtu;fSf;Fk; Nghjidfis
Nkw;nfhs;tJk; mtu;fis nrtpkLg;gjw;Fkhd xU nra;Kiw vdyhk;.
cs;slf;ff; fy;tpahdJ Kiwikahd kw;Wk; Kiwikaw;w fw;wy;
#o;epiyfspy; Vw;glf;$ba tprhykhd fw;wy; Njitfis kpfg;nghUj;jkhd
Kiwapy; G+u;j;jp nra;tjpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; ,J
ghltpjhdj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; jpUj;jq;fs;> mZFKiwfs;>
fl;likg;Gf;fs;> nfhs;iffs;> je;jpNuhghaq;fs; vd;gtw;iw
gupe;Jiuf;fpd;wJ.

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapd; ikakhf jpfo;tJ fw;gtu;fSf;F cau;jukhd

fy;tpapid toq;Ftjw;F Vw;wtpjj;jpy; fw;wy; Kiwikapid
khw;wpaikg;gjid J}uNehf;fhff; nfhz;bUg;gjhFk;.
ghlrhiyfs; cs;slf;fKilaitahf vg;NghJ fhzg;gLnkdpy; mit
KOikahd gq;Fgw;Wjiy Nehf;fp njhopw;gLk; NghJ> r%f
rkj;Jtj;jpD}L> NtWghLfis fz;zpakhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy;
fw;wy; tbtj;jpy; NtWghLfis Vw;Wf; nfhz;Lk;> NtWgl;l Kiwikfis
Vw;gLj;jpAk;> xt;nthU gps;isf;Fkhd jpwe;j> nefpo;Tj; jd;ik nfhz;l
ghltpjhdq;fis tbtikf;Fk; NghJkhFk;. ,jid NtWtifapy;
$Wtjhapd; cs;slf;fg; ghlrhiyfshdJ fw;wgtu;fs; rhu;ghdjhfTk;
gps;isfSf;F Vw;wjhfTk; fhzg;gLtjhFk;.

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapy; gpujhdkhdJk; KjypNyNa mwpe;J nfhs;s

Ntz;baJkhd tplak; ahnjdpy; vj;jid gps;isfs;> vg;gps;isfs;
ghlrhiyapy; ,y;iy?> Vd; ,y;iy? vd;gjhFk;. Mdhy; ,g;gpur;rpidapy;
,Ue;J ntsptUtjw;fhd KjyhtJ gbepiyahf kf;fSld; goFtjw;fhd
tha;g;gpid Vw;gLj;Jtjid Fwpg;gplyhk;. gy;tifg;gLj;jiy
Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fk;> Mrpupau;fSf;F Mw;wiy toq;FtjD}L mjid NtWgl;l
fw;wy; NjitfisAila gps;isfs; cs;slq;fyhf vy;yhf;
gps;isfSf;Fk; toq;Ftjw;Fk;> jukhd fw;wiy toq;Ftjw;Fk;
epakq;fspYk; mZFKiwfspYk; xU tpUj;jp Njit.

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpahdJ gyuhYk; xU Kiwahd ghlrhiy #oypy;

mq;ftPdkhd gps;isfSf;F fy;tpia toq;Fk; xU tplakhfNt
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SNU5242 ,uz;lhk; mku;T: cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU

ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. vdpDk; ,j;JiwapYs;stu;fs; ,jid xU gue;j

ghu;itapD}lhf cau;thfNt Nehf;Ffpd;wdu;. mjhtJ cs;slf;ff;
fy;tpahdJ ghy;> jpwd;> ,dk;> nkhop> tWik Nghd;w mbg;gilapy;
xJf;fg;gl;l rfy gps;isfisAk; cs;thq;FtjhFk;. ,t;thW vy;yhf;
gps;isfisAk; ghlrhiyf;Fs; cs;thq;fpf; nfhs;tjhdJ KjyhtJ
gbepiy my;yJ Muk;gepiy fy;tptl;lk; vdyhk;.

vt;thW ,Ue;j NghjpYk; gy ehLfs; gps;isfis ghlrhiyfspy; jf;f

itj;Jf; nfhs;tjpYk; mtu;;fsJ milT kl;lj;jpid cau;e;jstpy;
NgZtjpYk; Njhy;tpapidf; fhz;gjw;F gpujhd fhuzkhf miktJ
juf;Fiwthd ghlrhiyr; #oYk; fy;tp Kiwr; nraw;ghl;by; jukhd
topelj;jypd;ikAk; ,jid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F rhd;whf mikfpd;wd.

KOikahd cs;slf;ff; fy;tp

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpahdJ vy;yh gps;isfs; fw;gjw;Fk; xd;whf Nru;e;J

gq;Fgw;Wtjw;Fk; Vw;w tifapy; vkJ ghlrhiyfs;> tFg;giwfs;>
epfo;rr
; pj;jpl;lq;fs;> nraw;ghLfs; vd;gtw;iw vt;thW ehk; tbtikj;J
tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;fpNwhk; vd;gjhFk;.

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapd; epiyahd mbg;gil ek;gpf;ifahdJ vy;yh

gps;isfSk; mtu;fsJ taJf;F Vw;w Vidatu;fSld; rhjhuz
tFg;giwapy; ed;F fw;gJld; ajhu;j;jkhd mDgtq;fisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tJk;; MFk;.

cs;slf;ff; fy;tp vd;gJ khztu;fSf;fpilapy; rhjhuzkhd cwTfisf;

fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk;> midtiuAk; rkkhf kjpg;gjw;Fk; ghlrhiyfs;
cjTfpd;wd vdyhk;.

ntw;wpfukhd cs;slf;ff; fy;tpf;fhd gapw;;rpfs;

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpia fPo;tUk; Kf;fpa gapw;rpfis gpd;gw;WtjD}lhf

ntw;wpfukhdjhf;fp nfhs;syhk;.

• vy;yhf; gps;isfSf;Fk; vt;tpj fl;Lg;ghLkpd;wp ghlrhiy tho;tpid

mDgtpg;gjw;F rhjhuzkhd tFg;giwapy; mDkjpg;gJ.
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• Mrpupau;fSk;> tFg;giwAk; jkJ khztu;fSf;F ,aYkhdtiu

cjtp nra;tJld;> gps;isfSf;F maypy; cs;s ghlrhiyapd;
rhjhuz tFg;giwapy; fy;tp fw;gjid cWjpg;gLj;jy;.

• gps;isfshy; vjidr; nra;a KbahJ vd;gjid ghHg;gijtpLj;J

vjidr; nra;a KbAk; vdg; ghu;g;gjD}lhf Mrpupau;fSk;>
ngw;Nwhu;fSk; cau;e;j vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fis nfhz;bUj;jy;.

• rhjhuzkhdNjhu; tFg;giwapy; rfy gps;isfSf;Fk; xNu khjpupahd

fy;tp ,yf;fpid jPu;khdpg;gjid tpLj;J xt;nthU khztupd;
NjitiaAk; jpwidAk; Gupe;J nfhz;L fy;tp ,yf;Ffis tpUj;jp
nra;jy;.

• khztu;fsJ fw;wy; kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l milTfis vjpu;ghu;j;J

tFg;giwfs; kw;Wk; ghlrhiyfis kPs;fl;likj;jy;. (cjhuzkhf
vy;yh khztu;fisAk; jdpg;gl;l uPjpapy; ftdnkLf;fj;jf;f tifapy;
Neu ml;ltiziaj; jahupj;jy;)

• cs;slf;ff; fy;tpf;fhd gyk;tha;e;j jiyikj;Jtj;jpid ghlrhiy

mjpgu; Kjy; rfy epu;thf cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSk; nfhz;bUj;jy;.

• gytopKiwf; fw;gpj;jywptpidf; nfhz;l Mrpupau;fis

nfhz;bUg;gjD}lhf gy;NtWkl;l Mw;wy;fisAk;> jpwd;fisAk;
nfhz;l rfy khztu;fSf;Fk; xNu tFg;gpy; fw;gpf;fyhk;.

• cs;slf;ff; fy;tpr; #o;epiyapy; xU jukhd fy;tpia

toq;Ftjw;fhf mjpgH> MrpupaHfs;> ngw;Nwhu;fs; kw;Wk; mjDld;
njhlu;Gilatu;fSk; xU rpwe;j gykhd topKiwia jPu;khdpg;gjw;F
xd;wpide;J nraw;gly;.

nraw;ghL 03
i cs;slf;ff; fy;tpf;F xU tpupthd tiutpyf;fzk; jUf?
ii cs;slf;ff; fy;tpia mKy;gLj;jj;jf;f tifapy; ,yq;ifapy;
fhzg;gLk; Ie;J tplaq;fisj; jUf?

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SNU5242 ,uz;lhk; mku;T: cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapd; ed;ikfs;

vy;yhf; gps;isfSf;Fk; mtu;fsJ ngw;Nwhu;fSf;Fkhd cs;slf;ff;

fy;tpapDila rpy ed;ikfs; ,Njh!

ngw;Nwhu;fsJ njhiy Nehf;fhd gps;isfspd; toikahd tho;T

vd;w fdT ,jdhy; edthFk;.

vy;yh ngw;NwhHfSk; jkJ gps;isfs; mtu;fSila rfhf;fshy;

Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLtNjhL ez;gu;fisf; nfhz;l toikahd tho;T
fpilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Mir ,t;Ts;slf;ff; fy;tpapd;
njhiyNehf;fpdhy; ,ayhikAila gps;isfSf;Fk; edthf;fg;gLtJ
ajhu;j;jkhfpAs;sJ.

gps;isfs; jq;fisg; gw;wpAk; gpwu; gw;wpaJkhd rupahdNjhu;

Gupe;Jzu;tpid fl;bnaOg;g KbAk;.
gps;isfs; tFg;giwf;F r%fkspj;J mq;Nf mtu;fs; nghUj;jkhd
gy;tifj;jd;ikapidf; fw;Wf; nfhs;tjd; %yk; ajhu;j;j cyfpd;
kf;fspilNa gpujpgypf;Fk; xw;Wik Ntw;Wikfis mq;fPfupf;ff;
$batu;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;.

el;Gwit fl;bnaOg;Gjy;

gps;isfs; el;gpid fl;bnaOg;gTk;> r%f Mw;wy;fis fw;Wf;

nfhs;tjw;Fk; ghlrhiy gpujhd ,lkhfj; jpfo;fpd;wJ. cs;slf;f
tFg;giwahdJ Fiwghlw;w> FiwghLila gps;isfs;
mtu;fSf;fpilapy; xUtUf;nfhUtu; fw;Wf;nfhs;tjpid
cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ.

xd;whapUg;gjd; %yk; rfy gps;isfSk; fw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhu;fs;.

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapd; jj;JtkhdJ rfy gps;isfSk; fw;gjpy;
cjTtij Nehf;fhff; nfhz;bUg;gjhy; tFg;giwapYs;s rfyUk;
ed;ik ngWtu;. gps;isfs; mtu;fsJ fw;wy; Ntfk; kw;Wk; fw;wy;
eilf;F Vw;g guhkupg;Gkpf;f fw;wy; #oypy; fw;ff;$bajhf
,Uf;fpd;wJ.
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Copyright © 2010, The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL)
SNU5242 ,uz;lhk; mku;T: cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU

rhuhk;rk;
,ayhikAila khztu;fs; cs;slq;fyhf vy;yh khztu;fSk; mtu;fsJ
maypy; cs;s ghlrhiyapy; rhjhuz tFg;giwapy; fy;tp fw;gjw;fhd xU
fy;tp Kiwikia cs;slf;ff; fy;tp nfhz;like;Js;sJ. mj;Jld;
mtu;fsJ fy;tpj; NjitfisAk; kw;Wk; typikfisAk; mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L mtu;fSf;F cjtp> Nritfis ,J toq;Ffpd;wJ. cs;slf;fg;
ghlrhiyfspd; mbg;gil vz;zf;fUthdJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l rKjhaj;jpy;
fhzg;gLfpd;w gs;spr; rpwhu;fs; vy;NyhUk; xd;whf fw;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gjhFk;. ,Jtiu ,ayhik kw;Wk; jilfisj; jhz;b ,J
rhj;jpakhdjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Mrpupau;fs; khztu;fsJ gy;NtWgl;l
NjitfisAzu;e;J nraw;glNtz;Lk;. mj;Jld; tsq;fis nghUj;jkhd
Kiwapy; ghtpj;J ghlrhiy xOq;fikg;G kw;Wk; fw;wy; jpl;lq;fs;>
r%fj;jpD}lhd gq;fspg;G vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;L jukhdNjhu; fy;tpapid
toq;Ftjw;F fw;gpj;jypy; gy;NtWgl;l tbtq;fisAk;> rPuhd
KiwikfisAk; ifahs Ntz;Lk;.
khztu;fsJ juq;fSf;F mg;ghw;gl;L mtu;fsJ tpNrl NjitfSf;Nfw;g
kpfr; rupahd Kiwapy; toq;fg;gLtid cWjp nra;tjw;fhd xU
Njitg;ghL ,q;F fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapy; gpujhdkhdJk;
KjypNyNa mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;baJkhd tplak; ahnjdpy; vj;jid
gps;isfs;> vg;gps;isfs; ghlrhiyapy; ,y;iy?> Vd; ,y;iy? vd;gjhFk;.
Mdhy; ,g;gpur;rpidapy; ,Ue;J ntsptUtjw;fhd KjyhtJ gbepiyahf
kf;fSld; goFtjw;fhd tha;g;gpid Vw;gLj;Jtjid Fwpg;gplyhk;. vt;thW
vdpDk; cs;slf;ff; fw;wyhdJ vy;yh khztu;fSf;Fk; mtu;fsJ
FLk;gj;jpYk;> tFg;giwapYk; gy;NtWgl;l ed;ikfis toq;Ffpd;wJ.

Nehf;fk;

,g;gFjpiaf; fw;wjd;gpd; cq;fshy; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis Kaw;rpf;f

KbAk;
cs;slf;ff; fy;tp vz;zf;fUtpd; gpd;Gyk; kw;Wk; tuyhw;wpid guPl;rpj;jy;.
cs;slf;ff; fy;tpia tpgupj;jy;.
cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapid ntw;wpfukhf mKy;gLj;Jtjpy; nry;thf;F
nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfisg; gl;bayply;.

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpapd; ed;ikfis guPl;rpj;jy;.

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Copyright © 2010, The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL)
SNU5242 ,uz;lhk; mku;T: cs;slf;f fy;tp vz;zf;fU

cs;slf;ff; fy;tpia vkJ fy;tp Kiwikapy; ntw;wpfukhf

mKy;gLj;Jtjpy; fhzg;gLk; gyq;fis milahsk; fhzy;.

crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;
Booth, T. & Ainscow, M. (2002) Index for Inclusion:
developing learning and participation in school.
Bristol: Centre for Studies in Inclusive
Education
Disability Awareness in Action (2003) Disabled
Children in Nepal. London: DAA
Dyson, A. (2004) Inclusive education: a global agenda?
In Japanese Journal of Special Education. 41 (6),
pp 613-625, 2004
Inclusion International (2004) MDGs
www.disabilityworld.org/11-12_03/news/unmdg.sthml
International Council for the Education of the
Visually Impaired (2003) The Educator, Vol. XVI, 1.
Birmingham, ICEVI. www.icevi.org
UNESCO (1994) Salamanca Statement and Framework
for Action. Paris: UNESCO.
UNESCO (2001a) Open File on Inclusive Education:
Support Materials for Managers and
Administrators, UNESCO
UNESCO (2001b) Inclusion in Education: The
participation of disabled learners. World
Education Forum, EFA 2000 Assessment: Thematic
Study. Paris: UNESCO.
UNESCO (2004) An inclusive approach to EFA: UNESCO’ s
role. In Enabling Education, Issue 8, pp 12-13,
June 2004. Manchester: EENET.

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