Date

Page

Nodel Poabn 1
Past-A
Oene Cempute andhttetuxe
(ombuten anchitehuui thta etgaAtsatim e ha Combot
-cn uwhidh maka upa Cembute system_and ha mcanin
he opnattan whtch_qutds tk nctiern
Cenwert 1-843lo) to bimu
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0-36x
112 x2
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44x2sdosho
0.88
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1-0
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3.stateDemelgan'A theatam
emsgan's rt theeum
 (7)
y

mdgan's ScLend theelan.

X

4xblatn Ton IOF, 529,STA 1oatnuchtora

24STA: STA stads btoAtote AccuwMuate cndents in
memey In Hu lstautten Accuulaten 8-bit (ontelk
wiu be atehtd to a memdy laattm whese 16-bis
addresia indicated in hu istouchon a 16.
$2 S2A i wtd o AKih to seme athe memgty lota
en instnuctianitha icxult Stohtd ia 2 o inh
acCumulater
TON1oN Mean itouuubt tsabde m. iEN'S is 1
han the_Cemputn Can be tntexubted
TOFJoF meanaSodexxuht nobles o E is0
than thg laos (annnt iateuht he Lombutun

s.Delne Cache memetuy

1t is a Atall sized typt eolatla muden
mumetytot puide high apeed dada aC(CK foa piais
-eand bBehe tuauentlunRd.combutu pmgtam
abhliahima a data
 atc any 3 icro-opeiattona
Arthothic icmo opeaahien
Log micao opeaatfen
Shalt miu0 ohtaatiom
Part 8

Smblil ECAB,LD) -£L,2,46,,la,12,19)drau

aGs Cuttdiagnam

AA 1S
AG D/9
AA

P- 89
FCA,8,,9)- ( tA +AG

A X= (D+AG + A89

. une Hol oddn and doaw ths truth dable ond logic
diagnam tha amgn
2A haladdes is a tube el adde, an 2lcctroni Cuut

Htat peyelms dhe addiien hal oddi

uumberts the
is abla to add tuo sig biraxy diqis and pmurdu
houtput plus a caoyvalue 1 f s Juwo A
inpt and
8 ard tueo utpu S(Swm) ad ((Cau)

D A Hall
>addes

* Lqe CauitJe holadden

9xhlain he dtlkrent cqisiey in bastcCompte

79R the dataneqisten (9R) halds re obtxand atad
em he memely
xActhe ACcumulaket (Ac)ia qcneal puuboSe tais.kn
ne ed en prOsirO
IR e Inxtutten negisten(TR) holds tho codmum
-ey
TR the tempea eqiaten TR) utd uhile pu.chim
bsttned in the tmbtary heaisten
AR the Dddne 1tgisten (AR) hold h adde% q
he inatusthen tat i o be imblemented rest em
em
 e memetu
OL:
C
Thepcqnam
The CPnten (PC) Centmls he sautnce d
LAs.tuhernsto be Tad10( a instauchien a dtHde
. d, hecqutnhal Exeauhen docs not ateA
ten call
-ie cal, A atsant ExCt
toan otnudhian hat inot n
Senuenawith fhalntnuctiom3 in tha Pc
INPR-Th 1ahut Hgiste(IPR) utd leh 1nput openai
-on3 I PR eCaive n8-btt craxactu uem fhu 1nbut
dauico
OuTR he autput uoiaten touTR) ustd e outut opera
-Hens. 1t poouides an g-htt charaten to tha outbut

b.Explain oiaus addrcsMede

Qknect Addre mcda
It i a sxhema fn_whtdh he addzt%
ecotes uhich memy uwed taisten Centains thi opr
-and

lq220 AD9 S2|

459 Ohtxand

idintcd Addres mode- 1 Aa heo inwhith the

addtaspRcttes_whith memeiu wed negate Lent
-ai hot thaohtxand but thaOddcs e tha ohera
 35 a lAD0300
300 13S0

135o operand

l.Exp.lainhorduaxa fmlamntatlen shilk-miua tmot

Seal
Ioput Cla 1 He Sh`t a Cub)
L
urcken Habla

A
Strct Dudput
A SHo H, Ha 3
OR Ao A A
A h23 IL

MUx

Soral
pdC
A 4-bit camhtratrenal ciutt shltn i erahnukd win
ulkthleocexs stg erla clack Qulr.shtlttd valu_tan
 be loadtd Jnfo 443Jts 1 ursis s d joun dota
Inpuls AA, Az,Aal.4 oun dak ouhus Hat,ta , . had
at hunAttal anbubmae Shalt lt Iand th oltun
le Shtt xght
when 3l fu tobut data ax shitd Japt tha huso
aial Jnbus can b Centrolld by anohen ulHledo o
peuda ta haus pastbla uhs4 hi

AA
he choxadexitita 4 muulkiprae%dua.
Vtxy laxge Auale snkgnated U u t Acchnnloq has tduud
Let Cenuten(omonant to udh a lan Javel fat
ha
h Lenapt dabhing (uktple pocaxieds Jo mut spkem
a n adtadive destn
palelmana itauiycmens hos becme.
pessthiliky
Nulhhocq 3thmoves tha aaliahiltty t ha ayatern sp Hhat
a Jailuu d Eel 3n ens pat has a Jmttede t on
Aha nest Hu Syskem. a lault causes pre e
n lal a Stcerd hxocase Can oc 06tgntd h_prlem
Hhu uniens dhe disabitd xsc tha asttnos a

whel con (entiu to uhien Coitctly usth pexahabs

Hulpnoceiinpovesyskm penelmance bxcause
ertautakters fan ÞoLcad in pazallelio_erta Q h
huoa s
Hulslsdspendat tobs con be made to operak n i
A Stogla job Con be panttkiored inko mulkbla tas
taka
nulkpmasdclaaniaahton anavtrall unchien Can be
ontibentd into a ubr taaha Hat sathproee
Can tardle usuidually
 *Syaktm daska ay be allocated to sttalk uxese
pxocemets wheu destqn a ohtimt2ed to ptme0 Cetain
ybe gnoci Slicteatlu

3estgn a Acauntial Ckgut taa4-6tt binauy (Ounke

tulk (ount trabla

autbut

lock
 what i Jub op.16splan te
Aullorurt Jya 4 po 4
The Atdlag tlemens Embleyesd in daked Bapanh'al
Ccuik anc alled lib lop A b op i a braz
cell Cabubla slelinor bit iod.madton.14 Jastr
Jaus ad huo oufpuls ane output i k Ha mal
valua ad ena h a omplemot yaluus h e hi stcud

The RGp.op s a1-hi munety

duite kautnq Juro tapu i t , SETod RESET he SET
Liabut Att he deutre pxaue he autput 1,ad
RESET Jnbut nctt the duce oodula hat ouhuto
ThaET ad RESET Inhuls ara Jabeled as 3asd R

SR Cemmen
o 0 Notharq
NLP
0 Redldea
0
9 bt allovd

k la oh
Tha Shth-Lop i a unvasal libap raui
un 10pub J od k. od K ae themselues autonemas
Jtdesuhith au cheten h dshinguish the thpop esgn
 nam athn yps

KaaLemmeas5
00 No thasgt
CLK-
010LRealdta
0 1o stt
aCombkmuk

Odoby) Lip- Lob a a diatbal Ekctw rud

A
wed to_dehy the changk osiake oltk auhub Snalta)
until tha iiosdo a dlok hming tahuf
Aignal.
N3 N lotk pueCto)southudstak
Pruuiou
xbcharg Stae

CLR 0 Restt
NT set

4. Tlab
he T oagla) ib Hop a a huy inhit bfl
h 1nbus axu Lard a CLK Inhut 1 ha T tnut i
HIGH,h T op changts stak whn hu dock
Biqnal is abliedI th tugale tnbu a la. hu T
-lobholds u peteus uu
 dak à ae
Notarge Pouios
A1 Toggla
oA
15 Explain Lemmen- Bus olgani3ah'en a bastc Lempuda wth

diagnam
BUS
Metey 4ntt
4096X 6
wRete Reod

AR
-ENR

TNR CER
R
L TNR CLR
hderE
ard Ac
LOgH Lo TMR cLR
IUPR
TR

TR
L INRCLP
0UTR
 A basic (ermaut has 8 uQdes mmey unlt &
oCenteolunt. Thadiaanam ha emmen bu) yp.km
Expains hu sugatous in dekatl

1RLata suoislor) : 1it helds he optsard eod hem mma

- haldb 16 bt
A AcCumulath):1 a gontcalpuxpest p0hing
Teqidtn halds 1 bts
3.18Tahit ugatn) ha inshnudien nod ham memey i

plocad J0 ha IR, holda 16 bts

has B inathis à he
Addnes Ragisten) AR 13

uidth 4 o memelyaddras hu adaxay

SPpOgn.am(onken);-Pc kas 1a bis ad hold
ha ext intudtien fo tod em mney alkn
h c u u t instnutiens xtutd
6NPR 1nbut aaistta)- oUTR halds ha output o pox
-ing h inpu data it hoda mls btt ihaoky

16.Explatn Mmety neouna INAtnuthrens.

These nstauton nclun Jo mumdyaddbe os an
operadJhe ohnprand1 alunys ar(umulate spu
kes 13-bt oddr 3-btt opodaohtn Han 1)ord 1-bt
addsemqmocla docckadadIndi xtt nddq.
Oktoda memy addos
Sa
 Dote

memeyneuenains huuten axe

Seme odds he Centent a ho
AD0 The Apo inamuch'on memdy
weld Jfat is dano.ted by tha ellechive addro to he
a l u 4 he xeqiatn

instmichon shas hememels wd dennted

3.10A Tha LDA
addeuas to the xeatstn.
bu tha qlechve

3 An9The A9 tasiucken implemenk he Ang logopo

dheegiaten ad he
-aten en the bit ollechonuem
memsywddiHat dedmided by he chve addeh-
w the Kqisten..
Tha nelt o hi optnafron is moved bach
tncacmenk the
4.TS2 Incnement i 230(I32) inshutfen JnccMeNtEol
wed detemined bq lechve addueS B he
ces. a200 Hus p fooemcated b 1.A eoative
value saved j0 thu memey wed huauah fha pograrm
-men1t (on inluonca the 2o valuu olkn q i
Jneementedebtatedly

sSTASTA Saves he Cenfeact he Keatu ito the

memeiwsld ttot s delned by h c v e addotos
Tha otpt e t wsed fo tha Lemmon bua ad he
daka tnbut Jinkad to tho hus1t occded nly ene
micmo ope 1ahons
1 u h a t 8 a DNA Orau k hlock diogram ard ol
Ealatn tk welking.
konduaa du
OHA) itcd mumety Acce Cettollen is
a
uih
that alleu Ilo dalas Jo diotcty acce menduynreds
Cotnllen h
Jes paxhispahten ha poCho. OHA
CouMunrcaBe with
Sama ald tsutk a n ntelace o
he CPo ad 1lo dáuia
P0 as Ilo
ALL negàts Hu DrA abbton to tha
in
xgatos.houls he CPU Lan 0odh 30od ond
kou, aci TogramCentn
wnte Jnto the ONA ntgtes ud
a thapata bus
Addrves bus buller
daja 2da bus bulken
bus

ONA buy Pddouxs Ttaistr

sdedt
Rcad R D
wed Ceut ais (r
Contrel
wk R
bus..s BR Cerdrol ugisten
ONA at
ract
1rdonugtidenupat HA Krccotadet

The CPinthializa_he ONA bysdilq he qinn

alesratten thuaugh tha data bua
 he Shaxtins oddnas the mcootyblak uheu tha ada
aalaihble e wheu dataau to be stth.ed

albo nds wed

teunt which i the mb
t
to be 9htod wrte
wds
10 dhe memels hlock
totsal to delinehe modu transje Suth as s1eod
wite

A_(mtul o beain tha OHA transtca

andshit mMio opeaatioms.

8Exhlotn h e logrc

ukd e fransin Saiou dta

NtR operattms that cuu
elmahtan.hese araal5o USed in
Cmjunchien Lutth
opesahienma
hntthmetc mtm optnahian latc epemio
and nthun_data pxcLsfla ohtnaktana
ainl inhtt-
Loatcal11 ansn he 2eL0 HhAAngh he
We us the Symbdls o logical shilt Aelt odsh
shilt ntght

a) Logital Shttlelt ro this Shtlt me ih'an_moves

lnch btt t he elt ne by me the mpts kast
Atgailrcant bit (Ls.) ied wtth 2 0 ad he mat
tgnilrtant bit is ngtted
NSB LSB
o oo 0

oLlolollo
bRiht loqtal shilIO hisone hron mpves ath hit t
ha 9tight me y ma ard Jhe least sgniltant hit i
ujtted ad he tmpds HS8 i Ukd ith 28t0
NS LSB

o o o o
Anithmehrchi mio ohenatten_shtl a &tgntd bto
numben h Hu Jet e ho he ugh besthton 1n an
anithmett shtlt Jek tt 0Lulthlte a Algntd hiozy nun
-eou ad an axithmetc shit atght 1t diud
numben oy
a Azthmhtchalt
In ha _cme p%.ih'en Moves lach hit tha
J t one by ontha inbhy Jeast siniicant hit
dled zeo and th me6t siqniiant hit
nitlttdsame as tha lelt loqical shitt
NS8 LS8

Right Aitmtie shzl4;

10 hts ma besitien mers tath bt o he
ngtt one by oe ard he Jeast signtdrtant hit à xjtd
ad Jhe Emb.ty HS6 Ued wth he_value ohu
 Te

Poge
p.1euious MSB

NSB LSB
o oo d

txulan. Jhe xulan Ahlt cxaulates thg btth n_he

tauene4 hc uqisten oreurd the bothnds witha
-uf any Jes lelrahan.

Jelt ctsalan_shilt
L38
Hlo ool

Cial

5 Rraht chadan shtt

MSB LS8
1o1lolo

oLolo