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1.5. Project Documentation: 10 Chemical Engineering

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29 views2 pages

1.5. Project Documentation: 10 Chemical Engineering

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pgs.ahmed.ashour24
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10 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The organisation of chemical process design is discussed in more detail by Rase and
Barrow (1964) and Baasel (1974).
Some of the larger chemical manufacturing companies have their own project design
organisations and carry out the whole project design and engineering, and possibly
construction, within their own organisation. More usually the design and construction, and
possibly assistance with start-up, is entrusted to one of the international contracting firms.
The operating company will often provide the "know-how" for the process, and will
work closely with the contractor throughout all stages of the project.

1.5. PROJECT DOCUMENTATION


As shown in Figure 1.5 and described in Section 1.4, the design and engineering of
a chemical process requires the co-operation of many specialist groups. Effective co-
operation depends on effective communications, and all design organisations have formal
procedures for handling project information and documentation. The project documen-
tation will include:
L General correspondence within the design group and with:
government departments
equipment vendors
site personnel
the client
2. Calculation sheets design calculations
costing
computer print-out
3. Drawings flow-sheets
piping and instrumentation diagrams
layout diagrams
plot/site plans
equipment details
piping diagrams
architectural drawings
design sketches
4. Specification sheets for equipment, such as:
heat exchangers
pumps
5. Purchase orders quotations
invoices
All documents should be assigned a code number for easy cross referencing, filing and
retrieval.

Calculation sheets
The design engineer should develop the habit of setting out calculations so that they can
be easily understood and checked by others. It is good practice to include on calculation
INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN 11

sheets the basis of the calculations, and any assumptions and approximations made, in
sufficient detail for the methods, as well as the arithmetic, to be checked. Design calcula-
tions are normally set out on standard sheets. The heading at the top of each sheet should
include: the project title and identification number and, most importantly, the signature
(or initials) of the person who checked the calculation.

Drawings
All project drawings are normally drawn on specially printed sheets, with the company
name; project title and number; drawing title and identification number; draughtsman's
name and person checking the drawing; clearly set out in a box in the bottom right-hand
corner. Provision should also be made for noting on the drawing all modifications to the
initial issue.
Drawings should conform to accepted drawing conventions, preferably those laid down
by the national standards, BS 308. The symbols used for flow-sheets and piping and
instrument diagrams are discussed in Chapter 4. Drawings and sketches are normally
made on detail paper (semi-transparent) in pencil, so modifications can be easily made,
and prints taken.
In most design offices, increasing use is being made of Computer Aided Design (CAD)
methods to produce the drawings required for all the aspects of a project: flow-sheets,
piping and instrumentation, mechanical and civil work.

Specification sheets
Standard specification sheets are normally used to transmit the information required for
the detailed design, or purchase, of equipment items; such as, heat exchangers, pumps,
columns.
As well as ensuring that the information is clearly and unambiguously presented,
standard specification sheets serve as check lists to ensure that all the information required
is included.
Examples of equipment specification sheets are given in Appendix H.

Process manuals
Process manuals are often prepared by the process design group to describe the process and
the basis of the design. Together with the flow-sheets, they provide a complete technical
description of the process.

Operating manuals
Operating manuals give the detailed, step by step, instructions for operation of the process
and equipment. They would normally be prepared by the operating company personnel,
but may also be issued by a contractor as part of the contract package for a less experienced
client. The operating manuals would be used for operator instruction and training, and
for the preparation of the formal plant operating instructions.

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