Technical Writing and Presentation – EE2023

PAPER SUMMARY
Intelligent IoT-Based Dust Concentration
Measuring and Monitoring System
Author: Dr. Bùi Đăng Thảnh

Assoc. Prof. of Instrumentation and Control System, Hanoi University of Science and Technology

Presenter: Trương Tuấn Minh - 20212415

2
Presentation Outline

I. Introduction

II. Measuring Methods

III. System Design

IV. Experimental Results

V. Conclusion

3
 I.
Introduction
General Information and
Reason for Choosing the paper
I. Introduction

1. Context for Conducting research

Urban areas major problem - Air Pollution

5
I. Introduction

2. Abstract
• Consequential need of a research on air
quality assessment.
• The author proposed a dust concentration
measuring and monitoring system with IoT
application.
• Utilizes Cortex-M3 Microcontrollers STM32,
laser-scattering dust sensing elements and
data processing web servers.

6
I. Introduction

3. Reasons for Choosing the paper

Closely related to current Personal interest in

major orientation Embedded-IoT system

Escalation of
Low complexity of project
environmental problems

7
 II.
Measuring Methods
Which ethods did the author
employed in the study?
II. Measuring Methods

1. Proposed Methods
• The author mentioned three among multiple existing methods.

Principle of method Advantages Disadvantages

Gama principle method • Highly accurate. • Large size and high cost.

Laser-Doppler-Anemometry • Traditional method. • Time-consuming, which limits the

(LDA) method • Accurate results at low cost. application.
• Most popular method, convolution
accuracy.
Laser scattering method • Long-lasting operation time. • (Not mentioned in paper)
• Wide measuring range.
• High flexibility.

9
II. Measuring Methods

2. Chosen Methods
• The light is scattered around when the laser
beam passes through dusty air.
• Scattered light is collected and converted
into electrical signal to be amplified and
processed.
• Number and diameter of particles can be
obtained by analyzing the signal.
• Its waveform has a certain relationship with Laser Scattering Method
the particle diameter.

10
II. Measuring Methods

2. Chosen Methods
• The author also integrated Wireless
Sensor-based Surveillance Systems.
• Advantages:
o Unique, wireless and easy solution
o Better spatial and time resolution.
o Collects data, process and give different
levels of alert.
✓ Smart IoT systems are highly on demand.

11
II. Measuring Methods

3. Measuring Principle

• Light is absorbed and dispersed by the

solid particles, the measurement principle
is based on the intensity attenuation of the
light beam.
• In simpler terms, the fall in intensity is a
direct measure of the dust concentration.

Laser Scattering Method

12
II. Measuring Methods

3. Measuring Principle

• Beer-Lambert law for relationship of light

and dust concentration c

I = I0 .e-𝛆.l.c
• in which:
o I0 is the initial intensity.
o I is the resulting intensity of the light beam.
o l is the measuring distance.
Laser Scattering Method o ε is the coefficient of extinction.

13
 III.
System Design
Hardware and
Software Implementation
III. System Design

1. Hardware Implementation

15
III. System Design

1. Hardware Implementation
a. Sensor Node
• STM32F103 Microcontroller Unit (MCU)
• Universal Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter (UART) data transfer from
sensors to MCU.
• Sensor nodes send data to Webserver by
GPRS module.
• Measured results were stored and
displayed on Webserver.

16
III. System Design

1. Hardware Implementation
b. Microcontroller Unit
• A strong MCU enhances the necessary processing ability.
• STM32F103C8T6 module’s specifications:
o ARM Cortex-M3 Core.
o 32-bit RISC operating at 72MHz frequency, handling all
communicative tasks.
o Common communication interfaces: 2 I2C-ports, 3 SPI-ports,
5 UART-ports and 1 USB&CAN-port.

17
III. System Design

1. Hardware Implementation
c. Dust Sensing Element
• Measure floating dust particles of

o 0.3-10μm diameter

o Range of 0 ÷ 999 µg/m3

with high accuracy

• Specifically suitable for measuring

PM10 and PM2.5

SDS011 from Nova Company
• Send a 10-byte packages to MCU.

18
III. System Design

1. Hardware Implementation
d. Temperature, humidity sensor
• Built-in sensor includes:
o Humidity signal converter based on the principle of
impedance (resistive-type).
o Temperature signal converter based on the principle
semiconductor thermistor, NTC type (resistance decreases
with increasing temperature and vice versa).
o 8-bit digital processor to digitize measurement results and
communicate with the MCU.
DHT022 Module

19
III. System Design

1. Hardware Implementation
e. Other components

Nokia’s N5110 LCD Screen Power Source Sim808 module

(Communication part)
20
III. System Design

1. Hardware Implementation

21
III. System Design

2. Software Implementation
a. Task description
• “Record measured parameters along with ID of
each sensor node and display in chronological
order.”
• The data flow diagram represents the data flow
from the sensor nodes to the data collection
MCU, web application software and finally to the
user

22
III. System Design

2. Software Implementation
a. Task description
• The context diagram describes
an overview of the operation
environment and the interaction
between system, administration
and users.

23
III. System Design

2. Software Implementation
a. Task description
• The sequence diagram describes
interaction between components
of the system.
• The identification of these nodes as
well as their data are distinguished by
the individual addresses attached to
the data transmission frame.

24
III. System Design

2. Software Implementation
b. MCU Algorithm
• Developed using Keil C V5 IDE.
• MCU will read data from sensors in the
sensor node, and check for any errors
after transmission.
• Parameters of PM10 and PM2.5 dust
concentration will be calculated.

25
III. System Design

2. Software Implementation
c. Data Receiving Interrupt Flowchart
• Communication protocol from sensor node to
Webserver was programmed on the SIM 808 module.
• To assure reliability of serial transmission, a receiving
interrupt was used to check received data integrity from
sensor .
• The received data was then added with error correction
information, packed into frames and transmitted to the
webserver.

26
 IV.
Experimental Results
Practical Implementation and
On-site Measurements
IV. Experimental Results

1. Sensor nodes
• Conducted laboratory tests, calibrated
accuracy and conducted measurements
in different areas of Hanoi.
• Stable long-term operation.
• Data was transmitted completely.

28
IV. Experimental Results

2. Software interface on Webserver

• Displays PM2.5 and PM10 dust
concentrations in both numerical
format and wave diagram.
• A notification appears if the warning
threshold is exceeded
• The red and blue graphs show the
corresponding evolution of PM10 and
PM2.5 dust concentrations.

29
IV. Experimental Results

2. Software interface on Webserver

• Node 1:
o The recorded value of PM10
was 49µg/m3 and PM2.5 was
22µg/m3.
o Temperature and humidity were
33°C and 51%, respectively.

30
IV. Experimental Results

2. Software interface on Webserver

• Node 2:
o “concentration of PM10 and
PM2.5 dust in schools was quite
low compared to that of streets.”

31
IV. Experimental Results

2. Software interface on Webserver

• Node 3:
o “There was a slight difference in
temperature from the above 2
measurement points.”

32
 V.
Conclusions
Further discussion
regarding the project
V. Conclusions

1. Author’s Conclusions

Accomplishment Innovation

• Successfully designed and implemented three • The expansion of multiple points along with further
measuring devices. weather parameters measurement will allow:
• Range of 0 ÷ 999 µg/m3 (for PM10 and PM2.5). o Increase data processing strength.
• Data exchange algorithms and errors compensate o Develop new features such as forecasting the air
algorithms have properly operated as designed. quality level and the spread of pollution.
• The system has run stably.
• Inexpensive systems, allowing them to expand the
network with a larger number of points.

34
V. Conclusions

2. Presenter’s Conclusions

Author’s Accomplishment Possible Weaknesses

• Designed a practical system with a • Mentioned principles are unclear: “Gama principle”, “Traditional
wide and precise measuring range. method”
• Utilized multiple devices and • Measuring locations are not truly long-distanced.
peripherals. • The author did not mentioned weather resistivity of the nodes.
• Implemented functional software for • The author did not proposed any drawbacks or flaws of the
the system. systems.
• Dust concentration monitoring systems have been widely
researched in the present.

35
V. Conclusions

2. Presenter’s Conclusions

Possible Weaknesses Improvement Suggestion

• Mentioned principles are unclear: • More in-depth explanation of theoretical

“Gama principle”, “Traditional method” background.
• Measuring locations are not truly long-distanced. • Setup more system nodes in Hanoi or possibly other
• The author did not mentioned weather resistivity of provinces.
the nodes. • Implement weather resistivity casing for the system.
• The author did not proposed any drawbacks or • Re-assess the project and check whether there is
flaws of the systems. any room for improvement.
• Dust concentration monitoring systems have been • Integrate useful and unique functionalities to the
widely researched in the present. system.

36
THANK YOU !

37