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hich \af0 \loch \f0 CORAM: ODER, TSEKOOKO, KAROKORA, KANYEIHAMBA, AND KATO,
JJ.S.C.}{\cs19 \b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \s42 \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s42 \qc \li0 \ri0 \sb115 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs25 \
b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. }{\
cs17 \b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 35 }{\cs25 \b1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 OF }{\cs17 \b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 2002}{\cs17 \b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s72 \li0 \ri0 \sb638 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx365 \itap0 \ls1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 1.\tab }{\cs25 \b1 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 TWINOMUGISHA ALEX ALIAS TWINE]}{\cs25
\b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s72 \qj
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx365 \tql \
tx3898 \itap0 \ls1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 2.\tab }{\cs25 \b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 PATRICK KWEZI}{\cs25 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \tab }{\cs25 \b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 ] :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::APPELLANTS}{\cs17 \b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s55 \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx365 \itap0 \ls1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 3.\tab }{\cs35 \b1 \i0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 J}{\cs25 \b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 OHN SANYU }{\cs18 \b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 KATURAMU]}{\cs17 \b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s59 \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s59 \li0 \ri0 \sb110 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1
\widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033
\langfenp1033 {\cs25 \b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
VERSUS}{\cs25 \b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \
plain \s59 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s59 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb115 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs25 \
b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
UGANDA::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::RESPONDENT}{\cs25 \
b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s48 \
li883 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin883 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s48 \li883 \
ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin883 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s48 \li883 \
ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin883 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s48 \li883 \
ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin883 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s48 \li883 \
ri0 \sb29 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin883 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b1 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 [An Appeal from the decision of the
Court of Appeal of Uganda: Mukasa-Kikonyogo, DCJ, Engwau, and Twinomujuni, J.J.A,
in Crim. App. No. 1 of 2001 dated U}{\cs15 \b1 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af6 \loch \f6 \expnd-30 \expndtw-30 /7}{\cs35 \b1 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 /2002] }{\cs35 \b1 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s59 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s59 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s59 \li0 \ri0 \sb178 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1
\widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033
\langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b1 \i0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
ul1 J}{\cs25 \b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \ul1 UDGMENT
OF THE COURT}{\cs25 \b1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \ul1 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb192 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 This is an appeal against the decision of the Court of Appeal which dismissed
the appellants' appeals against their convictions for two murders of Prince Charles
Kijanangoma and Stephen Kaganda alias Mulokole respectively and sentence of death
passed on 12/9/01 by the High Court.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx7685 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 We shall hereinafter refer to Alex Twinomugisha alias Twine as
A1, to Patrick Kwezi as A2 and to John Sanyu Katuramu as A3.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s58 \li6902 \ri0 \
sb115 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin6902 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The background to this case is that A3
was appointed the Prime Minister (Muhikirwa) of Toro Kingdom, sometime in 1993 when
Kingdoms were restored in Uganda. He was appointed by the late King Patrick Kaboyo
Olimi II of Toro. Before the appointment he was a prominent businessman owning Give
& Take Forex Bureau in Kampala, Shell Petrol Station Kampala, Voice of Toro (VOT)
FM Radio in Fort Portal and Rwenkuba Farm in Kabarole District. When King Kaboyo
died, he was succeeded by King Oyo, who was aged about 3 years. Not only did A3
retain the post of Prime Minister, but he also became one of the three Regents of
Toro, entrusted with powers to run the Kingdom on behalf of the King till he
becomes of age. However, there was a rift between some members of the royal family
led by Princess Bagaya and Prince Kijanangoma on one hand and some of the Regents
of the Kingdom, of whom A3 was a leading member, on the other. Opposing members of
the royal family, led by Prince Kijanangoma, wanted A3 removed as both Regent and
Prime Minister of the kingdom. There were also disputes relating to matters and
control of the Toro Kingdom property, some of which went to court. One such dispute
was the subject of a court case which was heard on 25}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 th}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 March, 1999 and in which A3 was a key
witness. Prince Kijanangoma was gunned down in Fort Portal after the adjournment
of that case.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb14 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 However, on 23/3/99, before
Prince Kijanangoma left Kampala for Fort Portal to attend court, he telephoned
Karamagi, PW14, and told him that he was going to attend court in Fort Portal. He
requested him to tell Mboijana James, PW19, that Katuramu, A3, was planning to kill
him and that killers had been given Shs.6,000,000/= to finish him off. PW14
recorded the message and gave it to Mboijana, PW19, who admitted having received a
note from Karamagi, informing him that A3 had hired killers to kill him.}{\cs19 \b0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 However, Mboijana stated that although
he had not taken the note seriously, two days later, he learnt that Prince
Kijanangoma had been gunned down. It is important to note that when Prince
Kijanangoma reached Fort Portal in the evening of 23/3/99, he was disturbed and
reported to Mugenyi, PW8, that A3 had hired killers to kill him. According to A1's
confession it was on 23/3/99 when the killers, arrived in Fort Portal.}{\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0
\ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 On 25/3/99 at about 9.00 p.m. the deceased, Prince Happy
Kijanangoma, was in Palace View Bar in Fort Portal in the company of Ferri Babara,
PW7, having drinks together with A1. At that time there was no electricity and so
lit candles were being used to provide light at each table in the bar. As they
drank, PW7 noticed a stranger enter the bar and whisper to A1. A1 thereafter went
outside with the stranger. A few minutes later, A1 and the stranger returned and
stood at the main door of the bar. A1 shot Prince Kijanangoma with a gun from about
5 metres away. Prince Kijanangoma died instantly. Thereafter, A1 and his companion
left the bar but in the process they also shot dead the nightwatchman of the Palace
View Bar, one Stephen Kaganda, alias Mulokole. During that attack, PW7 was also
wounded. She left the bar through the rear door while screaming. She was picked up
by soldiers who took her to Dr. Mairuka's Hospital in Fort Portal from where she
was transferred to Mulago Hospital.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 During the attack, Mugisha, PW1, was in the same bar and witnessed what
happened but never identified A1. However, as a result of Police investigations; A1
was arrested at Kireka, Kampala, on 23/7/99, by Captain Kayanja, PW11, who took him
to the Directorate of Military Intelligence (D.M.I.). Later, A1 was handed to CPS
at Kampala. In a charge and caution statement, he confessed to have been hired by
A2 to kill Prince Kijanangoma at a price of Shs.5,000,000/= plus Shs. 1,000,000/=
for fuel. He was charged together with A2, Bob Weswala, Okumu Rombo Jimmy and A3
who is alleged to have masterminded and facilitated the plot to kill Prince
Kijanangoma.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 In his defence, A1 denied involvement in the
murders of the deceased persons and advanced a defence of alibi that at the
material time, he was in Nairobi and therefore could not have been involved in
killing the deceased. A2 denied having participated in the murders of the two
deceased persons. He stated that he was arrested in Kasese when he was in his
sister's shop a year after the alleged murders. A3 denied having procured people to
kill Prince Charles Kijanangoma and stated that killing was not part of his
business. He stated that those who testified against him did so because of the
grudges against him on the grounds that either some of them had lost jobs in his
companies while others wanted his job of Prime Minister in the Toro Kingdom.}{\cs19
\b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 A1, A2 and A3 were convicted by the trial Judge whilst the
other co-accused were acquitted. The conviction of A1 was based on his confession,
his identification at the scene of crime on 25/3/99 by Ferri Babaara, PW7 as well
as his identification at the identification parade by Babaara, PW7. The convictions
of A2 and A3 depended exclusively on circumstantial evidence. Their appeals to the
Court of Appeal were dismissed with one Justice dissenting on the conviction of A3.
The dissenting Justice found that the circumstantial evidence connecting A3 never
ruled out any co-existing circumstances that would destroy the inference of
innocence.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \ql \
li0 \ri0 \sb168 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Each appellant has filed a separate
Memorandum of Appeal in this appeal.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 A1's Memorandum of Appeal was filed by Mr. Muguluma and
contains 4 grounds, framed as follows:}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s70 \qj \fi-701 \li701 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin701 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s70 \qj \fi-701 \li701 \ri0 \sb221 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin701 \rin0 \tql \tx816 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs39 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 1.}{\cs39 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \tab }{\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The learned Justices of Appeal
erred in fact and in law for having upheld the finding of the trial Judge that the
charge and caution statement was voluntary and true and that it was properly
recorded and was not a forgery and thus the Justices of Appeal arrived at a wrong
conclusion.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \s70 \qj \fi-725 \li725 \ri0 \sb475 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin725 \rin0 \tql \tx725 \itap0 \ls2 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f5 2.\tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 That the learned Justices of Appeal
erred in fact and in law for having upheld the finding that the appellant was
identified by Babera, PW7 at the scene of the crime and at the identification
parade in that the parade was properly conducted.}{\cs32 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \par }\pard \plain \s70 \qj \fi-725 \li725 \ri0 \
sb490 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin725 \rin0 \tql \tx725 \itap0 \
ls2 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \f5 3.\tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 That the learned Justices of Appeal erred in fact and in law for having upheld
the finding that the defence of alibi set up by the appellant was a forgery and
that the learned Justices did not adequately consider evidence regarding such
defence.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard
\plain \s70 \qj \fi-725 \li725 \ri0 \sb485 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar
\lin725 \rin0 \tql \tx725 \itap0 \ls2 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f5 4.\tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 That the learned Justices of Appeal failed to
evaluate and or did not adequately re-evaluate the evidence as a whole otherwise
they would have come to a different conclusion.}{\cs32 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360
\slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 Mr. Muguluma, counsel for A1 made the same arguments he had made before the
Court of Appeal. A1's complaint was that the charge and caution statement was
recorded by two officers. The first officer who only administered the caution never
countersigned the portion containing the charge and caution after A1 had signed it.
Instead, another officer Rwambarari, PW3, took over, read the charge and caution
statement to the appellant and like the first, he did not countersign after A1's
signature either. Mr. Muguluma criticised the procedure adopted by the officers who
recorded the charge and caution statement. He contended that this procedure
offended the procedure approved by this Court in }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Asenua & Another V Uganda (S.C.) Cr. Appeal
No. 1 of 1998 (unreported). }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 Another contention was that A1 never made the confession at all and that
the purported signature of the appellant on the charge and caution statement was a
forgery. Lastly, it was submitted that the alleged confession was not voluntary and
that the learned trial Judge ignored evidence showing that it was obtained as a
result of torture.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb10 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 On the issue of identification
of A1, at the scene of crime, Mr. Muguluma submitted that there were two eye
witnesses to the shooting of Prince Kijanangoma, Mugisha, PWl, and Ferri Babara,
PW7. Counsel contended that the trial Judge chose to ignore the evidence of
Mugisha, PWl which was favourable to the appellant and preferred to believe the
evidence of PW7 when both witnesses were at the scene.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb230 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Secondly, it was submitted by counsel for A1 that the
conditions in the bar where the deceased was shot dead were not favourable for
correct identification because there was no proper lighting in the bar and the
light from candles was not enough.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 Further, it was contended that the identification parade was not properly
conducted because Ferri Babara, PW7, was taken to the parade by one Omoding, PW1}{\
cs37 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 8, }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 who was one of the main investigating
officers. It was contended that this contravened one of the rules in the case of }
{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Ssesanga Stephen
V Uganda Criminal Appeal No. 85 of 2000 }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 (C.A).}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb235 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 On the defence of alibi, Mr. Muguluma complained that the prosecution failed to
adduce evidence to rebut the appellant's defence to the effect that he was in
Nairobi on the material day when Prince Kijanangoma was murdered. He criticised the
trial Judge for taking it upon himself to summon a witness to rebut appellant's
defence of alibi. He submitted that the trial Judge failed to evaluate the defence
against the evidence of the Immigration Officer from Busia and consequently failed
to reach the correct conclusion.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 Mr. Ngolobe, Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions, for the respondent,
submitted that the issue regarding confession was whether it was truthful,
voluntary, and properly admitted. He submitted on the issue of admissibility of
A1's confession that the learned trial Judge conducted a trial within trial and
found that
it was voluntarily made and was truthful. On the criticism that the statement was
recorded by two police officers, he submitted that there was nothing wrong with it
since both officers read the charge and caution statement to A1. He conceded that
none of these officers countersigned, but argued that this was an irregularity
which did not cause any miscarriage of justice and in any case, it was cured by the
final signature at the end of the statement.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360
\slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 On the claim that A1's signature was a forgery and that the statement obtained
through torture, he supported the Court of Appeal which upheld the trial judge's
decision.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \s65 \qj \li725 \ri0 \sb67 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
lin725 \rin0 \tql \tldot \tx7387 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 "The statement was so detailed that if it had been false it could not have
fitted in with the rest of the prosecution evidence as it did. We are not
convinced that the confession was obtained by torture or that it was not properly
recorded or that it was a forgery}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \tab }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 "}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb173 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 Counsel further submitted that on the admission of the confession against A1,
all that was required by the trial Judge was to warn himself of the danger of
acting on that confession and must before founding a conviction on such a
confession be fully satisfied in all the circumstances of the case that the
confession was true. He submitted that in the instant case, the learned trial Judge
looked for corroboration which he found in the evidence of Ferri Babara, PW7, who
clearly identified A1 at the scene of crime. In addition, PW7 identified A1 at the
identification parade as the person who shot dead Prince Charles Kijanangoma and
wounded her in the Palace View Bar.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 On the issue of alibi, counsel submitted that this had been raised for the
first time before the High Court when the 1}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 st}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 appellant was giving his defence but the trial Judge found that the
documents he was seeking to rely on were forgeries.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb110 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Regarding the complaint that the court ought not to have
summoned Immigration Officer at Busia to prove travel documents, learned Deputy DPP
submitted that trial Judge had powers to summon any witness at any time in order to
meet the ends of justice.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 On the complaint that the investigating officer ought not to have been present
at the identification parade, counsel submitted that there was no evidence to prove
that the investigating officer was at the parade and that he interfered with the
proceedings thereof. He, however, conceded that it was}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \sect }\sectd \sbknone \pgwsxn11905 \pghsxn16837 \
marglsxn1616 \margrsxn1616 \margtsxn1402 \margbsxn1440 \guttersxn0 \headery720 \
footery720 \pgbrdropt0 \sectdefaultcl \endnhere {\footerl \pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }}{\footerr \pard \plain \s49 \qr \li-5 \ri-5 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \lin-5 \rin-5 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\field {\*\fldinst {\cs33 \fs26 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch \af8 \scaps1 }{\cs33 \fs26 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af8 \
hich \af8 \loch \f8 \scaps1 PAGE}}{\fldrslt {\cs33 \fs26 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af8 \
hich \af8 \loch \af8 \scaps1 }{\cs33 \fs26 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \
loch \f8 \lang1024 \langnp1024 \langfe1024 \langfenp1024 \scaps1 17}}}{\cs33 \
fs26 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch \af8 \lang1024 \langnp1024 \
langfe1024 \langfenp1024 \scaps1 }{\cs33 \fs26 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af8 \hich \
af8 \loch \f8 \scaps1 \par }}\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \sb482 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 improper for Omoding, who was the investigating officer, to take PW7 from
C.I.D. headquarters to CPS where identification parade took place but contended
that this did not prejudice the identification since he was not present at the
identification parade.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \sb168 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 He invited us to
dismiss A1's appeal.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb34 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar
\lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The
case against A1 consisted of his confession. His confession was recorded on
14/10/99. In the charge and caution statement which was attacked, (we shall be
coming to the attack later) he stated inter alia that he himself and three other
men were hired by (A2) to go to Fort Portal and kill Escobar. Other prosecution
evidence clarified that Escobar was Prince Charles Kijanangoma. A2 was to provide
fuel worth Shs. 1,000,000/= and fee of Shs.5,000,000/= for killing Escobar. A1 and
his friends went to Fort Portal where they booked in Continental Hotel in false
names on 22nd March, 1999 - These were A1, Silver Muhenda, Bob Smart and Fred who
spent a few days together waiting for an opportunity to kill the deceased. The
first opportunity was on 24/3/99 when the Prince was found drinking in Palace View
Bar in Fort Portal, but the mission flopped because of the appearance on the scene
of one Kajabago who was known to A1. On 25/3/99 the deceased returned to the same
bar and was shot dead by A1 himself. His companion shot dead a night-guard, who was
outside the bar. The two killers thereafter retreated to the farm of John Katuramu,
(A3), at Rwenkuba. Earlier on Patrick Kwezi (A2), had shown the two killers the
farm as a safe place for them to spend a night after the murder. The next day they
were joined by Silver and Bob who brought Shs.4.7 million and fuel. The two (Sliver
and Bob) were brought by a driver, whose name A1 did not know. When they found that
the money paid was less than the sum agreed upon for the job, they forced the
driver to drive them to Kampala and thereafter removed the vehicle from him in
order to force Kwezi to pay them their full amount. On 27/3/99 at around 3.00 p.m.
A2 paid the remaining amount after which the vehicle was handed to one George, a
brother of A2.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb14 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 A1 was identified by F. Babara,
PW7 both at the scene of the crime and subsequently at the identification parade.
There was other evidence corroborating the confession of A1. The other evidence was
given by Milton Mwesige who found him at Rwenkuba farm and drove him to Kampala on
26/3/99. All this evidence must be considered against the total denial of the
charge by A1 i.e. repudiation of the confession and his defence of alibi that he
was not at the scene of crime.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0
\loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 We have carefully considered the submissions from both counsel on the first
ground. These complaints raised before us were raised before the Court of Appeal.
That court considered the issues of alibi and of the admissibility of the
confession statement and it held inter alia,}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360
\slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb10 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 We have carefully studied the evidence against the appellant on this
matter. Along with it we have considered the appellant's defence of alibi The most
important evidence against the 1}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 st}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 Appellant was his own confession. The learned trial Judge held
a trial within trial before admitting the confession. He was satisfied that it was
voluntarily made and it was also true. He took pains to verify its truthfulness by
testing it against all other evidence available including the defence of alibi The
statement was so detailed that if it had been false, it could not have fitted in
with the rest of the prosecution evidence as it did. We are not convinced that the
confession was obtained by torture or that it was not properly recorded or that it
was a forgery. We have no evidence before us to justify such an inference being
made."}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb125 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 We agree with the above
conclusions and therefore we do not find any merit in the complaint that the charge
and caution statement was not voluntary and true.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb235 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 On the complaint that it was not properly recorded, we
agree that it was irregular for a police officer to record a charge and caution
without countersigning after the signature of the suspect. It was irregular for the
second officer to take over from where the first officer stopped without
countersigning after he had read over the charge and caution to the suspect. Indeed
it is quite irregular for the two officers to record one statement without
satisfactory explanation. However, we think that failure by the recording officer
to countersign after the charge and caution was read over to the suspect was cured
by the recording officer's signature at the end of the suspect's statement. We do
not think that the omission by the recording officers in this case to sign after
charging and cautioning the suspect was fatal to the statement. Further, we agree
with the Court of Appeal that there was no evidence to prove that the confession
was a forgery.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 On the issue of the
identification of A1, we think that on the evidence of his confession alone, the
trial Judge could justifiably have convicted A1 of the two offences of murder.
However, there was other evidence which corroborated the confession. The evidence
of Ferri Babara, PW7, was considered by the trial Judge, and the Court of Appeal
agreed with the trial court, that PW7's evidence regarding her identification of A1
at the scene of crime was truthful. There was further evidence that on 24/3/99 she
had met A1 in the same bar where she observed him, because he kept going in and out
of the bar. PW7's evidence of having first seen A1 in Palace View Bar on 24/3/99
tallies with A1's confession when he stated that the plan to kill Prince
Kijanangoma on 24/3/99 in Palace View Bar flopped, because he had found Kajabago
who knew him in the bar during that night. Therefore the complaint that PW7 could
not properly have identified A1 cannot stand.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb10 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 We therefore agree with the Court of Appeal's conclusion that
A1 was properly identified as the person who pulled the trigger that released the
bullets that killed Prince Kijanangoma at Palace View Bar in the evening of 25}{\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 th}{\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 March, 1999. Therefore
grounds 1,2,3, and 4 must fail.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \sb173 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \sb173 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 In our view, A1 was rightly convicted.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360
\slmult1 \widctlpar
\lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb14 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar
\lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The
prosecution case against A2 and A3 is mainly circumstantial. It is scattered in
various testimonies of various witnesses. The main prosecution evidence which
implicated A2 was especially given by Ernest Nkoba, PWl5, and Mwesige, a witness
who was summoned by court. This evidence was confirmed by confession of A1.}{\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sb235 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Before discussing the other pieces of
circumstantial evidence implicating A2 and A3, we think that it is proper to
consider and resolve one common complaint which was raised on behalf of A2 and A3
that the Court of Appeal erred when it held that Ernest Nkoba, PW15, and Mweige
were not accomplices.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \sb163 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 A2's complaint in ground 3 of his Memorandum of Appeal was as follows:-}{\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s49 \qr \li0 \ri0 \sb34 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs33 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch \f8 \scaps1 12}{\cs33 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch \f8 \scaps1 \par }\pard \plain \s62 \fi-557 \
li557 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin557 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "(3) That the learned Justices of
Appeal erred on the facts and in law in holding that Nkoba and Mwesige were not
accomplices and that their evidence was sufficient as corroboration against the 2nd
Appellant."}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \s62 \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s62 \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb149 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 A3's complaint in
ground 4 of his Memorandum of Appeal was:-}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s62 \fi-557 \li557 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin557 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s62 \fi-557 \li557 \ri0 \sb48 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin557 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 "(4) The majority of the learned Justices of Appeal made an
error of mixed law and fact when they held that Ernest Nkoba and Milton Mwesige
were not accomplices and consequently upheld the conviction of the 3}{\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 rd }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 appellant largely on their evidence."}
{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sb14 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Mr. Emesu, counsel for A2, submitted
that the evidence of both Nkoba, PW15, and Milton Mwesige should not have been
relied upon because both were accomplices. The former provided money and transport
for the killers. Both of them were arrested and charged with the same offence, and
it was contended that their evidence should not have been relied upon.}{\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0
\ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \sb235 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 In his written submission, Mr. Tusasirwe,
counsel for A3, submitted at length in support of ground 4 which complained that
the Court of Appeal had erred in law and fact when it held that Nkoba, PW15 and
Milton Mwesige were not accomplices and thereafter upheld the conviction of A3 in
reliance upon their evidence. He submitted that from the testimonies of these two
witnesses, it is clear that they were accomplices with whoever killed the deceased.
Several authorities were cited defining accomplice - such authorities cited
included }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Davies
V DPP (1954) AC 378, Nassolo Hadija V Uganda S.C Cr. Appeal No. 129 of 2000,
Canisio c/o Walya }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 \expnd90 \expndtw90 V R}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0
\loch \f0 [1956] 23 EACA }{\cs15 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af6
\loch \f6 \expnd-30 \expndtw-30 453.}{\cs15 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af2 \hich \af6 \loch \f6 }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 In all these cases, there seems to be no accepted formal definition of an
accomplice. In }{\cs25 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
CURGON DICTIONARY OF LAW, PITMAN, 1957 }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 at page 74, the definition known as the }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Davies V DPP }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 definition describes an accomplice as
either a person on trial for the offence in question, against whom evidence of
complicity has been adduced or who has confessed to participating in the offence.
This is a limited definition. Mr. Tusasirwe submitted that in }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Nassolo case }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 (supra), our courts have adopted a more
liberal view of accomplices, and have stated that even if a person is not charged
for the offence, he may be treated as an accomplice for evidential purposes, if on
the strength of the evidence - adduced at the trial, it emerges that he
participated in the crime either as a principal offender or as an accessory before
or after the fact.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Counsel submitted that these
two witnesses, PW15 and Mwesige were at least accessories after the fact.}{\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \
qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Mr. Ngolobe, Deputy Director of Public
Prosecutions for the respondent, submitted that the Justices of Appeal dealt with
the reservation which the learned trial Judge had expressed about the credibility
of those two witnesses, presumably because they were in the first instance,
initially arrested and charged for the same offence and secondly, because they
appeared to have known more about the case than they cared to reveal. The trial
judge cautioned himself before receiving and accepting their evidence. He was,
however, impressed by these two witnesses and accepted their evidence as reliable,
giving detailed reasons in his judgment.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard
\plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \sb163 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \sb163 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 In upholding the conclusion
of the trial judge, the Court of Appeal stated:}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s65 \qj \li720 \ri0 \sb67 \lisb0
\lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin720 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "We find no reasons whatsoever to hold that these
two witnesses were accomplices. It is true that they did certain things on the
orders of their powerful master, like assisting people they apparently did not
know, with money, fuel and other services, which people turned out to be killers.
However, there is no evidence whatsoever, to show that Nkoba and Mwesige knew at
the time that they were helping killers. In our view, they did not do any more than
any employee would do in obedience to master's lawful order."}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s50 \li0 \
ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s50 \li0 \ri0 \sb101 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 We agree with these conclusions.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s50 \li0 \ri0 \
sb67 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Consequently, we find that Nkoba, PWl5 and
Milton Mwesige were not accomplices. Ground 3 in respect of A2 and ground 4 in
respect of A3 must fail.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \par }\pard \plain \s50 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 We now
deal with A2's appeal. Six grounds were filed by Mr. Emesu of Emesu & Co. Advocates
on behalf of A2, namely:}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \par }\pard \plain \s71 \fi-653 \li653 \ri0 \sb566 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin653 \rin0 \tql \tx653 \itap0 \ls3 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 1.\tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 That the learned Justices of Appeal
erred in fact and in law and misdirected themselves in upholding the trial Judge's
reliance on the 1}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
super1 st}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
Appellant's retracted confession to base his conviction of the 2nd Appellant with
the murder of the two deceased.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s46 \fi-653 \li653 \ri0 \sb595 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin653 \rin0 \tql \tx653 \itap0 \ls3 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 2.\tab }{\cs19 \b0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The learned Justices of Appeal
erred in fact and in law in evaluating the evidence on record and they erred in
upholding the finding of the trial Judge on the credibility of the prosecution
witnesses bearing on the guilt of the 2nd appellant.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s71 \fi-653 \li0 \ri0 \sb638 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \ls3 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 3.\tab }{\cs19 \b0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 That the learned Justices of
Appeal erred on the facts and in law in holding that Nkoba and Mwesige were not
accomplices and that their evidence was sufficient as corroboration against the 2nd
Appellant.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \s46 \fi-653 \li653 \ri0 \sb466 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin653 \rin0 \tql \tx653 \itap0 \ls4 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f2 4.\tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 That the learned Justices of Appeal
erred on the facts and in law in holding that circumstantial evidence on record
sufficiently proved the guilt of the 2nd appellant with the murder of the two
deceased beyond reasonable doubt.}{\cs28 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \par }\pard \plain \s46 \fi-653 \li653 \ri1075 \sb499 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin653 \rin1075 \tql \tx653 \itap0 \ls4 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f2 5.\tab }{\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 That the learned Justices of
Appeal erred in rejecting the 2nd appellant's defence.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s64 \fi-509 \li509 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin509 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s64 \fi-509 \li509 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin509 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s64 \fi-509 \li509 \ri0 \
sb14 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin509 \rin0 \tql \tx509 \itap0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 6.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 That the above errors occasioned a miscarriage of justice to
the 2nd appellant.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb154 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Mr. Emesu, counsel for
A2, argued all the grounds together. We have already disposed of ground 3. Mr.
Ngolobe, D/DPP argued them in the same order. Mr. Emesu submitted that the
conviction of A2 which was upheld by the Court of Appeal had been based on pieces
of circumstantial evidence and the confession of A1 which implicated A2. Counsel
submitted that the lower courts never verified how the pieces of circumstantial
evidence were corroborated by A1's confession in implicating A2. Further, counsel
submitted that the evidence of Ernest Nkoba, PWl5, who provided money and transport
for the killers and who was arrested and charged with the same offence should not
have been accepted and acted upon. In effect, one of the pieces of circumstantial
evidence that was relied upon by the lower courts was that on A3's instructions,
PW15 surrendered one of the vehicles belonging to Voice of Toro (VOT) to A2 on
21/3/99, because A3 wanted A2 to do some work for him. A2 retained that vehicle
from that date until it was found abandoned outside VOT offices in the morning of
26/3/99 after the murder of Prince Charles Kijanangoma. A2 never went back to PWl5.
He was next seen by Milton Mwesige on 27/3/99 at the Saloon of Silver in Kampala.
A2 then transported Mwesige to Uganda House where A3 was expected, but was not
there. Later, Mwesige was taken to A3's residence at Mbuya where he found A2. After
explaining to A3 how the vehicle had been grabbed by people he transported from
Fort Portal to Rwenkuba Farm, A3 assured Mwesige that if it was taken by the people
who were with Silver that vehicle would be returned to Fort Portal by A2. He
provided Shs.50,000/= for Mwesige's transport by public means. A2 thereafter drove
Mwesige to the Taxi Park in the evening.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360
\slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par
}\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb14 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Clearly, we must state that
once the confession of A1 is accepted as true as we did and the evidence of
Nkoba,PW15 and of Milton Mwesige is equally accepted as truthful as we did, the
guilt of A2 is established. From the confession of A1, A2, Silver, Fred and A1 met
in a bar at Nsambya, just opposite the Total Petrol Station on 21/3/99 and
discussed the plot to kill a certain person in Fort Portal who was code named
Escobar. The price agreed upon for killing that person was shs. 5,000,000/=. Fuel
money was agreed at shs. 1,000,000/=. A2 was the person to provide the money. After
the meeting, A2 travelled to Fort Portal and was able to secure a vehicle from
PW15. The evidence has shown that, the vehicle which was handed to A2 by PW15 was
not returned to him. It was found abandoned outside VOT offices in the morning of
26/3/99 after the murder of Prince Kijanangoma. This conduct is inconsistent with
the innocence of A2,}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb14 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \sect }\sectd \sbknone \pgwsxn11905 \pghsxn16837 \marglsxn1599 \margrsxn1599 \
margtsxn1869 \margbsxn1440 \guttersxn0 \headery720 \footery720 \pgbrdropt0 \
sectdefaultcl \endnhere \pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \sb281 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1
\widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033
\langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 We think that A2's abandonment of the vehicle outside VOT office at night and
his disappearance from Fort Portal after Prince Kijanangoma was shot dead marked
the end of the job assigned to him by A3. We believe and accept A1's confession
that it was A2 who had hired the killers to do the job and that he was the one who
led Fred, one of the killers, to Rwenkuba Farm after killing the Prince. We further
believe that, the presence of Fred and Alex at Rwenkuba Farm on 26 March, 1999
after Prince Kijannangoma was gunned down the previous night was corroborated by
Milton Mwesige who found both on the farm. Mwesige next met A2 at Silver's Saloon
in the morning of 27}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\super1 th}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 March,
1999 after which he drove him (Mwesige) to the Uganda House to meet A3. However,
later Mwesige was taken to A3's residence at Mbuya where he again found A2. After
A3 had assured Mwesige that the vehicle was safe if it had been taken by people who
were with Silver, A3 gave him (Mwesige) shs.50,000/= for his transport to Fort
Portal. After that A2 drove and dropped Mwesige at the Taxi Park in the evening of
27/3/99 and disappeared never to be seen till he was sighted and arrested in Kasese
one year later.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par
}\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 We are satisfied that there
was ample evidence to justify the conviction of A2. Therefore grounds 1,2, 4,5 and
6 must fail. In the result, A2 was rightly convicted.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb235 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 We now turn to the appeal of A3. Ten grounds of appeal
were filed on his behalf by Mr. Tusasirwe of M/s Tusasirwe & Co. Advocates, to
wit:}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \
plain \s61 \fi-696 \li696 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin696 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s61 \fi-696 \li696 \ri0 \sb235 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
lin696 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 1.
The learned Justices of Appeal made an error of mixed law and fact when they
accepted and upheld the confession of the 1}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 st}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 appellant, a co-accused person and used the same to confirm the
conviction of the 3}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 \super1 rd}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
Appellant.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \s70 \qj \fi-730 \li730 \ri0 \sb480 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin730 \rin0 \tql \tx730 \itap0 \ls5 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 2.\tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The majority of the learned Justices
of Appeal made an error of mixed law and fact when they failed to subject material
evidence to fresh scrutiny and thereby confirmed the conviction of the 3}{\cs19 \b0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 rd}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 appellant in disregard of the
inconsistencies and contradictions in the prosecution evidence.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s70 \qj \fi-730 \
li730 \ri0 \sb490 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin730 \rin0 \tql \
tx730 \itap0 \ls5 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 3.\tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 The majority of the Justices of Appeal made an error of mixed
law and fact when they upheld the conviction of the appellant on the basis of
evidence which the trial Judge had found unreliable and/or had not considered and
relied on when convicting the 3}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \super1 rd}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 appellant.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par
}\pard \plain \s70 \qj \fi-730 \li730 \ri0 \sb480 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin730 \rin0 \tql \tx730 \itap0 \ls5 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 4.\tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The majority of the learned Justices
of Appeal made an error of mixed law and fact when they held that Ernest Nkoba and
Milton Mwesige were not accomplices and consequently upheld the conviction of the
3}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 rd}{\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 appellant largely on
their evidence.}{\cs32 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \par }\
pard \plain \s70 \qj \fi-730 \li730 \ri0 \sb480 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin730 \rin0 \tql \tx730 \itap0 \ls5 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 5.\tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The majority of the learned Justices
of Appeal erred in law when they misapplied the law relating to circumstantial
evidence to uphold the finding that the 3}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 rd}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 appellant participated in the murder of the deceased persons thereby
wrongly convicting the 3}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \super1 rd}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
appellant.}{\cs28 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \par }\pard \
plain \s70 \qj \fi-730 \li730 \ri0 \sb490 \lisb0
\lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin730 \rin0 \tql \tx730 \itap0 \ls5 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \
plain \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 6.\
tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The majority of
the learned Justices of Appeal erred in law when they upheld the conviction of the
3}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 rd}{\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 appellant by the
trial Judge who himself stated that after looking at the evidence as a whole, he
was left in doubt as to the 3}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \super1 rd}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 appellant's guilt or innocence.}{\cs31 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s70 \qj \fi-720 \li720 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin720 \rin0 \tql \tx720 \itap0 \ls5 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 7.\tab }{\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The majority of the
learned Justices of Appeal erred in law when they shifted the burden of proof to
the 3}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 rd}{\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 appellant and applied
a higher standard of proof than is stipulated by law and wrongly reached the
conclusion that the 3rd appellant's guilt was proved beyond reasonable doubt.}{\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s70 \qj \fi-720 \li720 \ri0 \sb461 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin720
\rin0 \tql \tx720 \itap0 \ls5 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033
\langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 8.\tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 The majority of the learned Justices of Appeal made an error of
mixed law and fact when they upheld the conviction of the 3}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 rd}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 appellant on the basis of the prosecution evidence
in isolation and disregard of the 3}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \super1 rd}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 appellant's defences,}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s70 \qj \fi-720 \li720 \ri0 \sb480 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin720 \rin0 \tql \tx720 \itap0 \ls5 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 9.\tab }{\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The majority of the
learned Justices of Appeal made an error of mixed law and fact when they made
findings of fact and law not founded on the evidence on record.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s70 \qj \fi-720 \
li720 \ri0 \sb475 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin720 \rin0 \tql \
tx720 \itap0 \ls5 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 10.\tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 The learned Justices of Appeal made an error of mixed law and
fact by upholding the decision of the lower court when the trial Judge did not
properly address the assessors on the law and evidence to enable them give him a
sound opinion.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb14 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 We have already disposed of
ground 4 of his appeal. The prosecution evidence which implicates him was the
evidence of Nkoba, PWl5, Milton Mwesige together with A1's confession which we have
already dealt with whilst discussing A1's and A2's appeals. Other evidence is
circumstantial as found in the conduct of A1, A2, Silver and A3 himself.}{\cs19 \b0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 On ground one, Mr. Tusasirwe, Counsel
for A3 submitted that the majority of the Justices of Appeal used A1's confession,
a co-accused, to confirm the conviction of A3 on both counts. He contended that
this was clear from the following passage from their judgment:}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li720 \
ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin720 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li720 \
ri0 \sb53 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin720 \rin0 \tql \tlhyph \
tx5386 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033
{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "The prosecution
case against Patrick Kwezi and John Sanyu Katuramu is largely circumstantial. It
is scattered in various testimonies of the prosecution and other witnesses. The
main evidence is the confession of the I}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 st}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 appellant as corroborated by several prosecution
witnesses}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \tab }
{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 ."}{\cs35 \b0 \
i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \
qj \li734 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin734 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \
li734 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin734 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li734 \
ri0 \sb10 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin734 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Counsel further submitted that the
Justices of Appeal accepted without criticism the evidence of Francis Mugenyi, }{\
cs32 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 PW8, }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 that the deceased told him before his
death that Katuramu A3 had paid shs.6,000,000/= for people to kill him. He
contended that the Justices of Appeal did not find that this kind of evidence was
hearsay. Counsel further submitted that since the justices chose to accept A1's
confession, then they were not entitled to disregard part of the confession where
the alleged motive to kill Escobar whom the court finds is Happy Kijanangoma is
given thus:}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \s68 \qj \li1464 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin1464
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s68 \qj \li1464 \ri0 \sb235 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
lin1464 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
"The person to be killed was code named Escobar. I was told that this Escobar had
one time laid an ambush to Kwezi and his brother, George, along Fort Portal Mutende
road where he wanted to kill them but they survived Now the two wanted to revenge
to this character, Escobar."}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li1464 \ri0 \sb235 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin1464 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \sect }\sectd \sbknone \pgwsxn11905 \pghsxn16837 \
marglsxn1599 \margrsxn1599 \margtsxn1407 \margbsxn1440 \guttersxn0 \headery720 \
footery720 \pgbrdropt0 \sectdefaultcl \endnhere {\footerl \pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }}{\footerr \pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }}\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62
\lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0
\sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 Mr. Ngolobe Deputy DPP conceded quite rightly in our view, that
A1's confession could only lend credence to other evidence against A2 and A3. He
submitted that there was evidence against both A2 and A3. We agree with his
submissions that in addition to A1's confession, the evidence of Nkoba, PW15 fully
implicated A3 in facilitation of the murder of the deceased persons. According to
that evidence, when A2 arrived in Fort Portal, he went to PW15 and requested for
the telephone. After he had talked to A3, he handed the receiver to Pwl5. A3
instructed PW15 to release a company vehicle to A2, because he (A3) wanted A2 to do
work for him. A3 further directed Pwl5 to provide some money and fuel to A2. PW15
complied with the directives of A3, the boss of VOT. Early in the morning of
26/3/99 after Prince Kijanangoma had been gunned down the previous night, A3 called
PWl5 to his residence and directed him to get 300,000/= and give it to his visitors
who were at the VOT offices. Secondly, he directed him that Milton Mwesige, the
driver of VOT should take his (A3's) visitors to Rwenkuba farm. When Mwesige went
to pick the visitors, he found that one of them was Silver Muhenda, whom he knew as
a person hailing from the same place with him. It should be noted that according to
A1's confession Silver Muhenda was the person who connected Patrick Kwezi to A1 at
Nsambya, just opposite the Total Petrol Station when the plot to kill Escobar was
first hatched.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb14 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Further the evidence of Mwesige
showed that when he reported to A3 in Kampala on 27/3/99 that his vehicle had been
robbed from him by people he had picked from Fort Portal and taken to Rwenkuba
farm, A3 told him that if those people were with Silver, then the vehicle is safe.
This clearly associates A3 with the murderers of the deceased. On top of Mwesige's
evidence, Edward Luyonga, PW21, proves that A3 frustrated the Police from }{\cs30 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch \f8 22}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 tracing Motor vehicle Reg.725 UCB. It is
clear that the conviction of A3 was not based solely on A1's confession. The
Justices of Appeal treated the rest of the prosecution evidence as circumstantial
evidence corroborating A1's confession and connecting A3 with the crime. Further,
we think that although the evidence of Francis Mugenyi, PW8, and Karamagi, PWl4
appears to be hearsay, that evidence was admissible under section 30(a) of the
Evidence Act as report which Prince Kijanangoma made to these two witnesses
relates to his death.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \sb187 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 Section 30(a) states that:}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0
\loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s41 \ql \li763 \ri0 \sb187 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin763 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 "Statements, written or oral of relevant facts made by a person who is
dead, are themselves admissible in the following cases:-}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s41 \qj \fi720 \
li0 \ri0 \sb101 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 a) When the statement is made by a
person as to the cause of his death or which resulted in his death, in cases in
which the cause of that person's death comes into question. Such statements are
admissible whether the person who made them was or was not at the time when
they were made under expectation of death"}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb178 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The East African Court of Appeal dealt with some what
similar case in }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
R V Kabateleine c/o Nchwamba (1946) 13 EACA 164, }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 where the deceased, two days before she had been
burned to death in her house, had told the headman that the accused was threatening
to burn her house because he said, she had caused the death of his father by
witchcraft. The Court of Appeal held that this was not }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "a general expression indicating fear or
suspicion" }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 but }{\
cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "one directly
related to the occasion of death" }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 and that it was therefore admissible.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 In the result, we agree with the Court of Appeal that the
evidence of Francis Mugenyi was admissible.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \sb163 \lisb0 \lisa0
\sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \sb163 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 In our view, the Justices of Appeal were correct when they
said,}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \
plain \s48 \qj \li720 \ri0 \sb216 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
lin720 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "We
hold the view that the evidence of the two witnesses (Nkoba and Mwesige) is very
important for its role in corroborating the confession of A1 and also in connecting
A2 and A3 with the crime."}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0
\loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb178 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 We have held that these witnesses were not accomplices. Therefore their
evidence was admissible and it fully corroborated A1's confession and also
connected A2 and A3 with the crime.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \sb173 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 In the result, ground one must fail.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360
\slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb48 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 Grounds 2 and 3 of A3's appeal were argued together. These grounds are set out
on pages 18 and 19 of this judgment. We therefore do not need to reproduce them
here. Mr. Tusasirwe counsel for A3 filed a long written submission dealing with
these grounds. He submitted that although the Justices of Appeal took note of their
duty as a first appellate court to re-evaluate the whole evidence on record and
subject it to exhaustive scrutiny and come independently to its own conclusion as
to whether the findings of the trial court can be supported as was stated in }{\
cs35 \b0
\i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Pandya }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \expnd90 \expndtw90 V R}{\cs35 \
b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 [1957] EA 336 }{\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 see }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Ruwala }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \expnd90 \expndtw90 V R}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 [1957] EA 570 and Bogere Moses
& Anor V Uganda SC Cr. Appeal }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0
\loch \f0 No 1 of 1997, they did so as a formality and merely accepted the findings
of the trial judge without scrutinizing the evidence on which those findings were
supposedly based. Counsel submitted that as far as the evidence seeking to prove
that A3 participated in the murder of the deceased of procuring the killers was
concerned, the prosecution evidence was riddled with contradictions and
inconsistencies.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb230 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 He submitted that the
law on contradictions and inconsistencies is well settled. Major contradictions and
inconsistencies will usually result in the evidence of the witnesses being rejected
unless they are satisfactorily explained away. Minor ones, on the other hand, will
only lead to rejection of the evidence if they point to deliberate untruthfulness.
See }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Alfred
Tajar V Uganda EACA Cr. Appeal No.167 of 1969 }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 (unreported) see also }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Sarapio Tinkamalirwe V Uganda Sc.Cr.Appeal
No.27/1989.}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par
}\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Counsel submitted that this
court is therefore bound to scrutinise the evidence and come to its own conclusion.
See }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Henry
Kifamunte V Uganda SC. Cr. Appeal No. 10/97. }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 He submitted that the prosecution evidence that
sought to prove that A3 procured the murder of the deceased was that of PW15,
Mwesige. Edward Luyonga, PW21, Joseph Sunday Baba PW19, SSP Omoding PW18, James
Mboijana PW19, SS P Bivagara, PW20 and Francis Mugenyi, Pw8. He contended that the
Justices of Appeal never scrutinised the conduct of the above witnesses in order to
determine whether A3 procured the murder of the deceased.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb10 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 Mr. Ngolobe D/DPP submitted that the Justices of Appeal
properly re-appraised the whole evidence on record and came to their own
conclusion. On the question of inconsistencies and discrepancies, he submitted that
although PW15 stated that he had withdrawn shs300,000= from the bank, the evidence
showed that shs200,000/= was withdrawn from the bank. However, he contended that
since shs 300,000/= was given out by PWl5, to A3 's visitors, he could have got shs
100,000/= from the office. He submitted that the amount issued was a matter of
details but not substance - which could be due to lapse of time.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360
\slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 We wish to point out that our decision in }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Kifamuntu case (supra) }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 is not authority for the view that we are
bound to scrutinise evidence and come to our own conclusion. In our view, the
Justices of Appeal rightly re-appraised the prosecution evidence along side that of
A3 before making their conclusions on each ground. On contradictions and
inconsistencies, we would refer to the following passage to show that in their
judgment the Justices of Appeal considered contradictions in the evidence of Nkoba,
PW15 and Mwesige and held that:-}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li691 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1
\widctlpar \lin691 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li691 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin691 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li691 \ri0 \sb19 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin691 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 "We do not agree with counsel that the evidence of the two witnesses
destroyed each other or was destroyed by their previous statements on the subject
There were minor discrepancies in their evidence which did not go to the root of
their credibility. There is for example the matter whether the Shs.300,000/= Ernest
Nkoba gave to associates of killers was all from the bank or not There is, however,
evidence that Shs.200,000/= was withdrawn from the bank that day and that
Shs.300,000/= was paid out Whatever the source was, the fact remained that
Shs.300,000/= was paid out to the companions of the killers on the order of A3.
There is also the matter of discrepancy as to how many times Milton Mwesige went to
Rwenkuba Farm on the morning after the murder and whether he returned to Fort
Portal that day or not We think and agree with Mr. Ngolobe that the evidence of
Mwesige on the matter was more detailed than that of Nkoba and the discrepancy is
on details rather than substance. We think that a witness who has given evidence in
court in a convincing manner and is subjected to vigorous cross-examination may be
a credible witness despite the fact that he/she may have previously signed a
different version of the story outside the court The impression the witness makes
on the court overrides other considerations when assessing the credibility of that
witness. We hold, in agreement with the learned trial Judge, that Ernest Nkoba and
Mwesige are credible witnesses and their evidence not only corroborated the
confession of A1 but it also implicated A3."}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb82 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 What the learned Justices of Appeal said in the last nine lines
of the above passage of their judgement suggests that the evidence of a witness in
court which is inconsistent with a statement he/she had previously made should be
preferred to the previous statement. If that is what the learned Justices of Appeal
meant we are unable, with respect to agree with that view. The credibility of a
witness should always
be considered in the light of a previous inconsistent statement he/she has made if
any. Nevertheless, we agree with their conclusion that Ernest Nkoba and Mwesige
appeared to be credible witnesses, and that A1's confession lends support to their
evidence. We think that the Court of Appeal did re-evaluate the evidence touching
on A3's procurement of killers of the deceased. They considered the confession of
A1, the evidence of PW15 and how upon A3's directives, he handed a motor car,
belonging to VOT to A2, to enable the latter to do some work for him. He handed him
money for fuel. Since 21/3/99 the vehicle was found abandoned by A2 outside VOT
offices on 26/3/99 - The learned Justices of Appeal considered the evidence of
Mwesige at length, evidence of Edward Luyonga, PW21, evidence of Mugenyi, PW8 and
A3's conduct and concluded that A3 financed the plan to kill the Prince,
coordinated it and took all the steps to destroy all evidence that could have led
to the discovery of the culprits early enough. Further, we think that the
inconsistencies and contradictions in the evidence of Francis Mugenyi, PW8 and his
Police statement which counsel for A3 raised, were raised for the first time before
this court. They were never raised before either the trial court or the Court of
Appeal. Therefore, the lower courts cannot be criticised as having been in error
for not resolving those contradictions and inconsistencies which were never raised
before them for determination. In the result, this complaint has no merit.
Consequently grounds 2 and 3 must fail.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb226 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 On ground 5, Counsel for A3 submitted that the learned Justices of Appeal did
not properly apply the principles of law relating to circumstantial evidence and in
so doing, they sustained erroneous conclusion reached by the trial judge on the
basis of circumstantial evidence. Counsel submitted that the Justices of Appeal did
not properly apply the principles of law laid down in the case of }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Simon Musoke V R 1958 EA }{\cs22
\i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 775 }{\cs26 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 where the East African Court of Appeal
stated:}{\cs26 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \s68 \qj \fi72 \li686 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
lin686 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \
par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \fi72 \li686 \ri0 \sb38 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin686 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 "In a case depending exclusively an circumstantial evidence, the judge
must find, before deciding upon a conviction, that the inculpatory facts were
incompatible with the innocence of the accused and incapable of explanation upon
any other reasonable hypothesis than that of guilt"}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360
\slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 The counsel submitted that according to the case of }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Teper V R 2 [1952] A C 480 }{\cs19 \b0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 at page 489 which was cited
with approval in the case of }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 Simon Musoke V R (Supra). "It is also necessary, before drawing the
inference of the accused's guilt from circumstantial evidence to be sure that there
are no other co-existing circumstances which would weaken or destroy the
inference."}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par
}\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb230 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 In the instant case
counsel submitted that because Prince Kijanangoma had made many enemies who could
have had motive to kill him and therefore it would not be safe to base A3's
conviction on circumstantial evidence in the instant case. He submitted that the
court must be convinced beyond reasonable doubt that all other possibilities have
been ruled out. He further submitted that according to A1's confession, Prince
Kijanangoma had tried to kill A2 and his brother, George, in an ambush. Why could
they (George and A2) not have been responsible for his death, trying to revenge?}{\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \sb10 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 On the issue of links, counsel
submitted that there was no evidence to corroborate that PW15 gave a vehicle to A2
on instruction of A3. The evidence came only from PW15. If the vehicle had been
given to him by PW15, how could he have abandoned it outside the offices of PW15.
Even on second link, the evidence came from PW15. On giving shs.300,000/= to A3's
visitors, Mwesige does not say he saw money being given to A3's visitors. On the
issue of vehicle 725 UBC disappearing from the roads in Uganda, there was no
evidence that Police looked for it and failed to get it. In conclusion, counsel
submitted that if the link existed after the alleged offence was committed, then
the person is only guilty of accessory after the fact which is much lesser offence
than the actual offence charged.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 Mr. Ngolobe submitted that all the links of circumstantial evidence which the
Court of Appeal accepted proved that A3 participated in the murder of Prince
Kijanangoma.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The following passage
from the judgment of the Court of Appeal shows the care with which the Court
received the evidence against A3.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s65 \qj \li696 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1
\widctlpar \lin696 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s65 \qj \li696 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin696 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s65 \qj \li696 \ri0 \sb139 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin696 \rin0 \tql \tldot \tx3408 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "From the evidence adduced by the prosecution it is
easy to infer that he (A3) had a motive to kill Prince Kijanangoma. The Prince
had become a thorn in his neck, he had published a very serious allegation,
including murder of late King Kaboyo Olimi II and adultery with Queen mother
against A3 and went as far as purporting
to dismiss him from his various jobs/posts within the Kingdom. He was busy
mobilising members of the royal clan of the Kingdom to remove him from the
leadership of the Kingdom. All this, however, does not amount to evidence that A3
planned or masterminded the death of the Prince. He may have wished it but that
is not enough}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
tab }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "}{\cs35 \
b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb182 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 After the above statement
the Justices of Appeal listed 5 links of circumstantial evidence upon which it
concluded that A3 participated in the murder of Prince Kijanangoma.}{\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0
\ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb19 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The first link which the Justices considered was in the
evidence of Ernest Nkoba. PW15, who was then the Manager of Voice of Toro (VOT)
owned by A3. When A2 arrived in Fort Portal a few days before the murder of the
deceased, he reported to PW15 and asked to be allowed to speak to A3 on the office
telephone. After he had spoken to him, A2 handed the receiver of the telephone to
PW15. A3 instructed PW15 on telephone to give a vehicle, fuel and money to A2, as
he wanted him (2) to do some work for him. A2 used the vehicle for some days. When
Prince Kijanagoma was gunned down during the night of 25/3/99, that vehicle was
found abandoned outside the VOT office. A2 was no where to be seen in Fort Portal.}
{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The second link was that on the
morning, following the murder of Prince Kijanagoma, A3 who was in Fort Portal
called PW15 to his house at 7.30 a.m. and gave him two orders}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s70 \ql \fi-725 \
li725 \ri0 \sb269 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin725 \rin0 \tql \
tx725 \itap0 \ls6 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \f0 1.\tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 To get shs.300,000/= from the funds of VOT and give it to his
(A3's) visitors whom he would find at the offices of VOT.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s70 \ql \fi-725 \li725 \
ri0 \sb278 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin725 \rin0 \tql \tx725 \
itap0 \ls6 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
listtext \pard \plain \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \f0 2.\tab }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 To direct his official driver, Milton Mwesige, to take his, A3's, visitors to
his farm at Rwenkuba farm.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb10 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 According to PW15, A3's orders were complied with. From the confession of A1,
the evidence of Mwesige and Nkoba, PW15, we now know A3's visitors were Silver
Muhenda and Bob Smart, the original conspirators in the murder of deceased prince.
From the confession of A1, A1 and Fred were then hiding at Rwenkuba farm after
committing the murders, the previous night.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360
\slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb235 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 The third link relates to the involvement of vehicle No 725 UBC, Toyota
Corolla, the property of VOT, which Mwesige used to take A3's visitors to Rwenkuba
farm on 26/3/99 after the murder of Prince Kijanagoma. These visitors forced
Mwesige to take them to Kampala. On reaching Kampala, one of the visitors grabbed
the vehicle and took it away. When Mwesige reported to A3 on 27/3/99 what appeared
to him to be robbery, A3 calmly told him, }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "if the vehicle is with Silver, then it is Ok." }{\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 He gave shs.50,000/-to
Mwesige for his transport back to Fort Portal by public means. In this connection,
the following is what the Court of Appeal said;}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li720 \ri0 \sb67 \lisb0
\lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin720 \rin0 \tql \tldot \tx3418 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "In our view, A3 must have known
Silver and his group were in Fort Portal. He must have approved the mission and
that explains why he agreed to leave his company vehicle with Silver/Bob for a
while longer after the execution of the Fort Portal mission. It is also
significant to note that on 27/3/99 Mwesige found Kwezi, A2, at A3's home in
Mbuya}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \tab }{\
cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0
\ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \sb10 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 We must say that this can only be an
inference drawn by the majority learned Justices of Appeal from other relevant
evidence. After the above conclusion on the }{\cs16 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \expnd10 \expndtw10 3 }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 rd}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 link, the Justices of Appeal proceeded to deal with the 4}{\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 th}{\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 link and stated:}{\cs19 \b0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s69 \qj \
fi-173 \li720 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin720 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s69 \qj \
fi-173 \li720 \ri0 \sb58 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin720 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \
b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "The fourth link is the
way M/V Reg. No 725 UBC disappeared from Uganda roads a few weeks after the murder
of Prince Kijanangoma. Edward Luyonga PW21, was in 1999 a Manager of Give and Take
Forex Bureau, one of A3's companies in Kampala. As a Manager, he used to drive M/V
Reg No 725 UCB before it was transferred to Voice of Toro in Fort Portal. He used
to live in Bukoto where Give and Take Forex Bureau had a housing estate for its
staff. He lived upstairs of a block where the company's Chief Mechanic Babu Singh,
was resident downstairs. One week after the death of Prince Kijanagoma, he saw the
vehicle being driven by A3's driver, one Kawesa Ramathan. He drove it to the
company's housing estate and handed it to Babu Singh the company mechanic. The
vehicle appeared to have mechanical defect as it had a broken exhaust pipe and was
making a lot of noise. It was parked in one of the garages.}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0
\loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 As the evidence of Luyonga ,PW21, is long, we shall briefly summarise it. His
evidence was that on the following Saturday as he drove to the office, he heard
Radio Simba from his car radio announcing that the same vehicle was wanted by
Police. That the car was used by people who murdered Prince Kijanangoma. When he
reached the office he went back to check whether this was the car in the garage. He
found it was the vehicle Police wanted. He tried to contact A3 on telephone. He
could not get him. He tried to contact Chris Katuruma, he could not get him. At 1
pm he got Chris Katuruma and reported to him. When he finally saw A3 and told him
about the radio announcement, A3 wondered how the car he was using at the time
Kijanangoma was killed be the car the murderers of Kijanangoma used.}{\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0
\ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \sb53 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 A3 contacted the Police at Jinja Road
Police Station. However, at 1 am a vehicle came to Bukoto housing estate of the
Give and Take Forex Bureau. He woke up and through the window, he saw A3 and two
men come out of a Ford Escort car which used to belong to late King Kaboyo. He saw
Babu Singh open the garage. One of the men entered the garage. He heard noise from
the rear of the Ford Escort. He could hear noise from the garage where 725 UBC was
parked. He saw one man squatting and removing the rear number plates from Ford
Escort car. There was security light which enabled him to see what was going on. He
saw A3 pacing about. He saw number plates of Ford Escort removed from the front -
The number plates from the Ford Escort were taken inside. After about an hour, one
man drove the 725 UBC out. A3 entered the vehicle and it was driven out without
lights on. The 3 men drove 725 UBC bearing the number plates of Fort Estate. The
Ford Escort remained outside without number plates.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li730 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin730 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li730 \ri0 \sb235
\lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin730 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 On Sunday, he saw the Ford Escort parked outside without
number plates. At 9,30 am he we went to church. When he returned from the church at
1 pm, he found Ford Escort gone.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb221 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 The Court of Appeal re-appraised the evidence relating to A3's handling of the
suspected vehicle, its connection to the murder and considered the criticism of the
trial judge by Mr. Ayigihugu, counsel for A3, in the Court of Appeal. The Court of
Appeal considered A3's unsworn evidence relating to the suspected vehicle, the
manner A3 took not only to disguise its identity but also to ensure that it totally
disappeared. The majority Justices of Appeal then upheld the decision of the trial
Judge, who believed the evidence of Luyonga, PW21, and rejected that of A3 and
concluded that Luyonga's evidence led to the inevitable conclusion that A3 had
cause to desire the disappearance of M/V 725 UBC in connection with the murder of
Prince Kijanangoma.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 At the time he gave
evidence, Luyonga, PW21, had been dismissed from his employment in Give and Take
Forex Bureau, one of A3's companies. He was owed unpaid salaries about which he had
written in vain. We think that in accepting PW21's evidence regarding how A3
handled the Motor Vehicle 725 UBC, the trial and the majority of the Justices of
Appeal did not show that they took this into account. Nevertheless, we agree with
the conclusion of the majority of Justices of Appeal that PW21's evidence
incriminated A3. We are therefore not persuaded by Mr. Tusasirwe's criticism of the
evidence of PW21 that he over dramatised it. The majority Justices of Appeal linked
A3 to the murder of the deceased because of A3's failure to actively participate in
consoling the royal family and the arrangement for and final burial of the Prince.
With respect, we do not attach much importance on this link. This is speculation
which has no sound basis.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb235 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 Considering the conflicts that existed between certain members of the Toro
royal family, the deceased, including Princess Bagaya, and A3, it would have
required extra courage for A3 to remain and mix comfortably with members of the
royal family. Consequently, we think that his failure to remain in Fort Portal and
be with the bereaved people cannot by itself alone lead to the inference that he
participated in the murder of Prince Kijanangoma. We think that legally he had no
onus to explain why he never remained in Fort Portal and be with the bereaved
people of the Kingdom.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The last link of A3 with the
murder of Prince Kijanangoma which the majority Justices of Appeal found was in the
evidence of Joseph Sunday Babu, PW22. He was a former employee of Give and Take
Forex Bureau and at the time of his testimony in May, 2001, he had been dismissed
from the company. He testified that in early 2001 before his dismissal, he drove
one Chris Katuramu to Luzira Prison to see his brother, A3. He had already done so
before for about eight times. On this occasion, they found there a businessman
called Dembe who also had gone to see A3. This witness heard A3 give instructions
to Dembe and Chris Katuramu to do all they could to see that Babara Ferri, PW7, and
Milton Mwesige disappear and if need be, money should be used to achieve this
objective. That was before the two people gave their evidence at the trial.}{\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \sect }\sectd \sbknone \
pgwsxn11905 \pghsxn16837 \marglsxn1599 \margrsxn1599 \margtsxn1912 \margbsxn1440 \
guttersxn0 \headery720 \footery720 \pgbrdropt0 \sectdefaultcl \endnhere {\footerl \
pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }}{\footerr \pard \plain \s47 \
qr \li2 \ri2 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \lin2 \rin2 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\field {\*\fldinst {\cs20 \fs20 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 }{\cs20 \fs20 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 PAGE}}{\fldrslt {\cs20 \fs20 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 }{\cs20 \fs20 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
lang1024 \langnp1024 \langfe1024
\langfenp1024 31}}}{\cs20 \fs20 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 \
lang1024 \langnp1024 \langfe1024 \langfenp1024 }{\cs20 \fs20 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }}\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \sb223 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 We realised from Sunday Babu, PW22's evidence that he was
dismissed from Give and Take Forex Bureau on 2nd February, 2001. According to his
evidence by the time he was dismissed, he had already visited Luzira Prison with
Chris Katuramu when he heard A3 give out instructions to Dembe and Chris Katuramu
as earlier stated. That was on 2/4/2001 before Ferri Babara, PW7, and Mwesige who
testified in court on 4}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \super1 th}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
April, 2001 and 16}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
super1 th}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 July,
2001 respectively. We respectfully agree with the majority Justices of Appeal that
the reason why A3 wanted the two witnesses to disappear is because they would give
evidence which would incriminate him.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \fi77 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \fi77 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \fi77 \li0 \ri0 \sb10 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 Mr Tusasirwe submitted that in effect the Justices of Appeal
conceded that none of the above pieces of circumstantial evidence conclusively damn
A3. They then take the rather strange route of bundling it all together and then
find that taken as a whole, the scattered incidents some of which are of the
court's own invention, collectively prove the case against A3. He contended that
there was nothing to show that A3 conceived a plan to assassinate the deceased.
There was no proof of him paying a cent to the supposed assassins or even being in
touch with them. There was nothing to show that he coordinated their movements or
even knew of those movements. In other words, there was no scintilla of proof of
procurement. On the available evidence, we are not persuaded by these arguments. We
agree with the Justices of Appeal who held that:}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s65 \qj \li720 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin720 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s65 \qj \li720 \ri0 \sb96 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin720 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 "We would agree that considered in isolation, these incidents
separately do not prove any murder charges against A3. However, considered together
alongside the events that started in Nsambya on Sunday 21}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 st}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 March, 1999 up-to the Thursday 25}{\cs35 \
b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 th}{\cs35 \b0 \
i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 March, 1999 when the
deceased was gunned down and onwards to the day in early April, 1999 when M/v Reg.
No. 725 UBC disappeared and up-to October, 1999 when A3 was arrested, there is no
doubt left in our mind that A3 conceived the plan to kill the Prince, he financed
it, coordinated it and took all the steps to destroy all evidence that could have
led to the discovery of the culprits early enough."}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \sb48 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Therefore ground 5 must fail. The conclusions on ground 5
would really dispose of }{\cs23 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 A3}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 's appeal. We
shall, however, consider briefly the other grounds.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \
sb216 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs23 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Grounds 6 }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 and }{\cs23 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 7 }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
were argued together. Mr. Tusasirwe submitted that the prosecution did not prove
its case against }{\cs23 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 A3
}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 beyond reasonable
doubt. He contended that the evidence for and against }{\cs23 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 A3 }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 through which the connection could only have been implied was
the alleged phone - call by PW15, the payment which he (PW15) clearly did in his
own right; the sending of men, whom PW15 referred to as his, to Rwenkuba farm,
their stay at Rwenkuba farm, }{\cs23 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 A3}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 's
knowledge whereof was never established, their alleged use of a vehicle which they
were given by PW15 himself, their stopping at }{\cs23 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 3}{\cs23 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \super1 rd}{\cs23 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 appellant's Petrol
station in Kampala in his absence, their supposed association with Kwezi who as a
relative had every reason to be in }{\cs23 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 A3}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 's
premises, but who was never shown to have had contact with }{\cs23 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 A3, }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 other than through the statement of PW15.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0
\lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb14 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 Counsel contended that against all logic, the learned trial
judge convicted }{\cs23 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
A3 }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 on the basis of
A1's confession that was seemingly inadmissible as corroborated by PW1 5, a former
prime suspect and an obvious accomplice to the alleged killers and even accepted as
truthful witness like Baba and Mwesige.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 Counsel criticised the Justices of Appeal for having adopted
more or less the same approach the trial judge had taken - by accepting wholesale
the evidence of PW15, Mwesige, Sunday, Mugenyi and Luyonga. The Justices of Appeal
thereafter, found that given their evidence, the 3}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \super1 rd}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 appellant therefore must have had hatred against the Prince
and although many others also hated him, A3 must be the one who killed the Prince.
That being so, his defence must therefore be a lie.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain
\s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sb10 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Finally, he contended that the learned
trial judge made the most disjointed and shocking statement on the whole record,
when he stated:}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par
}\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li720 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin720
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s68 \qj \li720 \ri0 \sb43 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin720 \
rin0 \tql \tlhyph \tx8390 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 "After looking at the evidence as a whole I am left in doubt that the
prosecution have proved their case against the accused beyond reasonable doubt
Since he procured the texts of the Prince he is equally responsible for the death
of the night watchman."}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li725 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin725 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li725 \ri0 \sb226 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin725 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 Last it be thought that the judge meant that he was left in no doubt,
perusal of the original record will show that he was dead serious, yet the first
finding which is actually the logical finding given the evidence, should have had
the result of acquitting the appellant }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360
\slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 We have perused the judgment of the Court of Appeal and nowhere in the judgment
did the court resolve the complaint raised in ground 6. However, we think that
whether the sentence conveys what the judge meant to say or whether it was a
typographical error can be gathered from reading the preceding paragraph to that
sentence and the conclusion of that paragraph.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0
\sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 After the learned trial Judge had considered the evidence of
Luyonga, PW21, regarding radio announcement that M/v Reg. No. 725 UBC was wanted by
police as having been used by people who were suspected to have murdered Prince
Kijanangoma - and how Luyonga (PW21) had seen Kawesa bring that vehicle and pack it
in one of the garages of their company's estate at Bukoto and how Luyonga (PW21)
stated that he later saw A3 supervise the removal of the registration number plates
from that vehicle and replace them with the number plates from Ford Escort car
which used to belong to late King Kaboyo Olimi. This was after midnight on the date
in question. We have already referred to the evidence of PW21, in this judgment.
After he had considered the above evidence, he considered the evidence of Milton
Mwesige who drove the vehicle back from Fort Portal and handed it to Kawesa
Ramathan, the driver of A3. He thereafter considered the evidence of SSP Magoola,
PW22, who stated that at that time, he was stationed at Jinja Road Police Station
and that A3 rang him in connection with the vehicle in question. Thereafter, the
learned trial Judge referred to A3's statement from the dock where he stated:}{\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s65 \qj \li744 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin744 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s65 \qj \
li744 \ri0 \sb91 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin744 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "It is true when an announcement
was made on one of the F.M. Radio station alleging involvement of that vehicle UBC
725 in the murder of Happy Kijanangoma I quickly rang the police because I knew the
person who was using the vehicle and where it was stationed at the time."}{\cs35 \
b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \ql \
li0 \ri0 \sb96 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The learned trial Judge then stated:}
{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s65 \qj \li754 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin754 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s65 \qj \
li754 \ri0 \sb130 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin754 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "This bold assertion of fact
when tested against the background of the evidence of Nkoba, Mwesige and Luyonga
coupled with the fact that the vehicle disappeared from the roads of Uganda, the
message it conveys rings loud and clear. Is it reasonable to suppose that A3 was
not aware of what was going on?'}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb67 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb67 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 After stating that A3 had told a lot of lies and falsehoods in
his dock statement and citing the case of }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Rex V Erunasani Sekono & Another (1947) }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 14 EACA 74 and explaining the
relevancy of the case, he concluded thus:}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s65 \qj \li725 \ri0 \sb158 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin725 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "after looking at the evidence as a whole }{\cs35 \b0 \
i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \ul1 I am left in doubt that
the prosecution have proved their case against the accused (A3) beyond reasonable
doubt}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 " Since he
(A3) procured the death of the Prince he is equally responsible for the death of
the night watchman who was killed in the process of liquidating the Prince. I am in
complete agreement with the assessors that I find him (A3) guilty of the charges on
each count and accordingly convict him as charged"}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \
sb187 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Clearly, the phrase }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "after looking at the evidence as a
whole I am left in doubt" }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 does not convey what the Judge meant to say in view of his reasoning prior
to the phrase and after the phrase/sentence. The phrase that fits and conveys what
the Judge meant to say is: }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \ul1 after looking at the evidence as a whole. I am left in no doubt}
{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 . }{\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 In fact the Judge meant
to say that }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
"after looking at the evidence as a whole, I am left in no doubt that the
prosecution have proved their case against the accused beyond reasonable doubt." }
{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 And in fact that was
his conclusion. Therefore, ground six must fail.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb10 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 We think that the complaint in ground 7 has already been
resolved in the course of resolving ground 6 and when we were discussing ground 5
which dealt with whether or not A3 participated in the murder of the deceased
persons. We shall therefore not go into the matter again. In the result, this
ground fails.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb10 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 On ground 8 of A3's appeal
Mr. Tusasirwe submitted that the law on the need to consider the evidence of both
sides was clearly laid down in }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 Abdu}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb67 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \lang1040 \langnp1040 Ngobi V Uganda S.C. Cr. }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Appeal No.10 of 1991 }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 where this court stated that:}{\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \
qj \li734 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin734 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "Evidence of the prosecution
should be examined and weighed against the evidence of the defence so that a final
decision is not}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \ql \li734 \ri0 \sb10 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin734 \rin0 \tql \tlhyph \tx7397 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 taken until all the evidence has been considered}{\cs35 \
b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \tab }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 the proper}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \
li734 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin734 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 approach is to consider the strength
and weakness of each side, weigh the evidence as a whole, applying the burden of
proof as always resting upon the prosecution and decide whether the defence has
raised a reasonable doubt"}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0
\loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 He submitted that the High Court in the instant case came to its decision
virtually without considering the defence case save to declare him a liar.}{\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \
qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \sb24 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Counsel submitted that the Justices of
Appeal did not improve the matter. In one paragraph, they summarised what appellant
stated in his unsworn statement as follows:}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li730 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin730 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li730 \ri0 \sb38 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin730 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 "The defence of A3 was a total denial of the offence. He said
he was not in the business of killing, because it did not make commercial sense. He
stated that most prosecution witnesses had fabricated evidence against him due to
grudge either being former employees who fell out with him or official (sic) in
Toro Kingdom or who hated him because of his position in the Kingdom."}{\cs35 \b0 \
i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \
qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 It is true that both the trial judge and the
Justices of Appeal never seriously considered the defence of A3, which was a total
denial of the offence. He then stated that most of the prosecution witnesses had
fabricated evidence against him due to grudges either being former employees who
fell out with him in}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar
\lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
sect }\sectd \sbknone \pgwsxn11905 \pghsxn16837 \marglsxn1589 \margrsxn1589 \
margtsxn1395 \margbsxn1440 \guttersxn0 \headery720 \footery720 \pgbrdropt0 \
sectdefaultcl \endnhere {\footerl \pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \
par }}{\footerr \pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }}\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Toro Kingdom or who hated him
because they had been dismissed from employment in his companies.}{\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s41 \qj \li0
\ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s41 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 We wish to reiterate what we stated in }{\cs35 \b0 \
i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Abdu Ngobi V Uganda
(supra) }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 and }{\cs35
\b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Suleiman Katusabe V
Uganda S.C. Cr. Appeal No. 7 of 1991 (unreported) that:}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s41 \qj \li734 \ri0 \
sb10 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin734 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 "Evidence of the prosecution should be
examined and weighed against the evidence of the defence so that final decision is
not taken}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s41 \ql \li734 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
lin734 \rin0 \tql \tlhyph \tx7728 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 until all the evidence has been considered}
{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \tab }{\cs35 \b0
\i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s41 \qj
\li734 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin734 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The proper approach is to consider the
strength and weakness of each side with the evidence as a whole, apply the burden
of proof as always resting upon the prosecution and decide whether the defence has
raised a reasonable doubt in the prosecution case."}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb235 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 We note that in the instant case A3's denial of the
offence was considered against the prosecution evidence and we think that the lower
courts had to determine whether the evidence by prosecution witnesses proved that
despite the denial, and the allegation of grudges the prosecution evidence was
overwhelming.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb14 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 On the evidence of A3's witness,
Rev. Kyalimpa vis-a vis the evidence of Francis Mugenyi, about threats by A3 in the
meeting held at Muchwa, the court never based its decision on the threats of A3. So
failure to address that discrepancy was not fatal.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb230 \lisb0 \lisa0
\sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 The Justices of Appeal never considered specifically the
evidence of Tinkasimire, DW1 about how only Shs.200,000/= was withdrawn from the
bank on the date in question, but that issue of inconsistencies and contradictions
regarding that amount was addressed by both courts and resolved. We have already
dealt with it in this judgment. The defence which A3 raised was that shs.50,000/=
which he gave to Mwesige was not to assist him in his journey back to Fort Portal
after the vehicle was grabbed from him by A3's visitors who had forced him to drive
them to Kampala.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s53 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s53 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb230 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 We think that A3 did
not deny giving Shs.50,000/=. He denied giving money to him because his visitors
had forced him to drive them to Kampala and had thereafter grabbed the vehicle from
him. His defence was that he gave the money on a humanitarian ground because
Mwesige had a sick sister in Kampala.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s53 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s53 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s53 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 We think that when A1's confession is considered together with Nkoba, PW15's
evidence, it becomes clear that Mwesige was forced to drive to Kampala on 26/3/99
by A3's visitors whom he had transported from Fort Portal to Rwenkuba Farm and who
thereafter forced him to take them to Kampala. When Mwesige became stranded he
reported to A3 who gave him Shs.50,000/= for his transport back. We think that
Mwesige's evidence would be preferable to A3's defence.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s53 \qj \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s53 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s53 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb5 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 On the whole, although some of the defence evidence was not
seriously considered, no injustice was caused since the general denial of A3, that
he had nothing to do with murders, was disproved by the prosecution evidence which
the courts below found to be overwhelming and we agree. In the result, ground 8
must fail.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \s53 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
s53 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb230 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 On ground 9 of A3's appeal
Mr. Tusasirwe, counsel submitted that the appellate court like the trial court was
not entitled to put forward theories not canvassed in evidence or counsel's
speeches. See }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
Justine Nankya V Uganda S.C. Cr. Appeal No.24 of 1995 }{\cs26 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 (unreported). }{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Counsel submitted that there were examples
of serious speculation and conjecture on the part of the court and introduction of
factual findings not founded on evidence which prejudiced A3. An example of this,
was the so-called the 5}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \super1 th}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
link which came from its own imagination to the effect that A3 did not assist the
young King in making burial arrangements but instead rushed to Kampala on 26 March
1999 and that he did not remain behind and stay with his bereaved people.}{\cs19 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \
qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \sb221 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 We resolved this complaint when we were
discussing the 5 link of A3's participation in the murder of Prince Kijanagoma. In
any evident, we think that the circumstantial evidence linking A3's participation
in the murders of the deceased persons is so overwhelming that the error complained
of in this ground is not sufficient to alter the finding. In the result, this
ground must fail.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb235 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033
{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Ground 10 of A3's
appeal complained that the Justices of Appeal erred in law and fact when they found
that the trial judge properly addressed the assessors on the law and evidence to
enable them give a sound opinion. Counsel for A3 cited }{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Godfrey Tinkamalirwe V Uganda }{\cs19 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 [1988-1990] HCB 5 where this
court stated that:}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li730 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
lin730 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \
par }\pard \plain \s68 \qj \li730 \ri0 \sb53 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin730 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 "under section 81(1) of the Trial on indictment Decree (TID) the trial
Judge is required at the close of the case of both sides to summarise the law and
the evidence in the case to the assessors. Needless to say, he must do so correctly
and impartially, leaving the assessors free to farm their opinion independently.
The summing up must not leave room for a reasonable man to think that the Judge did
favour one side unfairly at the expense of the other of some people left the Court
thinking that the Judge was biased, they could lose confidence in the Court as a
custodian of justice."}{\cs35 \b0 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 With respect, we think that this ground is not maintainable, because it was not
raised before the Court of Appeal and considered by the Justices of Appeal.
Therefore, it is erroneous to criticise the learned Justices of Appeal as having
erred when the complaint was not raised before them for consideration. In any case,
the learned trial Judge correctly and impartially directed the assessors on the law
and evidence. For instance, on one issue he directed the assessors as follows:-}{\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s74 \qj \li710 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin710 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s74 \qj \
li710 \ri0 \sb235 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin710 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs22 \i1 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The accused, A3, gave a statement
from the dock.. He was fully entitled to do this and no adverse views can be taken
on this. His defence was a general categorical denial of any involvement in the
crime. He dinied any dealing with Kwezi (A2). If you believe the evidence of Ernest
Nkoba (PW15) that Kwezi (A2) talked to A3 on phone from }{\cs22 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \expnd30 \expndtw30 PW15's}{\cs22 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 office and that A3 instructed }{\cs22
\i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \expnd30 \expndtw30 PW15}{\
cs22 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 to give A2 a vehicle
to use on his (A3's) errand, then here, A3 told a calculated and deliberate lie.}{\
cs22 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \
ri0 \sb24 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Clearly, the direction to the
assessors by the learned trial judge left no room for any one to think that the
judge favoured one side unfairly at the expense of the other. In the result, ground
10 must fail.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \sb158 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 For the foregoing
reasons, A3's appeal has no merit. It must fail.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s51 \ql \li0 \ri0 \sb158 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \sect }\sectd \sbknone \pgwsxn11905 \pghsxn16837 \
marglsxn1539 \margrsxn1539 \margtsxn1463 \margbsxn1440 \guttersxn0 \headery720 \
footery720 \pgbrdropt0 \sectdefaultcl \endnhere {\footerl \pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }}{\footerr \pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 \par }}\pard \plain \s51 \qj \li0 \ri0 \sb62 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 In the result, the appeals by all the three appellants must fail. They are
accordingly dismissed.}{\cs19 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 \par }\pard \plain \s60 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \
langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \
par }\pard \plain \s60 \qj \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \
plain \s60 \qc \li0 \ri0 \sb91 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0
\tql \tlhyph \tx4608 \tql \tlhyph \tx7382 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs22 \b1 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Dated at Mengo this 21st day }{\cs22 \b1 \i1 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \expnd30 \expndtw30 of May 2}{\cs22 \
b1 \i1 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 003.}{\cs22 \b1 \i1 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s66 \ql \li0
\ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s66 \ql \li0 \
ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s66 \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 \par }\pard \plain \s66 \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360
\slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs24 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\expnd70 \expndtw70 A.H.O.}{\cs24 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 ODER}{\cs24 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \line }{\cs40 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME
COURT}{\cs40 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \
plain \s66 \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs40 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s66 \
qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs24 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 J. W. N. TSEKOOKO}{\cs24 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \line }{\cs40
\b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME
COURT}{\cs40 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \
plain \s66 \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs40 \
b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s66 \
qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs24 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \expnd70 \expndtw70 A.N.}{\cs24 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 KAROKORA}{\cs24 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \line }{\cs40 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\cs40 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s66 \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs40 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \s66 \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs24 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
PROF. G.W. KANYEIHAMBA }{\cs24 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 \line }{\cs40 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 JUSTICE OF
THE SUPREME COURT}{\cs40 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \s66 \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\
cs40 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
s66 \qc \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \widctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24
\rtlch \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1033 \langfenp1033 {\cs24 \fs24 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \expnd70 \expndtw70 C.M.}{\cs24 \fs24 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 }{\cs24 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \expnd-20 \expndtw-20 KATO}{\cs24 \fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \expnd-20 \expndtw-20 \line }{\cs40 \b0 \fs24 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\cs40 \b0 \
fs24 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }}