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More information can be found here (https://crackalevel.wordpress.com/tips-and-donations-to-crack-a-l evel/) Crack A Level Chemistry Paper 1 Guess Paper for CAIE May/June 2024 INOTICE: All recipients are hereby informed that the distribution of the guess papers provided by Crack A Level is strictly prohibited. Unauthorized sharing, copying, or distribution of these papers is not permitted and may result in legal action. Your cooperation in maintaining the confidentiality of these educational resources is greatly appreciated.A-Level Sea cy ree Which compound contains two different elements with identical oxidation states? A HCIO B Mg(OH), © NaSOx D NH.CI For the element suifur, which pair of ionisation energies has the largest difference between them? A third and fourth ionisation energies B fourth and fifth ionisation energies C fifth and sixth ionisation energies D sixth and seventh ioni tion energies Which ion has both more electrons than protons and more protons than neutrons? [H= |H; D= 7H; O= Go} AD B H;0° c¢ oD D OH Which species contains the smallest number of electrons? A BY B Be* cr D Hetere) ree pea ee Cee mer eg MS Nitric oxide, NO, and bromine vapour react together according to the following equation 2NO(g) + Brig) > 2NOBrig) AH®= -23kJ mol! The reaction has an activation energy of +5.4kJ mol". What is the correct reaction pathway diagram for this reaction? ‘enthalpy JkJ mot" enthalpy (kJ mot* A B c D enthalpy IkJmot" ‘extent of reaction ‘extent of reaction enthalpy /kJmor* extent of reaction extent of reaction Which series shows molecules in order of increasing bond angle? CH, > BF) > NHy H,0 + CO) > BF) NH; > CH, > CO; NH; > CH, > H20 7 What is the volume of steam produced when 1.00g of ice is heated to 323°C at a pressure of 101kPa? A 0.27 dm? B 13dm? © 270m D 48dm*A-Level ree 10 FoR MOA ee gL Solid carbon dioxide, CO>, is similar to solid iodine, I, in its structure and properties. Carbon is in Group 14. Silica, SiQ2, is a Group 14 compound. Which statement about solid CO: and solid SiO, is correct? A. Both solids exist in a lattice structure. B Both solids have a simple molecular structure. © Both solids have atoms joined by single covalent bonds. D Both solids change spontaneously to gas at s.t.p. An article in a science magazine contains the following statement. ‘It is lighter than a feather, stronger than steel, yet incredibly flexible and more conductive than copper.” Which form of carbon is being described? A. buckminsterfullerene B diamond © graphene D graphite Which equation has an enthalpy change of reaction which corresponds to the standard enthalpy change of atomisation of chlorine? A 3CI(9) > Clg) B iCIA{I) + Cig) € Clg) > 2Clg) D Cla(l) + 2Cl(g)fre] See cece ree SE 2 molecular energy distibution curve represents the variation in energy of the molecules of a gas at room temperature. proportion of molecules energy Which curve applies for the same gas at a lower temperature? A B 4 >portion proportion of dlecules molecules o+ - 0 ~ 0 0 energy energy c > 4 >portion proportion of dlecules, motecules ° — o+—= - 0 0 energy energy 12 In which species are the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons all different? A lB B YF Cc HNaw D %Mg**ere) pea ee Cee mer eg ree MEE hat is the most likely shape of a molecule of hydrazine, NoH.? A B c D HoH HoH H H H | 207 | 907] \ Pry 107-1 N—Sn H—n—“n- in I / HOH 4 In which species does the underlined atom have an incomplete outer shell? A ALC. B CH; c CciLO D HCIC+ 15 Which solid contains more than one kind of bonding? A iodine B silicon dioxide © sodium chloride D zinc 16 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. The gas laws can be summarised in the ideal gas equation. pV=nRT 0.969 of oxygen gas is contained in a glass vessel of volume 7000cm’ at a temperature of 30°C. What is the pressure in the vessel? A 1.4kPa B 21kPa C 10.8kPa D 21.6kPa uv Two moles of compound P were placed in a vessel. The vessel was heated and compound P- was partly decomposed to produce Q and R. A dynamic equilibrium between chemicals P, Q and R was established. At equilibrium x moles of R were present and the total number of moles present was (2 + 3). What is the equation for this equilibrium reaction? A P=20+R B 2P20+R C 2=Q+R D 2P=Q+2RCrete Reg MEE 7.2 valuo of the third ionisation energy of aluminium is 2740 ki mor. 19 20 2 Which correctly represents this statement? A Al(g)>AP"g) +3e° AHP = -2740 kor B AI*(g)>Al(g)+e AHP= © Al(g) > AI*(g) +30" AHP = +2740 ks mor D AI*(g) > Al) +e AHP= 42740kJ mor" 2740kJmol Methanol is manufactured by reacting carbon dioxide and hydrogen. CO2(g) + SH:(g) == CH;OH(g) + H20(g) AH = —~49kJ mol" What would increase the equilibrium yield of methanol in this process? A adding a catalyst B adding an excess of steam C increasing the pressure D__ increasing the temperature Which molecule has the largest overall dipole? A B H. CHs CHs \e of om’ A N CH ‘CH, D cl H3C. cl / ATW ‘cl ct ‘CH; The reaction between sulfur dioxide and oxygen is a dynamic equilibrium, 280,(g) + Og) = 2S03(9) What happens when the pressure of the system is increased? A Therate of reaction will decrease and the position of the equilibrium will move to the left. The rate of reaction will decrease and the position of the equilibrium will move to the right. B Therate of reaction will increase and the postion of the equilibrium will move to the lett. D The rate of reaction wil increase and the position of the equilibrium will move to the right.pers Seed SEE carbon monoxide, C;0, is found in dust clouds in space. Analysis of it shows that the sequence 2B 24 25 of atoms in this molecule is C—C—O. All bonds are double bonds and there are no unpaired electrons, How many lone pairs of electrons are present in a molecule of Cz0? Al B2 c 3 D4 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. A student mixed 25cm? of 0.10 moldm-® sodium hydroxide solution with 25cm? of 0.10mol dm hydrochloric acid and noted a temperature rise of 2.5°C, What is the enthalpy change of the reaction per mole of NaOH? A -209kJmor* B -104.5kJmor © -209Jmor" D -522.5Jmor" Which energy change corresponds to the enthalpy change of atomisation of hydrogen at 298K? A. the bond energy of a HH bond B half the bond energy of aH—H bond minus half the bond energy of a H—H bond D__ minus the bond energy of a HH bond Propanone has molecular formula CH,0. The enthalpy change of combustion of hydrogen is -286kJmor The enthalpy change of combustion of carbon is -394 kJ mor”. The enthalpy change of formation of propanone is -254kJ mol”. Using this information, what is the enthalpy change of combustion of propanone? A -2644kJ mor" B -2294kJmol™ © -1786kJ mol" D ~426kJmoreee ee Cea mee SE 52 of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. 27 28 29 Magnesium nitrate, Mg(NOs)2, will decompose when heated to give a white solid and a mixture of gases. One of the gases released is oxygen. 29.7g of anhydrous magnesium nitrate is heated until no further reaction takes place. What mass of oxygen is produced? A 3.29 B 649 © 1289 D 19.29 In which row of the table are all statements comparing the compounds of calcium and barium correct? solubility of solubility of thermal stability of | thermal stability of calcium hydroxide barium hydroxide calcium carbonate barium carbonate A higher lower higher lower B higher lower lower higher c lower higher higher lower D lower higher lower higher Many modem cars are fitted with halogen lamps. When such lamps are first switched on, 2 distinct purple colour can be seen. Which species is responsible for this purple colour? A Xs) B Ill) c L(g) D Ig) The trends in three physical properties of the elements Na, Mg, Al, Si, P and S are shown in the graphs. D0 — o T 0 Na Mg Al Si PS Na Mg Al Si PS Na Mg Al Si PS Which physical proporty is net illustrated? A. atomic radius B electrical conductivity C first ionisation energyere) ree 31 32 33 eee ee Cea mee Which statement about ammonia is completely correct? ‘A Ammonia acts as a nucleophile by accepting a pair of electrons when it reacts with bromoethane. B Ammonia can forma co-ordinate bond with a hydrogen ion to form an ammonium ion. © Ammonia is a base and accepts hydroxide ions. D__ The shepe of the ammonia molecule is pyramidal with bond angles of 109.5°. What happens when bromine solution is added to a solution of sodium iodide? A A reaction occurs without changes in oxidation state. B Bromine atoms are oxidised, iodide ions are reduced. ¢ Bromine atoms are reduced, iodide ions are oxidised. D_ Noreaction occurs. ‘The halogens exist as diatomic molecules, Xz The boiling points of the Group VII elements increase as the group is descended from chlorine to iodine. Which statement helps to explain this increase in boiling point as Group VII is descended? ‘A. The electronegativity of X decreases as the group is descended. B_ The number of electrons in each X2 molecule increases as the group is descended. C The size of the permanent dipole in the Xz molecule increases as the group is descended. D_ The X-X bond strength increases as the group is descended. The compound hex-3-en-1-ol, P, has a strong leafy’ smell of newly cut grass and is used in perfumery. CHsCH.CH=CHCH;CH;OH Pp What Is produced when P Is treated with an excess of hot concentrated acidified KMnO,? A CHsCH,CH(OH)CH(OH)CH.CH;OH B CH;CH,CH=CHCH.CO;H © CH;CH,CHO and OCHCH,CH2OH D CH3CHCO2H and HO»CCH2CO2Hpea ee Cee mer eg SEEM Th.¢ table gives the concentrations and pH values of the aqueous solutions of two compounds, X 35 and Y. Either compound could be an acid or a base. x Y concentration 2moldm* 2moldm* pH 6 9 Student P concluded that X is a strong acid ‘Student Q concluded that the extent of dissociation is lower in X(aq) than in Y(aq). Which of the students are correct? A both PandQ B_ neither P nor Q © Ponly D Qonly ‘Swimming pool water can be kept free of harmful bacteria by adding aqueous sodium chlorate(!), NaOCl. This reacts with water to produce HOC/ molecules which kill bacteria. OCF (aq) + H20 = OH"(aq) + HOCI(aq) In bright sunshine, the OCI” ion is broken down by ultra-violet ight, OCT (aq) + uv light > C-(aq) + 40g) Which method would maintain the highest concentration of HOCI(aq)? A. acidify the pool water B adda solution of chloride ions adda solution of hydroxide ions D bubble air through the waterEEE \/2,.S,0, reacts with dilute HCI to give a pale yellow precipitate. If 1. cm? of 0.1 mol dm? HCI is 37 38 eee ee Cea mee added to 10cm’ of 0.02moldm’* NazS,03 the precipitate forms slowly. If the experiment is repeated with 1 cm® of 0.1moldm™ HC/ and 10cm’ of 0.05moldm” NazS,03 the precipitate forms more quickly. Why is this? A The activation energy of the reaction is lower when 0.05moldm”* Na,S;O3 is used. B The reaction proceeds by a different pathway when 0.05moldm’* Na,S.Os is used. C The collisions between reactant particles are more violent when 0.05 mol dm™* Na2SzO; is used, D The reactant particles collide more frequently when 0.05moldm’* Na,S,Os is used How does concentrated sulfuric acid behave when it reacts with sodium chloride? A as anacid only Bas an acid and oxidising agent € _as.an oxidising agent only D as a reducing agent only X is a salt of one of the halogens chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine (proton number 85). ‘The reaction scheme shows a series of reactions using a solution of X as the starting reagent. HNOxaq) fete 2X28 Of, 2 cobourtess HNOSaq) _an excess of , AgNO,(aq) SPYCPISIS Gite NHyjaq) Solution an excess of HNO,(aq) a precipitate What could X be? A. sodium chloride B sodium bromide C potassium iodide D potassium astatideere) ea eee Ces ree MEE 7.6 percentage of ammonia obtainable, i equilibrium were established during the Haber process, erg is plotted against the operating pressure for two temperatures, 400°C and 500°C. Which diagram correctly represents the two graphs? A 40 % NH, at equilibrium 2° 0 40 20 pressure/10°kPa c 40 % NH, at equilibrium 2° 0, o 40 20 pressure/10°kPa % NH, at equilibrium 9 40. 20 pressure/10°kPa 40 % NH, at 9 equilibrium 2° 9 10 20 pressure/10°kPa 40 Consecutive elements X, Y, Z are in the third period of the Periodic Table. Element Y has the highest first ionisation energy and the lowest melting point. ‘What could be the identities of X, Y and Z? A. aluminium, silicon, phosphorus B__ magnesium, aluminium, silicon silicon, phosphorus, sulfur D sodium, magnesium, aluminiumfre] ree See cece Measurements are made to determine the activation energy, E,, of a reaction. The diagram shows E, on the Boltzmann distribution at temperature 7, number of molecules 0 E, eneray Measurements are then made at a higher temperature, To. Which diagram correctly shows the Boltzmann distribution and Es at 72? A 8 4 number of number of molecules. molecules 0: E, 0 E, energy, energy c Dd number of number of molecules molecules 0 t oF t ~ z 0 E energy energySee ua eee Cer MEE The electrical conductivities of two compounds, Y and Z, are shown 3 45 What are compounds Y and Z? Y Zz A Al203, SiCls B |] Nacr AlO3 c | Nact SiCl, Dd] Sich AlzO3 smallest ——= largest A Na* Mg?* s B Mg? Na* s ec} st Na* Mg? D Mg” Na" forY forZ conductivity of the compound good | does not in the liquid state conduct conductivity of the mixture obtained | good good by adding the compound to water Which row describes the relative sizes of the ionic radii of Na*, Mo” and S*-? The oxides BaO, CaO, MgO and Sr9 all produce alkaline solutions when added to water. Which oxide produces the saturated solution with the highest pH? A Bad B cad © MgO Which row is correct? D sO the temperature needed to ] decompose Group 2 metal nitrates the solubility of Group 2 sulfates A decreases down the group decreases down the group B decreases down the group increases down the group c increases down the group increases down the group D increases down the group decreases down the grouppea ee Cee mer eg MEEEGN hich statement about Group 17 elements and compounds is correct? 7 49 A. Sodium chloride produces chlorine when reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid, B Sodium chloride produces chlorine when reacted with bromine. Sodium bromide produces bromine when reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid. D Sodium bromide produces bromine when reacted with iodine in aqueous potassium iodide. Chlorine is bubbled through 100cm® of hot 4.0moldm™ sodium hydroxide until the reaction is complete. GNaOH(aq) + xClx(aq) > yNaCl(aq) + zNaC1Os(aq) + 3H,0(1) Which row is correct? [Na*](aq) after * reaction/ mol dm” 4.0 less than 4.0 4.0 900 > 2 ow w less than 4.0 Which statement about ammonia or the ammonium ion is correct? ‘A. Ammonia gas is produced when an aqueous solution containing the ammonium ion is reacted with a strong acid. Silver iodide is soluble in @ concentrated aqueous solution of ammonia. The ammonium ion has the same number of electrons as a methane molecule. The square planar ammonium ion contains a dative covalent bond. Sulfur dioxide can be catalytically oxidised by an oxide of nitrogen in the atmosphere Which reaction shows how the catalyst is reformed? A No + 202 = 2NOz B 4NH; + 50, > 4NO + 6H,0 © Nz + 02 > 2NO D NO + 40) > NO,ere) eee ee Cea mee ree MEE separate 1.09 samples of Na,O, MgO, Al,O,, SiOz, NaCl, MgClz, Al2Cls and SiCl, are added to separate beakers containing water and stirred. ‘The number of beakers containing a white solid is Q. ‘An excess of NaOH(aq) is then added to each beaker and stirred ‘The number of beakers now containing a white solid is R. Which row is correct? Q ou > Bow n|D 3 3 4 oi 4 51 For a particular reversible reaction the backward reaction is endothermic. ‘The activation energy of the backward reaction is 160kJ mol ' It can be assumed that the backward reaction proceeds by a mechanism that is the exact reverse of the mechanism for the forward reaction Which statement about the activation energy of the forward reaction is correct? The activation energy of the forward reaction is equal to -160kJ mol" The activation energy of the forward reaction is 0 kJ mol ' but less than +160 kJ mol’ The activation eneray of the forward reaction is equal to +160k/mor* oon > The activation energy of the forward reaction is greater than +160kJ mol”. 52 HCN has been detected in interstellar gas. The molecules below have also been detected in interstellar gas, Which molecule contains the same total number of valence shell (outer shell) electrons as HCN? A HNO B NH, ¢ NO D PNSEE + ,¢ diagram shows the Boltzmann distribution of the energy of gaseous molecules at a particular eee ee Cea mee temperature. proportion of molecules with energy E molecular energy E Which statement is correct? A B c D If the temperature of the gas is raised, the height of the maximum of the curve increases. If the temperature of the gas is raised, the maximum of the curve moves to the right. The length of the line labelled X shows the activation energy for the reaction. The length of the line labelled Y shows the enthalpy change of the reaction. 54 The elements magnesium and phosphorus are reacted separately with an excess of oxygen to form their oxides. Each oxide is then added separately to water anc the pH values of the resulting solutions are measured. ‘The same two elements are reacted separately with an excess of chlorine to form their chlorides. Each chloride is then added separately to water and the pH values of the resulting solutions are measured. Which row is correct? oxide giving chloride giving the higher pH the higher pH magnesium magnesium magnesium phosphorus, phosphorus magnesium phosphorus phosphorusere Preece me LY ee corey SE ual volumes of saturated solutions of magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and strontium hydroxide are completely neutralised with dilute sulfuric acid. ‘The water is gently evaporated from each of the resulting solutions, leaving the corresponding solid sulfates. These solid sulfates are completely dissolved in the minimum volume of water needed to produce saturated solutions. Which statement about the volumes of water needed to dissolve the sulfates is correct? A The calcium sulfate will require the greatest volume of water. B_ The magnesium sulfate will require the greatest volume of water. © The strontium sulfate will require the greatest volume of water. D They will all require the same volume of water. 36 Which statement about the halogens is correct? lodine cannot behave as an oxidising agent. B The volatility of the elements increases from chlorine to iodine because of the increase in molecular size down the group. © When an equimolar mixture of chlorine and hydrogen is exploded, only one product is formed. D When concentrated suifuric acid is added to solid sodium bromide, hydrogen sulfide is one of the products. 57 When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sodium bromide, bromine gas is produced, along vith a number of other products. However, when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sodium chloride, only hydrogen chloride and sodium hydrogensulfate are produced. ‘What is the reason for this difference? Bromine is less volatile than chlorine. Hydrochloric acid is a weak acid. Sulfuric acid is not an oxidising agent. oom > The bromide ion is a stronger reducing agent than the chloride ion.pers ree Crete Reg MN ich statement about the oxides of nitrogen is correct? 59 60 61 ‘A. During lightning storms, atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen combine to form oxides of nitrogen. B__ Ina catalytic converter, nitrogen monoxide is removed by reaction with carbon dioxide. In-car engines, the restricted supply of oxygen eliminates the possibilty of the formation of oxides of nitrogen. D Inthe atmosphere, nitrogen monoxide reacts with sulfur dioxide to produce sulfur trioxide. Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism should be con: fered when answering this question. 2-bromopentane is heated with an excess of ethanolic sodium hydroxide. How many different hydrocarbons are produced? Al B2 c3 D4 Which compound is a secondary alcohol that can be dehydrated to form an alkene with /V, g D “trace cela When bromoethane reacts with hot ethanolic sodium hydroxide a colourless gas is formed. This gas decolourises aqueous bromine. What is the colourless gas? A 1,2-dibromoethane B_ ethanol © ethene D__ hydrogen bromideere) eee ee Cea mee corey EE fk nes are hydrocarbons that contain one triple C=C bond. Like alkenes, alkynes take part in addition reactions. A saturated compound can be formed. For example, ethyne, H-C=C-H, reacts with an excess of hydrogen to form ethane. Propyne, CzH,, undergoes an addition reaction with an excess of hydrogen bromide in two stages. Markovnikov's rule applies to the addition of HBr at each stage. What is the main product obtained when propyne reacts with an excess of hydrogen bromide? A CH,BrCH,CH,8r B CH,CH,CHBr, © CH,CHBrCH,Br CH,CBr,CH, 63 Bromine reacts with alkenes by an electrophilic addition mechanism in which a cation is formed as an intermediate Which mixture will produce the most stable intermediate cation? 3,3-dimethylpent--ene + bromine ethene + bromine € methylpropene + bromine D__ propene + bromine 64 — Halogenoalkanes react with hot ethanolic potassium cyanide. The reaction mechanism is either Sy1 or Sy2. Which statement is correct? A All secondary halogenoalkanes react by the Sy2 mechanism only. B Both the halogenoalkane and the cyanide ion are involved in the initial step of the Syi mechanism. Chloroethane reacts with cyanide ions by the Sy1 mechanism only. The Sq2 mechanism involves a shortlived negatively charged transition state.pers ree 7 See cece Ld MM and Z are three isomeric alcohols. 66 X — CHyCH,CH,CH,CH,OH Y — CH,CH,CH(OH)CH,CH, Z — (CH,),C(OH)CH,CH, Separate samples of each alcchol are warmed with a mild oxidising agent and the results noted. One of these alcohols, when dehydrated, will give a pair of cis-trans isomers with molecular formula CoHto Which row is correct? reacts with mild gives cis/trans oxidising reagents isomers A X,Y and Z Y only B x, Y and Z, Zonly c X and Y only Y only D X and Y only Zonly Compound G gives a pale yellow precipitate with alkaline I,(aq). What could be compound G2 A. pentan-1-o1 B pentan-2-0l © pentan-3-ol D 2-methylpentan-2-ol68 69 pea ee Cee mer eg What is the correct structure of the intermediate ion formed, and what is the next step in this mechanism? A B c D 4 co” HCN H Len Ho” HON Lon “ ; ; Hoo ; ' Hoon ; ; “ow 1" HOG HG Hoc I | | N N N Which compound reacts with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent but does not react with Tollens’ reagent? A CH,COCO,H B CH,CH(OH)CHO: © CH,COCHO D CH,CH(OH)CH, Compound X has stereoisomers and forms a precipitate when warmed with Fehling’s reagent. What could be the structure of compound X? B c D °See cece Ld SEE Which reaction will form propanoic acid? A acidic hydrolysis of propyl ethanoate B alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl propanoate C acidic hydrolysis of propanenitrile D acidic hydrolysis of ethanenitrile 71 Lactide is an intermediate in the manufacture of a synthetic fibre. lactide OL of *o’ Which compound, on heating with an acid catalyst, can produce lactide? A hydroxyethanoic acid B_ 2-hydroxybutanoic acid € 2-hydroxypropanoic acid D 3-hydroxypropanoic acid 72 The diagram shows the relative abundance of different isotopes of lead in a sample of lead ore. ‘The abundance of 208 is half that of 206. The abundances of 208 and 209 are equal. 100 75 % abundance 206 207 208 209 4.See cece Ld SE F< naturally-occurring molecule civetone is found in a gland of the African civat cat and has been used in perfumery. 2% (2 Hc CA, CH. ig civetone Which reagent will not react with civetone? ‘A 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent B_ Fehling’s reagent hydrogen bromide D sodium tetrahydridoborate(III), NaBH, 74 — Compound X, CsH:0, is oxidised by acidified sodium dichromate(V1) to compound Y. Compound Y reacts with butan-2-0l in the presence of a little concentrated sulfuric acid to give liquid Z. What could be the formula of Z? A CHa(CHp)sCO2CH(CHs)CH:CH: BCHs(CH,)sCO2(CH2)sCHs © CHs(CHp),CO2CH(CHs)CH;CHy DD (CHs),CHCH-CO,C(CHs)sere) See cece Ld ree SEE )K.anc X has molecular formula CsHro X reacts with C1,(g) in the presence of sunlight to produce only two different monochloroalkanes, CiHsCL Both of these monochloroalkanes produce the same alkene Y, and no other organic products, when they are treated with hot ethanolic KOH. What is produced when Y is treated with hot concentrated acidified KMnO.? A CO; and CH.CH,CO.H B CO, and CHsCOCH; © HCO.H and CHs;COCH; D_ CHsCOH only 76 — The compound aspartame is widely used as a sweetener in ‘diet’ soft drinks. CH, oO 9° ea CoH, O NH, aspartame Aspartame is chiral. (There are no chiral carbon atoms in Ges.) How many chiral carbon atoms are present ina molecule of aspartame? At B2 ie U3 D4pea ee Cee mer eg MEE tertiary bromoalkane, indicated here by [C-Br, reacts with aqueous NaOH. The mechanism 7B has the reaction pathway below. energy | 50-Br+ 0H extent of reaction Which point in the diagram is correctly identified? A Xis C+ \Z ~ B_ Xis|HO °F Br © Yis>C+ Four drops of 1-chlorobutane, 1-bromobutane and 1-iodobutane were put separately into three test-tubes containing 1.0.cm® of aqueous silver nitrate at 60°C. In each case, a hydrolysis reaction occurred. R represents the butane chain C.Hy and X the halogen atom. H:0() + R-X(l) + Ag'(aq) >» R-OH(aq) + AgX(s) + Haq) The rate of formation of cloudiness in the test-tubes was in the order RCI < RBr < RI Why is this? A The bond energy of R-X decreases from RC/ to RI. B The first ionisation energy of the halogen decreases from Cito I © The solubility of AgX(s) decreases from AgCI to Agl. D_ The R-X bond polarity decreases from RCI to RI.80 pea ee Cee mer eg OH H—C—CH,CO,H COM malic acid Under suitable conditions, which substance will react with only one of the -OH groups in the malic acid molecule? A B c D Cr207/H"(aq) Na(s) NaOH(aq) PCIs(s) Compound X contains three carbon atoms. Part of @ simplified infra-red spectrum of compound X is shown, 100: transmittance 504 4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 wavenumber/cm* Which compound could be X? oom > CH;CH;:CHO. CHsCH;CO2H CHsCH;CH,OH CHsCO;CHsSee ua eee Cer I «infra-red spectrum of an organic compound is shown, 22 83 100: transmittanco % 504 4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 wavenumber/om~ Which compound could give this spectrum? > CHsCH;CO.H CH.CH(OH)CHs CH.COCH; CH.COCH;OH oo Which row gives mixtures that both result in the oxidation of a halide ion? mixture 2 mixture 1 A | AgNOs(aq) and NaCi(aq) B | Br(aq) and NaCi(aq) | — Clo(eq) and NaBr(aq) D Br(aq) and Nal(aq) concentrated H»SO,(aq) and HI(aq) concentrated HaSO,(aq) and HCI(aq) CHsCHBYCH;(I) + NaOH (ethanolic) concentrated H.SO,(aq) and NaBr(s) Chlorine gas is widely used to treat contaminated water. 500 When chlorine is added to water, which chemical species present is responsible for killing bacteria? A ClOy B ocr c HCL D CIO”ere) pea ee Cee mer eg ree SEE 21 is an environmental consequence of the uncontrolled use of nitrate fertilisers? A acid rain Blow oxygen levels in streams © ozone depletion D the greenhouse effect 85 X and Y are atoms of different elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Neither X nor Y is argon. X is a non-metal. X has a greater atomic radius than Y. Which statement is correct? > X has more occupied electron shells than Y. X has more protons in each atom than Y. ° X has the same number of outer elecirons in each aiom as Y. Y is a non-metal 86 Four mixtures are added to four separate 50 cm® samples of water and stirred. Which mixture results in a solution with the highest pH? A 1.0g of aluminium oxide and 1.0g of aluminium chloride B 1.09 of magnesium oxide and 1.09 of magnesium chloride © 1.09 of phosphorus oxide and 1.09 of phosphorus chloride D 1.09 of silicon dioxide and 1.09 of silicon chloride 87 What happens when a piece of magnesium ribbon is placed in cold water? A Avigorous effervescence occurs. Bubbles of gas form slowly on the magnesium. B © The magnesium floats on the surface of the water and reacts quickly. D__Themagnesium glows and a white solid is produced.Se Peace eames Ne ~ table gives some data for compounds of two elements from Group 2 of the Periodic Table decomposition solubility of sulfate | solubility of hydroxide element temperature of in mol/ 100g in mol/100g carbonate / °C of water of water calcium 840 4.66 x 10° 1.53 x 10° Zz ? ? 2.00 x 10° What is the missing data for element Z? decomposition | solubility of sulfate temperature of | in mol/100g carbonate/ °C of water A 350 1.83 x 10" B 350 7.11 x 10° c 1100 1.83 x 107 D 1100 | 7.11 10% 89 Qis a mixture of two compounds of Group 2 elements. Q undergoes thermal decomposition to produce a white solid and only two gaseous products. One of the gaseous products relights a glowing splint. What could be the components of mixture Q? A MgCl, and Caco, B_ MgCO, and Ca(NO,), © Mg(NO,), and Ca(NO,), D MgO and CaO 30 Iodine has a higher meting point than chiorine. What is the reason for this? A Iodine has stronger covalent bonds than chiorine. B _lodine molecules have stronger permanent dipoles than chlorine molecules. _ lodine is more volatile than chlorine. D lodine has stronger instantaneous dipole—induced dipole forces than chlorine.ere corey SE 27 concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sodium chloride, HC! is formed but not Ci,. 92 93 Se ee eee eV When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sodium iodide, I, is formed. Which statement explains these observations? A Sulfuric acid is an oxidising agent and chloride ions are more easily oxidised than lodide ions. B Sulfuric acid is an oxidising agent and iodide ions are more easily oxidised than chloride ions. € Sulfuricacid is a reducing agent and chloride ions are more easily reduced than iodide ions. D Sulfuric acid is a reducing agent and iodide ions are more easily reduced than chloride ions. NaOH{(aa) is added to NH,Ci(aq). The mixture is warmed. The gas that is produced turns damp red litmus paper blue. Which row is correct? behaviour of the ammonium | behaviour of the water present ion in NH,Cl ‘on the litmus paper A Bronsted-Lowry acid Bronsted-Lowry base B Bronsted—Lowry acid Bronsted—Lowry acid c Bronsted—Lowry base Bronsted-Lowry acid D Bronsted-Lowry base Bronsted-Lowry base Bromocresol green is an acid-base indicator. Below a pH of 3.8 itis yellow. Above a pH of 5.4 it is blue. Between these values itis green. Bromocresol green is added to the aqueous solution formed when the chloride of element T is added to water. The colour becomes yellow. When an excess of the solid oxide of element U is slowly added to this yellow solution, the indicator turns green then blue. Which row could identify element T and element U? element T element U A silicon ‘sodium 5 silicon phosphorus c | magnesium sodium D | magnesium phosphorus.er) eee ee Cea mee corey SEE Which row correctly describes the separate reactions of calcium and strontium with water? substance reduced substance oxidised | more vigorous reaction A calcium or strontium water calcium + water B calcium or strontium water ‘strontium + water c water calcium or strontium calcium + water D water calcium or strontium strontium + water 35 Land Mare both compounds of Group 2 elements. Land Mare both soluble in water. When solutions of L and M are mixed, a white precipitate is formed. What could be L and M? A. barium chloride and magnesium sulfate B barium sulfate and magnesium chloride barium nitrate and magnesium chloride D__ barium carbonate and magnesium nitrate 96 A5.00g sample of an anhydrous Group 2 metal nitrate loses 3.29g in mass when heated strongly. Which metal is present? ‘A magnesium B calcium C strontium D barium 37 In this question, Q represents an atom of chlorine, bromine or iodine. Which explanation for the variation in volatility down Group 17 is correct? Instantaneous dipoleinduced dipole forces between molecules become stronger. Permanent dipole-permanent dipole forces between molecules become stronger. The bond eneray of the Q, molecules decreases. com> The first ionisation energy Q(g) — Q"{g) + &” decreases.ere) pea ee Cee mer eg ree MN rich statement atout the halogens or halide ions is correct? A Bromide ions react to form a white precipitate when added to silver nitrate solution. B Bromine does not oxidise chloride ions when added to sodium chloride solution. © Fluorine atoms form cations by accepting electrons when they react. D Chloride ions are stronger reducing agents than iodide ions. 39 if ammonium cyanate is heated in the absence of air, the only product of the reaction is urea, CO(NH,),. No other products are formed in the reaction. What is the formula of the cyanate ion present in ammonium cyanate? A CONS B CON © OcN™ D ocN> 100 Hexamine is a crystalline solid used as a fuel in portable stoves. ‘The diagram shows its skeletal structure. cy Doan What is the empirical formula of hexamine? A CH. B C,HN, © CH N, D CHiN,