MODULE 1

MOBILE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION

2 MARKS
1.Define mobile computing and distinguish it from wireless networking.
Mobile computing refers to using portable devices like smartphones and tablets for accessing
and processing information on the go. Wireless networking involves the connection of
devices without physical cables. While mobile computing focuses on the use of portable
devices, wireless networking is about the communication between devices without the need
for wires.

2. Enumerate the application of mobile computing in real world scenario.

● Navigation Apps
● Social media
● Online Shopping
● Health Tracking
● Education Apps

3. State the significant of universal mobile telecommunication system.

UMTS is crucial for global mobile communication, offering high-speed data transfer,
multimedia services, and improved voice quality. As a standard for 3G, it drives innovation,
economic growth, and technological evolution. UMTS's efficient spectrum use and role in
mobile broadband make it a cornerstone in the ever-evolving landscape of wireless
connectivity.

4. compare the characteristic of mobile computing with traditional computing

5.state any two protocols in MAC in ensuring efficient communication of wireless network.
1. CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance):
 ●CSMA/CA is a protocol used to manage access to the wireless medium by
allowing devices to sense the channel before transmitting data. This helps
avoid collisions and ensures a more efficient use of the wireless spectrum.
2. TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access):
● TDMA is a protocol that divides the communication channel into time slots,
allowing multiple devices to share the same frequency without interference.
Each device is allocated a specific time slot, enabling efficient and organized
communication in wireless networks.

6. Analyse the impact of mobile computing on modern business practice.

Mobile computing has revolutionized modern business by enabling on-the-go access
to information, enhancing communication, and supporting remote work. It improves
efficiency, collaboration, and responsiveness, transforming how businesses operate and
interact with clients and employees.

7. find out the characteristic while device can thus exhibit during communication
1. Reliability: The ability to consistently transmit and receive data without errors.
2. Speed: The rate at which data is transmitted, impacting the efficiency of
communication.
3. Security: Ensuring data privacy and protection from unauthorized access.
4. Error Handling: The device's ability to detect and correct errors during
communication, ensuring data accuracy.
5.Efficiency: Optimizing resource use to transmit data quickly and effectively.

9. categorize the limitation of mobile computing.

● Battery Life
● Processing Power
● Limited Storage
● Small screen size
● Security Concerns
● Privacy Concern
● Data Transfer Speed

8. mention some disadvantages of WLANS.

1. Limited Range:
● WLAN signals have a limited range, and their effectiveness decreases with
distance from the access point.
2. Interference:
● Interference from other electronic devices or neighboring networks can disrupt
WLAN signals, leading to performance issues.
3. Security Concerns:
● WLANs may be susceptible to unauthorized access if not properly secured,
risking data breaches and unauthorized use.
4. Cost of Implementation:
● Setting up WLAN infrastructure can be expensive, involving costs for access points,
routers, and security measures.
5. Power Consumption:
● Wireless devices consume more power when connected to WLANs, affecting battery
life in mobile devices.
10. State the different types of mobility.
1. Geographic Mobility
2. User Mobility
3. Service Mobility
4. Device Mobility
5. Network Mobility
6. Application Mobility
7. Virtual Machine Mobility
8. Data Mobility
9. Job Mobility
10. Social Mobility

8 MARKS

19. components of wireless communication system

A wireless communication system comprises several key components that work together to
transmit and receive data or information without the need for physical wires. These components
facilitate the wireless exchange of information between devices. Here are the main components:

1. Transmitter: The transmitter is responsible for encoding and modulating the

information or data into electromagnetic signals suitable for wireless
transmission. It converts the information into radio frequency (RF) signals
before transmitting them through an antenna.
2. Receiver: The receiver is designed to capture and process the transmitted
signals. It includes an antenna to receive the electromagnetic waves and a
demodulator that decodes and demodulates the received signals back into the
original form of information or data.
3. Antenna: Antennas are crucial components used for both transmission and
reception of electromagnetic waves. They convert electrical signals into
electromagnetic waves for transmission and capture incoming electromagnetic
waves to convert them back into electrical signals for reception.
4. Propagation Medium: The wireless signal travels through a medium, such as
air or space, to reach the receiver. Various factors like distance, obstacles,
interference, and environmental conditions can affect signal propagation.
5. Channel: The channel refers to the specific frequency band or portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum used for transmitting the signals. Different wireless
communication systems operate on distinct frequency bands to avoid
interference and ensure efficient transmission.
6. Modulation and Demodulation Circuitry: Modulation is the process of
modifying the characteristics of the carrier signal in accordance with the
information being transmitted. Demodulation reverses this process at the
receiver end to recover the original information from the received signals.
7. Signal Processing Components: These components involve various
processing techniques to enhance the quality and reliability of transmitted
signals. This includes error correction coding, signal amplification, filtering,
and signal enhancement methods.
8. Protocols and Standards: Wireless communication systems follow specific
protocols and standards to ensure compatibility, security, and efficient data
 exchange between devices. Examples include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GSM, LTE,
and other wireless communication protocols.
9. Power Source: Devices in a wireless communication system require a power
source to operate, whether it's a battery, AC power, or other means of power
supply.
These components work together in a wireless communication system to enable the transmission
and reception of data or information over the air, allowing seamless communication between
devices without the need for physical connections.

20.Classify the wireless communication .

Wireless communication systems can be classified based on various criteria. Here are some
common classifications:
1. Based on Range:
● Short-Range: Bluetooth, NFC
● Medium-Range: Wi-Fi
● Long-Range: Cellular networks, Satellite communication
2. Based on Coverage:
● Personal Area Network (PAN): Bluetooth, Zigbee
● Local Area Network (LAN): Wi-Fi
● Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): WiMAX
● Wide Area Network (WAN): Cellular networks, Satellite communication
3. Based on Communication Mode:
● Simplex: One-way communication (e.g., radio broadcast)
● Duplex: Two-way communication (e.g., mobile phones)
● Half-Duplex: Communication in both directions but not simultaneously (e.g.,
walkie-talkies)
4. Based on Frequency Band:
● Very High Frequency (VHF)
● Ultra High Frequency (UHF)
● Microwave
● Millimeter-wave
5. Based on Application:
● Mobile Communication: Cellular networks, 5G
● Wireless LAN: Wi-Fi
● Satellite Communication: GPS, satellite TV
● IoT Communication: Zigbee, LoRa
6. Based on Topology:
● Point-to-Point: Direct communication between two devices (e.g., Bluetooth)
● Point-to-Multipoint: Communication from one point to multiple points (e.g.,
Wi-Fi)
● Mesh Network: Interconnected devices forming a network (e.g., sensor
networks)
7. Based on Transmission Technique:
● Analog Wireless Communication: AM/FM radio
● Digital Wireless Communication: Cellular networks, Wi-Fi
These classifications help organize the diverse wireless communication systems based on
their characteristics and applications.

23. what are the Key constraint of mobile computing.

 1. Limited Processing Power:
● Mobile devices typically have less processing power compared to desktop
computers, affecting their ability to handle resource-intensive tasks.
2. Limited Storage Capacity:
● Mobile devices often have limited onboard storage, requiring efficient
management of data and reliance on cloud storage.
3. Battery Life:
● Mobile devices are constrained by battery capacity, necessitating frequent
recharging and impacting the duration of usage.
4. Small Screen Size:
● The smaller screen size on mobile devices may affect user experience,
particularly for tasks that require extensive visual interaction.
5. Network Dependence:
● Mobile computing heavily relies on network availability. Poor connectivity
can limit functionality and access to online services.
6. Security Concerns:
● Mobile devices are susceptible to security threats, including data breaches,
malware, and unauthorized access.
7. Compatibility Issues:
● Compatibility challenges may arise, as not all software or applications are
universally compatible with different mobile devices and operating systems.
8. Limited Input Options:
● Mobile devices may lack physical keyboards and mice, influencing input
methods and potentially limiting certain applications.
9. Data Transfer Speed:
● Wireless data transfer may be slower compared to wired connections,
affecting download and upload speeds.
10. Multitasking Challenges:
● Due to resource constraints, multitasking on mobile devices may be limited
compared to desktop computers.

24. the mobile computing and characteristic of mobile computing .

Mobile Computing Summary: Mobile computing refers to the use of portable devices, such
as smartphones and tablets, for accessing and processing information while on the move. It
involves wireless communication technologies and has become integral in various aspects of
daily life, offering flexibility and convenience.
Characteristics of Mobile Computing:
1. Portability: Devices are compact and easily carried.
2. Wireless Connectivity: Utilizes wireless networks for communication.
3. Limited Processing Power: Generally has less computational capability than
desktops.
4. Battery Dependence: Relies on limited battery life for power.
5. Small Screen Size: Devices often have smaller displays.
6. Location Sensing: Can leverage GPS for location-based services.
7. Data Transfer: Uses wireless data transfer technologies.
8. Multitasking: Limited compared to desktops due to resource constraints.
9. Application Diversity: Supports various mobile applications.
10. Network Dependence: Relies on network availability for functionality.