CADANGAN MEMBINA SEBUAH RUMAH SETINGKAT JENIS KEKAL,

DI ATAS LOT 3013, MUKIM MASJID TANAH, DAERAH ALOR

GAJAH, MELAKA.

UNTUK
AZIZAN BIN MUSTAFA @ JAAFAR

KIRAAN REKABENTUK & LUKISAN STRUKTUR

PROJECT : CADANGAN MEMBINA SEBUAH RUMAH SETINGKAT JENIS KEKAL, DI

ATAS LOT 3013, MUKIM MASJID TANAH, DAERAH ALOR GAJAH, MELAKA
UNTUK : AZIZAN BIN MUSTAFA @ JAAFAR
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL
This report summarizes design criteria, assumption and approach, for Structural and Civil
engineering. The values have been established as being the most appropriate for this
project, giving all the objective of the consideration and constraints associated with the
project. The primary objective of this report is to define a clear and feasible design
approach with all design parameter well defined.

2.0 DESIGN CRITERIA

2.1 CODES OF PRACTICE:

The building shall be designed in accordance with the design requirements of relevant
government gazettes and relevant British Codes. The structural design of building s will
therefore to be documented in accordance with the following codes, as applicable:
i) Government gazette – Uniformly building by Law
ii) British Standards BS 8110- Structural use of concrete
iii) British Standards BS 5950- Structural use of Steelwork in Building
iv) BS 6369 – Design Loading for buildings parts 1 Codes of Practice for dead load
imposed loads.
v) CP3 Chapter V – Basic Data for Design of building parts 2 wind load
vi) BS 8004 – Foundations
vii) BS 8007 – Codes Of practice for Design Of concrete Structures for Retaining
Aqueous Liquids.
viii) BS 5628 – Use of Masonry.
ix) In addition specific references to other establish codes including Malaysian
Standards (MS), NBC (National Building Code of Canada), New Zealand codes,
Australian codes, American Concrete Institute Code 318M-89, Uniform Building
Code (UBC-91) can be made necessary provided, of course, that consistency and
compatibility of design methodology is achieved.

2.2 SERVICES LOADS: (BS 6369 or relevant Standards)

2.2.1 Vertical Loads,
The following superimposed live load and dead loads (in addition to self weight
of members) will be adopted for the design if various floors.
2.2.1.1 Superimposed Live Load
Accessible Roof 0.75 kPa

2.2.1.2 Superimposed Dead Loads

Insulation and lamps 0.15 kN/m2

SW purlin 0.05 kN/m2
 SW trusses 0.1 kN/m2
Roof Tiles 1.0 kN/m2
Brickworks 2.68kN/m2

2.2.2 LATERAL LOADS

2.2.2.1 Wind Load
Wind load are normally not governing load for such low-rise building,
and can be taken as 0.50 kPa.
Basic Winds Velocity (m/sec) = 33 m/s

2.3 MATERIAL GRADE

Fcu ( cube Strength) = 30 N/mm2

Fy = 460 N/mm2 (high tensile Deformed Bars)

Fyv = 250 N/mm2 (Mild Steel Plain Bars)
Wc = 24 N/mm2 (density of Concrete)
Mild steel, fy = 275 N/mm2
Bolt & Nuts = Grade 4.6
Weld Strength,pw = 215 N/mm2

2.4 FOUNDATIONS
The Minimum safe bearing capacities (kN/m2) of the foundation material, adopted for
footing designs are as follow:

Pad footing - 100 kN/m2

Strip footing -
Raft Slabs -
Piles/Piers - None

2.5 FIRE RESISTANCE

Workshop = 1.5 Hours

3.0 ANALYSES AND REPORT

The modeling and analyze are done using computer aided engineering ESTEEM INTEGRATED V6.
The analysis of the structure per various loads and combination for member’s design and beam’s
deflection check under operational condition as shown in attached output file. The section and design
construction is satisfactory.

BEAM MARK: GB4

DESIGN THE SUPPORT MOMENT FOR MOST CRITICAL LIVE LOAD PATTERN
Beam Mark: gb4(150x450)

GENERAL AND DIMENSION DATA

Beam Located along grid E/3-5
Number of Span within beam = 2
Number of Section defined by user = 2
Number of Supports = 2
Beam Cantilever End = Left

Section Dimension Data

Length Width Begin Depth End Depth
Span Section
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1 1 1275 150 450 450
2 2 2400 150 450 450

Beam Support Data

Support Type Shape/Orientation Dimensions/Material Properties
1 Column Rectangular Area = 45000.0 mm², Height = 3300 mm
2 Column Rectangular Area = 45000.0 mm², Height = 3300 mm

BEAM LOADING DATA

Beam Self-Weight
Section Begin Dist. End Dist. Unit DL LL
1 -75.0 1200.0 kN 2.1 0
2 1200.0 3600.0 kN 3.9 0

Beam FEM Loading

Beam Span Length Unit DL LL
gb4(150x4
3600.0 kN 0.0 0.0
50)

Beam External Loading

No. Type Start End Unit DL LL
1 IBeams 0.0 0.0 kN 1.84 0.00

BEAM DESIGN RESULT

Design for Flexural Reinforcement

Left Mid Right
AsReq/ AsReq/ AsReq/
Section
AsProv/ AsProv/ AsProv/
%Steel %Steel %Steel

89 89 89
1 226 226 226
2T12 2T12 2T12
0.34% 0.34% 0.34%
 90 90 90
226 226 226
0.34% 0.34% 0.34%

2T12 2T12 2T12

88 2T12 88 2T12 88 2T12

226 226 226
0.34% 0.34% 0.34%

88 88 88
226 226 226
0.34% 0.34% 0.34%
2T12 2T12 2T12

AsReq : Area of Steel Required (mm²), AsProv : Area of Steel Provided (mm²), %Steel : Percentage of Steel Area Provided / Concrete Area
(%)

Design for Shear and Torsion Reinforcement

Distance Concrete Strength Stress Required Rebar
Span Section Zone
Start End νcs νt,min νss νst SAs/Sv TAs/Sv Provided
1 1 1 -75 1200 0.48 0.37 0.09 0.00 0.14 0.00 T10-250
1 0 600 0.48 0.37 0.07 0.00 0.14 0.00 T10-250
2 2 2 600 1800 0.48 0.37 0.05 0.00 0.14 0.00 T10-250
3 1800 2400 0.48 0.37 0.02 0.00 0.14 0.00 T10-250
Distance : Distance from left grid of section (mm)
νcs : Concrete Shear Strength (N/mm²), νt,min :Torsion Strength contributed by concrete (N/mm²)
νss : Concrete Shear Stress (N/mm²), νst : Concrete Torsion Stress (N/mm²) - Only BS, CP and EC2
SAs/Sv : Shear Steel Area/Spacing Ratio Required for Stirrup, TAs/Sv : Torsion Steel Area/Spacing Ratio Required for Stirrup

BEAM SUPPORT REACTION TABLE

Current Beam Grid Mark: E/3-5

Beam Support Reactions

Support Reaction, kN
Support No. Grid Mark Support Type
Dead Load Live Load
1 4 Column 6.9 0.0
2 5 Column 0.8 0.0

BEAM MARK: RB5

Beam Mark: rb5(150x450)

GENERAL AND DIMENSION DATA

Beam Located along grid H/2-4
Number of Span within beam = 2
Number of Section defined by user = 2
Number of Supports = 3
Beam Cantilever End = Nil.
Section Dimension Data
Length Width Begin Depth End Depth
Span Section
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1 1 1500 150 450 450
2 2 1200 150 450 450

Beam Support Data

Support Type Shape/Orientation Dimensions/Material Properties
1 Beam Intersect Width = 150 mm, Depth = 450 mm
2 Column Rectangular Area = 45000.0 mm², Height = 3300 mm
3 Beam Intersect Width = 150 mm, Depth = 450 mm

BEAM LOADING DATA

Beam Self-Weight
Section Begin Dist. End Dist. Unit DL LL
1 0.0 1500.0 kN 2.4 0
2 1500.0 2700.0 kN 1.9 0

Beam FEM Loading

Beam Span Length Unit DL LL
rb5(150x4
2700.0 kN 0.0 0.0
50)

Beam Yield Line Loading

No. Slab Unit DL LL
1 4 kN 0.3 0.4
2 4 kN 0.3 0.4
3 5 kN 0.2 0.3
4 5 kN 0.2 0.3
5 6 kN 0.3 0.4
6 6 kN 0.3 0.4
7 8 kN 0.2 0.3
8 8 kN 0.2 0.3

BEAM DESIGN RESULT

Design for Flexural Reinforcement

Left Mid Right
AsReq/ AsReq/ AsReq/
Section
AsProv/ AsProv/ AsProv/
%Steel %Steel %Steel

88 88 88
1 226 226 226
2T12 2T12 2T12
0.34% 0.34% 0.34%
 89 89 89
226 226 226
0.34% 0.34% 0.34%

2T12 2T12 2T12

88 2T12 88 2T12 88 2T12

226 226 226
0.34% 0.34% 0.34%

88 88 88
226 226 226
0.34% 0.34% 0.34%
2T12 2T12 2T12

AsReq : Area of Steel Required (mm²), AsProv : Area of Steel Provided (mm²), %Steel : Percentage of Steel Area Provided / Concrete Area
(%)

Design for Shear and Torsion Reinforcement

Distance Concrete Strength Stress Required Rebar
Span Section Zone
Start End νcs νt,min νss νst SAs/Sv TAs/Sv Provided
1 0 375 0.48 0.37 0.08 0.00 0.14 0.00 T10-250
1 1 2 375 1125 0.48 0.37 0.04 0.00 0.14 0.00 T10-250
3 1125 1500 0.48 0.37 0.10 0.00 0.14 0.00 T10-250
1 0 300 0.48 0.37 0.09 0.00 0.14 0.00 T10-250
2 2 2 300 900 0.48 0.37 0.05 0.00 0.14 0.00 T10-250
3 900 1200 0.48 0.37 0.06 0.00 0.14 0.00 T10-250
Distance : Distance from left grid of section (mm)
νcs : Concrete Shear Strength (N/mm²), νt,min :Torsion Strength contributed by concrete (N/mm²)
νss : Concrete Shear Stress (N/mm²), νst : Concrete Torsion Stress (N/mm²) - Only BS, CP and EC2
SAs/Sv : Shear Steel Area/Spacing Ratio Required for Stirrup, TAs/Sv : Torsion Steel Area/Spacing Ratio Required for Stirrup

BEAM SUPPORT REACTION TABLE

Current Beam Grid Mark: H/2-4

Beam Support Reactions

Support Reaction, kN
Support No. Grid Mark Support Type
Dead Load Live Load
1 2 Beam 1.4 0.8
2 3 Column 4.4 1.4
3 4 Beam 0.8 0.5
BEAM MARK: UPPER ROOF 4
Beam Mark: upper roof4(150x450)

GENERAL AND DIMENSION DATA

Beam Located along grid E/3-5
Number of Span within beam = 2
Number of Section defined by user = 2
Number of Supports = 2
Beam Cantilever End = Left

Section Dimension Data

Length Width Begin Depth End Depth
Span Section
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1 1 1275 150 450 450
2 2 2400 150 450 450

Beam Support Data

Support Type Shape/Orientation Dimensions/Material Properties
1 Column Rectangular Area = 45000.0 mm², Height = 1680 mm
2 Column Rectangular Area = 45000.0 mm², Height = 1680 mm

BEAM LOADING DATA

Beam Self-Weight
Section Begin Dist. End Dist. Unit DL LL
1 -75.0 1200.0 kN 2.1 0
2 1200.0 3600.0 kN 3.9 0

Beam FEM Loading

Beam Span Length Unit DL LL
upper
roof4(150x 3600.0 kN 0.0 0.0
450)

Beam Yield Line Loading

No. Slab Unit DL LL
1 1 kN 1.9 2.4
2 1 kN 1.9 2.4

Beam External Loading

No. Type Start End Unit DL LL
1 IBeams 0.0 0.0 kN 2.66 1.25

BEAM DESIGN RESULT

Design for Flexural Reinforcement

Left Mid Right
AsReq/ AsReq/ AsReq/
Section
AsProv/ AsProv/ AsProv/
%Steel %Steel %Steel
 88 2T12 88 2T12 88 2T12
226 226 226
0.34% 0.34% 0.34%

88 88 88
226 226 226
0.34% 0.34% 0.34%
2T12 2T12 2T12

88 2T12 88 2T12 88 2T12

226 226 226
0.34% 0.34% 0.34%

89 89 89
226 226 226
0.34% 0.34% 0.34%
2T12 2T12 2T12

AsReq : Area of Steel Required (mm²), AsProv : Area of Steel Provided (mm²), %Steel : Percentage of Steel Area Provided / Concrete Area
(%)

Design for Shear and Torsion Reinforcement

Distance Concrete Strength Stress Required Rebar
Span Section Zone
Start End νcs νt,min νss νst SAs/Sv TAs/Sv Provided
1 1 1 -75 1200 0.48 0.37 0.18 0.00 0.14 0.00 T10-250
1 0 600 0.48 0.37 0.21 0.00 0.14 0.00 T10-250
2 2 2 600 1800 0.48 0.37 0.15 0.00 0.14 0.00 T10-250
3 1800 2400 0.48 0.37 0.07 0.00 0.14 0.00 T10-250
Distance : Distance from left grid of section (mm)
νcs : Concrete Shear Strength (N/mm²), νt,min :Torsion Strength contributed by concrete (N/mm²)
νss : Concrete Shear Stress (N/mm²), νst : Concrete Torsion Stress (N/mm²) - Only BS, CP and EC2
SAs/Sv : Shear Steel Area/Spacing Ratio Required for Stirrup, TAs/Sv : Torsion Steel Area/Spacing Ratio Required for Stirrup

BEAM SUPPORT REACTION TABLE

Current Beam Grid Mark: E/3-5

Beam Support Reactions

Support Reaction, kN
Support No. Grid Mark Support Type
Dead Load Live Load
1 4 Column 11.3 5.5
2 5 Column 1.1 0.6

========================================================================
DESIGN FOR DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOAD:

Design for the following load factors:-

Dead Load = 1.40; Live Load = 1.60 Wind Load = 0.00

1.40*DEAD LOAD & 1.60*LIVE LOAD FACTORED MOMENT-kNm

Span No Left LFace Span RFace Right CutSpan

1 -0.0 -2.7 12.2 -1.2 -0.0 -0.0

Moment & Shear Curtailment, CutSpan is at 25 percent of Span

Design for Moment at support centre

1.40*DEAD LOAD & 1.60*LIVE LOAD FACTORED SHEAR-kN

Span No Left LFace CutSpan RFace Right

1 18.7 16.6 9.4 17.8 18.7

Design for Shear at support centre

Span AREA OF REBAR-mm2 REBAR ARRANGEMENT -Top/Bottom Ten/Com Side

No. Left Span Right Left Span Right %Steel Bar

1 75 75 75 2T12= 2x1 2T12= 2x1 2T12= 2x1 0.15

85 87 85 2T12= 2x1 2T12= 2x1 2T12= 2x1 0.15 Bot

Support Support Reaction-kN

No D.L. L.L.

1 13.4 0.0
2 13.4 0.0

Span Stress-N/mm2 Vc-N/mm2 Link Defl'n

No L CutSpan R L CutSpan R L S R ratio

1 0.42 0.21 0.42 0.46 0.46 0.46 1R 6-200 1R 6-200 1R 6-200 6.09
========================================================================

COLUMN DETAILED DESIGN CALCULATION:

CODE OF PRACTICE USED IS: BS8110:1985

Floor D.L. L.L. fcu fy cover Load incre.
RB 1.40 1.60 25 460 35 0

Rebar maximum spacing = 155 mm, Minimum spacing = 40 mm

Rebar maximum size = 16 mm, Minimum bar size = 12 mm
Link maximum size = 10 mm, Minimum link size = 8 mm
Minimum rebar percentage used for Column Design = 0.40

Design for Braced Column in X-direction

Design for Braced Column in Y-direction

Yield strain = Yield strength/Young Modulus =0.87*460/200000 =0.0020

Location of Column: E-3

Floor No. = 2; Live load reduction = 0

Column Fixity: Top X = Fixed; Top Y = Fixed; Bottom X = Fixed; Bottom Y = Fixed
Column Effective Height Coefficient: X = 0.75; Y = 0.75

Column X-Dimension,A = 225 mm; X-Effective Height = 2250 mm

Column Y-Dimension,B = 150 mm; Y-Effective Height = 2250 mm

Factored Upper Moment,Mx = 0.0 kNm; My = 0.0 kNm

Factored Lower Moment,Mx = 0.0 kNm; My = 0.0 kNm
DL=1.40 & LL=1.60 Factored Moment,Mx = 0.0 kNm; My = 0.0 kNm

Dead Load,DL = 32.5 kN; Live Load,LL = 6.3 kN

Load Combination of DL = 32.5 kN & LL = 6.3 kN

Total Ultimate Load,UL = (1+Allowable increase)*(DLFac*DL+LLFac*LL) kN
 = (1+0.00)*(1.40* 32.5+1.60* 6.3) = 55.6 kN

So, design for Ultimate Load, N = 56 kN= 55587 N

Ultimate Mx = 0.0 kNm; My = 0.0 kNm

Design For X-Braced Column

Effective height,Hef = 2250 mm
Slenderness ratio,sr in X-Dimension = Hef/A =2250/ 225 = 10.0
Slenderness ratio = 10.0 < 15 ---> No additional moment

Design For Y-Braced Column

Effective height,Hef = 2250 mm
Slenderness ratio,sr in Y-Dimension = Hef/B =2250/ 125 = 18.0
Location : E-3
X-Slenderness ratio = 0.0
X-Slenderness ratio = 0.0 <= 15.0 --> Slender moment = 0.0
Y-Slenderness ratio = 18.0 > 15.0 --> Design for slender moment
Notation: A = Rebar area in mm^2 ; TransY = Transformed Rebar Location in mm
: fs = Rebar stress in N/mm^2 ; fsA = fs x A in kN ; Fs = Sum of fsA
: fd = Rebar lever arm in mm ; fdA = fsA x fd in kNm ; Fsd = Sum of fdA
Calculate Moment Capacity in X direction
DESIGN AXIAL LOAD = 55.6 kN ; NEUTRAL AXIS DEPTH, x = 67.1 mm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Rebar Coord/Area,A TransY fs fsA Fs fd fdA Fsd|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| -21.5 -71.5 113 41.0 272.0 30.8 30.8 71.5 2.20 2.20|
| 21.5 -71.5 113 41.0 272.0 30.8 61.5 71.5 2.20 4.40|
| 21.5 71.5 113 184.0 -400.2 -45.3 16.3 -71.5 3.24 7.63|
| -21.5 71.5 113 184.0 -400.2 -45.3 -29.0 -71.5 3.24 10.87|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Axial Load, fsA & Bending, Fsd: Fs = -29.0 kN ; Fsd = 10.87 kNm |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Concrete Axial Load Capacity,Fcc = k1*bx*x = 10.20*125*67.1 N = 85.5 kN
Concrete Bending Capacity, Fcd = Fcc*(by2- a/2) = 85.5*(112.5-60.8/2) kNmm = 7.02 kNm

Total Axial Load Capacity = (Fs + Fcc)*Fac = (-29.0+85.5)*1.00 = 56.5 kN

Total Bending Capacity = (Fsd + Fcd)*Fac = (10.87+7.02)*1.00 = 17.89 kN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calculate Moment Capacity in Y direction
DESIGN AXIAL LOAD = 55.6 kN ; NEUTRAL AXIS DE PTH, x = 50.8 mm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Rebar Coord/Area,A TransY fs fsA Fs fd fdA Fsd|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| -21.5 -71.5 113 41.0 134.5 15.2 15.2 21.5 0.33 0.33|
| 21.5 -71.5 113 84.0 -400.2 -45.3 -30.1 -21.5 0.97 1.30|
| 21.5 71.5 113 84.0 -400.2 -45.3 -75.3 -21.5 0.97 2.27|
| -21.5 71.5 113 41.0 134.5 15.2 -60.1 21.5 0.33 2.60|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Axial Load, fsA & Bending, Fsd: Fs = -60.1 kN ; Fsd = 2.60 kNm |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Concrete Axial Load Capacity,Fcc = k1*bx*x = 10.20*225*50.8 N = 116.5 kN
Concrete Bending Capacity, Fcd = Fcc*(by2- a/2) = 116.5*(62.5-46.0/2) kNmm = 4.60 kNm

Total Axial Load Capacity = (Fs + Fcc)*Fac = (-60.1+116.5)*1.00 = 56.4 kN

Total Bending Capacity = (Fsd + Fcd)*Fac = (2.60+4.60)*1.00 = 7.20 kN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eccentricity 20 mm = 0.02*UL = 0.02*55.6 = 1.1 kNm
Eccentricity 5 percent = 0.05*h*UL = 0.05*225*55.587 = 0.6 kNm
X-Moment Eccentricity, Mxe = 0.6 kNm

Eccentricity 5 percent = 0.05*h*UL = 0.05*125*55.587 = 0.3 kNm

Y-Moment Eccentricity, Mye = 0.3 kNm

X-Moment Eccentricity, Mxe > Increased Moment,Mx ---> Mx = 0.6 kNm

Nbal = 0.25*25*225*(125-41.0)/1000 = 118.1 kN
K = (497.5-55.6)/(497.5-118.1) = 1.00
Y-Slender moment, Msy = 1.000*18.0*18.0/2000*55.6*125/1000 = 1.1 kNm
Increased Moment, My = 0.0 + 1.1 = 1.1

Total steel area provided, As = 452 mm^2; i.e. 1.6%

Pure Axial load capacity, Nuz = fac*fcu*Ac+fyy*fy*As

= 0.45*25*28125 + 0.87*460*452 = 497452 N = 497.5kN

Alpha, x(>=1 && <=2) = 5*N/(3*Nuz) + 2/3 = 5*55.6/(3*497.5) + 2/3 = 1.00

 (Mx/Mux)^x + (My/Muy)^x = (0.6/17.9)^1.00 + (1.1/7.2)^1.00
= (0.035)^1.00 + (0.156)^1.00 = 0.19

Biaxial Iteration No. = 2 ; pfy_fcu = 0.30; Mux_bh2fcu = 0.11; Muy_bh2fcu = 0.08;

nXYIt XIt YIt MLayer SLayer Nos As % Nuz Alpha Mx Mux RX My Muy RY Ratio
3 2 2 1x 2T12 1x 2T12 4 452 1.6 497 1.00 1 18 0.03 1 7 0.16 0.19

Vu, Vu at 2-A = 0.0 kN

Vu Stress, v = V/bd = 0.0*1000/(225*84) = 0.000 N/mm^2

Refer to BS8110:Part 1:1985 Table 3.9

Shear Capacity,vc = 0.79*((100As/(bd))^1/3)*(400/d)^1/4)*((fcu/25)^1/3)/1.25
Effective depth ratio = max(1,400/d) = max(1,400/84) = 4.762
Concrete Grade ratio = min(40,fcu)/25 = min(40,25)/25 = 1.000
Steel Percentage, 100As/(bd) = min(3,1.20) = 1.20
vc = ( 0.79*(1.20)^1/3*(4.762)^1/4*(1.000)^1/3 )/1.25 = 0.991 N/mm^2

Because of Tension force due to Transfer Wall --> Shear Capacity = 0.000 N/mm^2

Vu Stress - Vu Capacity = v - vc = vd = 0.000 - 0.000 = 0.000 N/mm^2

vd < 0.40 N/mm^2 --> Design for vd = 0.40 N/mm^2

Steel area provided by Link size 8, Asv = 2*pie*dia*dia/4 = 2*3.1416*8*8/4 = 100.5 mm^2
Link spacing required, Sv = 0.87*460*100.5/(225*0.400)= 447
Vu Capacity provided by Link = 0.87*460*100.5/(447*225) = 0.400 N/mm^2

Asv/Sv = 100.5/447= 0.225

Pad Footing Detailed Design Calculation:

Code of Practice Used: BS8110:1985

The Design Parameters used:

Allowable soil pressures used =75 kN/m^2

Steel fy = 460 N/mm^2; Concrete fcu = 25 N/mm^2
Concrete cover, cov = 50 mm
Rebar maximum spacing = 250 mm, Minimum spacing = 50 mm
Steel maximum bar size = 20 mm, Minimum bar size = 10 mm
Shear capacity at stump face, 0.8*sqrt(fcu) = 4.00 N/mm^2
Rebar percentage used for Shear Design = 0.30
Design Shear Stress, vc = 0.79*(100As/bd)^(1/3)*(400/d)^(1/4)/Ym

The Following Design Parameters are used for Bending Moment Design:
Maximum Concrete strain, Ecc = 0.0035
Average Concrete Stress Above Neutral Axis, k1 = 10.20 N/mm^2
Concrete Lever Arm Factor, k2 = 0.4557
Limiting Effective Depth Factor, cb = 0.50
Limiting Concrete Moment Capacity Factor, kk1
= cb*k1*(1-cb*k2) = 0.50*10.20(1-0.50*0.4557) = 3.9379 N/mm^2
k2/k1 Factor, kkk = 0.0447

Location of Footing: 2-A

Dead Load, DL = 147.3; Live Load, LL = 21.1; Wind Load, WL = 0.0

After additional 10 percent load allowance
Dead Load, DL = 162.5; Live Load, LL = 23.4

Total Unfactored Load = 162.5 + 23.4 + 0.0 = 185.9 kN

After round-up, Footing Size, X & Y Dimensions,mm = 1300 mm x 1300 mm

Trial selfweight of Pad Footing,SW = 1.10 x(1.30X1.30X0.22)x24x1.2 = 12.6 kN

Soil pressure(include footing selfweight) = (12.6+164.5)/(1300x1300/1000000) = 97 kN/m^2

Total Ultimate Gravity Load = 1.40*140.5+1.60*24.0 = 235.1 kN

Total Ultimate Gravity+Lateral Load = 1.20*(140.5+24.0+0.0) = 197.4 kN
Ultimate soil pressure for design, Wu = 235.1x1000/(1300*1300) = 0.129 N/mm^2

Calculate Effective Depth, d to Satisfy Punching Shear:

Refer to BS8110:Part 1:1985 Table 3.9

Shear Capacity,vc = 0.79*((100As/(bd))^1/3)*(400/d)^1/4)*((fcu/25)^1/3)/1.25
Effective depth ratio = max(1,400/d) = max(1,400/170) = 2.354
Concrete Grade ratio = min(40,fcu)/25 = min(40,25)/25 = 1.000
Steel Percentage, 100As/(bd) = min(3,0.30) = 0.30
vc = ( 0.79*(0.30)^1/3*(2.354)^1/4*(1.000)^1/3 )/1.25 = 0.524 N/mm^2

Stump Size, A & B Dimensions,mm = 125 mm x 300 mm

Design Shear stress based on d, 170 mm = 0.524 N/mm^2

Ratio of shear plane from stump face to effective depth, p = 1.000
Distance of shear plane from stump face, a = 170 mm
Enhanced shear stress,v = fVcFac*d*vc/a = 1.0*170*0.524/170 = 0.524 N/mm^2
Ultimate Shear Capacity = 2v.d(4p.d+A+B)/1000 kN =
2*0.524*170*(4*1.000*170+125+300) = 196.7 kN
Load Within Shear Perimeter, Pi = Wu(2p.d+A)*(2p.d+B)/1000 kN =
0.129 *(2*1.000*170+125)*(2*1.000*170+300) = 38.4 kN
Ultimate Load = Total load,P - Pi = 235.1 - 38.4 = 196.7 kN <= 196.7 kN --> O.K. !!

Required effective depth to satisfy punching shear, d = 170 mm

Calculate Effective Depth, d to Satisfy Stump Face Shear:

Ultimate Load, Pu = 235.1-0.129*125*300/1000 = 230.2 kN

Stump Face Shear Capacity, Pc = 2*4.000*68(125+300)/1000 = 230.2 kN

Effective Depth required at stump face = 68 mm

Refer to BS8110:Part 1:1985 Table 3.9

Shear Capacity,vc = 0.79*((100As/(bd))^1/3)*(400/d)^1/4)*((fcu/25)^1/3)/1.25
Effective depth ratio = max(1,400/d) = max(1,400/100) = 4.015
Concrete Grade ratio = min(40,fcu)/25 = min(40,25)/25 = 1.000
Steel Percentage, 100As/(bd) = min(3,0.30) = 0.30
vc = ( 0.79*(0.30)^1/3*(4.015)^1/4*(1.000)^1/3 )/1.25 = 0.599 N/mm^2

Calculate Effective Depth, d to Satisfy Flexural Shear:

Design Shear stress based on d,100 mm = 0.599 N/mm^2

Ratio of shear plane from stump face to effective depth, p = 1.500
Enhanced shear stress,v = fVcFac*vc/p = 1.0*0.599/1.500 = 0.599 N/mm^2
Required effective depth to satisfy flexure shear, d = 100 mm

Ultimate Shear Capacity = 2v.d.'L'/1000 kN = 2*0.599*100*1350 = 161.1 kN

Load Within Shear Perimeter = Wu(2p.d+'A').'L'/1000 kN =
0.129 *(2*1.500*100+125)*1350 = 73.8 kN
Ultimate Load = Total load - above = 235.1 - 73.8 = 161.3 kN

Refer to BS8110:Part 1:1985 Table 3.9

Shear Capacity,vc = 0.79*((100As/(bd))^1/3)*(400/d)^1/4)*((fcu/25)^1/3)/1.25
Effective depth ratio = max(1,400/d) = max(1,400/82) = 4.857
Concrete Grade ratio = min(40,fcu)/25 = min(40,25)/25 = 1.000
Steel Percentage, 100As/(bd) = min(3,0.30) = 0.30
vc = ( 0.79*(0.30)^1/3*(4.857)^1/4*(1.000)^1/3 )/1.25 = 0.628 N/mm^2

Calculate Effective Depth, d to Satisfy Flexural Shear:

Design Shear stress based on d,82 mm = 0.628 N/mm^2

Ratio of shear plane from stump face to effective depth, p = 1.500
Enhanced shear stress,v = fVcFac*vc/p = 1.0*0.628/1.500 = 0.628 N/mm^2
Required effective depth to satisfy flexure shear, d = 82 mm

Ultimate Shear Capacity = 2v.d.'L'/1000 kN = 2*0.628*82*1350 = 139.7 kN

Load Within Shear Perimeter = Wu(2p.d+'A').'L'/1000 kN =
0.129 *(2*1.500*82+300)*1350 = 95.3 kN
Ultimate Load = Total load - above = 235.1 - 95.3 = 139.8 kN

Summary: Effective depth for Punching Shear Stump Shear Flexural Shear
170 68 100
Moment along Y-axis = Wu*X^2/8 = 0.13*1350*1350/8000 = 29.4 kNm/m
Moment along X-axis = Wu*Y^2/8 = 0.13*1350*1350/8000 = 29.4 kNm/m

Design for Bending Moment: 29.4/1.00 = 29.4 kNm

Mu/bd^2 = 29.4*1000/175^2 = 0.960

For Footing Design, limit Mu/bd^2 < 0.5*kk1: Mu/bd^2 = 0.960 ; 0.5*kk1 = 1.969
Mu/bd^2 = 0.960 < 1.969 -->O.K. !

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 28.8 mm

Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1.b.x = 10.20*28.8 = 294.15 kN
Steel area required, As = Fc/(fyy*fy) = 294.15/(0.87*460) = 735 mm^2
Moment capacity = Fc(d-k2.x) = 294.15(175-0.4557*28.8)/1000 = 47.6 kNm

Steel area required, As = 735 mm^2

Design for Bending Moment: 29.4/1.00 = 29.4 kNm

Mu/bd^2 = 29.4*1000/175^2 = 0.960

For Footing Design, limit Mu/bd^2 < 0.5*kk1: Mu/bd^2 = 0.960 ; 0.5*kk1 = 1.969
Mu/bd^2 = 0.960 < 1.969 -->O.K. !

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 28.8 mm

Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1.b.x = 10.20*28.8 = 294.15 kN
Steel area required, As = Fc/(fyy*fy) = 294.15/(0.87*460) = 735 mm^2
Moment capacity = Fc(d-k2.x) = 294.15(175-0.4557*28.8)/1000 = 47.6 kNm
Steel area required, As = 735 mm^2

Actual selfweight of Footing = 1.10 x(1.350X1.350X0.250)x24 = 12.0 kN