Mastering Maths ee Bar Model Methods Strategies & Techniques Bottle A has 48 me more juice than Bottle B. How much juice must be poured from Bottle A to Bottle B so that there is the same amount of juice in each bottle? Solution: Before Bottle A Bate B Ea Problems involving Bar Model Drawings Self-guided Techniques After (A—> B) Extensive Coverage of Problem Sums fictile A Parallel and scaffolded Problem Sums Bottle B Everly Goh B.Sc (Hons) FAIRFIELD BOOK PUBLISHERSMastering Maths using Rear Ciutes Gs Strategies & Techniques Bottle A has 48 m¢ more juice than Bottle B. How much juice must be poured from Bottle A to Bottle B so that there is the same amount of juice in each bottle? Solution: Before 4g me Bottle A E+ sg Bottle B 4 Problems involving Bar Model Drawings W Self-guided Techniques After (A—>B) same %& Extensive Coverage of Problem Sums Bottle A ® Parallel and scaffolded Problem Sums Bottle B Author: Everly Goh B.Sc (Hons) FAIRFIELD BOOK PUBLISHERSPrimary 2 - Bar Model Methods (strategies & Techniques) Copyright © Reserved by Copyright © by FAIRFIELD BOOK PUBLISHERS PTE LTD. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded or otherwise without the prior permission of the publishers. ‘New Edition 2023 (twice) Reprint 2024 ISBN: 978-981-50-1804-2 Author Everly Goh BS: Hons Editors “Teng Kah Seng # (Math) MSc (Math) Edlynn Rose 8.5 (Nath) Raymond K Yoo Weng MB.A. BF (Hons) Distributed By: Singapore FAIRFIELD BOOK PUBLISHERS PTE LTD 49 Tannery Lane, 05417 Noble Logistics, Singapore 347796 Phone +65 68482471 Fax 2 +65 68882470 Email flpbookstiyahoo.com.sg. Website: www.lairfieldbooks.com.sgMastering Bar Model Drawing is a series written to help students understand, apply and master solving problem sums using the bar model approach. The worked example at the beginning of each section ensures that students understand the concept well before they apply the approach to solve the questions that follow. Only topics where model drawings are used are covered in this book. Full worked solutions are found at the end of the book as a reference for checking the answers. While there may be multiple answers to a question, this book only covers the model drawing approach to solving the question.3. 4 Contents whole Numbers Multiplication and Division (2, 3, 4, 5, 10) Fractions Money Measurement (Length, Mass, Volume) Answers 30. 52 74. 92 109rs © Addition Within 1000 Using Bar Model @ Substraction Within 1000 Using Bar Model © Understanding ‘More than’ and ‘Less than’ using bar models @ Solving Word Problems Involving Addition © Solving Word Problems Involving Subtraction e Solving Word:Problems Involving Part-Whole eo Solving Word Problems Involving ‘More Than’ * Type T-(+/ +) © Type 2 - (-/+) @ Solving Word Problems Involving ‘Less Than’ © Type T- (+/+) © Type 2 -(~/+) oe Solving Word Problems Involving Same Amount at the Beginning * Type 1 - One Item Removed * Type 2 - One Item Added @ Solving Word Problems Involving’ Same Amount at the EndC1 Addit in 1000 Using Bar Model 252 +112 = Solution: Using bar model to show the working: : ee [| 252 | + [ne] = [252 [ne 1.324 +210 = | 2.548 +121 = | Se SB Fait Bask loners s CE primary 2 Mastering Bar Model Drawing3. 663 + 232 = 4.118 + 450 = 5.133 + 242 = 6. 818 + 116 =7.739 +M= 8. 467 +325 = 9. 419 +581 = 10. 289 +372 = 6 Sirona “Prionary 2 Mastering Ber Model Brawing |(2 ] subtraction Within 1000 Using Bar Model 475 -N2= Solution: £ £.Using bar model to show the working: | —_*8 _, ads the bar N2 363 models when you subtract see ce LACUS 1. 936 - 214 = 2 859 - 325 =3. 788 — 238 = 4.545 - 332 = 5. 467 - 340 = 6. 351-113 = | |7.577 — 229 = 8.1000 — 437 = 9. 683 — 564 = W. 290 - 156 =oe VLU Rocke k u eee aur ee criiitdal Faith has 112 stamps in her stamp collection, She receives another 19 stamps from her.cousin. How many stamps does Faith have in the end? gE B Solution: n2 9 f Total stamps(end) = 112+ 19 =131 Faith has-131 stamps in the end. _ MESS 1. A shopkeeper sold 219 packets of biscuits in the morning. He sold another 167 packets of biscuits in the afternoon. How many packets of biscuits did he sell altogether? vimary 2 Mastering Bar Model Drawing | care “42. Asmall factory produces 310 bottles of peanut butter in the morning. : It produces another 480 bottles of peanut butter in the afternoon. How many bottles of peanut butter does the small factory produce in a day?oe Solving Word Problems Involving Subtraction A bakery prepared 900 cupcakes for a bake sale. 730 cupcakes were sold during the sale. How many cupcakes did the bakery have left? Solution: 900 730 2 900 — 730 = 170 The bakery has 170 cupcakes left. aan CRS 1. Mrs Lee has 150 lollipops. She gives 129 lollipops to her students. How many lollipops does Mrs Lee have left? Ans: : imary 2 Mastering Bar Model Drawing ~| Lo Fairfield Book Pubisners2 Gary collects 420 magazines. He gives 152 magazines to his brother. How many magazines does Gary have left?ing Part-whole Gwen bought five notebooks for $30 and a backpack for $89. She gave the cashier $150. How much change did Gwen receive? Solution: $150 $30 Ee me Unshaded = ==> 2. Bar Model representation hole = == 1 whole 3 Shaded = == C.J Unshaded = 3. T Bar Model representation 1 whole = == 5 Shaded = == Unshaded = ea Fis Boo asians i Primary 2 Mastering Bar Model DrawingBar Model representation 1 whole = Shaded = [| Unshaded = I OOOO Bar Model representation 1 whole = Shaded = Unshaded = Bar Model representation 1 whole = Unshaded =7. ro Bar Model representation 1 whole = Unshaded = == 8. Bar Model representation 1whole = ==> Unshaded = ==> Bar Model representation T whole = OO Shaded = LT Unshaded = LO ‘© Faia Book Publishers" * Primary 2 Mastering Bar Model DrawinComparing of Fractions Using Bar Model th of the following fraction is the smallest? Draw and shade models to find out the correct answer. tb) am meus ta ata bar model into 4 Ae meee aa a) Teena s Reem ae a Bia Amant lac may pment} equal parts. fm Practice Questions 3.2 ch of the following fraction is the smallest? Draw and shade the els to find out the correct answer.Ans: 3. (a) Ans: 4, (a) s MIO In Ans: 5.(a) J Bl (b) a= ©) 55 Ans: © 2 rite oi canon, NES “Primary 2 Mastering Bar Model Drawitof the following fraction is the greatest? Draw and shade the Is to find out the correct answer. Ans: Ans: Ans:jumeag pow teq Suuessey z Kiwwitig ‘suy :suy “IZ cit -to o2 rje oe s s (e) “OL @ @ (8) 6Adding of Fractions Using Bar Model bar model to-solve: Practice Questijusmesg jepow eg Suyeysew z Kew = Seas 09g BRL ole i ole W IN + ain CT iM + hhTae Buymesg jopowy seg Bi 8.2 =U ul. “7776 -9,9 “tT ®6 1. 6 6 Solution: 6 a EE —— EE 1 5 6 6 _ ETSNy ulna Il a » AO H Ot " > co|00 I Colun u 2 Fated ook Pubichete = Primary 2 Mastering Bar Model Drawing.”” als 1 Ble - als I 00 ] 8 2_ ng- 95saint wisn a Bassons ea - aeatbomans Oo” u ale ne fl ol i soln oSeo Solving Word Problems Involving Fr: Da tao Type Jack has 5 marbles. 3 of them are red and the rest are blue. (a) What fraction of Jack's marbles.are blue? tb). What fraction of Jack’s marbles are red? Solution: [J 23 cm 10cm | 10cm | 10cm | : << 3 equal pieces Total length of 3 pieces =3 x 10 =30 Total length = 23 + 30 = 53 The ribbon was 53 em long.TES . . sei 1. Ben had a piece of rope. He cut 16 m of it to tie some branches together. Then, he cut the remaining rope equally into three pieces measuring 9m each. How long was the piece of rope Ben had at first? Ans: m 2. Cass had some sugar. She used 250 g of it to bake a cake. Then, she poured the remaining sugar equally into four containers. Each container contained 50 g of sugar. How much sugar did Cass have at first? Ans: g Pitiiary 2 Mastering Bar Medel Orawing3. Dawn had some orange juice She gave 154 of orange juice to her neighbour. Then, she poured the remaining orange juice equally into four bottles. Each bottle contained 4 £ of orange juice. How much orange juice did Dawn have at first? Ans: t(2] Solving Word Problems Involving More than/Less than Eva used 140 g more flour than Fion to bake cookies. If Eva and Fion use 500 g of flour altogether, how much flour did Fion use? Solution: B Tunit 140 Eva uni g | 500 g Fion Tunit 2 units = 500 - 140 = 360 Tunit = 360 +2 = 180 Fion used 180 g of flour. CR ee) 1. Gwen used 22 g more sugar than Harry to bake a cake. If Gwen and Harry use 70 g of sugar altogether, how much sugar did Harry use? Ans: 9g a 1 Fails Hook Poblanars i © Primary 2 Mastering Bar Model Drawitig.2. Kai used 108 m of rope to tie some logs together. Given that the length of rope Kai used was 48 m shorter than the Jength of rope Luke used, find the total length of rope they used altogether? Ans: 3. Ivy used 534 of water to water her garden. Jade used 19£ more water to water her garden. How much water did they use altogether? Ans: £8 Solving word Problems Involving Multiple Quantities Mark's family drinks 34 of water a day. Nate's family drinks two times as much water as Mark’s family a day. How many litres of water would. both families drink altogether in : 5 days? Solution: Mark’ family Nate's family Tunit =3 units =3x3 =9 (1 day) 5x9=45 - They will drink 45 ¢ of water in 5. days. ARETE TEES SE) 1. Owen makes 6 £ of apple juice a day. Paul makes two times as much apple juice as Owen a day. How many litres of apple juice would they make altogether in 4 days? Ans: £ @ “6 Fit Book Pabishorg : uf{noftutata 5 groups of 11s 55; WaT eN 141-55 5S times Nl is $5. a 30 a 40 [66 6 ‘ + elelelelel|«]*]*]4] 30-56 9. 20 10 groups of 4 is 40. AAPA S G4 A EA Ath A = 40 TO times 4 is 40. 10, 100 @{e[ole[elololmlele] 10 groups of 10 is 100. 1010 +10 +10 +10 +10 +10 +10 +10 + 10 =100 10 times 10 is 109. Practice Questions 2.2 % a 6 s | « B+3=6 5 2 3s [3 3 3 wided 6 20 {os [5 [ s 5 50+10=5 Practice Questions 2.3 1 24 (e 8 8 3x8 =24 Bob has 24 toy cars altogether. 2 35 2 7 7 5x7 =35 Joey bought 35 sweets altogether. Practice Ques! ns 2.4 223-7 Each of them had 7 pencils in the end 2 40 4035-8 There are 8 melons in each basketPractice Questions 2.5 fa) 3x8 =24 Finn has 24 stickers, () 8 ~24=32 Thay have 32 stickers altogether. tana [7 7olrate pr [2 (a) 5x7 =35 Beth made 35 bracelets. Wb) 7.35 = 42 They make 42 bracelets altogether. Practice Questions 2.6 1 Before Paige Ruth Lo After (P + 12) Paige Lunt Ruth Tar A unit =12 units =3 «12 =36 They have 36 cookies altogether in the end, Before Tess hoe Joe Tart Vwnit =17 3 units =3 x71 =33 They have 88 marbles altogether in the end. 'D Fata Boox Pubes | Practice Questions 2.7 Tyee O 1 after | wie tian Before K +7) ate [tnt van [ta Tunit =7 2units =2 x7 24 | Kyle have 14 toy cars at first. 2 After P— 1) Pam have 22 riobons at first | Tee @® 1. After (Seamps +9) Stickers stay units stickers | Tunit 9 Stamps iui 2 Tunit =9 units = 2.9 =18 Aim had 18 stickers at frst Primary 2 Mastering Bat Model Drawing :2. After (G +15) Boys its Before (6 - 15) 2avts Boys [tunit 5 Gir Tart 5 Funit 2units =2 x15 =30 There were 80 boys in the swimming pool at frst Practice Questions 2.8 1. Before Bos A After Box 4 Box ® Quits =15-7 8 Vunit =8 +2 4 marbles must be transferred from Box A to Box 8. 2, Before 32 Jess 1é 18 Gem [14 =9 Jess must give 9 cupcakes to Gem, Chapter 3: Fractions Practice Questions 3.1 | Twhole = 3 Bar Model representation shaded = 4 2 i Unshaded = 2 2 whole Shaded Unshaded 3B Twhole = Shaded Unshaded 5 Shaded = Unshaded = Bar Model representation Bar Model representation Bar Model representation Bar Model representation Bar Model representationie Bar Model representation nF wm aa} ws 8 Bar Model representation ny aa § 3 Shaded 7 cle in os fa & Unenaded = PSY © z 0 @ 9. Thole = 2+ Bar Model representation \ mt 7 Shaded - 8 ot & 3 Uunshaded = -® 8 Practice Questions 3.3 .o2 Practice Questions 3.2 a T r@d 1 w} 1 3 $d 2. 20} i — o] Gr —— 1, A sad 55 oe 3 4 = - 2 | I a@ze 2 2 o $ 7 7 4 1 sa} 1 wd wt % i * 6 at 1 wo} Primary 2 Mastaring Bar Model Drawing5 3 3 6 4 6 —— ——_ To Loi = fo SSS rs L 4 2 a 4 i 6 é 6 5 4 8 <__* __, —_—__ i I nal 2 a $ 3 5 8 5 8 7 z 5. 19 — Fe 10 { T T a l l l L L SSS es $ 3 3 z 9 > 0 10 8 5 6 w é W — a —— oo 1 4 3 6 6 T ®. 9 7 8 —— _ T 1 L j LEI 2 Zz Zz $ ii qi 5 9 i Zz 8 6 @ : 7 —— ~—_—_____. 7 | LT 6h [ ———S=— = 4 a 3a 3 @ a 7 7 Practice Questions 3.4 % Z hog T Sa 2 5 L J 0 0 204 i 3.3 pe $Practice Questions 3.5 Twpe@ L 10 0 (@) Total ribbons = 32 Yelow ribbons _ 4 Total ribbons ~ 10 or ars tors are yeow 04.6 Ooo +f 9 Rina’s ribbons are pink {Sis} Bro} (2) Tota slices = § Beaded Hugo gave away B ofthe pez. ob RE 8 g was § of the pizza was left, Type @ a 3 t 3 Her brother received 3 more, 0) is ven away = 3 + -2_8 Lett= 3-3 4 “9 {2 fates Fok Pubes Chapter 4: Money _ Practice Questions 4.1 po Ele paid $18.60 altogether () Change = $30 - $18.60 =S1140 Elle received $11.40 change, 2 Sez 546 ? Gina paid $54.40 altogether. ®) Change = $62 =$54.40 She received $7.60 change | Practice Questions 4.2 1 Bete | vont See Chine t po (a) 2 units = $104 - $64 =$40 Tunit = $40 +2 20 [ Chioe’s savings is $20. tb) 520 + $64 =$84 Belle's savings is $84, % Be OES & Primary? Mastering Bar Madel raviShane spent $30. tb) $30 + $50 = $80 Pete spent $80. Practice Questions 4.3 A Amutfin [ tunit tee [tun | dunt | leat (a) unit =$7 3 units $7 <3 =321 The chocolate cake cost $21. tb) Cost of 2 cakes = $21 +521 =$42 Total cost =$7 +$42 =349 The total cost of 3 chocolate muftin chocolate cakes is $49. 2 Iparet slippers | Tunit and two pair ef shoes 1a (@) Vunit 3 units A pair of running shoes cost $30. () Cost of 2 pairs of slippers = $10 + $10 20 Cost of 2 pairs of shoes = $30 + $30 = $60 Total cost =$20 + $60 =380 The total cost of two pairs of sippers and two pairs of shoes is $80, Practice Questions 4.4 1. Before Beth Turi =59 Burts =3 x39 =827 ‘he girs have $27 altogether inthe end 2. Before ows After (C - $1) sn -oamnl 3 Dawn's money = $15 ~ $i? =$26 $26 +515 5 The boys have $41 altogether in the end. Total (end) | Practice Questions 4.5 | Tyee@ 1. End & - $10) Kate Gem 2 Qunits = 2 x S12 = $24 Phil had $24 at first. $262 Before Type @ 326 —— 3. End + $22) 1 skye Mes S22 sea e300 we sett sz___ | =s8 Before (J - $22) 1 Mag J unit $22 a : 1 s6e Jett unit units = $64 -$22 i =si8 $42 : A= 2 i 21 : h Jett had $24 at first. | Stop must gre Asn $8 4. End ts + $10) * Chapter 5: Measurement (Length, ain Mass and Volume) Grant [| Practice Questions 5.1 Before (G ~ $10) i units: si | law Teo { en [on [on Gant] tunit $10 Fequal pleces > Tagnit Tota! length of 3 pieces =3 x9 =u Total length =16 +27 2units =2 «$10 =43 =520 The rope was 43 mor Bill had $20. . re! e Questions 4.6 29 | a] 509] 0 [50a 1. Before sz 4 equal containers, | Totat mass of 4 containers = 4 x 50 1 = 200 ‘Total amount of sugar = 250 ~ 200 = 450 Cass had 450 g of sugar at first. By ax aunt [toni 15e ae [ee] ae | ee Chase : ~~ Gequalbotes 2units =$22 | Total orange juice in 4 bottles = 4 x 4 Total amount of orange juice =15 +16 Cavin nod 8 ot orange ice at est ® el sy Primary 2 Mastering Bar Model Drawingi : 7 2 ' Teen hy we ss RN RO 8 v8 Practice Questions 5.2 Ferry | tun 2units = 70 -22 Harry used 24 g of sugar. 2 Kai 108 m Luka 108 480 } Length of rove Luke used = 108 + 48 Teal ang of op used = 36 108 64 ‘They used 264 m of rope altogether. [sth 53 ‘9! ‘They used 1254 of water altogether. Practice Questions 5.3 owen [Tune Paul Tuait Tent Lunt =6 Bunits =63 = 18. day) 4x18 =72 They will make 72E of apple juice in 4 days. 2% Paper cl Penci 3x3 9 tpencit 34349215 ‘The total length is 15 em. 3. Orange Melons | Tunit vai hat unit =4 units 24 x3 12 (melons) 4+4412=20 The total mass is 20 kg. Practice Questions 5.4 End (® - 9m) Plumber anit 9m Copper unit om ——————— Duis tunit =9 Bunits =3 x9 =27 The total length of both pipes is 27 m altogether in the end 2 At first Sirs Worg rs Lam End (W ~ 450.9) Mrs wong | 327.9 4509 tirsiam [327g 4509 Amount of flour Mrs Lamm has 777 +327 = 1108 They had 104 g of flour altogether in the end. 3. Before Container & Container B After (A + 24) Containes A There were 302 £of oil in the end.Practice Questions 5.5 | Practice Questions 5.6 1. End S = 8k) At first (5 +8 kg) Sage Tess units =26 8 8 Vunit = 18 +2 ‘ess had 9 kg of berries. 2 End Xe Container ¥ Before x ~ 110 Comainer ¥ Comaine- x Tunt=1) units = 2x11 =2 Container ¥ has 22 £of honey at first, 3% End 0-7 m) Joy has 14 m of ribbon at first, Container C Conzainar 0 units = 60 Tunit =60 = 2 2 units = 180 Vunit = 180 +2 =90 90 g of must be transferred trom Bag X to Bag ¥.Mastering Maths using Bar Model Methods Strategies & Techniques Each topic has been designed to include essential concepts that are covered within each topic. Within each topic, there are several worked examples followed by to ensure reinforcement and enable students to grasp these concepts on their own. Questions are also so that students are able to experience solving problem sums of varying from basic to challenging questions. This series of books is curated to assist students in grasping the following concepts by using model drawing: * before and after concepts * items repeated * same beginning and end * internal transfers * working backwards PRIMARY TWO ISBN: 976-987-50-18042| @ =o ill I | | “waneo” oWragarsloraosel $9. FAIRFIELD BOOK PUBLISHERS 90