Biostatistics Exercises

Practical-4: Graphical Presentation of Data I

Mr. Gurudatt D Potdar

M.Sc. (Statistics)

Biostatistician,
D e p a r t m e n t of C o m m u n i t y M e d i c i n e ,
B h a r a t i Vi d y a p e e t h M e d i c a l College, P u n e .
M-9579305552

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PRESENTATION OF QUANTITATIVE DATA: - II (GRAPHS)

The frequencies of a characteristic can be presented

by two kinds of drawings: - Graphs and Diagrams.
Quantitative data is presented by the following graphs.
• Histogram
• Line Chart
• Scatter Diagram
• Population Pyramid

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Histogram
To construct Histogram class Interval are plotted along x-
axis(horizontal line)
and corresponding frequencies (or no. of observation)on y-
axis(vertical line)
Rectangles are constructed such that height of rectangle is
proportional to the
frequency of class and width is equal to length of class.

Exercise 1
Draw histogram for height in (cm) for 100 students.

Height (cm’s) 150-155 155-160 160-165 165-170 170-175

frequency 8 20 38 25 9
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 Histogram- Height wise Students

40

35 38
30
No. of Students

25
25
20
20
15

10

8 9
5

0
150-155 155-160 160-165 165-170 170-175
Hight (cm)
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 Line Diagram/Chart
• This is a frequency polygon presenting variations by
line. It shows the trend of an event occurring over a
period of time-rising, falling or showing fluctuations.
• It shows the trend of an event occurring over a period
of timing-rising, falling or showing fractions by lines.
• To construct Line Chart time are plotted along x-
axis(horizontal line) and corresponding frequencies
(or no. of observation)on y-axis(vertical line)
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Exercise 4
Draw line chart for following data. Number of diabetics
patients admitted in a Bharati hospital during the years
2011 to 2020.
No. of diabetic
Year
patients
2011 205
2012 195
2013 202
2014 219
2015 237
2016 239
2017 268
2018 280
2019 295
2020 301 6
 Line Chart- diabetics patients admitted
350
295 301
300 280
268
237 239
250 219
205 195 202
Patients

200

150

100

50

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Year
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 Scatter Diagram or Dot Diagram
• It is graphic representation made to show the nature of
correlation between two variable characters X and Y in the
same person(s) or group(s) such as height and weight in
men aged 20 years.
• The characters are read on the base(X axis) and vertical
(Y-axis) and the perpendiculars drawn from these readings
meet to give one scatter point. Varying frequencies of the
characters give a number of such points or dots that show
a scatter. A line is drawn to show the nature of correlation
at a glance.
• It is also called Correlation diagram.
• Independent variable always take on x-axis and dependent
variable always take on y-axis.
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Exercise 6.
Plot monthly height in (cm’s) of a child on the
growth chart and give comments.

Height in Weight in Height in Weight in

cm's kg. cm's kg.
30 2.8 64 7.5
40 3.3 66 8
43 3.7 68 10
46 3.5 72 10.5
48 4.4 76 12.5
49 5 80 12.4
55 5.7 84 14
56 5.6 88 14.9
59 6.1 92 16.3
63 6.4 96 17.9 9
 Scatter Digram
20
18
16
14
12
Weight

10
8
6
4
2
0
20 40 60 80 100
10
Height
 Population pyramid
• It is a type of histogram.
• Data on the same character for the two different groups is
plotted on the vertical axis.
• A population pyramid can be used to compare differences
between male and female populations of an area.
• Population pyramids show the structure of a population by
comparing relative numbers of people in different age
groups.
• A population pyramid tells us about percentage of people
(male and female) living in that particular country. 11
Exercise 2.
Age & sex distribution of the population of the town A.
Draw the population pyramids for this distribution.

Age group (in years) Males Femal

es
0-4 7233 7159
5-9 7695 7354
10-14 6515 5893
15-19 4566 4139
20-24 3899 3993
25-29 3642 3799
30-34 3283 3312
35-39 3129 2922
40-44 2719 2435
45-49 2257 1899
50-54 2001 1753
55-59 1231 1071
60+ 3142 2989
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Total 51312 48718
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