4th Quarter – Lesson 4

Sampling Distribution
of the Sample Mean
(when the Variance is
Known)
 Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

• correctly describe the sampling distribution of the

sample mean;

• accurately compute the mean, variance, and

standard deviation of the sampling distribution of
the sample mean.
 Learn about It!

Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean

1 the probability distribution of the sample mean from all possible samples from a
population

Example:
Consider the set of all possible samples of size 2 from the
population {4,6,6}.
Learn about It!

Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean

1 the probability distribution of the sample mean from all possible samples from a
population

Sample Mean Frequency

5 2
6 1
 Learn about It!

2 Mean of the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean

If a population is normally distributed, then the mean of the sampling distribution
of the sample mean is equal to the population mean.

The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is

denoted by 𝜇𝑥 . This means that

𝝁𝒙 = 𝝁
 Learn about It!

2 Mean of the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean

If a population is normally distributed, then the mean of the sampling distribution
of the sample mean is equal to the population mean.

Example:
A population is normally distributed with a mean of 𝜇 = 60.
Hence, the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample
mean is 𝜇𝑥 = 60.
 Learn about It!

3 Variance of the Sampling Distribution of the

Sample Mean
also called the sampling variability; this shows how the sample mean varies from
sample to sample

The variance of the sampling distribution of the sample mean

is denoted by 𝜎𝑥 2 . This is equal to the population variance 𝜎 2
divided by the sample size 𝑛.
𝟐
𝟐
𝝈
𝝈𝒙 =
𝒏
 Learn about It!

3 Variance of the Sampling Distribution of the

Sample Mean
also called the sampling variability; this shows how the sample mean varies from
sample to sample

Example:
A population has a variance of 𝜎 = 10. A sample of size 𝑛 = 5
is taken from the population. Using these, we can compute
for the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
mean.
 Learn about It!

𝜎2
𝜎𝑥 2 =
𝑛
102
=
5
100
=
5
= 20

Thus, the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample

mean is 𝝈𝒙 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎.
 Learn about It!

4 Standard Deviation of the Sampling Distribution of

the Sample Mean
also called the standard error; this is used to measure the accuracy with which the
sample represents the population

If a population is normally distributed, then the standard

𝝈
error of the sampling distribution is given by 𝝈𝒙 = , where 𝜎
𝒏
is the population standard deviation and 𝑛 is the sample size.
 Learn about It!

4 Standard Deviation of the Sampling Distribution of

the Sample Mean
also called the standard error; this is used to measure the accuracy with which the
sample represents the population

Example:
A population has a standard deviation of 𝜎 = 5. A sample of
size 𝑛 = 10 is drawn from the population. The standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is
computed as follows.
 Learn about It!

𝜎
𝜎𝑥 =
𝑛
5
=
10
≈ 𝟏. 𝟓𝟖

Thus, the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of

the sample mean is 𝜎𝑥 ≈ 1.58.
 Try It!

Example 1: Ms. Linetti found out that the age of Grade 12 students is normally distributed
with an average of 16 years and a variance of 9. Determine the mean and standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean with a sample size of 100.

Solution:
1. Identify the given information.

The mean is 𝝁 = 𝟏𝟔.

The variance is 𝝈𝟐 = 𝟗.
It follows that the standard deviation is 𝝈 = 𝟑.
The sample size is 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎.
 Try It!

Example 1: Ms. Linetti found out that the age of Grade 12 students is normally distributed
with an average of 16 years and a variance of 9. Determine the mean and standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean with a sample size of 100.

Solution:
2. The population is normally distributed, so the mean of the
sampling distribution of the sample mean is equal to the
population mean.

𝝁𝒙 = 𝝁
= 𝟏𝟔
 Try It!

Example 1: Ms. Linetti found out that the age of Grade 12 students is normally distributed
with an average of 16 years and a variance of 9. Determine the mean and standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean with a sample size of 100.

Solution:
3. Compute for the standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean.
𝝈
𝝈𝒙 =
𝒏
𝟑
=
𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 𝟎. 𝟑
 Try It!

Example 1: Ms. Linetti found out that the age of Grade 12 students is normally distributed
with an average of 16 years and a variance of 9. Determine the mean and standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean with a sample size of 100.

Solution:
Therefore, the mean of the sampling distribution of the
sample mean is 𝝁𝒙 = 𝟏𝟔 years and the standard error is
𝝈𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟑 years.
 Try It!

Example 2: Determine the sample size if the variance of the

population is 117 and the standard error of the sample mean
is 3.
Solution:
1. List the given information.

The variance of the population is 𝝈𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟕.

The standard error is also the sampling distribution of the
sample mean, which is 𝝈𝒙 = 𝟑.
 Try It!

Example 2: Determine the sample size if the variance of the

population is 117 and the standard error of the sample mean
is 3.
Solution:
2. Compute for the variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample mean using the given standard error.
 Try It!

Example 2: Determine the sample size if the variance of the

population is 117 and the standard error of the sample mean
is 3.
Solution:
𝝈𝒙 = 𝝈𝟐𝒙

𝝈𝒙 𝟐
= 𝝈𝟐𝒙
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 = 𝝈𝒙
𝝈𝒙 𝟐 =𝟗
 Try It!

Example 2: Determine the sample size if the variance of the

population is 117 and the standard error of the sample mean
is 3.
Solution:
3. Solve for the sample size 𝑛 using the formula for the
variance of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
𝟐
𝝈
𝝈𝟐𝒙 =
𝒏
𝟏𝟏𝟕
𝟗=
𝒏
 Try It!

Example 2: Determine the sample size if the variance of the

population is 117 and the standard error of the sample mean
is 3.
Solution:
9𝑛 = 117
𝑛 = 13
Therefore, the sample size is 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟑.
Sampling Distribution
of the Sample Mean
(when the Variance is
Unknown)
 Objective

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

• accurately differentiate a sample variance from a

population variance; and

• correctly solve for the mean, variance, and standard

deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample
mean when the population variance is unknown.
Learn about It!

1 Variance of the Sampling Distribution of the

Sample Mean
If the population is normally distributed and the population standard deviation is
unknown, the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample man is estimated
by
𝒔 𝟐
𝝈𝒙ഥ 𝟐 =
𝒏
where 𝑠 2 is the sample variance, which is an unbiased estimate of 𝜎 2 , and 𝑛 is the
sample size.
 Learn about It!

Example:
In a normally distributed population, the sample variance is
𝒔𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 and the sample size is 𝒏 = 𝟐𝟎. Using the formula, we
can estimate the variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample mean.
𝒔𝟐
𝝈𝒙ഥ 𝟐 =
Thus, the variance of the 𝒏
sampling distribution of 𝟏𝟎𝟎
the sample mean is =
𝟐𝟎
𝝈𝒙ഥ 𝟐 = 𝟓. =𝟓
Learn about It!

2 Standard Deviation of the Sampling Distribution of

the Sample Mean
If the population is normally distributed and the population standard deviation is
unknown, the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
is estimated by
𝒔
𝝈𝒙 =
𝒏
where 𝑠 is the sample standard deviation and 𝑛 is the sample size.
 Learn about It!

Example:
A sample is taken from a normally distributed population.
The sample size is 𝑛 = 25 and the sample standard deviation
is 𝑠 = 40 . Thus, the standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean can be estimated as follows.

𝒔
𝝈𝒙 = Thus, the standard
𝒏
deviation of the sampling
𝟒𝟎 𝟒𝟎
= = =𝟖 distribution of sample
𝟐𝟓 𝟓 mean is 𝜎𝑥 = 8.
 Try It!

Example 1: A set of data is normally distributed with a

population mean of 35. What is the mean and standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
using a sample of size 𝑛 = 49 with a sample standard
deviation of 𝑠 = 4?
Solution:
1. List the given information.

The population mean is 𝝁 = 𝟑𝟓.

The sample standard deviation is 𝒔 = 𝟒.
The sample size is 𝒏 = 𝟒𝟗.
 Try It!

Example 1: A set of data is normally distributed with a

population mean of 35. What is the mean and standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
using a sample of size 𝑛 = 49 with a sample standard
deviation of 𝑠 = 4?
Solution:
2. Determine the population mean.

The population is normally distributed, so the mean of the

sampling distribution of the sample mean is equal to the
population mean.
 Try It!

Example 1: A set of data is normally distributed with a

population mean of 35. What is the mean and standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
using a sample of size 𝑛 = 49 with a sample standard
deviation of 𝑠 = 4?
Solution:
𝝁𝒙 = 𝝁
= 𝟑𝟓
 Try It!

Example 1: A set of data is normally distributed with a

population mean of 35. What is the mean and standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
using a sample of size 𝑛 = 49 with a sample standard
deviation of 𝑠 = 4?
Solution:
3. Estimate the standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean using the sample standard
deviation.
 Try It!

Example 1: A set of data is normally distributed with a

population mean of 35. What is the mean and standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
using a sample of size 𝑛 = 49 with a sample standard
deviation of 𝑠 = 4?
Solution:
𝒔
𝝈𝒙ഥ =
𝒏
𝟒
=
𝟒𝟗
≈ 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕
 Try It!

Example 1: A set of data is normally distributed with a

population mean of 35. What is the mean and standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
using a sample of size 𝑛 = 49 with a sample standard
deviation of 𝑠 = 4?
Solution:
Therefore, the mean and standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean are 𝝁𝒙ഥ = 𝟑𝟓 and 𝝈𝒙ഥ ≈ 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕,
respectively.
 Try It!

Example 2: Cady is interested in knowing the average

number of hours her batchmates watch TV in a week. She
computed 𝜎𝑥ҧ = 6 hours using a sample variance of 252 .
Identify the sample size she used.
Solution:
1. List the given information.

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the

sample mean is 𝝈𝒙 = 𝟔.
It follows that the variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample mean is 𝝈𝒙ഥ 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔.
The sample variance is 𝒔𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓𝟐.
 Try It!

Solution:
2. Solve for the sample size using the formula for the
variance of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
𝟐 𝒔𝟐 𝟐𝟓𝟐
𝝈𝒙ഥ = 𝒏=
𝒏 𝟑𝟔
𝟐𝟓𝟐
𝟑𝟔 = 𝒏=𝟕
𝒏

Therefore, Cady used a sample of size 7.