REVISION QUESTIONS

1(a)(i) Define esterification.

(ii) Give two uses of alkanoates.

(iii) Give the products of the alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl ethanoate.

(b)(i) Draw the structure of the sixth member of the alkenes.

(ii) Calculate the relative molecular mass of the sixth member of the alkene.

(iii) State one difference between cracking and reforming in the petroleum industry. [H = 1, C = 12]

(c) An electrochemical cell is constructed with copper and silver electrodes.

(i) State which of the electrodes will be the: 1. anode; II. cathode.

(ii) Give the reason for your answer in 1(c)(i).

(iii) State the type of reaction occurring at each electrode.

(iv) Write a balanced equation for the overall cell reaction.

(d)(i) Name the compound formed when iron is exposed to moist air for a long time.

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in 1(d)(i).

2(a)(i) State two industrial uses of hydrogen.

(ii) Consider the equation below. Mg(HCO3)2(aq) → MgCO3(g) + H220(l) + CO2(g)

1. State the type of hardness of water being removed as shown by the above equation.

2. Give two disadvantages of hardness of water.6

(b)(i) 1. State the periodic law.

2. What is meant by the term periodic property of elements?

(ii) List three properties of an element which show periodicity.

(iii) Explain briefly how each of the properties listed in (b)(ii) in varies across the period.

(c) Define relative atomic mass.

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(d)(i) What phenomenon is exhibited by an element Z which exist as
17
Z and
17
X

(ii) What accounts for the difference in the mass numbers of the element Z?
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(iii) Calculate the relative atomic mass of Z if the percentage abundance of
17
X is 75%

3 (a) (i) Write the molecular formula of X.

(ii) What type of reaction is represented by the equation?

(iii) Draw the structure of two isomers of X.

(iv) Name the isomers drawn in (a)(iii).

(v) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between X and hydrogen.

(b)(i) State the method used for collecting each of the following gases: I. CO II. HCI III. H22

(ii) Give a reason for your answer stated in (b)(i) I and II

(c) (i) Draw the structures of the isomers of the alkene with molecular formular C 4H8
(ii) State the class of alkanols to which each of the following compounds belongs:

(d) (i) Write the formulae of the products formed in the following reactions:

(ii) Name the major product(s) of each of the reactions in (d)(i).

4(a) A gaseous hydrocarbon R of mass 7.0 g occupies a volume of 2.24 dm3 at s. t.p. If the
percentage composition by mass of hydrogen is 14.3, determine its:
(i) empirical formula;

(ii) molecular formula. [ H = 1.00, C = 12.0, Molar volume of gas at s.t.p, = 22.4 dm 33 ]
(b) Define structural isomerism.

(c)(i) Name a suitable drying agent for the preparation of carbon (IV) oxide in the laboratory.

(ii) Using one chemical test, distinguish between carbon (II) oxide and carbon (IV) oxide.
(d)(i) Describe briefly how oxygen and nitrogen could be obtained separately from air on an industrial
scale

(ii) State how a lighted splint can be used to distinguish between samples of oxygen and nitrogen.

(e) An organic compound of relative molecular mass 46, on analysis vas ound to contain 52.0%
carbon, 13.3% hydrogen and 34.7% oxygen.

(i) Determine its I. empirical formula, II. molecular formula.

(ii) Draw two possible structures of the compound and name one of them [O = 16; C = 12; H = 1 ]

5(a)(i) Give three characteristics of homologous series.

(ii) Name two groups of compounds which form such a series.

(b) A saturated organic compound A containing two carbon atoms reacted with ethanoic acid in the
presence of a mineral acid to form a compound B with a sweet smell. (i) Name the functional group
present in A.

(ii) Draw the structure of A.

(iii) Write a chemical equation to show the formation of B.

(iv) Name the compound B.

(c)(i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between ethyne and excess bromine.

(ii) Give IUPAC name of the product of the reaction in (c)(i)

(iii) State two conditions under which cracking takes place

(d)(i) Outline the preparation of ethanol from starch.

(ii) Give two properties of starch.

(iii) Give a reason why starch does not reduce Fehlings solution

(iv) Describe briefly a chemical test to confirm the presence of starch.

6(a)(i) Name two gases that could be used to perform the fountain experiment.

(ii) State the physical property which makes the gases suitable for the experiment in (a)(i)

(b)(i) Define each of the following terms: I. solubility; II. saturated solution.

(ii) State two factors that affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid.
(iii) A salt Z of mass 10.2 g was dissolved in 15.4 cm33 of distilled water at 40°C. Calculate the
solubility of Z in moldm33 at 40°C. [Mr (Z) = 331].
(c)(i) Town water supplies that have passed through iron pipes contain P and Q ions. In the presence
of air, P ions are slowly converted to Q ions.

I. Identify P and Q ions. II. Write a balanced equation for the reaction between P ions, hydrogen ions
and oxygen to give Q ions and water.

(ii) Explain briefly a test to confirm the purity of water.

(iii) State the effect of:

I. boiling a temporally hard water. II. adding sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) crystals to permanent hard
water;

(iv) Write a balanced equation for the process in (c)(iii)I.

(d) Write a two-step balanced chemical equation for the reaction of (i) ethanol with excess
concentration traoxosulphate (VI) acid at high temperature

(ii) excess ethanol with concentrated tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid at lower temperature.

7(a)(i) Define the term functional group.

(ii) Name the functional groups present in the following compound:

(b) Consider the following structure of an organic compound, Q.

(i) Name compound Q.

(ii) Write the balanced equation for the complete combustion of compound Q.

(iii) What type of reaction will compound Q undergo with chlorine?

(vi) Draw the structure of-the alkene that is an isomer of compound Q.

(c) A chemistry student was provided with four samples of organic compounds, A, B, C, and D.
Samples A and B each decolourized bromine in tetrachloromethane but only sample B reacted with a
solution of ammoniacal silver trioxonitrate (V) to give a white precipitate. Sample D reacted with
sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) to liberate carbon (IV) oxide. When heat was applied to the mixture of
samples C and D in a test tube and drops of concentrated tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid added, a
product with a fruity odour was formed.

(i) Name the family of organic compounds to which samples A, B, C, and D belong.

(ii) State why samples A and B reacted with bromine in tetrachloromethane.

(iii) State the reason why sample B gave a white precipitate with the solution of ammoniacal silver
trioxocarbonate (V).
(iv) Give the name of the reactions between' samples C and D.

(v) State the two roles of the concentrated tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid in the reaction in (a)(iv).

(d) (i) Describe briefly the production of biogas using a biogas generator.

(ii) State two uses of biogas.

8(a)Define the term solubility.

(b) The table below gives the solubility of salt Z at various temperatures

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Temperature (°C)
Solubility (mol dm−3) 0.13 0.21 0.31 0.45 0.63 0.85 1.10

(i) Plot a graph of solubility against temperature.

(ii) From the graph determine the solubility of salt Z at 35°C.

(iii) If 100cm−3of the saturated solution is cooled from 55°C to 35°C, calculate the mass of salt Z that
would crystallize out. [Molar mass of salt Z = 100 g]

(c)(i) Write a balanced equation to illustrate the reaction of AI2O3 with dilute I. HCI; II. NaOH.

(ii) What is the name given to an oxide that exhibits both acidic and basic properties?

(iii) Give one metallic oxide which exhibit these properties.

(d)(i) Determine the oxidation number of: I. Al in [Al (H2O)6]3+; II. H in NaH.

(ii) Give the IUPAC name of each of the following substances; I. CuSO 4.5H2O; II. CaCO3; Ill. KMnO4.

9. The following table gives the atomic numbers of elements V, W, X, Y and Z.

Element V W X Y Z
Atomic number 11 16 18 19 24

(a)Which of the elements: (i) belong(s) to group 1?

(ii) is/are rare gas(es)?

(iii) form(s) coloured compound(s)?

(iv) form(s) an anion?

(v) react(s) with water to liberate hydrogen?

(vi) react(s) with water to form alkaline solution?

(b) What is the:

(i) charge on the ion formed in (a)(iv) above?

(ii) group of the element(s) in (a)(i) above?

(c)(i) Write the formula of the compound formed between element V and element W.

(ii) Sate the type of bond formed in (c)(i) above. Explain your answer.

(d)(i) What is a covalent compound?

(ii) Give two factors that influence covalent bonding.

(iii) State the type of bond that exists in each of the following substances: MgO, NH 3 and Fe.

(iv) What are intermolecular forces?

(e) (i)Give one chemical test to distinguish between propene and propane.

(ii) Outline how three colourless gases suspected to be ethane, ethene and ethyne could be distinguished in
the laboratory.

10(a)(i) Give the two reasons why soda lime is used instead of caustic soda in the preparation of
methane.

(ii) List two physical properties of methane.

(iii) A hydrocarbon with a vapour density of 29 contains 82.76% carbon and 17.24% hydrogen.
Determine the: I. empirical formula; II. molecular formula of the hydrocarbon. [ H = 1.00 C = 12.00 ]

(b)(i) What is meant by the term isomerism?

(ii) Draw the structures of the two isomers of the compound with the molecular formula C 2H6O.
(iii) Give the name of each of the isomers in (b)(ii).

(iv) State the major difference between the isomers.

(c) Consider the following oxides: CaO, SiO2, CO, NO2 and ZnO. Which of the oxide(s)
(i) is an acidic oxide that is insoluble in water?

(ii) reacts with water to give alkaline solution?

(iii) is amphoteric?

(iv) is neutral?
(v) is/are gaseous at room temperature?

(d) Draw the structures of the following compounds:

(i) 2,3-dimethylbutane;

(ii) 1,4-dibromocyclohexane.

11(a) Define the following terms:(i) Saturated solution; (ii) Solubility.

(b) In an experiment to determine the solubility of a given salt Y, the following data were provided:

Mass of dry empty dish = 7.16 g

Mass of dish + saturated solution of salt Y = 17.85 g

Mass of dish + salt Y = 9.30 g Temperature of solution = °C

Molar mass of salt Y = 100

Density of solution Y = 1.00 g cm−3 Calculate the solubility of salt Y in

(i) g dm−3of solution, (ii) mol dm−3 of solution.
(c) State the type of bond broken on melting each of the following substances:
(i) NaCI(s) (ii) CO2(s) (iii) SiO2(s) (iv) Al(s)
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(d)(i) What are isotopes? (ii) Lithium exists as Li and Li in the ratio 2:25. Calculate the relative
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atomic mass of the lithium.
(e)(i) What is a homologous series?

(ii) Give two homologous series present in petroleum

(iii) Give one example of a compound belonging to each of the homologous series in (a)(ii).

(iv) Name two fractions obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum

(v) Why is there a gradual change in the physical properties of petroleum fractions?