ENGLISH MODULE

PREPARING A PRESENTATION

Compilated by Heppy Mutammimah, S.Pd.I., M.Pd.

State Polytechnic of Banjarmasin
2023
 PREPARING A PRESENTATION

Method Time Allocation Learning Outcomes

Team-based 3x 50’ minutes 1. Students are able to identify expressions used in
approach giving a presentation.
2. Students are able to make an outline of a
presentation.
3. Students are able to prepare material of a
presentation.
4. Students are able to deliver a presentation.

Content
1.1.Pre-Activity
A. Look at the picture and answer the questions that follow!

Source: https://www.galchimia.com/how-to-crash-your-own-presentation/

1. What is the standing man doing?

2. What makes a presentation a bad presentation?
3. What are needed to give a good presentation?
4. Have you given a presentation in English?
 B. Match the useful phrases next to the tips for presentation.
1. I’d like to talk you through the a. Refer to the audience’s knowledge
following (three) points. b. Refer to what images you are showing
2. Firstly, … / Next, … c. Tell them the structure of your
3. Finally, I’m going to talk to you presentation
about … d. Use signal words to help them follow
4. As you can see, / You’ll notice you
that… e. Tell them when you’re moving on
5. I’d now like to tell you about … f. Show them when you’re near the end
6. As you know, … g. Tell them the main points one last time
7. Do you have any questions? h. Open up the discussion
8. In summary, …

1.2. English Presentation Skill

There are some skills and appropriate expression to deliver a presentation effectively
in English. Those skills include the ability to open and close the presentation, signal the
different parts of the talk, non-verbal communication and handle questions effectively.
According to Dignen (1999) a good presentation should:
1. involve the audience in which you are supposed to establish clear objectives at the
introduction and create interest and promote involvement,
2. be clearly structured and link the different section together,
3. involve the use of visual aids effectively,
4. employ appropriate non-verbal language: gesture, facial expression, eye contact,
5. involve effective use of voice: volume, rhythm, pauses, intonation, and 6. be prepared
thoroughly
Part 1. Starting, Signaling, and Closing
Expressions for Introduction
No Functions Expressions
1 Greeting Good morning (to you all)
Good afternoon
Good evening
Assalamualaikum, Wr.Wb.
Peace be upon you all
2 Addressing Ladies and gentlemen,
Everybody,
Dear Colleagues,
Dear Professors,
Brothers and sisters,
My dear classmate,
3 Introducing self (and Let me introduce myself, my name’s...
affiliation/profession/posi tion) Allow me to introduce myself, my name’s ...
My name’s ......, I’m a ..... in ....
My name’s ......, I represent....
My name’s ......, I’m from ....
4 Opening remarks It’s good to be here (today)
It’s a (great) pleasure to be here (today)
I’m glad to be here (today)
I’m honoured to be here
5 Starting The title of my presentation is …
I’d like to talk today about …
My topic today is …
I’d like to discuss today about …
a) Starting with a Have you ever wondered why…?
question/problem Did you know that …?
How many people here today ever …?
How would you…?
Do you ever …?
b) Starting with a story/joke Would you like to hear a story/joke?
Let me start by telling you a story/joke.
c) Starting with facts /opinion According to the latest research …
Statistics show that …
Did you know that …?
I’ve read somewhere the other day that …
6 Planning I have divided my talk into…
The first point of my talk is…
My second point is
 Task 1. Work in small group 4-5 person. Think of a topic then fill in the form below with
the expressions you have chosen to start your talk!

No Function Your choice of expression

1 Greeting
2 Addressing
3 Introducing self (and
affiliation/profession/position)
4 Opening remarks
5 Starting
6 Planning

Expressions When Delivering the Content by using signaling

There are some expressions to show/ signal the parts in presentation. The expressions
used to link the parts as follow:
No Functions Expressions
7 Sequencing ideas Firstly/secondly/thirdly/next/ then/ after that...
8 Opening a new section Let’s now look at the...
Let me now turn to....
Let’s move on to...
I’d like now to move on to...
I’d like now turn to....
The next point is...
Now, let me describe…
9 Exploring a list of things Concerning....
Regarding....
In relation to....
10 Adding ideas In addition to this....
Moreover....
Therefore..../so....
Despite/however...
Although…
11 Highlighting and emphasizing I’d like to focus on...
I’d like to emphasize/stress....
 This is very, very difficult problem.
We need to do something. It does seem like....
It is important…

Expressions for Closing

Here are some expressions to close/ end the presentation:
No Functions Expressions
12 Signalling the end Ok, that brings me to the end of my
talk/presentation.
This is the end of my talk/presentation.
So, that's all I have to say....
I come to the end of my talk/presentation....
13 Summarizing To sum up,..
In brief, ...
Before I stop, let me just ...
If I can briefly summarize....
14 Concluding To conclude, I'd like to say....
I'd like to finish by saying....
In conclusion....
15 Inviting questions I’d be glad to answer any questions.
That brings me to the end of my presentation,
I’d be glad to answer any questions.
16 Closing Thank you.
Thank you for your attention.
Thank you for listening attentively

Task 2. In your group, fill in the charts below with the expressions you want to use in
closing your presentation!

Signalling the Summarizing Concluding

end
 Inviting Closing
questions

Part 2. Preparing a Presentation

Preparation is everything in the presentation. Good planning and preparation will make
you totally confident and less nervous in delivering the presentation. If you are confident, the
audience will feel it and they will be confident in you. This situation will give you control of
your audience and your presentation. Finally, they will listen positively to your message.
Planning the Presentation
Preparing a presentation can be an overwhelming experience if you allow it to be one.
The strategies and steps below are provided to help you break down what you might view as a
large job into smaller and more manageable tasks.
Step 1: Analyzing the audience
The first step in preparing a presentation is to learn
more about the audience to whom you'll be speaking. It's
a good idea to obtain some information on the
backgrounds, values, and interests of your audience so
that you understand what the audience members might
expect from your presentation.
Source: https://bit.ly/3f4qbWS
Step 2: Selecting the topic
If possible select a topic that is of interest to the
audience and to you. It will be much easier to deliver a
presentation that the audience finds relevant, and more
enjoyable to research a topic that is of interest to you. Source: https://bit.ly/3N9w4ys

Task 3. Still in your group, choose a topic for your presentation and find some material
related to your topic.
Step 3: Defining the purpose/ the objective of the presentation
Once you have selected a topic, write the objective of the presentation in a single
concise statement. The objective needs to specify exactly what you want your audience to learn
from your presentation. Base the objective and the level of the content on the amount of time
you have for the presentation and the background knowledge of the audience. Use this
statement to help keep you focused as you research and develop the presentation.
Preparing content of the Presentation
A well organised presentation with a clear content and structure is easier for the
audience to follow. It is therefore more effective. You should organise the points you wish to
make in a logical order. Most presentations are organised in three parts, followed by questions:
Beginning Short introduction • welcome your audience
• Attention getter
• introduce your subject
• explain the structure of your presentation
• explain rules for questions
Middle Body of presentation present the subject itself
End Short conclusion • summarise your presentation
• invite questions
• adequate ending (thank your audience)

Questions and Answers

Step 4: Preparing the introduction

Make sure the introduction captures the attention of your audience. During the opening
of your presentation, it's important to attract the audience's attention and build their interest. If
you don't, listeners will turn their attention elsewhere and you'll have a difficult time getting it
back. Strategies that you can use include the following:
• Make the introduction relevant to the listeners' goals, values, and needs
• Ask questions to stimulate thinking
• Share a personal experience
• Begin with a joke or humorous story
• Project a cartoon or colorful visual
• Make a stimulating or inspirational statement
• Give a unique demonstration.
During the opening you want to clearly present your topic and the purpose of your
presentation. Clearly articulating the topic and purpose will help the listeners focus on and
easily follow your main ideas.
Step 5: Preparing the body of the presentation
The body of the presentation is where you present your ideas. To present your ideas
convincingly, you will need to illustrate and support them. Strategies to help you do this include
the following:
• Present data and facts
• Read quotes from experts
• Relate personal experiences
• Provide vivid descriptions
And remember, as you plan the body of your presentation it's important to provide
variety. Listeners may quickly become bored by lots of facts or they may tire of hearing story
after story.
Step 6: Preparing the conclusion
The conclusion summarizes and reiterates your important points. During the conclusion
of your presentation, reinforce the main ideas you communicated. Remember that listeners
won't remember your entire presentation, only the main ideas. By reinforcing and reviewing
the main ideas, you help the audience remember them.
Practicing and Delivering the Presentation
Step 7: Practicing and delivering the presentation
Most people spend hours preparing a presentation but very little time practicing it.
When you practice your presentation, you can reduce the number of times you utter words and
phrases like, "um," "well," and "you know." These habits can easily diminish a speaker's
credibility. You can also fine-tune your content to be sure you make your most important points
in the time allocated.

Task 4. In your previous group, make the outline of your presentation!

Presentation Outline

Topic:

Purpose/ Objective:
Title:

Time:

Introduction

welcome your audience:

Attention getter:

Introduce the subject:

Explain the structure of the presentation:

Explain rules for questions:

Body

First main point:

Second main point:

Third main point:

Conclusion/ Ending

Summary of main point:

Invite Question:

Adequate ending:
Part 3. Non Verbal Communication and Handling Questions
Non Verbal Communication
Beside the ability to use the expressions appropriately, in the presentation a speaker
also needs to show appropriate gestures and facial expressions and applies appropriate
loudness, pitch, and intonation. According to Anderson et al. (2004), there are several non-
verbal communication aspects a speaker needs to have. They are:
Aspect of Non-verbal Expected Conducts
Communication
Posture • stand straight but not stiff
• balance your weight evenly on both feet
• standing well helps diaphragm to produce air easily
Movement and • too much movement is distracting, no movement at all is
gesture boring and uncommunicative
• use movement and gesture to signal transition points or to
stress points of importance
• avoid meaningless gestures and repetitive movements
Facial expression • your facial expression must match the message
• relax facial muscles, if you look nervous the audience will not
feel comfortable
• 10 minutes before starting, make sure the tongue is relaxed
Voice • speak a little louder than you think is necessary
• speak a little slowly than you normally do
• use the voice as a communication tool, vary the speed, speak
slowlier in the introduction and conclusion, stress in points and
contrasts
Eye contact • look at people! eye contact creates relationship between the
speaker and the audience
• start and end with direct eye contact, looking round the whole
audience, don’t talk to the visual aids
• don’t focus the gaze at one section only; worse to one person
only, don’t dart the eyes quickly like a searchlight, focus on
 one person or group for 1-2 seconds; then look at another
person or group

Task 5. Still in your group, explore and observe the video presentation. What do you think
of the presenters’ performance? Use the table below to help you.
in the checklist form concerning your performance.
Non-verbal aspects Your comment
you observed
Posture
Movement and gesture
Facial expression
Voice
Eye contact

Handling Questions
After a paper presentation, a discussion session is usually held. In this session,
participants (audience) ask questions related to the topic being presented. Your ability to
handle audience’s questions is regarded as one of the important skills in presentation skills.
Some of the expressions you can use can be seen in the table below:

No Function Expressions
17 Answering directly • Well, as I understand it…
• Well, according to our results…
• Ok, I think I can answer that quite simply…
18 Playing for time • Let me see….Well, I suppose I’d say…
• That’s an interesting/very good question. Well…
19 Handling complex • Well, those are really two different questions.
Questions • Your first question/point was about…
• I’ll deal with your second question/point first, if I
may.
• Let me try to answer your questions one by one.
20 Dealing with awkward • I haven’t had time to look into that, sorry.
questions • I really had no idea/I’m not quite sure.
 • I’m not absolutely sure, but I’d guess that…
• I don’t really have any experience of that, but is there
anyone who might like to comment?
• I’m not so sure, can anyone help?
• That’s rather outside my field.

Summary
This chapter deals with the discussion of preparing a presentation. An effective
presentation can be performed by preparing it well. Some skills needed in the presentation
are the ability to use the expression to open, deliver, close the presentation, and signal the
different parts of the talk, non-verbal communication and handle questions effectively.

Practice Exercise

In your previous group, do your presentation and record it! After that upload your
recording/ video in the social media/ YouTube!
in the checklist form concerning your performance.

References
Diyanti, B Yuniar. English Presentation Skills. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Mandang, Selvie Ratna Ivone. 2018. Teaching Material: English Presentation Skills.
Politeknik Negeri Manado