Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2023

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

In Statistics S3 (WST03)
Paper 01
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Summer 2023
Question Paper Log Number 73489
Publications Code WST02_01_2306_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2023
 General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.

• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded

for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for
omissions.

• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to

their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.

• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should

be used appropriately.

• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark
scheme.

• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the

principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.

• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.
 General Instructions for Marking

The total number of marks for the paper is 75.

Edexcel Mathematics mark schemes use the following types of marks:

‘M’ marks
These are marks given for a correct method or an attempt at a correct method.
In Mechanics they are usually awarded for the application of some mechanical
principle to produce an equation, e.g. resolving in a particular direction; taking
moments about a point; applying a suvat equation; applying the conservation of
momentum principle; etc.

The following criteria are usually applied to the equation.

To earn the M mark, the equation

(i) should have the correct number of terms
(ii) each term needs to be dimensionally correct

For example, in a moments equation, every term must be a ‘force x distance’

term or ‘mass x distance’, if we allow them to cancel ‘g’ s.

For a resolution, all terms that need to be resolved (multiplied by sin or cos)
must be resolved to earn the M mark.

‘M’ marks are sometimes dependent (DM) on previous M marks having been
earned, e.g. when two simultaneous equations have been set up by, for
example, resolving in two directions and there is then an M mark for solving the
equations to find a particular quantity – this M mark is often dependent on the
two previous M marks having been earned.

‘A’ marks
These are dependent accuracy (or sometimes answer) marks and can only be
awarded if the previous M mark has been earned. e.g. M0 A1 is impossible.

‘B’ marks
These are independent accuracy marks where there is no method (e.g. often
given for a comment or for a graph).

A and B marks may be f.t. – follow through – marks.

General Abbreviations

These are some of the traditional marking abbreviations that will appear in the
mark schemes:
• bod means benefit of doubt
• ft means follow through
o the symbol will be used for correct ft
• cao means correct answer only
• cso means correct solution only, i.e. there must be no errors in this part of
the question to obtain this mark
• isw means ignore subsequent working
 • awrt means answers which round to
• SC means special case
• oe means or equivalent (and appropriate)
• dep means dependent
• indep means independent
• dp means decimal places
• sf means significant figures
• * means the answer is printed on the question paper
• means the second mark is dependent on gaining the first mark

All A marks are ‘correct answer only’ (cao.), unless shown, for example, as A1 ft
to indicate that previous wrong working is to be followed through. After a
misread however, the subsequent A marks affected are treated as A ft, but
manifestly absurd answers should never be awarded A marks.

For misreading which does not alter the character of a question or materially
simplify it, deduct two from any A or B marks gained, in that part of the question
affected.

If a candidate makes more than one attempt at any question:

• If all but one attempt is crossed out, mark the attempt which is NOT
crossed out.
• If either all attempts are crossed out or none are crossed out, mark all the
attempts and score the highest single attempt.

Ignore wrong working or incorrect statements following a correct answer.

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
1 (a) When the data is ordinal e.g. Judges’ ranks B1
When a non-linear relationship might be expected B1
(2)
(b) H0 :  = 0 , H1 :   0 B1
Critical value rs = –0.6485 or CR: rs − 0.6485 ( and rs 0.6485 ) B1
Reject H0 or significant or lies in the critical region M1
The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient shows there is sufficient evidence of a
A1
correlation [between the length and maximum diameter of the melons]
(4)
(c) H0 :  = 0 , H1 :   0 B1
Critical value r = −0.5494 or CR: r − 0.5494 B1
The product moment correlation coefficient shows there is insufficient evidence of a
B1
negative correlation [between the length and maximum diameter of the melons]
(3)
Notes Total 9
(a) B1 For one correct condition
B1 For a second correct condition. Condone not underlying normal
(b) B1 For both hypotheses correct. Must be in terms of  . Must be attached to H0 and H1
For critical value of –0.6485 (Allow –0.5636 if a one tailed test is stated for H1)
B1
Condone 0.6485 if compared with 0.673
A correct statement – no context needed but do not allow contradicting non contextual
M1 comments. ft their CV provided the CV is negative (May be implied by a correct
conclusion) Condone a positive CV if a comparison with 0.673 seen
For a correct conclusion which is rejecting H0 Allow negative correlation This mark is
A1
independent of the hypotheses
(c) B1 For both hypotheses correct. Must be in terms of  . Must be attached to H0 and H1
For critical value of –0.5494 (Allow –0.6319 if a two tailed test is stated for H1)
B1
Condone 0.5494 if compared with 0.525
B1 For a correct conclusion which is not rejecting H0
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
60  60 60  84 60  96
2 (a) or or M1
240 240 240
15 and 21 and 24 A2
(3)
H0 : There is no association between the payment amount and payment method used
(b) B1
H1 : There is an association between the payment amount and payment method used
(O − E )
2

Observed Expected
E
( 23 − '15')
23 15 = 4.2667
'15' M1
( 21 − ' 21')
21 21 =0
' 21'
(16 − ' 24 ')
16 24 = 2.6667
' 24 '
 2 = 2.4048 + ' 4.2667 '+ '0' + ' 2.6667 ' M1
= 9.3381… awrt 9.34 A1
 = (3 − 1)(3 − 1) = 4 2
4 (0.05) = 9.488  CR: X 2 9.488 B1 B1ft
[Not in the CR/Not significant/Do not reject H0] There is no evidence of an association
dA1
between the payment amount and payment method used
(7)
Notes Total 10
(a) M1 For a correct method for finding one expected value
For all 3 answers correct
A2
(A1 for 2 correct answers or 1 correct and 3 values that sum to 60)
Both hypotheses correct. Must mention method and amount with payment at least once.
(b) B1
(may be written in terms of independence)
For a correct method for finding all three contributions to the  value ft their part a May
2

M1 be implied by 3 correct values If expected values are incorrect then working must be
shown
For adding their values to 2.4048 (If all 9 values are calculated the 6 values not found in
M1
part (a) must have working shown or the correct values seen or awrt 9.34)
A1 awrt 9.34
B1 v = 4 This mark can be implied by a correct critical value of 9.488
B1ft 9.488 or better ft their DoF
Dependent on both M marks. A correct contextualised conclusion which is not rejecting
H0
dA1 Must mention method and amount. If no hypotheses or they are the wrong way round,
then A0 here. Contradictory statements score A0. e.g. “Significant, do not reject H 0
”.Condone “relationship” or “connection” here but not “correlation”.
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
3 (a) It is not a statistic as it involves unknown [population] parameter B1
(1)
3 5  3 5
(b) E( S ) = E  X 1 + X 2  = E( X 1 ) + E( X 2 ) M1
5 7  5 7
3 5 46
= + =  So S is a biased estimator for  A1
5 7 35
(2)
46 11
(c) '  '−  =  B1ft
35 35
(1)
E(Y ) = aE( X 1 ) + bE( X 2 ) = 
(d) M1
 ( a + b)  = 
a +b =1 A1
(2)
(e) Var (Y ) = a 2 Var( X 1 ) + b 2 Var( X 2 ) = ( a 2 + b 2 )  2 M1
Var (Y ) = ( a 2 + ' (1 − a ) '2 )  2 M1
Var (Y ) = ( 2a 2 − 2a + 1)  2 * A1*
(3)
Notes Total 9
(a) B1 For a correct explanation Allow  is unknown (Do not allow  is unknown variance)
(b) M1 For writing or using E( S ) = aE( X 1 ) + bE( X 2 ) Condone missing subscripts
A1 cao (Allow 1.31    )
(c) B1ft Follow through their part (a) – 
For writing or using E(Y ) = aE( X 1 ) + bE( X 2 ) =  (May be implied by a + b = 1 )
(d) M1
Condone missing subscripts
A1 Cao
(e) M1 For writing or using Var (Y ) = a 2 Var( X1 ) + b2 Var( X 2 ) Condone missing subscripts
M1 For substitution of b = 1 − a ft their part (d) into their expression for Var(Y)
A1* Answer is given so no incorrect working must be seen
Question
Scheme Mark
Number
0 t0
a +1 1
 a +1 2  2 t  
2

 a 25 t dt =
 25  2  or F(t ) =  t 2 0 t < 5 or
4 (a)  a  25 M1
 1 t 5
1 2 2 
 ( a + 1) + a  ( a + 1 − a )
2  25 25 
1
25
(( a + 1) − a 2
2
) or
1
25
2 1
( a + 1) − a 2
25
or
 1 1 1 
 a + + a
 25 25 25 
M1

1 2
25
( a + 2a + 1 − a 2 ) oe  = ( 2a + 1)  *
 25
1

A1*

(3)
H 0 : The data could be modelled by the p.d.f
(b) B1
H1 : The data could not be modelled by the p.d.f
M1
Expected frequencies: 6, 18, 30, 42, 54
A1
(O − E ) (10 − '6') ( 68 − '54')
2 2 2

 E
=
'6'
+ ... +
'54'
2 2 2
M1
O 10 68
or  −N = + ... + − 150 or 2.666…+ 1.388…+ 1.2 + 1.166…+ 3.629
E '6' '54'
= 10.05… awrt 10.1 A1
 =4 B1
 4 2 (0.05) = 9.488  CR 9.488 B1ft
[In the CR so there is sufficient evidence to reject H0]
Sufficient evidence to say that data does not fit the given p.d.f dA1
(8)
Total
Notes
11
(a) M1 For correct integration, ignore limits or finding the area of a trapezium

M1
For substitution of the limits. May be implied by
1 2
25
( )
a + 2a + 1 − a 2 or simplifying the
expression for the area of the trapezium
Answer is given so no incorrect working should be seen. At least one correct line of working
A1*
from the method mark to the final answer should be seen
Both hypotheses correct.
(b) B1
Allow H 0 : The p.d.f/ f (t ) is a suitable model H1 : The p.d.f/ f (t ) is not a suitable model
1
For a correct method to find at least one expected frequency e.g.  150 Ignore any
M1 25
reference to limits
A1 For all 5 expected frequencies correct
For an attempt at the test statistic, at least 2 correct expressions/values ft their expected
M1
frequencies
A1 awrt 10.1
B1 v = 4 This mark can be implied by a correct critical value of 9.488
B1ft 9.488 or better ft their DoF
Dependent on 2nd M1. A correct conclusion based on their  2 critical value
dA1
If no hypotheses or they are the wrong way round, then A0 here.
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
5
5 (a) x  1.6449  M1 B1
10
x  2.60  ( x − 2.60, x + 2.60 ) * A1*
(3)
3
(b) y  1.96  M1 B1
20
y  1.31  ( y − 1.31, y + 1.31) A1
(3)
 5 3 
2 2

(c)(i) X −Y N   − , +   X − Y N ( 0, 2.95 ) M1 A1
 10 20 
(ii) Do not overlap when either
x − 2.60  y + '1.31' or x + 2.60  y − '1.31' M1
x − y  3.91 or x − y  −3.91 A1ft
 '3.91'− '0' 
2  P( X − Y  3.91) = 2  P  Z   =  2  P( Z  2.276...)  M1 M1
 ' 2.95 ' 
 2  0.0113 = 0.0226 (calculator gives  2  0.0114... = 0.0228 ) A1
(7)
Notes Total 3
5
(a) M1 For use of x  z value 
10
B1 For use of z = 1.6449 or better
A1* Answer is given so no incorrect working should be seen (condone use of 1.645)
3
(b) M1 For use of y  z value 
20
B1 For use of z = 1.96 or better
A1 For ( y − awrt1.31, y + awrt1.31) Allow 1.315
(c)(i) M1 For a correct method to find the variance (May be seen in a standardisation expression)
 52 32 
A1 For N ( 0, 2.95) (May be seen in a standardisation expression) Allow N  0, +  oe
 10 20 
(ii) M1 For x − 2.60  y + 1.31 oe or x + 2.60  y − 1.31 oe ft part (b)
A1ft For x − y  '3.91' or x − y  − '3.91' ft part (b)
M1 For multiplying by 2 (may be seen at any stage of their working)
For standardising ft their 3.91, their mean and their standard deviation (Do not allow use
M1
of 2.6 or 1.31 as their 3.91)
A1 For answers in the range awrt 0.0226 – awrt 0.0228
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
6 (a)  = 5.1 B1
1694.65 − 65  ('5.1')2
= M1
64
= 0.25 A1
(3)
H0 :  A =  B
(b) B1
H1 :  A  B
5.0 − '5.1'
z=
0.242 '0.25'2 M1 M1
+
70 65
= −2.367... awrt –2.37 A1
One tailed c.v. z = − 1.6449 or CR: z − 1.6449 B1
In CR/Significant/Reject H 0 M1
Sufficient evidence to support Roxane’s claim A1
(7)
(c) Since the sample is large the CLT applies. M1
No [need to assume that the fat content is normally distributed] A1
(2)
(d) Assumed that s =  in both groups
2 2
B1
(1)
Notes Total 13
(a) B1 cao
M1 For a correct method to find  using their 
A1 Cao
(b) B1 Both hypotheses correct. Allow equivalent hypotheses. Must be in terms of 
M1 For correct standard error ft their s in part a
M1 For an attempt to find the test statistic, ft their SE and their 
A1 awrt –2.37 (Allow 2.37)
B1 −1.6449 or better (seen) (Allow 1.6449 or better if comparing to their 2.37)
A correct statement – need not be contextual but do not allow contradicting non
M1
contextual comments. ft their CV and test statistic
A correct contextual statement e.g sufficient evidence to support that crisps from brand
A1 A have a lower fat content than the crisps from brand B (must include the words in
bold)
(c) M1 A suitable comment that mentions large and CLT
A1 A correct answer, context not required.
(d) B1 For the assumption that sample variance = population variance for both groups
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
7 (a) E( X ) = 4  15 − 3  10[= 30] M1
Var( X ) = 42  52 + 32  42 [ = 544] M1
So X N(30, 544)
 40 − '30' 
P( X  40) = P  Z    = P ( Z  0.428...)  M1
 ' 544 ' 
= 0.6664 (Calculator gives 0.6659…) awrt 0.666 A1
(4)
(b) E ( A + B + D ) = 15 + 10 + 3  20 = [85] M1
Var( A + B + D) = 52 + 42 + 3   2 = [41 + 3 2 ] M1
So A + B + D N(85, 41+3 2 )
 76 − 85 
P ( A + B + D  76 ) = P  Z   = 0.242
 41 + 3 2 
−9 9
So = −0.7 or = 0.7 (Calculator gives –0.69988…) M1 A1
41 + 3 2 41 + 3 2
 −9 
2

3 = 
2
 − 41 dM1
 −0.7 
 = 6.437... awrt 6.44 A1
(6)
Notes Total 10
For a correct method to find E( X ) . May be implied by a correct standardisation
(a) M1
expression.
For a correct method to find Var( X ) Allow 544 oe or 23.32 or better. May be implied
M1
by a correct standardisation expression.
M1 For standardising (  ) using their mean and their variance
A1 awrt 0.666
(b) M1 For a correct method to find E( A + B + D)
M1 For a correct method to find Var( A + B + D)
For standardising (  ) using their mean and their standard deviation which is in terms of
M1
 2 and setting equal to –0.7 or better. Allow +0.7
A1 For the correct equation
Dependent on the previous M mark. For squaring and rearranging leading to an equation
dM1
in  2
A1 awrt 6.44 (Do not award if previous A mark was not awarded)
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