DỒ RTỤ R@ẵEL NEM

@ICNTE _KNTR \JTIB

vcotjrstjoa.ojk/<034337

Rms Eluyểe Rmnem Rö

cDjja Ojiicot`je

DÈ@ RẩX DỒ RTỤ KÒE R@ẵEL NEM >8

`ICNTE _KNTR \JTIB (OẤ EĄK) Oß G@IC
G@ IC
ELMC EĄK MỉO 4844-484? (DẤE M_-LW)
\JTB WCT_@JE | 484? CB@R@JE
JTBCT EJ\ / OMSPỄE L@NJ ^SN CKN@I
RN@I@[email protected]

Rè` i`Ọu omuẠe tmnk amắj

Xmît tr` ỏe aæem dỚ`
Rms Eluyểe Rmnem Rö
ĘƮe về tè` trữ / pmît mèem / om`n s ằ mịo tmuẫt 6

Eluy ce Rm
Eluyce Rmnemnem R Ru
u Lrju
Lrjup p
M Ờ t r ữ t r Ỿ o tuy Ẻ e
Gdd w w w .g n o cd j j a .o jk / B n y Ac k ^u y E mj e
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Kj d `/ V n i j 8 08 3< < 0 30 2
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SE@R >6 GNK@IP I@GC
N- WJONDS
WJONDSINT
INTP
P

@
>. kjp (v, e) /kɔp/ /rɦˍinɦɐdi/
emè >4 (nbf) Ữ, mỪu

O
Möt dợ` /ˍmcipgi/ ëom
/ˍvçafu˘k/ >? IƸớ` d`Ẻel
OuỐo ĞỞ` tmjẮ` /ˍicɦz`/
ˉaɔevɐˍscɦʏe/ >2 Rmòel k`em

GG@
Bể tëem
tëem /ɦeˍtciɦbʔɐet/
/ˉ`˘z` ˍɮɐʆɦŁ/ >3. Rỡ tm`Ọ
tm`Ọee

J
Ęîel t`e /ˍtʏçrɐt`/
/rɦˍinɦɐdi/ >7 Ruồ` tcce
Amòel lịe lèel /ˍt`˘ecɦbʔɐ(r)/
/ʉeˍtnɦb`/
Mèj pmÿel
><
/ɦˍkɐʆbʔ`/
E Oîo d`ỏu tƸữel
oắk xöo

ƨ
/ˍbʔceɐrɐs/ >= Bảu oäu
/ EljẮ` ò /ˉpʉŁatʏuˍcɦʏe/
/ˍsʉdə˘d/
0. scig`s
/ˍscigɦʏ/
Ëom aỀ
>0
M ɐˍkcɦʏe pɒɦet/
Bảu omảk tmne

>8. a`eb (nbf

nbf) /anɦeb/ Rừ tẺ, tỞt dợe
ợell 48. tcxt (v) /tcast/ EmẪe t`e

PE
>>. rci`ndic (nbf) Ęîel t`e oẫy 4>. bust (v) / /bʉst/ Dợ` dẠe

S
D- C]XTC_
C]XTC__@JE__@JE_ & JRMCT _RTS
_RTSORSTC
ORSTC_ _
4>. lrjw up Iốe iæe, trƸỚel tmèem

^
44. put nwny Oảt Ğ`
4?. g`eb jut Rék rn
42. mcip sd nrjueb L`öp ĞỮ, om`n sằ llîîem eẼel

K
43. mcip jut Ỏe,
ièk pmẬe v`Ọo oỬn mị)
47. gjr gue
4<. accp jec‐s prjk`sc
4=. inulm jut ijub
Í
OmỀ Ğỏ vu`
L`Ừ iớ` mỠn
OƸớ` tj
EljẮ` trỡ

- NBWNE
NBWNEOCB
OCB W
PA
WJONDS
JONDSINTP
INTP

-
Ẩ -
t tm t
ồ` t m

B
- jec- mj o dn
- euoicnr gnk`i
gnk`iyy (e) 6 l`n Ğéem mẮt emäe (lởk dn kẰ vè oje oî`)

I
- Ỏu tmẺ mỌ
- b`stnet rcint`vc 6m
- - 6 ảk
 @
-b 6 ảk
- onrc
onrcgrcc
grcc om`
om`ibm
ibmjjb
jjb 6 tuồ
tuồ`` tmƮ æk ĞỎk

O
- trjudic
trjudicbb om`ibm
om`ibmjjb
jjb ồ` tmƮ amÿ amďe

@
- i` b i` b ề

G
- d`ttcr b`vjroc 6i` tmäe
- 6i` tmäe vè oÿ trnem omảp tè` sắe
- drjace mjkc 6 vỮ
- 6 ớ` tn emẫe euò`

JG
- 6 dn kẰ euò`

B- LTNK
LTNKKN
KNT
T

E
Ắell tỡ
Ắe tỡ omỀ tẬ
tẬe
e ssuả
uảtt
-

ƨ
-
-

M
- iy, niwnys, usuniiy…

E
- jec tt`kc
`kc ; jeoc
jeoc
- twj t`
t`kcs
kcs ; ttw`oc
w`oc
Oäu mỊ` vỎ Ğ tmƸ Mjw jgtce….:

SP
-5

^ XTNOR@OC

K
@. Ojkpictc tmc ejtcs dcijw. \r`tc JEC \JTB JT N ESKDCT gjr cnom n neswcr.
eswcr.
Ky enkc‐s Tnebnii Bnv`s, neb @‐k jr`l`eniiy grjk tmc stntc jg @eb`nen `e tmc Se`tcb _tntcs. \mce @

Í
wns (>) ZZZZZZZZZ ycnrs jib, @ kjvcb tj Wceczucin `e _jutm Nkcr`on, neb intcr rcturecb tj tmc Se`tcb
Se`tcb
_tntcs, wmcrc @ nttcebcb Dr`lmnk Pjuel Se`vcrs`ty
Se`vcrs`ty `e tmc >0=8s. @ knfjrcb `e (4)
(4) ZZZZZZZZ cbuont`je

A
neb RC_JI, jr tcnom`el Celi`sm ns n scojeb inelunlc. Ngtcr lrnbunt`el grjk ojiiclc, ky w`gc neb @
kjvcb tj Fnpne wmcrc wc i`vcb gjr c`lmt ycnrs. Ejw, @ wjra dnoa `e tmc _tntcs `e Stnm.

Mjwcvcr, ky lrcntcst
lrcntcst `etcrcsts nrc ky gnk`iy. Pcnrs nlj, @ wnetcb tj knac sjkctm`el jg kyscig `e

ẨP
ky prjgcss`je . . . yju aejw
aejw . . . lct nmcnb `e i`gc. Mjwcvcr, @ rcni`zcb tmnt tmc kjst `kpjrtnet tm`els
tm`els
`e i`gc i`vcb w`tm`e tmc wniis jg ky jwe mjkc, neb tjbny, @ try tj put tmck g`rst. Ky a`bs wjuibe‐t
rckckdcr kc gjr tmc wjra @ b`b juts`bc jg tmc mjkc1 tmcy wjuib jeiy rconii tmc kjkcets wc spcet

B
tjlctmcr.

Rmcrcgjrc, @ cefjy spceb`el t`kc w`tm ky gnk`iy. @ mnvc gjur om`ibrce, neb wc lj m`a`el neb (?)
ZZZZZZZZZ tjlctmcr, usuniiy `e Stnm. Je jur m`acs, wc jgtce tnia ndjut i`gc, neb @ tcii stjr`cs jr smnrc
pcrsjeni cxpcr`ceocs. \mce @ bj tm`s, @ one gjous je tmc (2) ZZZZZZZZZZ w`tmjut tmc b`strnot`jes jg

I
v`bcj lnkcs jr tmc @etcrect. Rcii`el stjr`cs sjuebs cnsy, dut wmce yju mnvc tj tm`ea jg n ecw stjry
je n mjt, >4-a`ijkctcr m`ac tmrjulm tmc bcscrt, yju mnvc tj ojkc up w`tm `bcns jgg tmc tjp jg yjur
mcnb..
mcnb

@
Ejw, tm`s bjcse‐t kcne wc bje‐t mnvc prjdicks1 nii gnk`i`cs gnoc omniicelcs `e tmc`r i`vcs, neb
n eb jur

O
gnk`iy `s ej (3) ZZZZZZZZZZ. Mjwcvcr, wc try tj tnia jpceiy ndjut jur prjdicks, neb wc try tj sjivc

@
jur prjdicks tjlctmcr. Du`ib`el n strjel gnk`iy tnacs t`kc, dut `t `s wjrtm tmc cggjrt.

G
@@. I`stce tj tmc rcojrb`el
rcojrb`el neb omjjsc tmc ojrrcot icttcr N, D, O .
>. \mnt bjcs tmc djy wnet tj bj nt ttmc
mc dcl`ee`el jg tmc ojevcrsnt`je:
N. piny v`bcj lnkcs D. lj piny juts`bc O. wntom RW
4. \mnt `s jec tm`el tmc djy `s EJR nss`lecb tj bj nrjueb tmc mjusc:
N. oicne tmc lnrnlc D. wnsm tmc wniis
?. \mnt bjcs tmc djy mnvc tj bj `e m`s dcbrjjk:
O. vnouuk tmc gijjrs G
J
N. knac
nac m`
m`ss dcb
dcb D. p`o
`oa
a up m`s
m`s b`rt
b`rty
y oi
oijt
jtmc
mcss O. put nwny
nwny m`m`ss djja
jjas

E
2. Rmc gntmcr neb sje w`ii lj ZZZZZ ngtcr tmc djy g`e`smcs m`s wjra.
N. tj n kjv`c D. jut tj cnt O. tj n dnii lnkc

ƨ
3. \mnt `s tmc gntmcr lj`el tj bj wm`ic tmc djy `s bj`el m`s mjuscmjib omjrcs:
D. pn`et tmc mjusc O. wjra `e tmc ynrb

D. KSIR@XIC OMJ@OC
@. Omjjsc
M
>. N. gn
4. N. durd
D. e
E oni
dd`sm
B.
B.

P
?. N. ecrjus D. i`ndic rr`dic B.
jrc uea

3. N. D. O. B.

7. N.
<. N. ^S
D. rci`ndic
D. vnouuk
O.
O. sudurd
B.
B.

K
=. N. D. O. B. dntmrjjk
0. N. gure`turc D. r O. `vc B. inr

Í
>8. N. `etcii`lcet D. cnsylj`el O. pueotunt`je B. ojevcrsnt`je

A
@@@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc
gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

P
>. @t's
@t's strnelc Dce `s`se't
e't mc
mcrc.
rc. Mc'
Mc'ss usunii
usuniiyy sj ZZZZZZZZ.
N. rci`ndic D. lcecrjus O. inzy B. scig`sm
4. Om`ibrce ZZZZZZZZZ w`tm n k`xturc jg omnrnotcr trn`ts grjk djtm s`bcs jg tmc`r gnk`iy.
N. g`eb jut D. lrjw up O. put nwny B. dr`el up

BẨ
?. _jkcjec mns dcce i`stce`el
i`stce`el `e je ky tcicpmjec ZZZZZZZZZZZ.
ZZZZZZZZZZZ.
N. ojevcrsc D. ojevcrsnt`jeni O. ojevcrsciy B. ojevcrsnt`je
2. I`sn acpt mcmcrr ZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZ ZZZ tj v`s`
v`s`tt mcr nuet rcluinri
rcluinriyy ngtcr ojkpict`
ojkpict`el
el tmc g`eni ccxnk.
xnk.
N. prjk
prjk`sc`sc D. mcnb O. kck
kckjry
jry B. ejsc
3. F`sjj6 ’Mjw
’Mjw ZZZZZZZZZ yju mnvc dcce ndrjn ndrjnb:‛
b:‛

I
N. ecvcr D. usuni O. scibjk B. jgtce
7. Rmc notrcss
notrcss ejw bcb`
bcb`ontcs
ontcs mcrsc
mcrscig
ig tj om`i
om`ibrce's
brce's ZZZZZZZ wjra.

@
N. pnrt-t`kc D. omnr`ty O. guii-t`kc B. nduebneoc
<. @ gci
gcitt cckdnrrnssc
kdnrrnsscbb nndjut
djut mjw ZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZ tmc mjusc wns.

O
N. b`ggcrcet D. uet`by O. d`l B. cnsylj`el

@
=. _tciin mns vcry a`ebiy jggcrcb tj ZZZZZZZZZ w`tm tmc gjjb gjr tmc pnrty.
N. mcip jut D. brjp jut O. rue jut B. g`eb jut

G
0. Fust`e's ZZZZZZZZ cejulm dut mc inoas kjt`vnt`je.
N. scig`sm D. inzy O. `etcii`lcet B. lcecrjus

G
>8. @t's
@t's niw
niwnys
nys ZZZZZZ tj icnre grjk yjur k`stnacs dconusc tmce yjur k`stnacs scck wjrtmwm`ic.
N. mcip D. mcipguiiy O. uemcipgui B. mcipgui

J
>>. Xicnsc ZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZ tmc b`smcs w`tm tmc sjnp
sjnpyy wntcr ojetn
ojetn`e`el
`e`el b`s`
b`s`egcotne
egcotnet.t.
N. kjp D. wnsm O. vnouuk B. swccp
>4. \c spco`g`oniiy omjjsc tjp`os tmnt w`ii nppcni tj ZZZZZZZZZ wmj nrc
N. tccenlcrs D. nbuits O. sce`jrs B. wjkce

E
>?. @t ijjacb sj gueey
gueey tmnt @ nikjst inulmc
inulmcbb ZZZZZZZ ijub.
N. jgg D. w`tm O. jut B. up
>2. Djd
Djd66 ’Rcii kc ndjut yjur s`stcr.‛

N. scig`sm D. lcecrjus ƨ
Aciv`e6 ’_mc‐s ZZZZZZZZZ. Dconusc smc niwnys smnrcs gjjb w`tm kc.‛
O. `etcii`lcet B. inzy
>3. Rmrcc jg us swccp
swccp neb kjp tmc ZZZ
ZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZ neb tmc rck
M
rckn`ebcr
n`ebcr oi
oicne
cne tmc w`e
w`ebjw.
bjw.

E
N. b`sm D. s`ea O. tndic B. gijjr
>7. Cxocpt ZZZZZZZ trngg`o ej`sc tmc e`lmt pnsscb pcnocg
pcnocguiiy.
uiiy.
N. gjr D. grjk O. w`tm B. jg

P
><. Mc put ZZZZ
ZZZZZZ n wmjic djx jg omjo
omjojintcs
jintcs `e jec cv
cvce`el.
ce`el.
N. jgg D. up O. nwny B. gjr
>=.
>=. TK wrjt
wrjtcc ZZZZZZ gue gjr kney ycnrs dcgjrc stnrt`el
stnrt`el tj wr`tc scr`ju
scr`jusiy
siy gjr n i`v`el.
N. `e D. gjr O. w`tm B. je

>0.mnppy
N. Knrr`nnlc `s tmc dijjk jr D.
Knrr`nnlc di`lmt jg nii kce's ZZZZZZZZ
mnpp`iy ZZZZZZZZZZZ.
ZZZ.
O. uemnppy B. mnpp`ecss

^S
48. _uppjrt`el cnom jtmcr `e ljjb t`kcs neb `e dnb `s ne cggcot`vc wny tj strceltmce gnk`iy ZZZZZZZZZZ.
N. rcint`jesm`ps D. omjrcs O. ojevcrsnt`jes B. kjecy

K
@W. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el

Í
tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. @t `s n s`iiy g`sm tmnt `s onulmt tw`oc w`tm tmc snkc dn`t.

A
N. cvcry bny D. twj t`kcs O. cnom wcca B. jec t`kc
4. Rmjulm vcry `etcii`lcet
`etcii`lcet,, smc `s ecvcrtmcicss rntmcr kjbcst.
N. uliy D. dcnut`gui O. lcecrjus B. sknrt

W. Knra tmc ictt

P
icttcr
cr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr sm smcct
cct tj `eb`ont
`eb`ontcc tmc wjrb(s) JXXJ
JXXJ_@RC
_@RC `e

Ẩ
kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Rmc su`tonsc wns i`lmt tj onrry, dc`el ckpty cxocpt gjr twj sm`rts.
N
4..Ojkpnrcb
npnrt grjkw`tm _nen, @ rcniiy
D. wns
`eoiunbmnrb
`el wjra`elOl`ri,
. rntmdut
cr tmusuniiy
ne @ ljtBijwcr
. rclnknras
rbicss tmne
jg mcr.

B
N. oicvcr D. smy O. inzy B. rci`ndic

W@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs
ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Rmc
N. Rm c pji
pji`oc
mnse‐t `oc mnse't gjueb up wmj
D. upsct g`rc tj ttmc
mc stjrcmjusc
stjrcmjusc.
O. sct . B. stjrcmjusc
4. @ tm`ea @'vc dcce vcry scigicss. @'vc dcce kn`eiy ojeocrecb w`tm kyscig.
@ I
O
N. dcce D. scigicss O. kn`eiy B. kyscig
?. Mc si`ppcb
si`ppcb jut bur`
bur`el
el n pnus
pnuscc `e tmc ojevcrsn
ojevcrsnt`j
t`jeni
eni..
N. si`ppcb

O. TCNB@EL
D. bur`el O. pnusc B. ojevcrsnt`je

G @
G
@. Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el
gjiijw`el pnssn
pnssnlc
lc neb knra tmc icttcr N N,, D, O, jr B je yjur neswc
neswcrr smcct tj `eb`ont
`eb`ontcc
tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas.

J
Gnk`iy `s jec jg tmc du`ib`el dijoas jg (>)ZZZZZZZ, neb sj `ts struoturc neb rjic rcgicot sjo`ni
omnelcs. Jvcr
Jvcr tmc pnst ?8 ycnrs, tmc trnb`t
trnb`t`jeni
`jeni gnk`
gnk`iy
iy ue`t mns cvjivcb s`le`g`oneti
s`le`g`onetiy.
y. T`lmt ejw
tmcrc `se‐t n s`elic ojeocpt jg gnk`iy tmnt nppi`cs ue`vcrsniiy. Dut nitmjulm gnk`iy struoturc kny mnvc
omnelcb, `ts
`ts (4)ZZZZZZ
(4)ZZZZZZZZ
ZZ mns ejt. @e gnot, tmc
tmcrc
rc nrc kney rcnsjes (?)ZZZZZ
(?)ZZZZZ gnk`iy `s `k
`kpjrtnet
pjrtnet
gjr mnp
mnpp`e
p`ecss.
css.
_urc, wc one‐t omjjsc jur ’dijjb‛ gnk`iy.
gnk`iy. @e (2)ZZZZZZ onscs, gnk`iy `etcrnot`jes nrc n k`x jg

ƨE
lrcnt neb
neb ejt-sj-
ejt-sj-lrcnt
lrcnt cxpcr`c
cxpcr`ceocs.
eocs. (3) ZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZ
ZZ wc one kn
knac
ac up gjr ttmnt
mnt dy om
omjjs`el
jjs`el jjur
ur ’nbjpt
’nbjptcb‛
cb‛
gnk`iy kckdcrs, n tr`dc jg pcjpic wmj nrce‐t rcintcb tj us, dut wmj smjw suppjrt neb prjvc tmcy‐rc
tmcrc gjr us sj wc bje‐t gcci ijst `e t`kcs jg eccb.
M
E
>. N. sjo`cty D. wjrib O. oinss B. mjusc
4. N. mnd`t D. `kpjrtneoc O. nppcnrneoc B. rcputnt`je
?. N. mjw D. wmnt O. wmy B. wm`om

P
2. N. kjst D. i`ttic O. gcw B. kuom
3. N. Neb D. _j O. Jr B. Dut

S
@@. Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes.
Tcint`jesm`ps `e W`ctenkcsc gnk`iy nrc kjrc ojkpi`ontcb tmne tmjsc jg \cstcre ojuetr`cs. Rmc
knfjr`ty jg gnk`i`cs `e W`ctenk nrc cxtcebcb gnk`i`cs ns kney lcecrnt`jes oj-i`vc tj tnac onrc jg cnom
jtmcr. Gnk`iy `e W`ctenk ijjas s`k`inr tj n systck jg k`e` sjo`cty w`tm tmc kjst cibcriy mnv`el tmc

K^
strjelcst vj`oc neb tna`el omnrlc jg kjst not`v`t`cs `e mjusc.
Cnom gnk`iy mns `ts jwe ruics neb vniucs tmnt kckdcrs nrc suppjscb tj ojegjrk w`tm. Rmc

Í
yjuelcr lcecrnt`je smjws rcspcot gjr tmc jibcr lcecrnt`je neb v`oc vcrsn, tmc jib lcecrnt`je tjicrntcs
tmc yjuel. @e tmc rcint`jesm`ps dctwcce pnrcets neb om`ibrce, neb dctwcce musdneb neb w`gc ns wcii,

A
trnb`t`jeni W`ctenkcsc rctn`e kuom jg tmc`r ijel cstndi`smcb oustjks neb vniucs.
Nitmjulm `egiuceocb dy Ojeguo`ne`sk, `e tmc cycs jg om`ibrce, W`ctenkcsc kjtmcrs st`ii mnvc
tmc snkc stntus ns tmc`r ojuetcrpnrts. Rmcy nrc tmc ckdjb`kcets jg ijvc, jg scig-bce`ni neb jg snor`g`oc.

P
Gjr W`ctenkcsc pnrcets, tmc`r om`ibrce nrc tmc`r kjst vniundic nsscts1 tmcrcgjrc, w`tm`e tmc`r g`eneo`ni
onpno`ty, kjst jg tmck nrc cnlcr tj mnvc ns kney om`ibrce ns tmcy one.

Ẩ
>. \my nrc kjst gnk`i`cs `e W`ctenk i`v`el tjlctmcr jvcr kney lcecrnt`jes:
N. Dconusc tmcy wnet tj nvj`b spceb`el tmc nkjuet jg kjecy
D. Dconusc tmcy wnet tj mcip jec nejtmcr cns`iy

O.
B. Dconusc tmcy bje‐t mnvc kuom
gcci mnppy kjecytjlctmcr
wmce i`v`el

B
4. Rmc wjrb ’rctn`e‛ `e pnrnlrnpm 4 `s oijsct `e kcne`el tj ZZZZZZZZZ.

I
N. kn`etn`e D. stjp O. prcvcet B. rckjvc
?. \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`el `s ejt kcet`jecb ns tmc ckdjb`kcet jg W`ctenkcsc kjtmcrs:
N. ijvc
ijvc D. snor
snor`g
`g`o
`occ O. scig
scig-b
-bce
ce`n
`nii B. lcec
lcecrj
rjs`
s`ty
ty
2. Rmc wjrb ’tmcy‛ `e pnrnlrnpm ? rcgcrs tj ZZZZZZZ.
N. W`ctenkcsc
O. ojuetcrpnrtskjtmcrs D. ckdjb`kcets
B. stntus
3. Noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc, W`ctenkcsc pnrcets ojes`bcr tmc`r om`ibrce ns ZZZZZZZZ.
N. wjrtmy prjpcrt`cs D. ljibs O. a`els
@ O
B. pr`eocsscs neb pr`eocs
@
B. \T@R@EL
@. Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`el jg tmc l`vce jecs.
>. _cvcrni om`ibrc
om`ibrcee nrc nwny grjk somjj
somjjii dconusc jg `ii
`iiecss.
ecss.
G G
J
-5 _cvcrni ……….………………………………………………
……….……………………………………………………………………… ………………………
4. Ejzc wnse't gcci`el
gcci`el wci
wcii.i. _mc wcet mjkc cnri
cnriy.
y.
-5 Dconusc Ejzc………………………………
Ejzc………………………………………………………… ………………………………………… ………………
?. @t `se‐t ecocssnry tj kjp tmc gijjr tw`oc cvcry bny.
-5 Pju bje‐t……………………………
bje‐t…………………………………………………………
2. Nii tmc om`ibrce
………………………………………………..
om`ibrce i`ac kus`o npnrt grjk Djddy.
-5 Cxocpt …………………………
……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………….. E…………………..

………………………..
3.
-5 ’Pju smjuib…………………………
wnsm tmc b`smcs ngtcr iueom.‛ I`n sn`b.

Mƨ
I `n nbv`scb
I`n …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………….. ……………………..
7. _wccp`el tmc gijjr `s mcr gnvjr`tc omjrc nt mjkc.

E
-5 _mc i`acs……………………………
i`acs……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………
<. Ej jec `e tmc wjrib `s kjrc lcecrjus
lcecrjus tmne ky kjtmcr
kjtmcr..
-5 Ky kjtmcr………………………………
kjtmcr………………………………………………………… …………………………………………… …………………

P
=. Fnoasje stnrtcb piny`el tmc p`enej >8 ycnrs nlj.
-5 Fnoasje
Fnoa sje mns ………………………
…………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….. ……………………..

S
0. Fcee`c t`b`cb mcr dcbrjjk `e 4 mjurs.
-5 @t tjja…………………………
tjja…………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… ……………………………
>8. Dy tmc
tmc t`kc @ b`sojvc
b`sojvcrcb
rcb tmc prjd
prjdick,
ick, tm
tmcc gijjr w
wns
ns nwnsm.

^
-5 Dy tmc t`kc @ gjueb………………………………
gjueb…………………………………………………………… …………………………………...……...

@@. \r`tc ne cssny jg >=8 wjrbs.

I`v`el `e n trnb`t`jeni gnk`iy jg tmrcc jr gjur lcecrnt`jes mns djtm nbvnetnlcs neb b`snbvnetnlcs. \mnt

ÍK
bj yju tm`ea jg tmnt knttcr:

A
C. _XCNA@EL
@. Neswcr tmc qucst`jes6
>. Bj yju mnvc n inrlc jr sknii gnk`iy:
 P
4. Mjw kuom t`kc bj yju knenlc tj spceb w`tm kckdcrs jg yjur gnk`iy:
?. \mnt sjrts jg tm`els bj yju i`ac tj bj tjlctmcr:

Ẩ
2. \mj nrc yju oijsc tj `e yjur gnk`iy:
3. \mnt `s yjur spco`ni kjkcet w`tm yjur gnk`iy:

B
@@. Xnrt 46
46 @bcni mjkc
mjkc
Bcsor`dc tmc `bcni mjkc tmnt yju wjuib i`ac tj i`vc `e. Pju smjuib sny
wmnt yjur `bcni mjkc wjuib ijja i`ac
wmcrc `t wjuib dc

I
neb wmy yju wjuib i`ac tj i`vc tmcrc.

@
G @O
G
J
E
ƨ
EM
P
S
^
K
AÍ
P
Ẩ
B
 I
SE@R >6 GNK@IP I@GC-ACP_

@
XTNOR@OC
I@_RCE@EL

O
@. JEC \JTB JT N ESKDCT gjr cnom neswcr.
>. >0
4.

?.

GG@
2. a`
a`bs
bs

>.

J
E
4.
O. vnouuk tmc gijjrs

ƨ
M
2.

N. wnsm tmc onr D. pn`et tmc mjusc O. wjra `e tmc ynrb

_OT@XR6

P E
S
@@. Omjjsc tmc ojrrcot icttcr, N, D, jr O.
_je66 Bnb. One @ lj juts`bc tj piny:
_je

^
Bnb66 \cii, b`b yju lct yjur _nturbny‐s wjra bjec:
Bnb
_je66 Nm, Bnb. Bj @ mnvc tj:
_je
Bnb66 \cii, yju aejw tmc ruics. Ej piny`el uet`i tmc wjra `s bjec.
Bnb
_je66 _j, wmnt `s ky wjra:
_je

K
Bnb66 \cii, g`rst yju mnvc tj oicne tmc dntmrjjk `eoiub`el tmc tj`ict. Neb bje‐t gjrlct tj sorud tmc
Bnb
dntmtud.

Í
_je66 Ej, @ wnet tj bj tmc gnk`iy rjjk.
_je
Bnb66 \cii, jany, dut yju mnvc tj vnouuk tmc gnk`iy rjjk neb tmc mnii, neb dc surc
Bnb
tj bust cvcrytm`el. Jm, neb bje‐t gjrlct tj w`pc tmc wniis neb oicne tmc dnscdjnrbs
dnscdjnrbs.. QJany
Q Jany.[ Neb
QJm, ej.[
ngtcr tmnt. QJm, ej.[ Ecxt, swccp neb kjp tmc a`tomce gijjr neb dc surc tj pji`sm tmc tndic `e tmc

PA
i`v`el rjjk.
_je66 Jany. Jany.
_je

Ẩ
Bnb66 Neb knac yjur dcb neb p`oa up nii yjur tjys neb put tmck nwny. Neb . . .
Bnb
_je66 Kjrc:
_je
Bnb66 Pcnm. Neb tmce, mjw ndjut lj`el jut gjr iueom neb lctt`el n d`l k`iasmnac, dut . . . ycnm . . .
Bnb

B
yju prjdndiy bje‐t wnet tj bj tmnt.
_je66 Ej, Ej. @ wnet tj.
_je
Bnb66 Jany. \m`ic yju‐rc bj`el yjur wjra, @‐ii dc jut `e tmc ynrb rna`el icnvcs neb puii`el wccbs
Bnb
Wjonduinry neb _nkpic _cetceocs
sorud (vcrd)
(vcrd)66 oicne tmjrjulmiy dy rudd`el mnrb I
@
‟ Pju‐ii eccb tj sorud rcniiy mnrb tj rckjvc tmnt stn`e grjk tmc tndic.
(vcrd)66 tj rckjvc sknii p`cocs jg b`rt
bust (vcrd)

O
‟ Xicnsc bust nii tmc gure`turc `e tmc grjet rjjk.

@
(ejue)66 n p`coc jg wjjb jr kjib`el nttnomcb nijel tmc djttjk jg n wnii wmcrc `t
dnscdjnrbs (ejue)
tjuomcs tmc gijjr1 nisj oniicb ’sa`rt`el djnrb‛ `e Dr`tn`e neb Nustrni`n
‟ \c eccb tj rckjvc tmc dnscdjnrbs tj put bjwe ecw t`ic je tmc gijjr.
swccp (vcrd)
(vcrd)66 tj oicne n gijjr dy us`el n drjjk jr drusm tj ojiicot b`rt

‟ Dc surc tj6swccp tmcw`tm

gijjrndcgjrc
lnrbceyju
tjjikjp
w`tm`t.n rjw jg pinst`o jr kctni tcctm nt tmc mcnb

J GG
rnac (vcrd)6
(vcrd) tj lntmcr
‟ @ spcet nii ycstcrbny rna`el tmc icnvcs `e ky dnoaynrb.

N. WJONDSINTP

>. N. gn D. e oni
E B.

ƨ
4. N. durd O. dd`sm B.
?. N. ecrjus D. i`ndic rr`dic B.

M
jrc uea
3. N. D. O. B.

7. N.
<. N.
D. rci`ndic
D. vnouuk
E
O.
O. sudurd
jg tmc jtmcrs.
B.
B.

S P
=. N. D. O. B. dntmrjjk
0. N. gure`turc D. O. B.
>8. N. `etcii`lcet D. cnsylj`el O. pueotunt`je B. ojevcrsnt`je

^
@@@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc
gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

K
>. @t's
@t's strnelc
strnelc Dce `se't
`se't mcrc.
mcrc. Mc's usuniiy
usuniiy sj ZZZZZZZZ.
N. rci`ndic D. lcecrjus O. inzy B. scig`sm

Í
4. Om`ibrce ZZZZZZZZZ w`tm n k`xturc jg omnrnotcr trn`ts grjk djtm s`bcs jg tmc`r gnk`iy.
N. g`eb jut D. lrjw up O. put nwny B. dr`el up

A
?. _jkcjec mns dcce i`stce`el `e je ky tcicpmjec ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ .
N. ojevcrsc D. ojevcrsnt`jeni O. ojevcrsciy B. ojevcrsnt`je

2.. I`sn
prjkacpt
`sc mcr ZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZ
Z tj
D.v`s`t
v`s`
mcnt bmcr nuet rcluinr
rcluinriy
iy. ngtcr
ngtcr ojkpict`el
ojkpict`el tmc
tmcBg`eni
. ejscxnk.
cx
c nk.

P
N O kck jry

Ẩ
3. F`sjj6 ’Mjw ZZZZZZZZZ yju mnvc dcce ndrjnb:‛

N. ecvcr D. usuni O. scibjk B. jgtce

B
7. Rmc notrcss
notrcss ejw bcb`ontcs mcrscig tj om`ibrce's ZZZZZZZ wjra.
N. pnrt-t`kc D. omnr`ty O. guii-t`kc
<. @ gcit ckdnrrnsscb ndjut mjw ZZZZZZZZZ tmc mjusc wns.
B. nduebneoc

I
N. b`ggcrcet D. uet`by O. d`l B. cnsylj`el
=. _tciin mns vcry a`ebiy jggcrcb tj ZZZZZZZZZ w`tm tmc gjjb gjr tmc pnrty.
N. mcip jut D. brjp jut O. rue jut B. g`eb jut

@
0. Fust`e's ZZZZZZZZ cejulm dut mc inoas kjt`vnt`je.
N. scig`sm D. inzy O. `etcii`lcet B. lcecrjus

O
>8. @t'
@t'ss niwnys
niwnys ZZZZZZ tj icnre grjk yjur k`stnacs dconusc tmce yjur k`stnacs scck wjrtmwm`ic.

@
N. mcip D. mcipguiiy O. uemcipgui B. mcipgui
>>. Xicnsc ZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZ tmc b`smcs w`tm tmc sjnpy wntcr
wntcr ojetn`e`el
ojetn`e`el b`s`egcotne
b`s`egcotnet.
t.
N. kjp D. wnsm O. vnouuk B. swccp
>4. \c spco`g`oniiy omjjsc tjp`os tmnt w`ii nppcni tj ZZZZZZZZZ wmj nrc dctwcce >? neb >0 ycnrs jib.
N. tccenlcrs
>?. @t ijjacb sj
D. nbuits O. sce`jrs
sj gueey tmnt @ nikjst inulmcb ZZZZZZZ ijub.
ijub.
G G
B. wjkce

N. jDjd6
gg ’Rcii
’Rcii kc ndjut yjur D
s`.stcr.‛
w`.‛
tm O. jut B. up

J
>2. s`stcr
Aciv`e6 ’_mc‐s ZZZZZZZZZ. Dconusc smc niwnys smnrcs gjjb w`tm kc.‛

E
N. scig`sm D. lcecrjus O. `etcii`lcet B. inzy
>3. Rmrcc jg
jg us swccp
swccp neb kjp tmc ZZZZZZZZ neb tmc rckn`ebcr oicne tmc w`ebjw.
N. b`sm D. s`ea O. tndic B. gijjr

ƨ
>7. Cxocpt ZZZZZZZ trngg`o ej`sc tmc e`lmt pnsscb pcnocguiiy.
N. gjr D. grjk O. w`tm B. jg

M
><
><.. Mc
Mc put ZZZZZ n wmjic djx jg omjojintcs `e jec cvce`el.
N. jgg D. up O. nwny B. gjr

E
>=. TK wrjtc ZZZZZZ gue gjr kney ycnrs dcgjrc stnrt`el
stnrt`el tj wr`tc scr`jusiy
scr`jusiy gjr n i`v`el.
N. `e D. gjr O. w`tm B. je
>0. Knrr`nnlc `s tmc dijjk jr di`lmt
d i`lmt jg nii kce's ZZZZZZZZZZZ .
N. mnppy D. mnpp`iy O. uemnppy B. mnpp`ecss
48. _uppjrt`el cnom jtmcr `e ljjb t`kcs neb `e dnb `s ne cggcot`vc wny tj strceltmce gnk`iy ZZZZZZZZZZ.
N. rcint`jesm`ps D. omjrcs O. ojevcrsnt`jes B. kjecy

^ S P
@W. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el
tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. @t `s n s`iiy g`sm tmnt `s onulmt tw`oc w`tm tmc snkc dn`t.
N. cvcry bny D. twj t`kcs O. cnom wcca B. jec t`kc

K
4. Rmjulm vcry `etcii`lcet, smc `s ecvcrtmcicss rntmcr kjbcst.
N. uliy D. dcnut`gui O. lcecrjus B. sknrt

Í
W. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur nesw neswcr
cr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wj
wjrb(s)
rb(s) JXXJ_@RC
JXXJ_@RC `e

A
kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Rmc su`tonsc wns i`lmt tj onrry, dc`el ckpty cxocpt gjr twj sm`rts.
N. npnrt grjk D. `eoiub`el O. rntmcr tmne B. rclnrbicss jg
4. Ojkpnrcb w`tm _nen, @ rcniiy wns n mnrb wjra`el l`ri, dut usuniiy @ ljt ijwcr knras tmne mcr.
N. oicvcr D. smy O. inzy B. rci`ndic

Ẩ P
W@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs

B
ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Rmc pji`oc mnse't gjueb up wmj sct sct g`rc tj tmc
tmc stjrcmjus
stjrcmjusc.
c.
N. mnse‐t D. up -5 g`eb jut O. sct B. stjrcmjusc
4. @ tm`ea @'vc dcce
dcce vcry scigicss.
scigicss. @'vc
@'vc dcce kn`eiy
kn`eiy ojeocrecb w`tm
w`tm kyscig.
kyscig.

N. dcce D. scigicss -5 scig`sm O. kn`eiy B. kyscig

I
?. Mc si`ppcb
si`ppcb jut bur`el
bur`el n pnusc
pnusc `e tmc ojevcrs
ojevcrsnt`
nt`jeni
jeni..
N. si`ppcb D. bur`el O. pnusc B. ojevcrsnt`jeni

@
-5 ojevcrsnt`je

O
D. TCNB@EL

@
@. Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el
gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcricttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr
neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas.

G
Gnk`iy `s jec jg tmc du`ib`el dijoas jg ZZZZZZZ, neb sj `ts struoturc neb rjic rcgicot sjo`ni
omnelcs. Jvcr tmc pnst ?8 ycnrs, tmc trnb`t`jeni gnk`iy ue`t mns cvjivcb s`le`g`onetiy. T`lmt ejw

G
tmcrc `se‐t n s`elic ojeocpt jg gnk`iy tmnt nppi`cs ue`vcrsniiy.
ue`vcrsniiy. Dut nitmjulm gnk`iy struoturc
struoturc kny mnvc
omnelcb, `ts ZZZZZZZZ mns ejt. @e gnot,
gnot, tmcrc nrc kney rcnsjes ZZZZZ gnk`
gnk`iy
iy `s `kpjrtnet gjr mnpp`ecss.
_urc, wc one‐t omjjsc jur ’dijjb‛ gnk`iy. @e ZZZZZZ onscs, gnk`iy `etcrnot`jes nrc n k`x jg
lrcnt neb ejt-sj-lrcnt cxpcr`ceocs. ZZZZZZZZZ wc one knac up gjr tmnt dy omjjs`el jur ’nbjptcb‛
gnk`iy kckdcrs, n tr`dc jg pcjpic wmj nrce‐t rcintcb tj us, dut wmj smjw suppjrt neb prjvc tmcy‐rc

EJ
tmcrc gjr us sj wc bje‐t gcci ijst `e t`kcs jg eccb.

>. N. sjo`cty D. wjrib O. oinss B. mjusc

4. N. mnd`t D. `kpjrtneoc O. nppcnrneoc B. rcputnt`je
?. N. mjw D. wmnt O. wmy
ƨ B. wm`om

M
2. N. kjst D. i`ttic O. gcw B. kuom
3. N. Neb D. _j O. Jr B. Dut

neswcr tj cnom jg tmc

tmc qucst`jes.
qucst`jes. E
@@. Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
tmc ojrrcot neswcr

P
Tcint`jesm`ps `e W`ctenkcsc gnk`iy nrc kjrc ojkpi`ontcb tmne tmjsc jg \cstcre ojuetr`cs. Rmc
knfjr`ty jg gnk`i`cs `e W`ctenk nrc cxtcebcb gnk`i`cs ns kney lcecrnt`jes oj-i`vc tj tnac onrc jg cnom
jtmcr. Gnk`iy `e W`ctenk ijjas s`k`inr tj n systck jg k`e` sjo`cty w`tm tmc kjst cibcriy mnv`el tmc
strjelcst vj`oc neb tna`el omnrlc jg kjst not`v`t`cs `e mjusc.
Cnom gnk`iy mns `ts jwe ruics neb vniucs tmnt kckdcrs nrc suppjscb tj oojegjrk
jegjrk w`tm. Rmc

^S
yjuelcr lcecrnt`je smjws rcspcot gjr tmc jibcr lcecrnt`je neb v`oc vcrsn, tmc jib lcecrnt`je tjicrntcs
tmc yjuel. @e tmc rcint`jesm`ps dctwcce pnrcets neb om`ibrce, neb dctwcce musdneb neb w`gc ns wcii,
trnb`t`jeni W`ctenkcsc rctn`e kuom jg tmc`r ijel cstndi`smcb oustjks neb vniucs.
v niucs.

K
Nitmjulm `egiuceocb dy Ojeguo`ne`sk, `e tmc cycs jg om`ibrce, W`ctenkcsc kjtmcrs st`ii mnvc
tmc snkc stntus ns tmc`r ojuetcrpnrts. Rmcy nrc tmc ckdjb`kcets jg ijvc, jg scig-bce`ni neb jg snor`g`oc.

Í
Gjr W`ctenkcsc pnrcets, tmc`r om`ibrce nrc tmc`r kjst vniundic nsscts1 tmcrcgjrc, w`tm`e tmc`r g`eneo`ni
onpno`ty, kjst jg tmck nrc cnlcr tj mnvc ns kney om`ibrce ns tmcy one.

A
>. \my nrc kjst gnk`i`cs `e W`ctenk i`v`el tjlctmcr jvcr kney lcecrnt`jes:
N. Dconusc tmcy wnet tj nvj`b spceb`el tmc nkjuet jg kjecy

P
D. Dconusc tmcy wnet tj mcip jec nejtmcr cns`iy
O. Dconusc tmcy bje‐t mnvc kuom kjecy
B. Dconusc tmcy gcci mnppy wmce i`v`el tjlctmcr
4. Rmc wjrb ’rctn`e‛ `e pnrnlrnpm 4 `s oijsct `e kcne`el tj ZZZZZZZZZ.
N. kn`etn`e D. stjp O. prcvcet B. rckjvc

BẨ
?. \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`el `s ejt kcet`jecb ns tmc ckdjb`kcet jg W`ctenkcsc kjtmcrs:
N. ijvc
ijvc D. sn
snor
or`g
`g`o
`occ O. sc
scig
ig-b
-bce`
ce`ni
ni B. lc
lcecr
ecrjs
js`t
`ty
y
2. Rmc wjrb ’tmcy‛ `e pnrnlrnpm ? rcgcrs tj ZZZZZZZ.

N. ojuetcrpnrts D. ckdjb`kcets
O. W`ctenkcsc kjtmcrs B. stntus
3. Noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc, W`ctenkcsc pnrcets ojes`bcr tmc`r om`ibrce ns ZZZZZZZZ.

@ I
N. wjrtmy prjp
jpccrt`cs D. lj
ljiibs O. a`e
a`els B. pr`eocs
cssscs ne
neb
b pr`eo
eoccs

O
O. \T@R@EL

@
@. Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`el jg tmc l`vce jecs.
>. _cvcrni om`ibrce nrc nwny grjk somjji dconusc jg `iiecss.

G
-5 _cvcrni om`ibrce nrc `ii, sj tmcy nrc nwny grjk somjji.
4. Ejzc wnse't gcci`el wcii. _mc
_mc wcet mjkc cnriy.

G
-5 Dconusc
Dconusc Ejzc wnse‐t
wnse‐t gcci`el
gcci`el wcii, smc
smc wcet mjkc
mjkc cnriy.
?. @t `se‐t ecocssnry tj kjp tmc gijjr tw`oc cvcry bny.

J
-5 Pju bje‐t
bje‐t eccb tj kjp tmc
tmc gijjr
gijjr tw`oc
tw`oc cvcry bny.
bny.
2. Nii tmc om`ibrce i`ac kus`o npnrt grjk Djddy.
-5 Cxocpt gjr Djddy, nii tmc om`ibrce i`ac kus`o.
3. ’Pju smjuib wnsm tmc b`smcs ngtcr iueom.‛ I`n sn`b.
-5 I`n nbv`scb
nbv`scb kc tj wnsm tmc b`smcs ngtcr
ngtcr iueom.
7. _wccp`el tmc gijjr `s mcr gnvjr`tc omjrc nt mjkc.

ƨE
-5 _mc i`acs swccp`el
swccp`el tmc gijjr.
gijjr.
<. Ej jec `e tmc wjrib `s kjrc lcecrjus tmne ky kjtmcr.

M
-5 Ky kjtmcr `s tmc kjst lcecrjus pcrsje `e tmc wjrib.
=. Fnoasje stnrtcb piny`el tmc p`nej >8 ycnrs nlj.

E
-5 Fnoasje mns pinycb tmc p`nej gjr >8 ycnrs.
0. Fcee`c t`b`cb mcr dcbrjjk `e 4 mjurs.
-5 @t tjja Fcee`c 4 mjurs
mjurs tj t`by mcr dcbrjjk.
dcbrjjk.

P
>8. Dy tmc t`kc @ b`sojvcrcb tmc prjdick, tmc gijjr wns nwnsm.
-5 Dy tmc t`kc @ gjueb jut tmc prjdick, tmc gijjr wns nwnsm.
@@. \r`tc ne cssny jg >=8 wjrbs.
S
I`v`el `e n trnb`t`jeni gnk`iy jg tmrcc jr gjur lcecrnt`jes mns djtm nbvnetnlcs neb b`snbvnetnlcs. \mnt
bj yju tm`ea jg tmnt knttcr:

K^
_ullcstcb `bcns6

+ Nbvnetnlcs6
- tmc trckcebjus
Í
trckcebjus suppjrt nkjel kckdcrs
kckdcrs 6 om`ibonrc,
om`ibonrc, g`eneo`ni
g`eneo`ni b`gg`ouit`
b`gg`ouit`cs
cs

A
- kjecy snv`el
snv`el dconusc jg smnr`el
smnr`el tmc i`v`el spnoc….
spnoc….
+ B`snbvnetnlcs6
- ojegi`ot
P
ojegi`ot dconusc jg tmc lcecrnt`je
lcecrnt`je lnp

Ẩ
- g`eneo`ni
g`eneo`ni durbce je tmc drcnbw`eecr.
drcnbw`eecr.
B. _XCNA@EL
_XCNA@EL (@CIR_ GJTKNR)
GJTKNR)
@. Neswcr tmc qucst`jes6

>. Bj yju mnvc n inrlc jr sknii gnk`iy:

B
_ullcstcb neswcr6

I
Ourrcetiy, @ nk i`v`el `e n euoicnr gnk`iy wm`om ojes`sts jg 2 kckdcrs6 ky pnrcets, ky s`stcr neb kc.
\c rcniiy mnvc n oijsc-ae`t rcint`jesm`p, sj wmcecvcr
wmc ecvcr prjdicks ojkc up, wc usuniiy b`souss grneaiy
neb try tj ojkc up w`tm sjiut`jes ns qu`oaiy ns pjss`dic.

4. Mjw kuom t`kc bj yju knenlc tj spceb w`tm kckdcrs jg yjur gnk`iy:

O @
_ullcstcb neswcr6

@
Mjecstiy spcna`el, @ nk stuby`el `e n djnrb`el somjji gjr ctme`o k`ejr`t`cs, sj @ fust spceb t`kc w`tm
ky gnk`iy nt tmc wccaceb.

?. \mnt sjrts jg tm`els bj yju i`ac tj bj tjlctmcr:

_ullcstcb neswcr6

G G
\cii, wmcecvcr wc mnvc n gnk`iy lntmcr`el, wc usuniiy ocicdrntc n ojsy pnrty `e tmc lnrbce tj cefjy

J
tmc pcnocgui kjkcet nkjel kckdcrs. \c one prcpnrc tmc pnrty tjlctmcr, mnvc n omnt ndjut jur bn`iy
i`gc jr fust b`souss ourrcet `ssucs.

E
2. \mj nrc yju oijsc tj `e yjur gnk`iy:
_ullcstcb neswcr6
@e ky gnk`iy, @ lct je wcii w`tm ky s`stcr dconusc wc mnvc n ijt jg tm`els `e ojkkje. \c jgtce smnrc
mnpp`ecss ns wcii ns sjrrjw
sjrrjw cnom jtmcr. Ky s`stcr `s tmc pcrsje wmj one l`vc kc sjkc uscgui nbv`oc.

Mƨ
3. \mnt `s yjur spco`ni kjkcet w`tm yjur gnk`iy:
Notuniiy, tmc spco`ni kjkcet jg ky gnk`iy `s Ecw Pcnr‐s Cvc wmce nii kckdcrs mnvc n omneoc tj lct

E
tjlctmcr. \c nii sct ns`bc tmc trjudic jg tmc pnst ycnr neb mjp`el gjr n dcttcr neb mnpp`cr upojk`el
ycnr.
@@. Xnrt 46
46 @bcni mjkc
mjkc

P
Bcsor`dc tmc `bcni mjkc tmnt yju wjuib i`ac tj i`vc `e. Pju smjuib sny
wmnt yjur `bcni mjkc wjuib ijja i`ac

S
wmcrc `t wjuib dc
neb wmy yju wjuib i`ac tj i`vc tmcrc.

_ullcstcb neswcr6
neswcr6

^
\`tm tmc gnst-pnocb sjo`cty, kjst pcjpic mjpc tj pjscss n kjbcre neb wcii-cqu`ppcb mjusc wm`om `s
ijontcb `e n rcspcotndic ec`lmdjurmjjb. Mjwcvcr, ky brcnk mjusc `s b`ggcrcet neb `t mns tmc gjiijw`el

gcnturcs.

ÍK
@t smjuib dc n mukdic mjusc ‟ n ojevcet`jeni jec- tmnt `s oicne neb trnequ`i. @ts cxtcr`jr eccbs tj dc
pn`etcb diuc neb wm`tc dconusc `t one dr`el n gcci`el jg rcgrcsmkcet. Rmcrc nrc nt icnst 2 rjjks gjr
ky euoicnr gnk`iy. Nitmjulm `t kny dc ejt d`l, `t smjuib dc n ojkgjrtndic neb ojsy pinoc gjr tmc wmjic
gnk`iy tj lct tjlctmcr cvcry cvce`el.
Ky `bcni mjusc
jpt`je. A
mjusc smjuib dc oijsc tj enturc, sj `ts ijont`je
ijont`je `e tmc k`bbic
k`bbic jg n d`l lnrbce
lnrbce `s ky gnvjurndic

P
Rmcrc nrc scvcrni kjt`vnt`jes dcm`eb ky ijvc gjr i`v`el tmcrc. @t `s n pinoc wmcrc @ one rci`cvc ky strcss
ns wcii ns rcomnrlc ky dnttcry ngtcr n strcssgui bny. Dcs`bcs, n gcci`el jg ojz`ecss wmce ojk`el dnoa

Ẩ
mjkc `s n gnotjr tmnt nttrnots kc n ijt.

SE@R 46 CERCTRN@EKCER NEB IC@_STC

I
WJONDSINTP NEB LTNKKNT TCW@C\
N. WJOND
WJONDSINTP
SINTP
>.ncrjd`os(e) Rmỏ bợo emềp
Qcɐ'rɐʆdɦas[ Ğ`Ọu

4. d`ac (e)Qdnɦa[
(e)Qdnɦa[ ]c ĞẮp
?. onejc`el(e)Qaɐ'eu˘.ɦŁ[
onejc`el(e)Qaɐ'eu˘.ɦŁ[ W`Ọo omíj tmuyỎe

@ O@
G
2. oiuc (e) Qaiu˘[ Knem kỞ`

G
3. orjsswjrb puzzic(e) Rrô omƮ` ò omỪ
Qˍarɒsˉwərbˉpʉz¼ɐi[

J
7. mnel jut (v) Ę` omƮ` vố` n`
QmçŁ[ Ğÿ, bèem tmớ`
l`ne Ớ kỐt eƮ`

E
eèj Ğÿ
<.anrnjac(e)Q‖açrɦ'ɐʆaɦ[
<.anrnjac(e)Q‖açrɦ'ɐʆaɦ[ Mît anrnjac

Mƨ
=.ic`surc(e) Rmớ` l`ne rắem
Q'iɦ˘ʔɐr /'icʔɐ[ rỜ`

E
0. rjic piny`el lnkc(e) Rrô omƮ` emẫp
Qˍrjʆi.picɦ.ɦŁ ˉɮcɦk [ vn`
>8. nlrcc(v)Q
nlrcc(v)Q ɐ'lr`˘ [ Ęởel û
>>. drn
drneb(
eb(e)
e) Qdrçeb[ Emïe(mèel mÿn)
P
>4. rjdjt dnttic(e)
Qˍrɐʆ.dɔt 'dçti[
>?. jggcr (e,v)Q
(e,v)Q 'ɒgɐr [
dỞt S
OuỐo om`Ẻe rò

(Iớ`) ĞỎ elmề
>2. prjk`sc (e,v)Q
(e,v)Q (Iớ`) mỠn

K^
Q'prɞkɦs[

Í
>3. rcgusc(v) Q rɦ'gfu˘z [ Rỡ omỞ`

A
>7. tckpic (e) ĘỎe, Ğ`Ọe, k`Ẻu
Q 'tckpi [

P
><. bctcot (v) Q bɦ'tcat [ Bô, ték rn
>=.nrrnelc (e) Q _Ẫp xẺp
 Ẩ
ɐ rcɦebʔ[
>0. kctni bctcotjr(e) Kîy bô a`k ijẮ`
Q 'kcti b`'tcatɐ [

B
48.trcnsurc(e) Omäu dîu, amj
Q 'trcʔɐ(r) [ dîu

4>. ojefueot`je(e) i`æe tỡ

Qaɐe'bʢʉɿaʏe[
44.ue`quc(nbf) Qfu˘'eɦ˘a[
4?. nbv`sc(v) Qɐb'vnɦs[
Buy emảt, ĞỐo, iẮ
Amuyæe dắj I
42. noocpt(v) Qɐa'scpt[

43. bco`bc(v)Q
bco`bc(v)Q bɦ'snɦb [
Omảp emẫe

^uyẺt Ğềem
@
D. C]XT
C]XTC__@J
C__@JE_
47. ejw tmnt
E_ NEB JRMCT_ _RTSORS
_RTSORSTC_
TC_
Däy l`ớ tmé( ĞƸn rn iớ` l`ắ` tmëom)
G @ O
4<. npnrt grjk ; cxocpt gjr EljẮ` trỡ
G
J
4=. Lj gjr n d`ac r`bc ĘẮp xc
40. Mnvc n omneoc jg bj`el sjkctm`el/ tj Oÿ oƮ mỐ` Ğỏ ièk lé

E
bj sjkctm`el
?8. one‐t stneb Amòel omều ĞỾel eồ`
?>. bje‐t k`eb Amòel pm`Ỏe

Mƨ
?4. tmnt‐s n smnkc Rmẫt Ğîel t`Ẻo

E
??. tmnt‐s nwcsjkc Rmẫt tuyỌt
?2. ijja gjrwnrb tj + W`el/E Kjel Ğữ` Ğ`Ỏu lé

P
?3. `etcrcstcb `e+ E/W-`el tmëom tmö vỎ Ğ`Ỏu lé/v`Ọo lé

S
?7. snvc up R`Ẻt a`Ọk
?<. Xjjr yju! RỐ` elm`Ọp dẮe!

^
?=. nbf/nbv cejulm+(gjr sd) tj v / cejulm ĞỬ(omj n`) Ğỏ ièk lé
+E (gjr sd) tj v

Í K
A
P
>.
Ẩ
O. \JTB GJTKN
GJTKNR@JE
_RR WCTD_
R@JE

nlrcc
NBFCOR@WC
nlrccndic
NBWCTD_ EJSE
nlrccndiy nlrcckcet
 B
4. nrrnelc /rcnrrnelc nrrnelckcet

?. bco`bc bco`s`vc bco`s`vciy bco`s`je

2. cetcrtn`e cetcrtn`e`el Cetcrtn`ekcet/ cetcrtn`ecr
7.
<.
rcgusc
cefjy cefjyndic cefjyndiy
rcgusni
cefjykcet
I
=.

B. LTN
LTNKKN
bctcot

KKNT T
bctcotndic
@
bctcot`je/ bctcot`vc/ bctcotjr

@. OÎO ĘờEL RỦ BJ, XINP, LJ

>. OmỠo eďel
G @O
G
AẺt mữp vố` oîo bnem tỡ omỀ mjẮt ĞỐel l`ắ` trë mjẼo oîo kòe tmỏ tmnj trjel emè,
Bj amòel i`æe qune tố` trî` dÿel, tmƸớel knel tëem oî emäe vè amòel knel tëem om`Ẻe

J
Ğảu lnem Ğun. Bj ncrjo`os (tẫp yjln) Bj dniict (kön dn-iæ)
AẺt mữp vố` oîo bnem tỡ omỀ kòe tmỏ tmnj i`æe qune tố` trî` dÿel mjẼo kỐt vẫt tƸƮel
Xiny tỾ trî` dÿel
dÿel emƸ trî` oẬu/ quắ oẬu, oÿ tëem omảt lnem Ğun vố` ĞỞ` tmỬ amîo. Xiny

E
gjjtdnii Xiny tcee`s
RmƸớel Ğ` vố` oảu tröo W-`el, knel tæe kỐt kòe tmỏ tmnj mny mjẮt ĞỐel l`ắ` trë eèj
Lj
Ğÿ. Lj sw`kk`el Lj ruee`el
@@. LCTSEB_ ( W-@EL)
>. BcBcg`
g`e`
e`t`
t`je
je66 Lcr
crue
uebb iè bnem tỡ ĞƸữo méem tmèem dẾel oîom tmæk Ğuò` -`el (W-`el) vèj ĞỐel

M ƨ
tỡ eluyæe kạu vè Ớ bẮel pmỬ Ğềem omöel tn sẻ tmæk ejt Ớ pmën trƸốo. Lcrueb tmƸớel ĞƸữo lị` iè

E
bnem ĞỐel tỡ. Cl6 ojk`el, du`ib`el, tcnom`el…
4. Ssc6
* Bnem ĞỐel tỡ oÿ tmỏ ĞƸữo bðel snu oîo ĞỐel tỡ eÿ` vỎ sỚ tmëom mny emỪel Ğ`Ỏu omöel tn

P
tmëom mjẼo amòel tmëom.
Wcrd Wcrds +(ejt) W-`el

S
s
I`ac @ i`ac santcdjnrb`el `e ky grcc t`kc

^
Ijvc _mc ijvcs trn`e`el mcr bjl
Mntc Mc mntcs cnt`el jut
Xrcgc Ky kjtmcr
kjtmcr prcgcrs lj`el fjll`el
r

ÍK
* Bðel snu kỐt sỞ ĞỐel tỡ vè oợk ĞỐel tỡ snu
snu66
I`ac cefjy ijvc one‐t stneb bje‐t k`eb mntc wnstc spceb

Bcg`g`e`
A
@@@. RJ @EG@E@R@WC ( RJ W)
>. Bc e`t`
t`je
je66 R
Rjj ``eg
eg`e
`e`t
`t`v
`vcc iè méem tmỠo ĞỐel tỡ eluyæe tmỏ oÿ tj(tj W)

P
4. Ssc6 - ĘỐel tỡ eluyæe tmỏ oÿ tj bbðel ðel Ğỏ ĞƸn rn iớ` omảp emẫe, kớ`, tỡ omỞ` vè eÿ` vỎ ssỚỚ tmëom.
-KỐt sỞ ĞỐel tỡ tmƸớel ĞƸữo tmcj snu dỚ` ĞỐel tỡ eluyæe tmỏ oÿ RJ6

Ẩ
- ngg
nggjr
jrb6
b6 Ğîp
Ğîp Ỡe
Ỡell - nl nlrc
rcc6
c6 Ğở
Ğởel
el û - npnppc
pcnr
nr66 mé
méem
em em
emƸƸ - nrr
nrrne
nelc
lc66 sẪp
sẪp xẺp
xẺp - nsa6
nsa6 yæu
yæu oẬu
- nttckpt
nttckpt66 oỞ lẪel, eỜ iỾo - bco`bc6 quyẺt Ğềem - cxpcot6 kjel Ğữ` - gn`i6 tmảt dẮ`, mỊel

B
- mjpc6 my vịel - `etceb`etceb66 Ğềem - `ev`tc6 kớ` - icnre6 mịo/ mịo oîom - knenl knenlc6c6 xjny sỚ,oỞ lẪel
- jg
jggc
gcr6
r6 omj,
omj, tẼ
tẼel
el,, ĞỎ el
elmề
mề - pipine
ne66 iæe
iæe aẺ mị
mịno
nomm - prct
prctce
ceb6
b6 l`
l`ắắ vớ - prjk
prjk`s
`sc6
c6 mỠ
mỠnn - rcgu
rcgusc
sc66 tỡ omỞ`
omỞ`
- scck6 bƸớel emƸ - tcii6 dắj - tceb6 oÿ amuyem mƸốel - tmrcntce6 Ğc bịn - wnet6 kuỞe
- wjuib i`ac/ijv
i`ac/ijvc/mntc/
c/mntc/prcgcr6
prcgcr6 kuỞe,tm
kuỞe,tmëomëom
 @W. OJEFSEOR@JE JG R@KC

I
>. EJ\ RMNR6 iè i`æe tỡ omỀ tmớ` l`ne ĞƸữo bðel am` eluyæe emäe ĞƸữo eæu rn Ğnel b`ểe rn
mjẼo vỡn kố` b`ểe rn. Omöel tn oÿ tmỏ iƸữo dỊ tmnt trjel vďe eÿ`.
Ejw (tmnt) tmc a`bs mnvc icg
icgtt mjkc, wc'vc ljt n ijt jg cxtrn spnoc. (Däy l`ớ dịe trằ amòel sỞel

@
oðel eỪn, omöel tò` tmảy rảt rỐel rï`).
4. DCGJTC/ NGRCT6 KỌem ĞỎ oÿ omỠn i`æe tỡ Dcgjrc, Ngtcr iè kỌem ĞỎ pmợ dồ suel elỪ
elmĠn omj kỌem ĞỎ
ĞỎ omëem. Am` ĞƸữo Ğắj iæe ĞẬu oäu, kỌem ĞỎ omỠ n Dcgjrc, Ngtcr oẬe elďe oîom
vố` kỌem ĞỎ omëem dẾel bảu pmẠy. Oîo i`æe tỡ tƸƮel tỾ amîo iè wmce, ns sjje ns,uet`i…
* Oîom b`ểe ĞẮt tmớ` tƸƮel in` trjel oîo kỌem ĞỎ tmớ` l`ne6

G @ O
W(s.guturc) W (s.prcscet)

G
_ + dc lj`el tj + wmce/ns
wmce/ns sjje ns/ng
ns/ngtcr/dcgj
tcr/dcgjrc/uet`
rc/uet`ii _ + (prcscet pcrgcot)

Wë bợ6 - Djd w`ii ojkc sjje. \mce Djd ojkcs

ojkcs,, wc w`ii scc m`k.
- I`e
I`ebn
- \c‐ii
bn ``ss lj
lj`el
`el tj iicnv
cnvcc ssjje
jje.. Dcgjrc smc icnvcs
J
icnvcs,, smc `s lj`el tj g`e`sm mcr wjra.
\c‐ii dc ndic tj icnvc gjr tmc n`rpjrt ns sjje ns tmc tnx` nrr`vcs
- @‐ii wn`t mcrc uet`i tmcy ojkc dnoa.
nrr`vcs..

E
IƸu û6 Rrjel oîo kỌem ĞỎ omỠn i`æe tỡ omỀ tmớ` l`ne vố` û elmĠn tƸƮel in` omöel tn amòel bðel
tmé tƸƮel in` ĞƮe (w`ii) mjẼo dc lj`el tj kè omỀ bðel tmé tmé m`Ọe
m`Ọe ttẮ` ĞƮe (s`kpic prcscet) mjẼo tmé
Ắ` ĞƮe

ƨ
m`Ọe tẮ` mjèe (prcscet pcrgcot) am` kuỞe emảe kẮem ĞẺe sỾ mjèe tmèem oỬn mèem ĞỐel trƸốo am`
kỐt mèem ĞỐel amîo xắy rn.

*WëOîom
bợ6 -b`ểe
@‐ii lj
ĞẮttjtmớ
dcb` quî
ngtcramỠ
@ g`e`sm
trjelkyoîo
mjkcwjra.

EM
tmớ` kỌem ĞỎ tmớ` l`ne6
_ + W (s`kpic pnst) wmce/ uet`i/ dcgjrc/ ngtcr/ ns sjje ns _+ W (s`kpic pnst)
Wë bbợợ6 - _mc sn`b ljjbdyc dcgjrc smc icgt icgt.. -
@ stnrtcb somjji wmce @ wns s`x.
-\c stnycb tmcrc uet`i wc g`e`smcb wjra.
P
-Ky kjtmcr wcet mjkc ngtcr smc g`e`smcb wjra nt tmc jgg`oc.
- Ky k kjtjtmc
S
mcrr wcet mjkc ns sjje ns smc g`e`smcb wjra nt tmc jgg`oc.

^
C]CTO@_C_
N. I@_R
I@_RCE@EL
CE@EL
@. Ojkpictc tmc ejtcs d dcijw.
cijw. \r`tc JEC \JTB
\JTB JT N ESKDCT ggjr jr cnom neswcr.
neswcr.
I`stce tj tmc rnb`j prjlrnk b`souss`el ic`surc trcebs `e tmc Se`tcb _tntcs neb g`ii `e tmc dinea
ENR@JENI IC@_STC RTCEB_

ÍK
Rjp gjur ic`surc Jtmcr not`v` `v`t`
t`ccs % wmj wntom Rjp g`vc Rjp g`vc
not`v`t`cs `e tmc tcicv`s`je rcorcnt`jeni rcorcnt`jeni
S._.
A not`v`t`cs gjr
wjkce
not`v`t`cs gjr kce

P
\ntom`el Ss`el ojkputcrs ?…………..% \nia`el 3………………
tcicv`s`je 4………………… jeoc n bny Ncrjd`os Dnsactdnii

Ẩ
Tcnb`el \ntom`el 3<%9 twj Cxcro`s`el \nia`el
_jo`ni`z`el spcotntjr spjrts mjurs 2………… Fjll`el

B
>……………….. Tcnb`el tmc =%5 g`vc mjurs Fjll`el d`a`el
ecwspnpcr
@@. Omjjsc tmc ojrrcot
ojrrcot icttcr, N, D, O jr
jr B.

Pju w`ii mcnr n stubcet tnia ndjut tmc wr`tcr mjddy. I`stce tj m`s tnia neb n omjjsc tmc ojrrcot icttcr.
 7. \m
\mce
ce bb`b
`b tm
tmcc wr
wr`tc
`tcrr st
stnr
nrtt m`
m`ss m
mjd
jddy
dy::
N. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb m`s mjddy wmce mc wns yjuel.

I
D. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb m`s mjddy wmce mc wns n tccenlcr.
O. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb m`s mjddy wmce m`s pnrcets nsacb m`k.
B. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb m`s mjddy wmce mc gjueb sjkc stjry djjas.

@
<. \m
\mnt
nt b`
b`bb tm
tmcc wr
wr`tc
`tcrr st
stnr
nrtt m`
m`ss mj
mjdd
ddyy w`tm
w`tm::
N. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb w`tm neytm`el tmnt `s nvn`indic.

O
D. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb m`s mjddy w`tm gn`ry tnics neb jtmcr stjr`cs.
O. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb m`s mjddy w`tm stjry djjas, knlnz`ecs, ecwspnpcrs.
B. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb m`s mjddy w`tm NDO djjas.
=. Mjw b`b m m`s
`s pn
pnrcets
rcets gcci nndjut
djut rcnb`e
rcnb`ell gn`
gn`ry
ry tni
tnics
cs ne
neb b jtm
jtmcr
cr stj
stjr`cs
r`cs tj m`k:
N. Rmcy wcrc `etcrcstcb `e rcnb`el neytm`el tmnt `s nvn`indic.
D. Rmcy wcrc nelry w`tm rcnb`el gn`ry tnics neb jtmcr stjr`cs tj m`k.
O. Rmcy wcrc djr`el w`tm rcnb`el gn`ry tnics neb jtmcr stjr`cs tj m`k. G G @
B. Rmcy wcrc `etcrcstcb `e rcnb`el gn`ry tnics neb jtmcr stjr`cs tj m`k.
0. Noo
Noojrb
jrb`el
`el tj tm
tmcc wr`tc
wr`tcr, r, wmn
N. Dy rcnb`el mc aecw ndjut b`scnsc.
wmntt `s tmc wje
wjebcr
bcrgui
gui tm
tm`el
`el nndju
J
djutt rcnb
rcnb`el
`el::

D. Dy rcnb`el mc mns tj stuby mnrb.

O. Dy rcnb`el mc bjcs ejt mnvc tj stuby mnrb.
E
ƨ
B. Dy rcnb`el mc aecw ndjut n R`lcr.
>8. Noojrb
Noojrb`el
`el tj tmc wr wr`tcr,
`tcr, wmn
wmntt bj djja
djjass prjv`bc tmtmcc rcnbcr
rcnbcr::
N. Djjas prjv`bc tmc rcnbcr w`tm sj kney `lejrnet icnre`el tm`els.
D. Djjas
Djjas prjv`bc
prjv`bc tmc
tmc rcnbcr
rcnbcr w`tm
w`tm ejtm`el
sj kneytjgnotsojpcneb sj i`v`el.
kuom `egjrknt`je.

EM
O. w`tm
B. Djjas prjv`bc tmc rcnbcr w`tm i`ttic tm`els tj mcip pcjpic `e tmc`r bn`iy i`gc.

P
D. IC]@
IC]@ONI
ONI LTNKK
LTNKKNT
NT
@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc uebcri`ecb pnrt

S
b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. N. orjsswjrb D. ncrjd`os O. ic`surc B. prjk`sc

^
4. N. bco`bc D. k`eb O. t`by B. ue`quc
?. N. nrrnelc D. vnouuk O. nbv`sc B. nlrcc
2. N. stneb D. wnstc O. mntc B. smnkc
3. N. jggcrcb D. trnvciicb O. mcipcb B. cefjycb
@@. Knra
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur
yjur neswcr
neswcr smcct
smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt
tmnt b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr
tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes

Í K
7. N. jggcr D. nrrnelc O. bco`bc B. nlrcc

A
<. N. mjddy D. ic`surc O. trcnsurc B. kctni
=. N. vnont`je D. gnk`iy O. bctcotjr B. nlrcckcet

P
0. N. cefjykcet D. bco`s`je O. prcgcrceoc B. rcgusni
>8. N. bctcot`je D. m`stjry O. `etcrv`cw B. cxcro`sc

Ẩ
@@@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswc
neswcrr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojr
ojrrcot
rcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc
gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
qucst`jes.

B
>>. Neen6 "@'k ngrn`b @ one't ojkc tje`lmt."
Xctcr6 " ZZZZZZ "
N. Jm, tmnt's n smnkc. D. Pju‐rc wciojkc
O. Jg ojursc. @ w`ii B. \cii. Xicnsc dc onrcgui
>4. Knrtmn6 "\c‐rc mnv`el n dndy."

Ckkn6 " ZZZZZZ!‛ Ojelrntuint`jes!"

 N. Xjjr yju! D. Rmnt s nwcsjkc

I
O. Ojkc je, ict‐s lj. B. Ja, tmnt `s g`ec.
>?. W`cwcrs knac tmc g`eniZZZZZZ ns tj wmj smjuib dc ci`k`entcb grjk tmc ojkpct`t`je
N. bco`s`je D. bco`bc O. bco`s`vc B. bco`s`vcecss

@
>2. Rmc tnias nrc n`kcb nt g`eb`el n kutuniiyZZZZZZ sjiut`je.
N. nlrcckcet D. nlrcc O. nlrccndic B. nlrccndiy

O
>3. Rmc Eneoy nbjrcs ZZZZZZ w`tm mcr dcst gr`ceb Mcice.
N. mnel`el up D. mnel`el jut O. mnel`el je B. mnel`el jvcr
>7. Fnkcs `s ZZZZZZ anrntc `e tmc pinylrjueb w`tm m`s gr`cebs neb mc `s vcry cxo`tcb.

N. _mc
stuby`el
wns iy`el je tmc gijjr.D.@t mnppcecb
bj`el ZZZZZZ
O. piny`el B. mnvcbny.

GG@
><. n mjt sukkcr‐s
N. `e D. nt O. jg B. je
>=. _mc Ciice ZZZZZZgn`tmguiiy ejt tj jpce mcr prcscet uet`i mcr d`rtmbny.
N. nrrnelcb D. jggcrcb O. prjk`scb
J
>0. Pju'b mnvc n dcttcr ZZZZZZjg pnss`el yjur cxnks `g yju wjracb n d`t mnrbcr.
N. pjss`d`i`ty D. nd`i`ty O. omneoc
B. bco`bcb

B. prjspcot
48. Nee `s `etcrcstcb ZZZZZZ tcnom`el yjuel om`ibrce.
N. `e D. nt O. tj
E B. je

ƨ
4>. Rmc om`ibrce nrc ZZZZZZ tj scc`el tmc`r lrnebkn nln`e..
N. ijja`el `etj D ijja`el up O. ijja`el gjrwnrb B. ijja`el ngtcr
44. Mc nlrccbZZZZZZ tmc fjd ns sjje ns pjss`dic.
N. stnrt D. stnrt`el O. tj stnrt B. tj dc stnrtcb
4?. @ kust lj ejw. @ prjk`scbZZZZZZ intc.

EM
N. ejt dc`el D. ejt tj dc O. tj ejt dc B. @ wjuibe't dc
42. _mc bjcse‐t i`ac ZZZZZZ up cnriy `e tmc kjre`el, cspco`niiy nt tmc wccaceb.
N. tj ljt D. ljt
P O. ejt lctt`el B. lctt`el
43. Ns n om`ib, mc mntcb ZZZZZZ djjas, dut ejw mc g`ebs `t cefjyndic.
c efjyndic.
N. rcnb`el D. tj rcnb`el
S O. rcnb
47. Ky kjtmcr niwnys bjcs ncrjd`os ZZZZZZ smc ljcs tj dcb.
B. `e rcnb`el

^
N. uet`i D. ejw tmnt O. dcgjrc B. ngtcr
4<. Ijja djtm wnys dcgjrc yju ZZZZZZ tmc strcct.
N. orjsscb D. orjss O. w`ii orjss B. dc orjss

K
4=. ZZZZZZ tmc wcntmcr‐s e`oc, tmc om`ibrce piny juts`bc nii bny.
N. Mjwcvcr D. bcsp`tc O. Nitmjulm B. Ejw tmnt
40. lj`el
Bj yju rckckdcrZZZZZZD. tjtjljLcrkney wmceO. yju wcrc twj ycnrs
B.jib:

AÍ
N. tj lj`el lj
?8. _tjr`cs ndjut p`rntcs jgtce `eoiubc n scnrom gjr dur`cb ZZZZZZ.
N. drnebs D. trcnsurc O. djttic B. smjvci

P
@W. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el
tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

Ẩ
?>. Rmcy mnvc jppjrtue`t`cs jg `ebuil`el `e ljig, tcee`s neb jtmcr rcorcnt`jes wm`om nrc bce`cb tj tmc
jrb`enry wjracr.

B
N. b`ssnt`sgnot`je D. bcprcss`je O. cetcrtn`ekcet B. snbecss
?4. @e tmc guturc, onrs cqu`ppcb w`tm je-djnrb ojkputcrs w`ii dc ndic tj bctcot neb nvj`b trngg`o fnks
nutjknt`oniiy.
N. `lejrc D. nrrnelc O. rcgusc B. b`sojvcr

W. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC `e kcne`el
tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
??. .@ aejw grjk cxpcr`ceoc tmnt gcnr one dc mnebicb `g yju rcgusc tj ict `t tnac jvcr.
N. noocpt D. rcfcot O. bcey B. nvj`b
?2. Cvcry om`ib `s ue`quc, w`tm tmc`r jwe eccbs, prcgcrceocs neb tnicets. I
@
N. rnrc D. pnrt`ouinr O. ojkkje B. cxoius`vc
W@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs

O
ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

@
?3. Dctm knbc n prck`s
prck`scc tj Jw
Jwce ce tmnt smc w
wjuib
juib ijja ngtcr mm`s
`s bj
bjll wm
wmcecvcr
cecvcr mc wns nwny.
N. prck`sc D. tmnt O. ijja ngtcr B. nwny
?7. >0. @ bco`b
bco`bcb
cb omn
omnel`
el`el
el fjd
fjdss dcon
dconusc
usc ky ddjss
jss k
knac
nacss kc wjr
wjraa jvcr
jvcrt`k
t`kc.
c.
N. bco`bcb D. omnel`el O. knacs B. wjra

G G
?<. Ngtcr Fcss`on
Fcss`on g`e`sm
g`e`smcb
cb mcr bclrcc
bclrcc,, smc `etceb
`etcebss tj wjra `e mcr gntmcr‐
gntmcr‐ss ojkpne
ojkpney.
y.
N. g`e`smcb D. bclrcc O. knacs B. wjra
O. TCNB@EL
J
@. Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc

E
tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg ttmc
mc eukdcrcb dineas

GSE NEB LNKC_

ƨ
Bj yju tm`ea ojkputcr lnkcs `s fust gjr a`bs: Rmce yju smjuib tm`ea nln`e. Pju k`lmt dc
surpr`scb(
surp r`scb(>)
>) ZZZ
ZZZZZZ
ZZZ tmnt tmc lnk
lnkcc `ebu
`ebustry
stry ej
ejww knacs kjr
kjrcc kjecy tm
tmne
ne Mjiiy
Mjiiywjjb
wjjb (4) ZZZ
ZZZZZZ
ZZZ n

M
gnk`iy duys n ecw XO, nii tmcy rcniiy wnet tj bj `s tj piny lnkcs.
@t `s mnrbiy surpr`s`el tmnt v`bcj lnk`el mns dcojkc jec jg tmc kjst pjpuinr gjrks jg (?)
ZZZZZZZtjbny. N ljjb lnkc `s i`ac n ljjb g`ik1 `t w`ii mjib yjur nttcet`je, onpturc yjur `knl`ent`je
neb piny w`tm yjur ckjt`jes.

not`je neb tmnt `s wmnt knacs tmck sj

P E
Rmc d`l (2) ZZZZZZZZZ, mjwcvcr, `s tmnt wntom`el n kjv`c `s n pnss`vc pnst`kc. Pju mnvc ej sny
`e mjw tmc pijt bcvcijps jr wm`om omnrnotcrs bjk`entc tmc stjry. \`tm ojkputcr lnkcs, yju b`rcot tmc
sj cxo`t`el. (3) ZZ
ZZZZZZtmc
ZZZZtmc r`lmt lnkc `s i`aciy tj ss`leni
`leni tmc

>. N. tj icnre`el
S
dcl`ee`el jg n inst`el ijvc nggn`r w`tm tmc `etcrnot`vc wjrib jg knac-dci`cvc.
D. icnrecb O. icnre`el B. tj icnre

^
4. N. Ns sjje ns D. Ejw tmnt O. Ngtcr B. Dcgjrc
?. N. b`ssnt`sgnot`je D. not`v`ty O. smnpc B. cetcrtn`ekcet
2. N. lnp D. vnr`cty O. b`ggcrceoc B. b`rcot`je

K
3. N. G`eb`el D. Gjueb O. Gjuebcb B. Mnv`el gjueb

@@. Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur n
neswcr
eswcr smc
smcct
ct tj `eb`ontc tmc
ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes

AÍ
Mjdd`cs nrc prnot`ocb gjr `etcrcst neb cefjykcet, rntmcr tmne g`eneo`ni rcwnrb. Cxnkpics `eoiubc
ojiicot`el, orcnt`vc neb nrt`st`o pursu`ts, kna`el, t`eacr`el, spjrts neb nbuit cbuont`je. Celnl`el `e n

P
mjddy one icnb tj noqu`r`el sudstnet`ni sa`ii, aejwicblc, neb cxpcr`ceoc. Mjwcvcr, pcrsjeni
guig`ikcet `s tmc n`k.

Ẩ
\mnt nrc mjdd`cs gjr sjkc pcjpic nrc prjgcss`jes gjr jtmcrs6 n lnkc tcstcr kny cefjy ojja`el ns
n mjddy, wm`ic n prjgcss`jeni omcg k`lmt cefjy piny`el (neb mcip`el tj bcdul) ojkputcr lnkcs.

B
Lcecrniiy spcna`el, tmc pcrsje wmj bjcs sjkctm`el gjr gue, ejt rckuecrnt`je, `s oniicb ne nkntcur
(jr mjddy`st), ns b`st`eot grjk prjgcss`jeni.
Ne `kpjrtnet bctcrk`enet jg wmnt `s ojes`bcrcb n mjddy, ns b`st`eot grjk n prjgcss`je (dcyjeb tmc
inoa jg rckuecrnt`je), `s prjdndiy mjw cnsy `t `s tj knac n i`v`el nt tmc not`v`ty. Nikjst ej jec one

knac n i`v`el nt o`lnrcttc onrb jr stnkp ojiicot`el, dut kney pcjpic g`eb `t cefjyndic1 sj `t `s
ojkkjeiy rclnrbcb ns n mjddy.

I
Nkntcur nstrjejkcrs jgtce knac kcne`elgui ojetr`dut`jes tj tmc prjgcss`jenis. @t `s -ejt cet`rciy
ueojkkje gjr n mjddy`st tj dc tmc g`rst tj b`sojvcr n ocicst`ni djby jjrr cvcet.
@e tmc SA, tmc pcfjrnt`vc ejue nejrna (s`k`inr tj tmc Fnpnecsc 'jtnau' kcne`el n lcca jr cetmus`nst)
c etmus`nst)
`s jgtce nppi`cb tj pcjpic wmj jdscss`vciy pursuc n pnrt`ouinr mjddy tmnt `s ojes`bcrcb djr`el, suom
ns trn`e spjtt`el jr stnkp ojiicot`el.
>. \m\m`om`om jg ttmc
mc ggji
jiij
ijw`
w`el
el `s ej
ejtt tr
truc
uc::
 @
O
>. \m\m`om
`om jg ttmc
mc ggji
jiij
ijw`
w`el
el `s ej
ejtt tr
truc
uc::

@
N. Mjdd`cs knac pcjpic gcci rcinxcb neb snt`sg`cb.
D. Mjdd`cs one l`vc pcjpic aejwicblc neb cxpcr`ceoc.
O. Mjdd`cs nrc kn`eiy prnot`scb gjr prjg`t.
B. Mjdd`cs nrc rcorcnt`jeni not`v`t`cs.
4. Noo
Noojrb
jrb`el
`el tj tmtmcc pn
pnssn
ssnlc,
lc, n mj
mjddy
ddy`st`st ZZZZ
ZZZZZZZ
ZZZZ.Z.

G G
N. `s usuniiy pn`b gjr m`s mjdd`cs D. kny cefjy m`s wjra ns n mjddy
O. `ebuilcs `e kney mjdd`cs
?. _tnkp ojiicot`
ojiicot`elel ``ss oj
ojkkjei
N. pcjpic one knac n i`v`el nt `t
kkjeiyy rclrclnrbcb
nrbcb ns n mjdd
mjddyy dc
dconuscZ
J
B. `s b`st`elu`smcb grjk n prjgcss`jeni
onuscZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZ
D. pcjpic g`eb `t cefjyndic
ZZZ

O. pcjpic g`eb `t prjg`tndic

2. \m`
\m`omom jg ttmc
mc gj
gjiij
iijw`e
w`ell `s ej
ejtt oni
oniicb
icb 'o
'ocics
cicst`n
t`nii djb
djb`cs'
E
B. pcjpic g`eb `t cnsy tj pursuc
`cs'::

ƨ
N. tmc Lninxy D. pinect O. stnrs B. tmc sue
3. \mn
\mntt on
one
ed dcc `e
`egcrr
gcrrcbcb ggrjk
rjk tmc insinstt pn
pnrnl
rnlrnp
rnpm: m:

M
N. pcjpic wmj nrc vcry `etcrcstcb `e djr`el mjdd`cs mjdd`cs nrc or`t`o`zcb.
D. stnkp ojiicot`el `s ejt pjpuinr ejwnbnys.
O. tmc wjrb 'nejrna' `s bcr`vcb grjk Fnpnecsc.
B. N & D nrc ojrrcot.
B. \T@
\T@R@E
R@EL
L
PE
S
@. Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el sscetceocs
cetceocs w`tm tmc snkc
snkc kcne`el jg tmc l`vce jecs.
>. @ djulmt n ecw ejtcdjja je tmc wny tj somjji. ( stjppcb)
ZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZ

^
4. \c‐rc stny`el `e K`ine gjr n e`lmt dcgjrc giy`el mjkc. (pinee`el
(pinee`el))
ZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZ
?. @ bje‐t wnet tj ojja tje`lmt - ict's mnvc n tnacnwny. ((gcci)
gcci)

K
 ZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZ
2. Ojuib yju nsa Grneo`s tj ojkc `etj ky jgg`oc, picnsc: (k`eb
(k`eb))
 ZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZ
3. @ bje‐t tm`ea `t‐s i`aciy tmnt yju w`ii w`e tmc ojkpct`t`je. (omneoc)
 ZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZ

A Í
7. Rmcy ”ii smjw R`tne nt tmc o`eckn neb tmcy ”ii rcicnsc tmc BWB (dcgjrc)

P
ZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZ
<. @ ”ii g`e`sm knra`el tmc cxnk neb tmce @‐ii tcii yju yjur rcsuits. (sjje)

Ẩ
 ZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZ
=. @ snw tmc g`ik neb tmce @ rcnb tmc djja. ( ngtcr)

B
 ZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZ
0. Ky pnrcet wjuibe‐t ict kc stny jut intc wmce @ wns yjuel. (uscb tj)
 ZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZ
>8. Bnrce tm`eas tmnt wcnr`el n su`t tj wjra `s npprjpr`ntc. (i`acs)

 ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZ
@@. \r`tc ne cssn
cssnyy jg >=8 wjrbs
wjrbs b`souss tmc gjiijw`el
gjiijw`el qucst`je6

I
_jkc pcjpic tm`ea tmnt `t `s `kpjrtnet tj usc ic`surc t`kc gjr not`v`t`cs tmnt `kprjvc tmc k`eb, suom
ns rcnb`el neb bj`el wjrb puzzics. Jtmcr pcjpic gcci tmnt `t `s `kpjrtnet tj rcst tmc k`eb bur`el
ic`surc t`kc. B`souss djtm v`cws neb l`vc yyjur
jur jp`e`je.

C. _XC
_XCNA@
NA@EL
EL
@
O
@. Pju nrc lj`el tj neswcr tmc gjiijw
gjiijw`el
`el qucst`jes6
>. \mnt `s yju
yjurr gnvjr`tc
gnvjr`tc ic`surc
ic`surc not`v`ty:
not`v`ty:
4. \mnt b`b yyju
ju cefjy bj`el
bj`el `e yjur
yjur grcc t`kc ns n om`ib:
om`ib:
?. Bj yju prc
prcgcr
gcr tj spceb yjur
yjur grcc t`kc w`tm
w`tm jtmcr pcjpic
pcjpic jr nijec:
nijec:
2. \mnt `s n ojkkje
ojkkje ic`surc not`v`ty
not`v`ty `e yjur
yjur ojuetry:
ojuetry:
G @
3. Bj kjst pc
pcjpic
jpic `e yjur
yjur ojuetry
ojuetry lct twj bnys jgg
jgg n wcca:

JG
7. Bj yju tm`ea ic`surc
ic`surc t`kc
t`kc `s `kpjrtn
`kpjrtnet:
et:

@@. Bcsor`dc n ic`surc

ic`surc not`v`ty yju bj w`tm yjur
yjur gnk`iy

E
Pju smjuib sny

\mnt `t `s

\mce yju bj `t
ƨ
\mcrc yju bj `t

Neb cxpin`e mjw yju gcci ndjut `t M

PE
S
^
K
Í
P A
Ẩ
B

SE@R 46 CERCTRN@EKCER NEB IC@_STC

I
WJONDSINTP NEB LTNKKNT TCW@C\
N. WJONDSINTP
>. ncrjd`
ncrjd`os(
os(e)
e) Rmỏ bợo emềp
emềp >?. jggcr (e,v)Q 'ɒgɐr [ (Iớ`) ĞỎ elmề

@
Qcɐ'rɐʆdɦas[ Ğ`Ọu >2. prjk`sc (e,v) (Iớ`) mỠn
4. d`ac (e)Qdnɦa[ ]c ĞẮp Q'prɞkɦs[

O
?. onejc`el(e)Qaɐ'eu˘.ɦŁ[ W`Ọo omíj >3. rcgusc(v) Qrɦ'gfu˘z [ Rỡ omỞ`
omỞ`
tmuyỎe dẾel on

@
>7. tckpic (e) ĘỎe, Ğ`Ọe, k`Ẻu
eò Q 'tckpi [

G
2. oiuc (e) Qaiu˘[ Knem kỞ` ><. bctcot (v) Bô, ték rn
3. orjsswjrb puzzic(e) Rrô omƮ` ò omỪ Q bɦ'tcat [
Qˍarɒsˉwərbˉpʉz¼ɐi[ >=. nrrnelc (e) _Ẫp xẺp
 7. mnel jut (v) Ę` omƮ`
bèemvố` n` Q>0.
ɐ rcɦebʔ[
kctni bctcotjr(e) Kîy bô a`k ijẮ`

JG
QmçŁ[ Ğÿ, tmớ`
l`ne Ớ kỐt eƮ` Q 'kcti b`'tcatɐ [
eèj Ğÿ 48. trcnsurc(e)Q Omäu dîu, amj dîu

E
<.anrnjac(e)Q‖açrɦ'ɐʆaɦ[ Mît anrnjac 'trcʔɐ(r) [
=. ic`surc(e) Q'iɦ˘ʔɐr Rmớ` l`ne rắem4>. ojefueot`je(e) i`æe tỡ

ƨ
/'icʔɐ[ rỜ` Qaɐe'bʢʉɿaʏe[
0. rjic piny`el lnkc(e) Rrô omƮ` emẫp 44. ue`quc(nbf) Buy emảt, ĞỐo, iẮ
Qfu˘'eɦ˘a[

M
Qˍrjʆi.picɦ.ɦŁ ˉɮcɦk [ vn`/ Ğÿel vn`
>8. nlrcc(v)Q ɐ'lr`˘ [ Ęởel û 4?. nbv`sc(v) Amuyæe
Amuyæe dắj
dắj
Qɐb'vnɦs[
>>. drn
drneb(e
eb(e)) Qdrçeb[ Emïe(mèel mÿn)

E
42. noocpt(v) Omảp emẫe
>4. rjdjt dnttic(e) OuỐo om`Ẻe rò
Qɐa'scpt[
Qˍrɐʆ.dɔt 'dçti[ dỞt
43. bco`bc(v) ^uyẺt Ğềem
D. C]XTC__@JE_ NEB JRMCT_ _RTSORSTC_ Q bɦ'snɦb [
47. ejw tmnt
4<. npnrt grjk ; cxocpt gjr
4=. Lj gjr n d`ac r`bc
S P DỚ` vé
EljẮ` trỡ
ĘẮp xc

^
40. Mnvc n omneoc jg bj`el sjkctm`el/ Oÿ oƮ mỐ`
mỐ` Ğỏ ièk lé
lé
tj bj sjkctm`el
?8. one‐t stneb Amòel omều ĞỾel eồ`

K
?>. bje‐t k`eb Amòel pm`Ỏe
?4. tmnt‐s n smnkc Rmẫt Ğîel t`Ẻo

Í
??. tmnt‐s nwcsjkc Rmẫt tuyỌt
?2. ijja gjrwnrb tj + W`el/E Kjel Ğữ` Ğ`Ỏu lé
?3. `etcrcstcb `e+ E/W-`el tmëom tmö vỎ Ğ`Ỏu lé/v`Ọo lé
?7. snvc up R`Ẻt a`Ọk
?<. Xjjr yju! RỐ` elm`Ọp dẮe!

PA
?=. nbf/nbv cejulm+(gjr sd) tj v / ĞỬ(omj n`) Ğỏ ièk lé
cejulm +E (gjr sd) tj v

Ẩ
O. \JTB GGJTKNR@J
JTKNR@JE E
_RR
_R R WCTD
WCTD__ NBFC
NBFCOR
OR@W
@WC
C NBWC
NBWCTD
TD__ EJSE
EJSE
>. nlrcc nlrccndic nlrccndiy nlrcckcet

B 4.

?.
2.
nrrnelc
/rcnrrnelc
bco`bc
cetcrtn`e
bco`s`vc
cetcrtn`e`el
nrrnelckcet

bco`s`vciy bco`s`je
Cetcrtn`ekcet/ cetcrtn`ecr

7. rcgusc rcgusni
<.. ce
cbectfjcyot cbectfjcyotnnddicic cefjyndiy cectfjcyotk
`jcee/t

I
= b bctcot`vc/
bctcotjr

B. LTNKKNT

@
@. OÎO ĘờEL
ĘờEL RỦ BJ, XINP,
XINP, LJ
>. OmỠo eďel

O
AẺt mữp vố` oîo bnem tỡ omỀ mjẮt ĞỐel l`ắ` trë mjẼo oîo kòe tmỏ tmnj trjel emè,

@
Bj amòel i`æe qune tố` trî` dÿel, tmƸớel knel tëem oî emäe vè amòel knel tëem
om`Ẻe Ğảu lnem Ğun. Bj ncrjo`os (tẫp yjln) Bj dniict (kön dn-iæ)

G
AẺt mữp vố` oîo bnem tỡ omỀ kòe tmỏ tmnj i`æe qune tố` trî` dÿel mjẼo kỐt vẫt
Xiny tƸƮel tỾ trî` dÿel
dÿel emƸ trî` oẬu/ quắ oẬu, oÿ tëem omảt lnem
lnem Ğun vố` ĞỞ` tmỬ amîo.

G
Xiny gjjtdnii Xiny tcee`s
RmƸớel Ğ` vố` oảu tröo W-`el, knel tæe kỐt kòe tmỏ tmnj mny mjẮt ĞỐel l`ắ` trë
Lj
@@. LCTSEB_eèj(W-@EL)
Ğÿ. Lj sw`kk`el Lj ruee`el
>. Bcg`e`
Bcg`e`t`j
t`je6
e6 Lcrueb
Lcrueb iè bnem tỡ ĞƸữo méem tmèem dẾel
dẾel oîom tmæk Ğuò` -`el (W-`el) vèj ĞỐel
tỡ eluyæe
eluyæe kạu vè Ớ bẮel pmỬ Ğềem omöel tn tn sẻ tmæk ejt Ớ pmën trƸốo.
trƸốo. Lcrueb
Lcrueb tmƸớel
tmƸớel ĞƸữo
ĞƸữo lị`
 J
iè bnem ĞỐel tỡ.
4. Ssc6
C.l6 ojk`el, du`ib`el, tcnom`el…

E
ƨ
* Bnem ĞỐel tỡ oÿ tmỏ ĞƸữo bðel snu oîo ĞỐel tỡ eÿ` vỎ sỚ tmëom mny emỪel Ğ`Ỏu omöel
tn tmëom mjẼo amòel tmëom.

M
Wcrd
Wc rdss Wcrd
Wcrdss +(ej
+(ejt)
t) W-`e
W-`ell
I`ac @ i`ac santcdjnrb`el `e ky grcc t`kc

E
Ijvc _mc ijvcs trn`e`el mcr bjl
Mntc Mc mntcs cnt`el jut
Xrcgcr Ky kjtmcr prcgcrs lj`el fjll`el
* Bðel snu kỐt
kỐt sỞ ĞỐel tỡ vè oợk ĞỐel
ĞỐel tỡ snu6
I`ac cef
cefjy ijvc one‐t stneb bje
bje‐t k`eb mnt
mntc wnstc spceb
@@@. RJ @EG@E@R@
@EG@E@R@WC
>. Bcg`e`t`je6
WC (RJ W)
Bcg`e`t`je6 Rj `eg`e`t`vc
SP
`eg`e`t`vc iè méem tmỠo ĞỐel tỡ eluyæe tmỏ oÿ tj(tj W)

^
4. Ssc6 - ĘỐel tỡ eluyæe tmỏ oÿ tj bðel Ğỏ ĞƸn rn iớ` omảp emẫe, kớ`, tỡ omỞ` vè eÿ` vỎ sỚ tmëom.
-KỐt sỞ ĞỐel tỡ tmƸớel ĞƸữo tmcj snu dỚ` ĞỐel tỡ eluyæe tmỏ oÿ RJ6
- nggjrb6 Ğîp Ỡel - nlrcc6 Ğởel û - nppcnr6 méem emƸ - nrrnelc6 sẪp xẺp - nsa6 yæu oẬu
- nttckpt6
nttckpt6 oỞ lẪel,
lẪel, eỜ iỾo - bco`bc6
bco`bc6 quyẺt Ğềem - cxpcot6
cxpcot6 kjel
kjel Ğữ`
Ğữ` - gn`i6
gn`i6 tmảt
tmảt dẮ`,
dẮ`, mỊel

K
- mjpc6
mjpc6 my vịel
vịel - `etceb6
`etceb6 Ğềem - `ev`tc6 kớ` - icnre6 mịo/ mịo
mịo oîom - knenlc6
knenlc6 xjny sỚ, oỞ lẪel
- jggcr6 omj, tẼel, ĞỎ elmề - pine6 iæe aẺ mịnom - prctceb6 l`ắ vớ - prjk`sc6 mỠn - rcgusc6 tỡ omỞ`
- scck6
scck6 bƸớel

Í
bƸớel emƸ - tcii6 tcii6 dắj - tceb6
tceb6 oÿ amuyem
- wjuib i`ac/ijvc/mntc/prcgcr6 kuỞe, tmëom

@W. OJEFSEOR@JE JG R@KC

amuyem mƸốel
mƸốel - tmrcnt
tmrcntce6
ce6 Ğc bịn - wnet6
wnet6 kuỞe
kuỞe

>.
mjẼoEJ\
EJ \kố`
RMNR
RMNR 6 ièrn.
i`æe tỡ omỀtntmớ` l`ne ĞƸữo
dỊ bðel am` eluyæe
vďe eÿ`.emäe ĞƸữo eæu rn Ğnel b`ểe rn

P A
vỡn b`ểe Omöel oÿ tmỏ iƸữo tmnt trjel
Ejw (tmnt) tmc a`bs mnvc icgt mjkc, wc'vc ljt n ijt jg cxtrn spnoc. (Däy l`ớ dịe trằ amòel sỞel

Ẩ
oðel eỪn, omöel tò` tmảy rảt rỐel rï`).
4. DCGJTC
DCGJTC// NGRCT6
NGRCT6 KỌem ĞỎ oÿ omỠn omỠn i`æe
i`æe tỡ Dcgjrc
Dcgjrc, Ngtcr iè kỌem
kỌem ĞỎ pmợ
pmợ dồ su
suel
el elỪ
elỪ elmĠ
elmĠnn

B
omj kỌem ĞỎ omëem. Am` ĞƸữo Ğắj iæe ĞẬu oäu, kỌem ĞỎ omỠ n Dcgjrc, Ngtcr oẬe elďe oîom vố`
kỌem ĞỎ omëem dẾel bảu pmẠy. Oîo i`æe tỡ tƸƮel tỾ amîo iè wmce, ns sjje ns,uet`i…
* Oîom b`ểe ĞẮt tmớ` tƸƮel in` trjel oîo kỌem ĞỎ tmớ` l`ne6
W(s. guturc) W (s. prcscet)
_+ + wmce/ns sjje ns/ngtcr/dcgjrc/uet`i _ +
dc lj`
lj`el
el tj (Xrcscet
(Xrcscet pcrg
pcrgcot)
cot)

Wë bợ6
bợ6 - Djd
Djd w`ii
w`ii ojkc
ojkc sjje.. \mce Djd ojkcs,
sjje wc w`ii scc m`k.

-- I`ebn
\c‐ii`s lj`el tj icnvctjsjje. gjr smc
Dcgjrc icnvcs , smc ns
`s lj`el
sjjetj ns tmc mcrtnx`
g`e`sm wjra.

I
dc ndic icnvc tmc n`rpjrt nrr`vcs.
- @‐ii wn`t mcrc uet`i tmcy ojkc dnoa.
IƸu û6 Rrjel oîo kỌem ĞỎ omỠn i`æe tỡ omỀ tmớ` l`ne vố` û elmĠn tƸƮel in` omöel tn amòel bðel

@
tmé tƸƮel in` ĞƮe (w`ii) mjẼo dc lj`el tj kè omỀ bðel tmé m`Ọe tẮ` ĞƮe (s`kpic prcscet) mjẼo tmé
m`Ọe tẮ` mjèe (prcscet pcrgcot) am` kuỞe emảe kẮem ĞẺe sỾ mjèe tmèem oỬn mèem ĞỐel trƸốo

O
am` kỐt mèem ĞỐel amîo xắy rn.

@
Wë bợ6 - @‐ii lj tj dcb ngtcr @ g`e`sm ky mjkcwjra.
* Oîom b`ểe ĞẮt
ĞẮt tmớ` quî amỠ trjel
trjel oîo kỌem ĞỎ tmớ` l`nl`ne6
e6

G
_ + W (s`kpic pnst) wmce/ uet`i/
u et`i/ dcgjrc/ ngtcr/ ns sjje ns _+ W (s`kpic pnst)
Wë bợ6 - _mc sn`b ljjbdyc dcgjrc smc icgt. - @ stnrtcb somjji wmce @ wns s`x.

G
- \c stnycb tmcrc uet`i wc g`e`smcb wjra.
- Ky kjtmcr wcet mjkc ngtcr smc g`e`smcb wjra nt tmc jgg`oc.
- Ky kjtmcr wcet mjkc ns sjje ns smc g`e`smcb wjra nt tmc jgg`oc.

J
C]CTO@_C_
N. I@_RCE@EL

E
@. Ojkpictc tmc ejtcs dcijw. \r`\r`tc
tc JEC \JTB JT N ESK ESKDCT
DCT gjr cnom neswcr.
I`stce tj tmc rnb`j prjlrnk b`souss`el ic`surc trcebs `e tmc Se`tcb _tntcs neb g`ii `e tmc dinea
ENR@JENI IC@_STC RTCEB_
Rjp gjur Jtmcr
Jtmcr not`v`
not`v`t`c
t`css % wmj wntom
wntom Rjp g`vc Rjp g`vc
 ƨ
M
ic`surc tcicv`s`je rcorcnt`jen rcorcnt`jeni
not`v`t`cs `e i not`v`t`cs not`v`t`cs gjr kce
tmc S._. gj
gjrr wjkc
wjkce e

E
\ntom`el Ss`el ojkputcrs ?……=>…% \nia`el 3… Ljig …
tcicv`s`je 4… Cnt`el jut … jeoc n bny Ncrjd`os Dnsactdnii
Tcnb`el \ntom`el 3<%9 twj Cxcro`s`el \nia`el
_jo`ni`z`el spcotntjr spjrts mjurs 2… Ncrjd`os Fjll`el
>…_mjpp`el.. Tcnb`el tmc =%5
mjursg`vc Fjll`el d`a`el

SP
ecwspnpcr
@@. Omjjsc tmc ojrrco
ojrrcott ic
icttcr,
ttcr, N, D
D,, O jr B
B..

^
Pju w`ii mcnr n stubcet tnia ndjut tmc wr`tcr mjddy. I`stce tj m`s tnia neb n omjjsc tmc ojrrcot icttcr.
7. \mce b`b tmc wr`tcr stnrt m`s mjddy:
N. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb m`s mjddy wmce mc wns yjuel.
D. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb m`s mjddy wmce mc wns n tccenlcr.

K
O. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb m`s mjddy wmce m`s pnrcets nsacb m`k.
B. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb
stnrtcb m`s mjddy wmce mc gjueb sjkc stjry djjas.

Í
<. \mnt b`b tmc wr`tcr stnrt m`s mjddy w`tm:
N. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb w`tm neytm`el tmnt `s nvn`indic.

A
D. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb
stnrtcb m`s mjddy w`tm gn`ry tnics neb jtmcr stjr`cs.
O. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb
stnrtcb m`s mjddy w`tm stjry
stjry djjas, knlnz`ecs,
knlnz`ecs, ecwspnpcrs.
ecwspnpcrs.
B. Rmc wr`tcr stnrtcb m`s mjddy w`tm NDO
NDO djjas.
=. Mjw b`b
b`b m`s pnrcets
pnrcets gcci
gcci ndjut
ndjut rcnb`el
rcnb`el gn`ry
gn`ry tnics neb
neb jtmcr stjr`cs
stjr`cs tj m`k:
m`k:

ẨP
N. Rmcy wcrc `etcrcstcb `e rcnb`el neytm`el tmnt `s nvn`indic.
nvn`indic.
D. Rmcy wcrc nelry
nelry w`tm rcnb`el gn`ry
gn`ry tnics neb jtmcr
jtmcr stjr`cs tj m`k.
O. Rmcy wcrc djr`el
djr`el w`tm rcnb`el gn`ry
gn`ry tnics neb jtmcr stjr`cs tj
tj m`k.

B
B. Rmcy wcrc `etcrcstcb
`etcrcstcb `e rcnb`el
rcnb`el gn`ry tnics neb
neb jtmcr stjr`cs
stjr`cs tj m`k.
0. Noojrb`el
Noojrb`el tj tmc wr`tcr,
wr`tcr, wmnt
wmnt `s tmc wjebcrgui
wjebcrgui tm`el
tm`el ndjut
ndjut rcnb`el:
rcnb`el:
N. Dy rcnb`el mc aecw ndjut b`scnsc.
D. Dy rcnb`el
rcnb`el mc mns tj stuby mnrb.
O. Dy rcnb`el mc bjcs ejt mnvc tj stuby mnrb.
mnrb.

B. Dy rcnb`el mc aecw ndjut n R`lcr.

>8. Noojrb`el tj tmc wr`tcr, wmnt bj djjas prjv`bc tmc rcnbcr:
N. Djjas prjv`bc tmc rcnbcr w`tm
w`tm sj kney `lejrnet
`lejrnet icnre`el tm`els.
D. Djjas prjv`bc tmc rcnbcr w`tm
w`tm sj kney gnots neb sj kuom `egjrknt`je.
`egjrknt`je.

I
O. Djjas prjv`bc
prjv`bc tmc rcnbcr
rcnbcr w`tm ejtm`el tj ojpc w`tm i`v`el.
B. Djjas prjv`bc
prjv`bc tmc rcnbcr w`tm i`ttic tm`els tj mcip pcjpic `e tmc`r bn`iy i`gc.

D. IC]@ONI LTNKKNT
@
O
@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc uebcri`ecb pnrt

@
b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. N. orjsswjrb D. ncrjd`os O. ic`surc B. prjk`sc

G
4. N. bco`bc D. k`eb O. t`by B. ue`quc
?. N. nrrnelc D. vnouuk O. nbv`sc B. nlrcc

G
2. N. stneb D. wnstc O. mntc B. smnkc
3. N. jggcrcb D. trnvciicb O. mcipcb B. cefjycb
@@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs grjk tmc
jtmcr tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes
7
<.. N
jggcr
N.. mjddy D. nrrnelc O. bco`bc B. nlrcc

EJ
D. ic`surc O. trcnsurc B. kctni
=. N. vnont`je D. gnk`iy O. bctcotjr B. nlrcckcet
0. N. cefjykcet D. bco`s`je O. prcgcrceoc B. rcgusni

ƨ
>8. N. bctcot`je D. m`stjry O. `etcrv`cw B. cxcro`sc
@@@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg
tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>>. Neen6 "@'k ngrn`b @ one't ojkc tje`lmt."
Xctcr6 ’ ZZZZZZ "
 M
E
N. Jm, tmnt's n smnkc. D. Pju‐rc wciojkc
O. Jg ojursc. @ w`ii B. \cii. Xicnsc dc onrcgui
>4. Knrtmn6 "\c‐rc mnv`el n dndy."
dndy."
Ckkn6 ’ ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ! Ojelrntuint`jes!"
N. Xjjr yju! D. Rmnt‐s nwcsjkc
Ojkc je,knac
O. W`cwcrs ict‐s lj. B. Ja, tmntgrjk
`s g`ec.

S P
>?. tmc g`eniZZZZZZ ns tj wmj smjuib dc ci`k`entcb tmc ojkpc
ojkpct`t`je
t`t`je

^
N. bco`s`je D. bco`bc O. bco`s`vc B. bco`s`vcecss
>2. Rmc tnias nrc n`kcb nt g`eb`el n kutuniiyZZZZZZ sjiut`je.
N. nlrcckcet D. nlrcc O. nlrccndic B. nlrccndiy
>3. Rmc Eneoy nbjrcs ZZZZZZ w`tm mcr dcst gr`ceb Mcice.

K
N. mnel`el up D. mnel`el jut O. mnel`el je B. mnel`el jvcr
>7. Fnkcs `s ZZZZZZ anrntc `e tmc pinylrjueb w`tm m`s gr`cebs neb mc `s vcry cxo`tcb.

Í
N. stuby`el D. bj`el O. piny`el B. mnvc
><. _mc wns iy`el je tmc gijjr. @t mnppcecb ZZZZZZ n mjt sukkcr‐s bny.

A
N. `e D. nt O. jg B. je
>=. _mc Ciice ZZZZZZgn`tmguiiy ejt tj jpce mcr prcscet uet`i mcr d`rtmbny.
N. nrrnelcb D. jggcrcb O. prjk`scb B. bco`bcb
>0. Pju'b mnvc n dcttcr ZZZZZZjg pnss`el yjur cxnks `g yju wjracb n d`t mnrbcr.
pjss`d`i`ty
N. Nee D. nd`i`ty O. omneoc B. prjspcot

ẨP
48. `s `etcrcstcb ZZZZZZ tcnom`el yjuel om`ibrce.
N. `e D. nt O. tj B. je
4>. Rmc om`ibrce nrc ZZZZZZ tj scc`el tmc`r lrnebkn nln`e.

B
N. ijja`el `etj D ijja`el up O. ijja`el gjrwnrb B. ijja`el ngtcr
44. Mc nlrccbZZZZZZ tmc fjd ns sjje ns pjss`dic.
N. stnrt D. stnrt`el O. tj stnrt B. tj dc stnrtcb
4?. @ kust lj ejw. @ prjk`scbZZZZZZ intc.

N. ejt dc`el D. ejt tj dc O. tj ejt dc B. @ wjuibe't dc

42. _mc bjcse‐t i`ac ZZZZZZ up cnriy `e tmc kjre`el, cspco`niiy nt tmc wccaceb.
N. tj ljt D. ljt O. ejt lctt`el B. lctt`el
43. Ns n om`ib, mc mntcb ZZZZZZ djjas, dut ejw mc g`ebs `t cefjyndic.
N. rcnb`el D. tj rcnb`el O. rcnb B. `e rcnb`el

I
47. Ky kjtmcr niwnys bjcs ncrjd`os ZZZZZZ smc ljcs tj dcb.

@
N. uet`i D. ejw tmnt O. dcgjrc B. ngtcr
4<. Ijja djtm wnys dcgjrc yju ZZZZZZ tmc strcct.

O
N. orjsscb D. orjss O. w`ii orjss B. dc orjss

@
4=. ZZZZZZ tmc wcntmcr‐s e`oc, tmc om`ibrce piny juts`bc nii bny.
N. Mjwcvcr, D. Bcsp`tc O. Nitmjulm B. Ejw tmnt

G
40. Bj yju rckckdcrZZZZZZ tj Lcrkney wmce yju wcrc twj ycnrs jib:
N. lj`el D. tj lj O. tj lj`el B. lj

G
?8. _tjr`cs ndjut p`rntcs jgtce `eoiubc n scnrom gjr dur`cb ZZZZZZ.
N. drnebs D. trcnsurc O. djttic B. smjvci

J
@W. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el
tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
?>. Rmcy mnvc jppjrtue`t`cs jg `ebuil`el `e ljig, tcee`s neb jtmcr rcorcnt`jes wm`om nrc bce`cb tj
tmc jrb`enry wjracr.

E
N. b`ssnt`sgnot`je D. bcprcss`je O. cetcrtn`ekcet B. snbecss
?4. @e tmc guturc, onrs cqu`ppcb w`tm je-djnrb ojkputcrs w`ii dc ndic tj bctcot neb nvj`b trngg`o

ƨ
fnks nutjknt`oniiy.
N. `lejrc D. nrrnelc O. rcgusc B. b`sojvcr

M
W. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC `e
kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
??. @ aejw grjk cxpcr`ceoc tmnt gcnr one dc mnebicb `g yju rcgusc tj ict `t tnac jvcr.

E
N. noocpt D. rcfcot O. bcey B. nvj`b
?2. Cvcry om`ib `s ue`quc, w`tm tmc`r jwe eccbs, prcgcrceocs neb tnicets.
N. rnrc D. pnrt`ouinr O. ojkkje B. cxoius`vc
W@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs
?3. Dctm knbc n prck`sc tj Jwce
N. prck`sc D. tmnt
P
ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
Jwce tmnt smc wjuib ijja ngtcr
ngtcr m`s bjl wmcecvcr mc wns
O. ijja ngtcr B. nwny
wns nwny.

^S
-5 prjk`sc
?7. >0. @ bco`bcb omnel`el fjds dconusc ky djss knacs kc wjra jvcrt`kc.
N. bco`bcb D. omnel`el O. knacs B. wjra
-5 tj omnelc

K
?<. Ngtcr Fcss`on g`e`smcb mcr bclrcc, smc `etcebs tj wjra `e mcr gntmcr‐s ojkpney.
N. g`e`smcb D. bclrcc O. knacs B. wjra

Í
-5 g`e`smcs
O. TCNB
TCNB@E@EL
L

A
@. Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj
`eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas
GSE NEB LNKC_
Bj yju tm`ea ojkputcr lnkcs `s fust gjr a`bs: Rmce yju smjuib tm`ea nln`e. Pju k`lmt dc
surpr`scb (>) ZZZZZZ tmnt tmc lnkc `ebustry ejw knacs
knacs kjrc kjecy
kjecy tmne Mjiiyw
Mjiiywjjb
jjb (4) ZZZZZZ n
gnk`iy duys n ecw XO, nii tmcy rcniiy wnet tj bj `s tj piny lnkcs.

Ẩ P
@t `s mnrbiy surpr`s`el tmnt v`bcj lnk`el mns dcojkc jec jg tmc kjst pjpuinr gjrks jg (?)
ZZZZZZZtjbny. N ljjb lnkc `s i`ac n ljjb g`ik1 `t w`ii mjib yjur nttcet`je, onpturc yjur `knl`ent`je

B
neb piny w`tm yjur ckjt`jes.
Rmc d`l (2) ZZZZZZZZZ, mjwcvcr, `s tmnt wntom`el n kjv`c `s n pnss`vc pnst`kc. Pju mnvc ej sny `e
mjw tmc pijt bcvcijps jr wm`om omnrnotcrs bjk`entc tmc stjry. \`tm ojkputcr lnkcs, yju b`rcot

tmc not`je neb tmnt `s wmnt knacs tmck sj cxo`t`el. (3) ZZZZZZtmc r`lmt lnkc `s i`aciy tj s`leni tmc
dcl`ee`el jg n inst`el ijvc nggn`r w`tm tmc `etcrnot`vc wjrib jg knac-dci`cvc.
>. N. tj icnre`el D. icnrecb O. icnre`el B. tj icnre
4. N. Ns sjje ns D. Ejw tmnt O. Ngtcr B. Dcgjrc
?. N. b`ssnt`sgnot`je D. not`v`ty O. smnpc B. cetcrtn`ekcet
2. N. lnp D. vnr`cty O. b`ggcrceoc B. b`rcot`je

@ I
3. N. G`eb`el D. Gjueb O. Gjuebcb B. Mnv`el gjueb
@@. Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc

O
tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes

@
Mjdd`cs nrc prnot`ocb gjr `etcrcst neb cefjykcet, rntmcr tmne g`eneo`ni rcwnrb. Cxnkpics
`eoiubc ojiicot`el, orcnt`vc neb nrt`st`o pursu`ts, kna`el, t`eacr`el, spjrts neb nbuit cbuont`je.

G
Celnl`el `e n mjddy one
on e icnb tj noqu`r`el sudstnet`ni sa`ii, aejwicblc, neb cxpcr`ceoc. Mjwcvcr,
pcrsjeni guig`ikcet `s tmc n`k.

G
\mnt nrc mjdd`cs gjr sjkc pcjpic nrc prjgcss`jes gjr jtmcrs6 n lnkc tcstcr kny cefjy ojja`el
ns n mjddy, wm`ic n prjgcss`jeni omcg k`lmt cefjy piny`el (neb mcip`el tj bcdul) ojkputcr lnkcs.

J
Lcecrniiy spcna`el, tmc pcrsje wmj bjcs sjkctm`el gjr gue, ejt rckuecrnt`je, `s oniicb ne
nkntcur (jr mjddy`st), ns b`st`eot grjk prjgcss`jeni.
Ne `kpjrtnet bctcrk`enet jg wmnt `s ojes`bcrcb n mjddy, ns b`st`eot grjk n prjgcss`je (dcyjeb
tmc inoa jg rckuecrnt`je), `s prjdndiy mjw cnsy `t `s tj knac n i`v`el nt tmc not`v`ty. Nikjst ej jec
one knac n i`v`el nt o`lnrcttc onrb jr stnkp ojiicot`el, dut kney pcjpic g`eb `t cefjyndic1 sj `t `s

E
ojkkjeiy rclnrbcb ns n mjddy.

ƨ
Nkntcur nstrjejkcrs jgtce knac kcne`elgui ojetr`dut`jes tj tmc prjgcss`jenis. @t `s -ejt
cet`rciy ueojkkje gjr n mjddy`st tj dc tmc g`rst tj b`sojvcr n ocicst`ni djby jr cvcet.

M
@e tmc SA, tmc pcfjrnt`vc ejue nejrna (s`k`inr tj tmc Fnpnecsc 'jtnau' kcne`el n lcca jr
cetmus`nst) `s jgtce nppi`cb tj pcjpic wmj jdscss`vciy pursuc n pnrt`ouinr mjddy tmnt `s
ojes`bcrcb djr`el, suom ns trn`e spjtt`el jr stnkp ojiicot`el.

E
>. \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`el `s ejt truc:
N. Mjdd`cs knac pcjpic gcci rcinxcb neb snt`sg`cb.
D. Mjdd`cs one l`vc pcjpic aejwicblc neb cxpcr`ceoc.

P
O. Mjdd`cs nrc kn`eiy prnot`scb gjr prjg`t.
B. Mjdd`cs nrc rcorcnt`jeni not`v`t`cs.
4. Noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc, n mjddy`st ZZZZZZZZ.
N. `s usuniiy pn`b gjr m`s mjdd`cs D. kny cefjy m`s wjra ns n mjddy
 O. `ebuilcs `e kney mjdd`cs B. `s b`st`elu`smcb grjk n prjgcss`jeni

^S
?. _tnkp ojiicot`el `s ojkkjeiy rclnrbcb ns n mjddy dconuscZZZZZZZZ
N. pcjpic one knac n i`v`el nt `t D. pcjpic g`eb `t cefjyndic
O. pcjpic g`eb `t prjg`tndic B. pcjpic g`eb `t cnsy tj pursuc

K
2. \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`el `s ejt oniicb 'ocicst`ni djb`cs':
N. tmc Lninxy D. pinect O. stnrs B. tmc sue

Í
3. \mnt one dc `egcrrcb grjk tmc inst pnrnlrnpm:
N. pcjpic wmj nrc vcry `etcrcstcb `e djr`el mjdd`cs nrc or`t`o`zcb.

A
D. stnkp ojiicot`el `s ejt pjpuinr ejwnbnys.
O. tmc wjrb 'nejrna' `s bcr`vcb grjk Fnpnecsc.
B. N & D nrc ojrrcot.

B. \T@R@EL
P
BẨ
@. Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`
kcne`el
el jg tmc l`vce jecs.
>. @ djulmt n ecw ejtcdjja somjji. ( stjppcb)
ejtcdjja je tmc wny tj somjji.
‡Je tmc wny tj somjji, @ stjppcb tj duy n ecw ejt cdjja.
ejtcdjja
e`lmt dcgjrc giy`el mjkc. (pinee`el)
4. \c‐rc stny`el `e K`ine gjr n e`lmt
\c nrc pinee`el tj stny `e K`ine gjr n e`lmt dcgjrc giy`el mjkc.
mjkc.

?. @ bje‐t wnet tj ojja

ojja tje`lmt - ict's mnvc n tnacnwny. (gcci)
tnacnwny.
@ bje‐t gcci i`ac ojja`el tje`l
tje`lmt
mt - ict‐s mnvc n tnacnw
tnacnwny.
ny.

I
2. Ojuib yju nsa Grneo`s tj ojkc `etj ky jgg`oc, picnsc: (k`eb)
Bj yju k`eb nsa`el Grneo`s tj ojkc `etj ky jgg`oc, picnsc:
w`ii w`e tmc ojkpct`t`je. (omneoc)
3. @ bje‐t tm`ea `t‐s i`aciy tmnt yju w`ii
@7.tm`ea
Rmcytmcrc‐s i`ttic omneoc jg o`eckn
yjur w`ee`el tmc”ii
ojkpct`t`je
rcicnsc tmc BWB (dcgjrc)

@
”ii smjw R`tne nt tmc neb tmcy
‡ Rmcy ”ii rcicnsc tmc BWB dcgjrc tmcy smjw/ mnvc smjw R`tne nt tmc o`eckn.

O
<. @ ”ii g`e`sm knra`el tmc cxnk neb tmce @‐ii tcii yju yjur rcsuits. (sjje)

@
‡ @‐ii tcii yju yjur rcsuits ns sjje ns @ g`e`sm tmc cxnk
=. @ snw tmc g`ik neb tmce @ rcnb tmc djja( ngtcr)

G
‡ @ snw tmc g`ik neb tmce @ rcnb tmc djja.
0. Ky pnrcet wjuibe‐t ict kc stny jut intc wmce @ wns yjuel.(uscb tj)

G
‡Ky pnrcet ecvcr uscb tj/ uscb ejt tj ict kc stny jut intc wmce @ wns yjuel.
npprjpr`ntc. (i`acs)
>8. Bnrce tm`eas tmnt wcnr`el n su`t tj wjra `s npprjpr`ntc.

J
‡ Bnrce i`acs tj wcnr n su`t tj wjra `s npprjpr`ntc.
@@. \r`tc ne cssny jg >=8 wjrbs b`souss tmc gjiijw`el qucst`je6
_jkc pcjpic tm`ea tmnt `t `s `kpjrtnet tj usc ic`surc t`kc gjr not`v`t`cs tmnt `kprjvc tmc k`eb,
suom ns rcnb`el neb bj`el wjrb puzzics. Jtmcr pcjpic gcci tmnt `t `s `kpjrtnet tj rcst tmc k`eb

bur`ell ic`surc t`kc.

bur`e t`kc. B`souss djtm v`cw neb
neb l`vc yjur jp`e`je.
jp`e`je.

ƨE
_ullcstcb `bcns6
+Nlrcc

M
- Ic`surc not`v`t`cs cemneoc ojeocetrnt`je
ojeocetrnt`je -5 kcetniiy not`vc tmrjulm not`v`t`cs suom ns rcnb`el
neb bj`el wjrb puzzics.
- _trcss kny fust si`p nwny wmce wc ijsc jurscivcs `e n lrcnt stjry jg n djja jr ojeocetrntc je

E
sjiv`el tmc wjrb puzzics.
+ B`snlrcc6
- _uggcr n ijel t`kc uebcr wjra/ stuby prcssurc-5 grcsm k`eb/ rcomnrlc dnttcry-5 ln`e ecw

P
cecrl`cs.
- Tcst`el tmc k`eb dy bj`el ejtm`el `s n dcttcr wny tj dcnt strcss.

C. _XCNA@EL
S
@. Pju nrc lj`el tj neswcr tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes6
>. \mnt `s yjur gnvjr`tc ic`surc not`v`ty:
_ullcstcb neswcr6
\cii, @ nk n d`l gne jg gjjtdnii, sj wmcecvcr @ mnvc grcc t`kc, @ w`ii spceb t`kc a`oa`el tmc dnii w`tm
 ^
K
ky lrjup jg gr`cebs. Notuniiy, tm`s `s nisj tmc wny tj du`ib up jur gr`cebsm`p.
4. \mnt b`b yju cefjy bj`el `e yjur grcc t`kc ns n om`ib:

Í
\mce @ wns n i`ttic
i `ttic l`ri/ djy, @ mnvc strjel pnss`je gjr mnel`el jut w`tm ky gr`cebs. \c usuniiy wcet
sw`kk`el `e n r`vcr ecnr ky mjusc jr gicw n a`tc je pnbby g`cibs.

A
?. Bj yju prcgcr tj spceb yjur grcc t`kc w`tm jtmcr pcjpic jr nijec:
Bcg`e`tciy, @ wjuib i`ac tj spceb ky ic`surc t`kc w`tm ky oijsc gr`cebs wmj nisj i`vcs `e ky
ec`lmdjrmjjb. \c piny n vnr`cty jg not`v`t`cs suom ns m`bc- neb -scca, piny`el omcss jr spjrts.

P
2. \mnt `s n ojkkje ic`surc not`v`ty `e yjur ojuetry:
Notuniiy, tmcrc nrc kney b`ggcrcet typcs jg not`v`tcs `e ky ojuetry. @t bcpcebs je tmc pinocs wmcrc
om`ibrce i`vc. Gjr cxnkpic, `e rurni nrcns, a`bs one piny sjkc trnb`t`jeni lnkcs i`ac di`eb kne's diugg
jr fust ontom`el duttcrgi`cs. @e o`t`cs, om`ibrce one tnac pnrt `e lnkcs `e tmc pinylrjuebs jr fust stny
nt mjkc neb piny v`bcj lnkcs.

BẨ
3. Bj kjst pcjpic `e yjur ojuetry lct twj bnys jgg n wcca:

Jg ojursc, `t `s typ`oni gjr ckpijyccs tj mnvc twj bnys jgg n wcca. Mjwcvcr, wjracrs `e gnotjr`cs kny
mnvc tj wjra jvcrt`kc `g tmcy wjra je bny neb e`lmt sm`gts. Rmnt `s nisj n wny gjr tmck tj cnre kjrc

I
kjecy.
7. Bj yju tm`ea ic`surc t`kc `s `kpjrtnet:
_pceb`el grcc t`kc je bj`el rcorcnt`jeni not`v`t`cs `s `eb`spcesndic dconusc pcjpic one gcci rcinxcb
ngtcr n strcssui wcca jg wjra`el jr stuby`el. @t one mcip djjst jur kjjb ns wcii ns cecrl`cs.

@
@@. Xnrt 46

O
Bcsor`dc n ic`surc not`v`ty yju bj w`tm yjur gnk`iy

@
Pju smjuib sny
\mnt `t `s

G
\mce yju bj `t
\mcrc yju bj `t

G
Neb cxpin`e mjw yju gcci ndjut `t

J
Oäu trắ
trắ iớ` tmnk
tmnk amắj
amắj ttỡ
ỡ wcd
wcd66
(\mnt `t `s)6

Ky gnk`iy `s ljjb nt ojja`el s`eoc wc niwnys tm`ea `t `s dcttcr tj mnvc mjkc ojjacb gjjb, neb
usuniiy mnvc d`l gcnsts je tmc wccacebs. Mjwcvcr, @ wjuib i`ac tj tnia ndjut tmc t`kc wmce ky
gnk`iy lntmcrcb tj knac Omuel onac gjr tmc Rct mji`bny.
(\mce yju bj `t)
ƨE
M
Rmc Iuenr Ecw Pcnr, jr Rct, wns n vcry spco`ni trnb`t`jeni mji`bny `e ky ojuetry. @t wns prjdndiy
ky gnvjur`tc mji`bny wmce @ wns n sknii djy, ns ky gnk`iy b`b n ijt jg not`v`t`cs tj ocicdrntc tm`s

E
joons`je. Nkjel tmck, kna`el Omuel onac cxo`tcb kc tmc kjst. Rrnb`t`jeniiy, wc niwnys knbc
Omuel Onac twj bnys dcgjrc tmc Iuenr
Iu enr Ecw Pcnr.

P
(\mcrc yju bj `t)

S
\c mnb n d`l ynrb dcm`eb jur mjusc, neb tmc Omuel onac wns knbc tmcrc, grjk prcpnr`el
`elrcb`cets, tj smnp`el tmc onac tj ojja `t. @ st`ii rckckdcr mnv`el mcipcb ky pnrcets prcpnrc tmc
onac‐s `elrcb`cets wm`ic ky cibcr drjtmcr wns `e omnrlc jg smnp`el tmc onac. Neb tmce, ky gntmcr
i`t n sknii
tj g`rc
stnytj
updj`i
intc.tmc onac jvcre`lmt. @t wns pcrmnps tmc jeiy t`kc jg tmc ycnr wmce @ wns

^
niijwcb

K
(Neb cxpin`e mjw yju gcci ndjut `t)

@e rcocet ycnrs, ky gnk`iy mns ejt mnb cejulm t`kc tj knac Omuel onac je jur jwe. Mjwcvcr, n
 Í
rcnby-knbc Omuel onac tmnt wc duy grjk n ijoni knract oneejt dr`el tmc snkc spco`ni gcci`els

A
neb rcpinoc tmc tnstc jg n Omuel onac knbc nt mjkc. @ mjpc tmnt ky gnk`iy one ojet`euc jur
trnb`t`je `e tmc ojk`el ycnrs.

I@_RCE@EL6
P
Nub`j sor`pt

BẨ
Xnrt >6
Mjw bj Nkcr`ones spceb tmc`r grcc t`kc: Mcrc nrc n gcw gnots grjk Ic`surc Rrna®, wm`om
kcnsurcs tmc ic`surc neb rcorcnt`jeni mnd`ts jg Nkcr`ones >7 ycnrs jib neb jvcr.

Rmc tjp gjur ic`surc not`v`t`cs jg nii Nkcr`ones nrc6 wntom`el tcicv`s`je, rcnb`el, sjo`ni`z`el
neb smjpp`el. Ss`el ojkputcrs, cnt`el jut, wntom`el spcotntjr spjrts, neb rcnb`el tmc

I
ecwspnpcr nisj rneacb m`lm.
=> pcrocet jg Nkcr`ones cefjy wntom`el tcicv`s`je nt icnst jeoc n bny.
3< pcrocet wntom RW gjr icss tmne twj mjurs, dut c`lmt pcrocet nbk`t wntom`el `t gjr g`vc jr
kjrc mjurs pcr bny. Rmc tjp g`vc rcorcnt`jeni not`v`t`cs gjr wjkce nrc wnia`el, ncrjd`os,
cxcro`s`el, d`a`el, neb fjll`el. Rmc tjp g`vc gjr kce nrc ljig, dnsactdnii, wnia`el, fjll`el, neb
d`a`el.

O @
Xnrt 46

@
Ky mjddy `s rcnb`el. @ rcnb stjry djjas, knlnz`ecs, ecwspnpcrs neb ney a`eb jg kntcr`ni
tmnt @ g`eb `etcrcst`el.

Ky mjddy ljt stnrtcb wmce @ wns n i`ttic djy. @ mnb

tnics neb jtmcr stjr`cs tj kc. _jje tmcy ljt gcb up w`tm m
ns sjje ns @ ojuib,
mnv`el G
m nb niwnys wnetcb ky pnrcets tj rcnb gn`ry

G
nv`el tj rcnb tj kc ojet`euniiy. _j
o juib, @ icnrecb tj rcnb. @ stnrtcb w`tm s`kpic NDO djjas. _jje @ ojuib rcnb gn`ry

J
tnics neb stjr`cs. Ejw @ rcnb fust ndjut neytm`el tmnt `s nvn`indic.

Tcnb`el cendics kc tj icnre ndjut sj kney tm`els. @ icnrecb ndjut mjw pcjpic i`vcb `e
dyljec bnys. @ icnrecb ndjut tmc wjebcrs jg tmc wjrib, spnoc trnvci, mukne nom`cvckcets,
l`lnet`o wmnics, t`ey v`ruscs neb jtmcr gnso`ent`el tm`els.

Rmc wjebcrgui tm`el ndjut rcnb`el `s tmnt @ bj ejt mnvc tj icnre tm`els vcry mnrb wny. Gjr

ƨ E
cxnkpic, @ bj ejt mnvc tj ontom n b`scnsc tj aejw tmnt `t one a`ii kc. @ aejw tmc bnelcr sj @

M
one nvj`b `t. Nisj @ bj ejt mnvc tj bccp `etj tmc fuelic tj g`eb jut ndjut t`lcrs. @ one rcnb nii
ndjut `t `e n djja.

E
Djjas prjv`bc tmc rcnbcr w`tm sj kuom `egjrknt`je neb gnots. Rmcy mnvc ocrtn`eiy mcipcb
kc `e ky bn`iy i`gc. @ nk dcttcr cqu`ppcb tj ojpc w`tm i`v`el. Jtmcrw`sc @ wjuib lj ndjut
`lejrnetiy icnre`el tm`els tmc mnrb wny.

P
_j @ ojet`euc tj rcnb. Dcs`bcs dc`el kjrc `egjrkcb ndjut tmc wjrib. @ nisj spceb ky t`kc

S
prjg`tndiy. @t `s `ebccb n ljjb mjddy.

K^
Í
 A
P
Ẩ
B

SE@R ?6 _MJXX@EL

N- WJONDS
WJONDSINT
INTP
P I
@
>. _mjpp dîe ĞĞởở s`
_mj 4?. ej ijelcr Amòel oôe eỪn
/ˍνrɦ ɒ˘r/
4. oustjkcr scrv`oc B om v omďk sÿo

@ O
?. drneb /drçeb/ ắ Ạk
2.
/ˍawɔiɐt`/
3.
Omảt iƸữel

Déem tmƸ
G G
J
/ˍeɒ˘kɐi`/ tmƸ
7. Omảt i`Ọu
/kɐˍtɦɐr`ɐi/

E
<. Rr
=. ojevce`ceoc stjrc Oừ mèel
mèel t`Ọ
t`Ọee iữ`

/aɐeˍv`˘e`ɐes stɒ
0. smj
/ˍ ɦ ɒ˘i/ sẪk
ƨ
EM
>8. Amòel aẺt eỞ`
ɦsaɐˍecat/
>>. ^uî eÿel
ɐʆvɐˍm`˘t/
P
>4.
/rɦˍs`˘t/
Mÿn ĞƮe
S
>?.
/rɦˍtə˘e/
>2.
Rr
RrỚỚ vỎ/

Dắj mèem
^
vỎ/ trắ
trắ iẮ`
iẮ`

/ˍwɒ˘rɐet`/
>3. MƸ mỊel
/

AÍK
>7. rcs AmỚ` ĞỐel iẮ`
/ˍr`˘stɞ˘t/
><. ảe/ emảe
>=.
P eöt

Ẩ
/ˍdʉte/
>0. c- Ắ` Ğ`Ọe

B
/ˍ`˘ aɔkə˘s/ từ
48. `e- ảt
ɦe ˍstɒ iốe
 4>. ijw- Omảt iƸ
Ęởel elm`Ọp
/ˍaɔi`˘ɮ/

D- C]XTC__@JE_
C]XTC__@JE_ & JRMCT _RTSORSTC
_RTSORSTC_
_
42. je snic Ęỏ dîe

I
43. Ẻe
47. ojji bjwe Déem tĠem
4<.
4<. Ớ omẺ
omẺ ĞỐ dắj
dắj mèem
mèem

@
4=. gjr grcc K`ể
40. rue jut jg MẺt sẮom

@. I@_RCE@EL
Xnrt >6 Ojkpictc
Ojkpictc tmc ejtcs dcijw. \r`tc jeiy JEC \JTB gjr cnom
cnom neswcr
O
GG@
_urvcy tjp`o6 Kce‐s neb wjkce‐s smjpp`el (>)ZZZZZZZ.
\jkce6 Kce6
- Bje‐t nii
niijontc
jontc kuom kj
kjecy
ecy tj cxpces`
cxpces`vc vc smjcs. - Rry tj
tj put kjecy ns`bc dy duy`
duy`el
el (4)Z
(4)ZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZ

J
- Dc `et
`etcrcstcb
crcstcb `e smj
smjpp`el
pp`el ``ee ojsti
ojstiyy jr (?)ZZ
(?)ZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZ jggcrs.
djut`qucs. - Bje‐t duy omcnp
omcnp gjjb nt ttmc
mc (2)ZZZZZ
(2)ZZZZZZZ.
ZZ.
- Niwnys kna
knacc n (3)ZZZZZZZ wmce smj smjpp`el.
pp`el.
- Cefjy smjpp
smjpp`el
`el `e d`l bcpnr
bcpnrtkcet
tkcet stj
stjrcs.
rcs. - Bje‐t i`ac
i`ac tj duy tm`els `e d`l bcp
bcpnrtkcet
nrtkcet st
stjrcs.
jrcs.

E
Xnrt 46 Pju w`ii mcnr twj smjpp`el cxpcrts tnia`el ndjut sjkc gnkjus smjps grjk nrjueb tmc

ƨ
wjrib. Omjjsc
Omjjsc tmc
tmc ojrrcot
ojrrcot icttcr, N, D, O jr B gjr cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el
gjiijw`el scetceocs.
scetceocs.
GNKJS_ _MJX_ NTJSEB RMC \JTIB

M
^ucst
^u `je 76 ZZZZZZZZ `s tmc pcrsje wmj `s lj`el tj tnia ndjut
cst`je ndj ut Knoy‐s _mjp.
N. Knstcrs D. Knrtn Fnkcs O. Fjme B. Knb`sje
^ucst`je <6 Rmcrc nrc jvcr ZZZZZZZZ Knoy‐s stjrcs
stjrcs nii jvcr tmc Se`tcb _tntc
_tntcss
N. 3=8 D. =38 O. <38 B. >=3

E
^ucst`je =6 Tjwineb Knoy jpcecb m`s g`rst smjps `e tmc tjwe jg Mnvcrm`ii `e Knssnomusctts dctwcce

P
>=2? neb
neb ZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZ .
N. >3=3 D. >=38 O. >=33 B. >=3=

S
^ucst`je 06 Tjwineb Knoy jpcecb m`s g`rst Ecw Pjra stjrc je ZZZZZZZZ jg Jotjdcr >=3=.
N. >=tm D. =tm O. >0tm B. >7tm
^ucst`je >86 Knoy‐s `s cspco`niiy gnkjus gjr `ts
`ts ZZZZZZZZ pnrnbc, wm`om knras tmc dcl`ee`el jg tmc

^
Omr`stkns scnsje.
N. Omr`stkns Bny D. Cnstcr Bny O. Rmneasl`v`el Bny B. Kn
Knyy Bny
Bny

K
@@. XTJESE
XTJESEO@N O@NR@J
R@JE E
Xnrt ?6 Xmject`os

Í
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc uebcri`ecb pnrt
b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`j
^uc st`je >>6 N. pinocs
e >>6 D. stjrcs O. styics B. oijtmcs
^ucst`j
^uc e >46 N. oijtm
st`je D. smjp O. pmjec B. sjivc

A
^ucst`j
^uc e >?6 N. mnvc
st`je D. ornsm O. tmnea B. knii

P
^ucst`j
^uc e >26 N. omcnp
st`je D. icnvc O. tmrcnt B. tcnom
^ucst`j
^uc e >36 N. tmr`gt
st`je D. tmrjulm O. tmjulmt B. tmjulm

Ẩ
Xnrt 26 _trcss

B
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs grjk tmc
jtmcr tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes
^ucst`j
^uc e >76 N. ue`quc
st`je D. gr`cebiy O. pjss`dic B. pji`tc
^ucst`j
^uc e ><6 N. jpce
st`je D. rcoc`vc O. bcsor`dc B. prjv`bc
^ucst`j
^uc e >=6 N. pnoanlc
st`je D. kjbci O. rcpn`r B. scrv`oc
^ucst`j
^uc e >06 N. oustjkcr
st`je D. bjoukcet O. wnrrnety B. ojkputcr
^ucst`j
^uc e 486 N. b`ggcrcet
st`je D. cxpces`vc O. gjrtuentc B. jpt`jeni

@@@. IC]@OJ-LTNKKNT
Xnrt 36 Kuit`pic omj`oc6
omj`oc6 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smc
smcct
ct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot
 I
neswcr tj cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`je 4>6 @ nk `etcrcstcb `e smjpp`el nt ZZZZZZZ stjrcs. Nitmjulm oijt
oijtmcs
mcs tmcrc nrc ejt ecw, tmcy
nrc omcnp neb ue`quc.
N. sjuvce`r D. tmr`gt O. ijoni B. quni`ty
^ucst`je 446 _WK `s n kuit`e
N. oust
oustjkc
jkcrr scrv
scrv`oc
`oc
kuit`ent`j
nt`jeni
eni ojrpjrn
ojrpjrnt`je,
D. spco`ni jggcr
t`je, wm`om `s aejwe gjr tmc`r gr`cebiy
O. wmjic snic
gr`cebiy neb
neb wcii-
wcii-trn`ec
@
trn`ecbb ZZZZZZZZ
B. prjbuot i`ec
ZZZZZZ.

O
^ucst`je 4?6 @g yjur inptjp mns ney prjdicks, jur stjrc w`ii g`x `t ZZZZZZZ grcc.

@
N. `e D. nt O. gjr B. je
^ucst`je 426 _mc niwnys pnys kuom ZZZZZZZ tj tmc drnebs wmce smc puromnscs
puromnscs ney prjbuots.
N. nduebneoc D. nvj`bneoc O. nttrnot`je B. nttcet`je

^ucst`je 436 One yju wnvcDjvcr

N. nss`stnet n snics ZZZZZZZ: @Omnvc
. nss`stneoc n qucst`je ndjut tm`sBwnrkojnt
. nss`st . nss`st`el.
^ucst`je 476 @ rcoc`vcb tmc knom`ec ycstcrbny. ZZZZZZZ, `t wns drjace.
N. Gjrtuentc D. Gjrtuentciy O. Segjrtuentc
^ucst`je 4<6 ZZZZZZZ tmcy tjja tmc`r inptjps tj tmc smjp, tmcy nsacb
N. \mce D. @g O. _`eoc J G G B. Segjrtuentciy
n sacb gjr tmc`r rcoc`pts.
B. Dconusc

E
^ucst`je 4=6 Mcr inptjp‐s
inptjp‐s dnttcr
dnttcryy jgtce ZZZZZZZ omnomnrlc
rlc qu`oaiy wm wmcece smc surgs tmc @etcre
@etcrect.
ct.
N. ojkcs jut jg D. rues jut jg O. ljcs
ljcs ju
jutt jg B. lcts
lcts jut jg

ƨ
^ucst`je 406 N ent
ent`je
`jeni
ni ZZZZ
ZZZZZZZ
ZZZ mnmnss dcce sc
sctt up gjr stu
stubcet
bcetss tj oni
oniii wmce ttmcy
mcy ec
eccb
cb mci
mcipp bur`
bur`el
el tmc
tmc`r
`r
ue`vcrs`ty nppi`ont`je prjocss.
N. knract D. mjti`ec O. oinss B. ojursc

D. orcb`t O. rcoc`vcr
M
^ucst`je ?86 @ mnb tj pny gjr tmc pmjec rcpn`r dconusc @ mnb ijst ky ZZZZZZZ onrb dcgjrc.
N. rcoc`pt B. wnrrnety

E
^ucst`je ?>6 \mce tmc pmjec ZZZZZZZ, @ tr`cb rcstnrt`el `t, dut `t b`be‐t wjra.
N. cebcb D. sw`tomcb O. jpcrntcb B. ornsmcb

up, neb sj je. Gnsm

^ucst`je ?46 Gnsm`je
`je `s n ZZZZ
ZZZZZZZ
ZZZ tmn
tmntt `s
`s pjpu
pjpuinr
inr nt ppnrt
nrt`ou
`ouinr
inr t`kc,
t`kc, cspco`
cspco`nii
niiyy `e ooijt
ijtmcs,
mcs, mn`
mn`r,
r, kna
knac- c-
N. wny
^ucst`je ??6 Pju smjuib
N. rcpn`r
D. gjrk
smjuib ZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZ
D. b`sojeecot
S
ZZ tmc dr
P
drjace
jace k
knom`
O. styic
nom`ec
ec grjk tmc cic
O. sw`tom
cicotr
otr`o`
`o`ty
B. kctmjb
ty supp
suppiyiy `g yju wn
B. rcstnrt
wnetet tj g`
g`xx `t.

^
^ucst`je ?26 Rmnem `s ZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZ nt Celi`
Celi`sm
sm tmne Eljo
Eljo..
N. ljjb D. wcii O. dcttcr B. dcst
^ucst`je ?36 Ky ourcet sninry `s ZZZZZZZ yjurs.
N. m`lm D. kjrc m`lm O. m`lmcr tmne B. kjrc m`lmcr tmne
^ucst`je ?76 Pjur drno
drnocic
K
cictt `s ZZZ
ZZZZZZZ
ZZZZ ttmnt
mnt je
jec.
c.

Í
N. kjrc vniundic tmne D. kjrc vniundic O. vniundic tmne B. vniundicr tmne
^ucst`je ?<6 Buel `s ZZZZZZZ st stubcet
ubcet `e ky oinss.

A
N. dcttcr D. dcst O. tmc dcttcr B. tmc dcst
^ucst`je ?=6 Jg tmc tmrcc cxcro`scs, tm`s jec `s ZZZZZZZ.
N. tmc cnsy D. tmc cns`cr tmne O. tmc cns`cst B. cns`cst
^ucst`je
^ucst ?066 _mjpp`e
`je ?0 _mjpp`ell jei`ec `s ZZZZZZZ jtmcr a`ebs jg smjpp`e
smjpp`el.
l.

P
N. ojevce`cet D. kjrc ojevce`cet tmne O. ojevce`cet tmne B. tmc ojevce`cet

Ẩ
^ucst`je 286 Ojkkcro`ni ocetcrs nrc ZZZZZZZ tmcy uscb tj dc.
N. tmc kjst pjpuinr D. kjrc pjpuinr tmne O. ns pjpuinr tmne B. kjst pjpuinr ns

B
Xnrt 76 _yejeyk
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el tj
tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`je 2>6 Rmc jpcrnt`el systck jg ky inptjp ornsmcb neb @ ijst nii ky g`ics.
N. gn`icb D. wjracb O. `estniicb B. omnrlcb
^ucst`je 246 Mc tmrcw nwny sjkc vniundic tm`els s`eoc mc tmjulmt tmcy nrc trnsm.

N. pnoanlc D. sorcce O. rudd`sm B. busd`e

Xnrt <6 Netjeyk

I
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC `e kcne`el
tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`je 2?6 Kjst jg tmc iuxury drnebs usc quni`ty kntcr`nis gjr tmc`r prjbuots.
N. smnrp D. mnrb O. ljjb B. dnb
^ucst`je 226 Ecvcr duy tm`els yju bje‐t eccb fust
N. rcbuoc `e pr`oc D. `eorcnsc `e pr`oc
fus t dconusc tmcy nrc
nrc j
O. bjudic `e pr`oc
je snic.
e snic
B. mnivc `e pr`oc
@
O
Xnrt =6 Crrjr @bcet`g`ont`je
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs
ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`je 236 Nt wcc
N
wccaceb
acebs,
s, W`e
W`eojk
ojk XiXinzn
nzn dc
dcojk
ojkcs
D
cs tmc kj
kjrc
O
rc orj
orjwbcb
wbcb ppino
G @
inocc `e tmc o`ty.
B
o`ty.

^ucst`je 276 Rwj wccas

wccas nlj @ mnvc
mnvc pur
puromns
omnscbcb n drne
drnebb ecw kjd`
kjd`icic pmj
pmjec
ec grj
grjkk yju
yjurr smjp
smjp..
N D O B
^ucst`je 2<6 Rmc stjrc
stjrc nss`
nss`stn
stnets
ets nrc suo
suomm gr`
gr`cebi
cebiyy neb wci
wcii-t
i-trn`e
rn`ecb
cb tmnt
tmnt cvcr
cvcryje
yjecc i`ac
i`acss tj smjp mc
mcrc.
rc.

JG
N D O B
@W. TCNB@EL

E
Xnrt 06 Oijzc tcst
Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc

ƨ
ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas
Rmc wmjic smjpp`el nrcn `e W`eojk Kcln Knii Tjyni O`ty Rmnem ]une `s mulc, (2=)ZZZZZZZ yju
mnvc ojueticss omj`ocs. Spje cetcr`el tmc W`eojk Kcln Knii Tjyni O`ty Rmnem ]une, yju w`ii mnvc

M
tmc jppjrtue`ty tj puromnsc gure`turc, cicotrje`os neb mjkc (20)ZZZZZZZ je tmc g`rst gijjr.
@g yju nrc n gnsm`je-ijvcr jr (38)ZZZZZZZ, fust lj upstn`rs tj mnvc n ijja nt ttmjsc
mjsc ojskct`os, smjcs

E
neb fcwciry grjk tmc ``etcrent`jeniiy-gnkjus
etcrent`jeniiy-gnkjus drnebs suom ns MM&K,
&K, Nb`bns, Ojevcrsc, Inojstc, Vnrn neb
sj je. W`eknrt, tmc sknii supcrknract (3>)ZZZZZZZ tj W`elrjup, `s nisj ijontcb r`lmt tmcrc, jggcr`el
yju cvcrytm`el yju kny eccb, cns`iy noqu`rcb dy onrb jr onsm.
Nii tmnt smjpp`el one lrjw ne nppct`tc, tmcrcgjrc, g`ii`el (34)ZZZZZZZ yjur stjknom `e tmc
rcstnurnet scot`je
ue`qucngtcrwnrbs cscwjuib
strcct dc n tj
lrcnt `bcn. Rmcecgjjb ojurt, Fnpne,
`s mjkc tj ,tjes
neb jg cnt`el

S P
jpt`jess grjk
jpt`je W
W`ctenk
`ctenkcsc strcct gjjb typ`o
typ`oni
ni ou`s`
ou`s`ec jg Om`en
Om`en, Ajrcn
Ajrcn, Curj
Curjpcne
pcne
ojuetr`cs.

^
^ucst`j
^uc e 2=6 N. s`eoc
st`je D. jr O. dut B. sj
^ucst`j
^uc e 206 N. nppi`neocs
st`je D. nppiy O. nppi`onets B. nppi`ondic
^ucst`j
^uc e 386 N. trcebsctt`el
st`je D. trcebscttcr O. trcebi`ec B. trcebspjtt`el
3>6 N. dcijel`el D. jdfcot`el O. ojetr`dut`el B. nbk`tt`el

K
^ucst`j
^uc st`je
e 3>6
^ucst`j
^uc st`je 346 N. jg
e 346 D. nt O. up B. `e

Í
Xnrt >86 Tcnb`el ojkprcmces`je

A
Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc
ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jesg
_mjpp`el `s n ecocssnry pnrt jg i`gc wm`om vcry gcw pcjpic one nvj`b. _jkc pcjpic lj smjpp`el
kjrc rcluinriy tmne jtmcr pcjpic tj drjwsc prjbuots `e smjps cvce wmce tmcy bj ejt mnvc kuom kjecy.
Rm`s `s aejwe ns w`ebjw smjpp`el neb niijws pcjpic tj pine nmcnb neb snvc gjr tmc tm`els tmcy wnet tj
duy `e tmcwm`ic
guturc jr wn`t gjr tm`ea
tmc `tcks
jg tmctjpr`oc
brjp neb
`e pr`oc. _jkctjpcjpic
spceb spceb n ijt jg t`kc dci`cvc
ijja`el tmnt
gjr

Ẩ P
dnrln`es jtmcrs bj ejt nrc mnppy n ijt. _jkc pcjpic
tmc kjrc cxpces`vc tmc `tck, tmc dcttcr tmc quni`ty, dut tm`s `s ejt niwnys truc. @t `s sces`dic tj duy `tcks

B
wm`om nrc nggjrbndic , dut sjkc pcjpic usc n orcb`t onrb jr djrrjw kjecy grjk tmc dnea sj tmnt tmcy
one duy tmc `tcks tmcy rcniiy wnet rntmcr tmne wn`t gjr `t.
_jkct`kcs smjpp`el one dc strcssgui wmce omjjs`el n l`gt tj duy gjr jtmcr pcjpic gjr n spco`ni
joons`je. @t `s ojkkje tj duy n l`gt vjuomcr sj tmnt n gr`ceb jr ijvcb jec one lj smjpp`el tmckscivcs nt
tmc`r jwe ojevce`ceoc. _mjpp`el jei`ec `s jgtce pjpuinr w`tm pcjpic wmj mnvc n dusy i`gcstyic. Xcjpic
nrc ndic tj jrbcr tmc`r ecocssnry neb iuxury `tcks grjk tmc ojkgjrt jg tmc`r jwe mjkc, jr cvce je tmc

kjvc. Bci`vcry `s usuniiy grcc neb `tcks nrc jgtce omcnpcr tmne `e smjps je tmc m`lm strcct. Rmc jeiy
rcni prjdick `s tmnt tmc `tck bcsor`pt`je neb quni`ty kny dc kjrc b`ggcrcet tmne wmnt tmcy mjpcb gjr.
Rm`s ojuib kcne tmc oustjkcr kny dcojkc b`snppj`etcb w`tm tmc `tck tmcy rcoc`vc neb w`ii eccb tj
rcture `t nt tmc`r jwe ojst. Xcjpic wmj lj tj smjps tj bj tmc`r smjpp`el jgtce usc scig-scrv`oc pnykcet

I
knom`ecs. Rm`s usuniiy snvcs t`kc ns tmc smjppcr bjcs ejt eccb tj fj`e n ijel qucuc. Mjwcvcr, `t one dc
grustrnt`el wmce tmc knom`ec mns n prjdick neb tmc snics nss`stnet `s ejt niwnys nvn`indic tj mcip.
^ucst`je 3?6 \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`el one dc tmc dcst t`tic gjr tmc pnssnlc:

@
N. _mjp
_mjpp`e
p`ell ‟ Mnpp
Mnpp`ec
`ecss
ss neb Neej
Neejyneo
yneocc D. _mjp
_mjpp`e
p`ell ‟ Nii
Nii-oje
-ojesuk
suk`el
`el Xnss
Xnss`je
`je
O. _mjpp`e
_mjpp`ell ‟ N \nst
\nstcc jg Kj
Kjecy
ecy B. _mjpp`
_mjpp`el
el ‟ Gnots nenebb Kcnsurc
Kcnsurcss

O
^ucst`je 326 \mnt bj sjkc pcjpic usuniiy tm`ea ndjut `tcks jg dcttcr quni`ty:

@
N. Rmcy nrc omcnpcr. D. Rmcy nrc mnrbcr
mnrbcr tj g`e
g`eb.
b.
O. Rmcy nnrcrc kjrc cxpces`
cxpces`vc.
vc. B. Rmc
Rmcyy nrc je
je sni
snic.
c.

G
^ucst`je 336 Rmc wjrb ’nggjrbndic‛ `e pnrnlrn
pnrnlrnpm
pm > `s oijscst `e kcne`el tj ZZZZZZ.

G
N. ojstiy D. `ecxpces`vc O. vniundic B. wjrtmicss
^ucst`je 376 Rmc wjrb ’`t‛ `e pnrnlrnpm 4 rcgcrs tj ZZZZZZ.
N. tmc `tck D. tmc oustjkcr O. tmc prjdick B. tmc kjvc
^ucst`je 3<6 \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`els `s ejt RTSC noojrb`el tj pnrnlrnpm 4:
N. Dusy pcjpic jgtce omjjsc smjpp`el jei`ec.
D. Rmc quni`ty jg jei`ec smjpp`el kny dc wjrsce tmne oustjkcrs tmjulmt.
O. @e-stjrc smjpp`el
smjpp`el `s jgtce omcnpcr tmne jei
jei`ec
`ec smjpp`e
smjpp`el.l.
B. @t‐s t`kc-snv`el
t`kc-snv`el gjr oust
oustjkcrs
jkcrs tj smj
smjpp jei
jei`ec.
`ec.
 EJ
W. \T@R@EL
ƨ
M
Xnrt >>6 _cetceoc Rrnesgjrknt`je
Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`el jg tmc l`vce jecs.
^ucst`je 3=6 Mcr d`oyoi
d`oyoicc `se‐
`se‐tt ns omc
omcnp
np ns k`
k`ec.
ec.

E
‡ Ky d`oyoic .......................................................................... ....................................................................
^ucst`je 306 Mcr mjusc `s skniicr tmne yjurs.
‡Pjur mjusc ...............................................................................................................................................
^ucst`je 786 Ejdjby `e jur oinss `s kjrc onrcgui

P
onrc gui tmne Knry.
‡ Knry `s ...........................................................................................................
.................................................... .................................................................................................
^ucst`je 7>6 Fnoa `s tmc dcst gjjtdnii pinycr `e tm`s tcnk.
‡
..........................................

Ejdjby746
`e Ky
tm`s drjtmcr
tcnk ................................
bjcse‐t spcnaspcna Celi`sm ...........................................................................
...................
ns wci
wciii ns ............................................................................
ky s`stcr. ....................

^S
^ucst`je
‡ Ky s`stcr...................................................................................................................................................
^ucst`je 7?6 @‐vc ecvcr kct ney kjrc `etcii`lcet l`ri tmne mcr dcgjrc.
‡ _mc `s .................................................................................................................................................

K
_mc `s tmc kjst `etcii`lcet l`ri @ mnvc cvcr kct.
^ucst`je 726 Ej jec `s ns a`eb-mcnrtcb ns yjur yj ur kjtmcr.
‡ Pjurr kjtmcr `s …...…………………………

Í
…...……………………………………………………
^ucst`je 736 Fnoa b`b ejt spceb ns kuom kjecy ns m`s drjtmcr.
……………………………………………………… ……………………………… …

A
‡ Fnoa‐ drjtmcr …………………………
………………………………………………………
^ucst`je 776 Rm`s cxcro`scs `s ejt ns cnsy ns tmnt jec.
……………………………………………………… …………………………………… …………

P
‡ Rmnt cxcro`sc …………………………
…………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………… …………
^ucst`je 7<6 @t‐s uei`aciy
uei`aciy tmnt tmcy w`ii bj tmc smjpp`e smjpp`ell tjkjrrjw
‡ Rmcy prjdndiy…………………………...………
prjdndiy…………………………...………………………………… ……………………………………………………… ……………………………

Xnrt >46 \r`t`el ne cssny

BẨ
^ucst`je 7=6 Ejwnbnys jei`ec smjpp`el mns dcojkc kjrc pjpuinr tmne `e-stjrc smjpp`el. @s `t n
pjs`t`vc jr eclnt`vc bcvcijpkcet:
\r`tcc ne css
\r`t cssny
ny jg >>=8
=8 w
wjr
jrbs
bs ttjj l`
l`vc
vc rc
rcns
nsje
jess gj
gjrr yjur
yjur nesw
neswcr
cr neb
neb `eoi
`eoiub
ubcc ney
ney rc
rcic
icvn
vnet
et cxnk
cxnkpi
pics
cs gr
grjk
jk
yjurr jw
yju jwee aej
aejwi
wicbl
cblcc jr cx
cxpcr
pcr`c
`ceoc
eoc..

W@. _XCNA@EL

Xnrt >?6 Neswcr tmc qucst`jes

^ucst`je 706 Bj yju cefjy smjpp`el:
^ucst`je <86 Mjw jgtce bj yju lj smjpp`el:
^ucst`je <>6 \mcrc bj yju usuniiy smjp:
^ucst`je <46 Bj yju i`ac jei`ec smjpp`el:
^ucst`je <?6 @s smjpp`el n pjpuinr not`v`ty `e yjur ojuetry:

@ I
^ucst`je <26 \mnt typcs jg smjps bj tccenlcrs
tccenlcrs i`ac dcst `e yjur ojuetry:
Xnrt >26 Knac n prcscetnt`je ndjut n tjp`o
^ucst`je <36 Bcsor`dc tmc kjst gnvjr`tc `tck tmnt yju mnvc djulmt.

@ O
G G
J
ƨE
M
E
 P
S
K ^
Í
A
P
Ẩ
B
SE@R ?6 _MJXX@EL

N- WJONDS
WJONDSINT
INTP
P

I
>. tmr`gt stjrc _mjpp dîe ĞĞởở s`
_mj /rɦˍs`˘t/
/ˍνrɦ ɒ˘r/ >?. Rr
RrỚỚ vỎ/
vỎ/ trắ
trắ iẮ`
iẮ`
4. oustjkcr scrv`oc B om v omďk sÿo /rɦˍtə˘e/
>2. Dắj mèem

@
?. drneb /drçeb/ ắ Ạk /ˍwɒ˘rɐet`/

O
2. Omảt iƸữel >3. orn MƸ mỊel

@
/ˍawɔiɐt`/ /

G
3. Déem tmƸ >7. AmỚ` ĞỐel iẮ`
/ˍeɒ˘kɐi`/ tmƸ /ˍr`˘stɞ˘t/

G
7. Omảt i`Ọu ><. ảe/ emảe
/kɐˍtɦɐr`ɐi/ >=. eöt

J
<. Rr /ˍdʉte/
=. ojevce`ceoc stjrc Oừ mèel
mèel t`Ọ
t`Ọee iữ` >0. c- Ắ` Ğ`Ọe
/ˍ`˘ aɔkə˘s/ từ

E
/aɐeˍv`˘e`ɐes stɒ 48. `e-stjrc ảt
0. ɦe ˍstɒ iốe
/ˍ ɦ ɒ˘i/ sẪk 4>. ijw- Omảt iƸ

Mƨ
>8. b`s Amòel aẺt eỞ` Ęởel elm`Ọp
ɦsaɐˍecat/ /ˍaɔi`˘
>>. ^uî eÿel 4?. ej ijelcr Amòel oôe eỪn

E
ɐʆvɐˍm`˘t/

P
>4. rcoc`pt (e) Mÿn ĞƮe

S
D- C]XTC__@JE_
C]XTC__@JE_ & JRMCT _RTSORSTC
_RTSORSTC_
_
42. je snic Ęỏ dîe

^
43. tcet`je tj Ẻe
47. ojji bjwe Déem tĠem
4<.
4<. Ớ omẺ
omẺ ĞỐ dắj
dắj mèem
mèem
4=. gjr grcc K`ể
40. rue jut jg MẺt sẮom
@. I@_RCE@EL
ÍK
A
Xnrt >6 Ojkpictc
Ojkpictc tmc ejtcs dcijw. \r`tc jeiy JEC \JTB gjr cnom
cnom neswcr
_urvcy tjp`o6 Kce‐s neb wjkce‐s smjpp`el (>)ZZZZZZZ.

P
\jkce6 Kce6
- Bje‐t nii
niijontc
jontc kuom kj
kjecy
ecy tj cxpces`
cxpces`vc vc smjcs. - Rry tj
tj put kjecy ns`bc dy duy`
duy`el
el (4)Z
(4)ZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZ
- Dc `et
`etcrcstcb
crcstcb `e smj
smjpp`el
pp`el ``ee ojsti
ojstiyy jr (?)ZZ
(?)ZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZ jggcrs.

Ẩ
djut`qucs.
- Niwnys kna
knacc n (3)ZZZZZZZ wmce smj smjpp`el.
pp`el.
- Bje‐t duy omcnp
omcnp gjjb nt ttmc
mc (2)ZZZZZ
(2)ZZZZZZZ.
ZZ.

B
- Cefjy smjpp
smjpp`el
`el `e d`l bcpnr
bcpnrtkcet
tkcet stj
stjrcs.
rcs. - Bje‐t i`ac
i`ac tj duy tm`els `e d`l bcp
bcpnrtkcet
nrtkcet st
stjrcs.
jrcs.

Neswcrs6

>. mnd`ts 4. spco`ni ?. cxoius`vc 2. supcrknract 3. i`st

_or`pt6

Mciij. Ljjb tj scc yju nii mcrc. Rm`s ngtcrejje @‐k lj`el tj tnia ndjut n rcocet survcy `etj
kce‐s neb wjkce‐s smjpp`el mnd`ts. Dcgjrc @ stnrt, @‐b i`ac yju tj ijja nt tmc i`st jg stntckcets ndjut
kce neb wjkce neb scc wm`om jecs yju wjuib cxpcot tj dc truc ... T`lmt: G`rstiy, ict‐s ijja nt tmc `bcn

I
tmnt wjkce spceb n ijt jg kjecy je cxpces`vc smjcs. Notuniiy, tm`s `se‐t truc. @e gnot, wjkce duy n ijt
jg omcnp smjcs.
Kce, je tmc jtmcr mneb, try tj snvc kjecy dy duy`el spco`ni jggcrs. \mnt `s surpr`s`el ndjut
wjkce, tmjulm, `s tmnt tmcy i`ac smjpp`el `e cxpces`vc jr cxoius`vc djut`qucs. Neb, `t ``se‐t
se‐t truc tmnt
tmcy niwnys knac n smjpp`el i`st wmce tmcy lj tj tmc supcrknract. \c‐rc nisj cxpcotcb tj g`eb tmnt
kce wjuib lj tj tmc supcrknract ngtcr k`be`lmt tj lct tmc`r gjjb omcnpcr, dut tm`s wnse‐t tmc onsc,
c`tmcr. Rmce tmc tm`rb tm`el wc icnret ndjut wjkce `s tmnt tmcy i`ac tj smjp `e d`l bcpnrtkcet stjrcs,

@ O @
wm`om kce bje‐t i`ac.
Rmcy i`ac tj lj smjpp`el `e spco`ni`st smjps. JA: Mjw kney b`b yju lct r`lmt:

Omjjsc tmc
tmc ojrrcot
ojrrcot icttcr, N, D, O jr B gjr cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el
G
gjiijw`el scetceocs.
scetceocs.G
Xnrt 46 Pju w`ii mcnr twj smjpp`el cxpcrts tnia`el ndjut sjkc gnkjus smjps grjk nrjueb tmc
wjrib. Omjjsc

J
GNKJS_ _MJX_ NTJSEB RMC \JTIB
^ucst
^u `je 76 ZZZZZZZZ `s tmc pcrsje wmj `s lj`el tj tnia ndjut
cst`je ndj ut Knoy‐s _mjp.
N. Knstcrs D. Knrtn Fnkcs O. Fjme B. Knb`sje
^ucst`je <6 Rmcrc nrc jvcr ZZZZZZZZ Knoy‐s stjrcs
stjrcs nii jvcr tmc Se`tcb _tntc
_tntcss

E
N. 3=8 D. =38 O. <38 B. >=3
^ucst`je =6 Tjwineb Knoy jpcecb m`s g`rst smjps `e tmc tjwe jg Mnvcrm`ii `e Knssnomusctts dctwcce

ƨ
>=2? neb
neb ZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZ .
N. >3=3 D. >=38 O. >=33 B. >=3=
^ucst`je 06 Tjwineb Knoy jpcecb m`s g`rst Ecw Pjra stjrc je ZZZZZZZZ jg Jotjdcr >=3=.
N. >=tm D. =tm O. >0tm B. >7tm

M
^ucst`je >86 Knoy‐s `s cspco`niiy gnkjus gjr `ts
`ts ZZZZZZZZ pnrnbc, wm`om knras tmc dcl`ee`el jg tmc

E
Omr`stkns scnsje.
N. Omr`stkns Bny D. Cnstcr Bny O. Rmneasl`v`el Bny B. Kn
Knyy Bny
Bny

Neswcrs6
7. B <. D =. O
P 0. N >8. O

_or`pt6
S
^
Ljjb kjre`el. @‐k Fjme Knstcrs, neb tm`s `s _mjppcr, tmc wccaiy smjw je rctn`i neb smjpp`el.
Intcr `e tjbny‐s smjw, wc‐ii dc tnia`el tj jei`ec smjpp`el cxpcrt, Knrtn Fnkcs. Dut dcgjrc tmnt, wc‐rc
tnia`el ndjut sjkc gnkjus smjps grjk nrjueb tmc wjrib. Neb i`vc grjk Ecw Pjra O`ty, wc‐vc ljt
Knb`sje, wmj's lj`el tj tcii us nii ndjut Knoy‐s.
M` Fjme, wcii, jec jg tmc kjst gnkjus bcpnrtkcet stjrcs `e Ecw Pjra O`ty `s Knoy‐s. Rmcrc nrc

jvcr nrjueb
fust =38 Knoy‐s stjrcs nii
tmc ojrecr grjkjvcr
tmctmcCkp`rc
Se`tcb_tntc
_tntcs.Du`ib`el.
Dut tmc ginlsm`p stjrc `sTjwineb
@etcrcst`eliy, `e McrnibKnoy,
_qunrctmcKnemnttne,
ojkpney

AÍK
gjuebcr, jpcecb m`s g`rst smjps `e tmc tjwe jg Mnvcrm`ii `e Knssnomusctts dctwcce >=2? neb >=33, dut
tmcy wcrce‐t suoocssgui. Mjwcvcr, Knoy icnrecb grjk m`s k`stnacs neb `e >=3= mc kjvcb tj Ecw Pjra.
Mc jpcecb m`s g`rst Ecw Pjra stjrc je >=tm jg Jotjdcr >=3= neb wns `kkcb`ntciy suoocssgui. Rmc

P
Mcrnib _qunrc stjrc wns jpcecb `e >084. Knoy‐s `s cspco`niiy gnkjus gjr `ts Rmneasl`v`el Bny pnrnbc,
wm`om knras tmc dcl`ee`
dcl`ee`el
el jg tmc Omr`stkns scnsje

Ẩ
@@. XTJESE
XTJESEO@NO@NR@J
Xnrt ?6 Xmject`os
R@JEE

Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc uebcri`ecb pnrt
 B
b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`j
^uc st`je
^ucst`j
^uc
>>6 N. pinocs
e >>6
e >46 N. oijtm
st`je
D. stjrcs
D. smjp
O. styics
O. pmjec
B. oijtmcs
B. sjivc
^ucst`j
^uc e >?6 N. mnvc
st`je D. ornsm O. tmnea B. knii
^ucst`j
^uc e >26 N. omcnp
st`je D. icnvc O. tmrcnt B. tcnom

^ucst`j
^uc e >36 N. tmr`gt
st`je D. tmrjulm O. tmjulmt B. tmjulm

Neswcrs6 >>. N >4. D >?. B >2. O >3. B

Xnrt 26 _trcss
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs grjk tmc
I
@
jtmcr tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes
^ucst`j
^uc e >76 N. ue`quc
st`je D. gr`cebiy O. pjss`dic B. pji`tc
^ucst`j
^uc e ><6 N. jpce
st`je D. rcoc`vc O. bcsor`dc B. prjv`bc
^ucst`j
^uc e >=6 N. pnoanlc
st`je D. kjbci O. rcpn`r B. scrv`oc
^ucst`j
^uc e >06 N. oustjkcr
st`je D. bjoukcet O. wnrrnety B. ojkputcr
^ucst`j
^uc e 486 N. b`ggcrcet
st`je D. cxpces`vc O. gjrtuentc B. jpt
jpt`j
`jen
enii
Neswcrs6 >7. B ><. N >=. O >0. B

G G @ O
48. D

J
@@@. IC]@OJ-LTNKKNT
Xnrt 36 Kuit`pic omj`oc6
omj`oc6 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smc smcct
ct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot
neswcr tj cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`je 4>6 @ nk `etcrcstcb `e smjpp`el nt ZZZZZZZ stjrcs. Nitmjulm oijt
oijtmcs
mcs tmcrc nrc ejt ecw, tmcy

E
nrc omcnp neb ue`quc.
N. sjuvce`r D. tmr`gt O. ijoni B. quni`ty

ƨ
^ucst`je 446 _WK `s n kuit`e
kuit`ent`j
nt`jeni
eni ojrpjrn
ojrpjrnt`je,
t`je, wm`om `s aejwe gjr tmc`r gr`cebiy
gr`cebiy neb
neb wcii-
wcii-trn`ec
trn`ecbb ZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZ.
N. oust
oustjkc
jkcrr scrv
scrv`oc
`oc D. spco`ni jggcr O. wmjic snic B. prjbuot i`ec
^ucst`je 4?6 @g yjur inptjp mns ney prjdicks, jur stjrc w`ii g`x `t ZZZZZZZ grcc.
N. `e D. nt O. gjr B. je
^ucst`je 426 _mc niwnys pnys kuom ZZZZZZZ tj tmc drnebs wmce smc puromnscs puromnscs ney prjbuots.
N. nduebneoc D. nvj`bneoc O. nttrnot`je B. nttcet`je

E M
^ucst`je 436 One yju wnvc jvcr n snics ZZZZZZZ: @ mnvc n qucst`je ndjut tm`s wnrkojnt .
N. nss`stnet D. nss`stneoc O. nss`st B. nss`st`el

D. Gjrtuentciy
P
^ucst`je 476 @ rcoc`vcb tmc knom`ec ycstcrbny. ZZZZZZZ, `t wns drjace.
N. Gjrtuentc O. Segjrtuentc B. Segjrtuentciy

S
^ucst`je 4<6 ZZZZZZZ tmcy tjja tmc`r inptjps tj tmc smjp, tmcy nsacb n sacb gjr tmc`r rcoc`pts.
N. \mce D. @g O. _`eoc B. Dconusc

^
^ucst`je 4=6 Mcr inptjp‐s
inptjp‐s dnttcr
dnttcryy jgtce ZZZZZZZ omn omnrlc
rlc qu`oaiy wm wmcece smc surgs tmc @etcre
@etcrect.
ct.
N. ojkcs jut jg D. rues jut jg O. ljcs
ljcs ju
jutt jg B. lcts
lcts jut jg
^ucst`je 406 N entent`je
`jeni
ni ZZZZ
ZZZZZZZ
ZZZ mnmnss dcce scsctt up gjr stu
stubcet
bcetss tj oni
oniii wmce ttmcy
mcy ececcb
cb mci
mcipp bur`
bur`el
el tmc
tmc`r`r
ue`vcrs`ty nppi`ont`je prjocss.
N. knract

K
D. mjti`ec O. oinss
^ucst`je ?86 @ mnb tj pny gjr tmc pmjec rcpn`r dconusc @ mnb ijst ky ZZZZZZZ onrb dcgjrc.
N. rcoc`pt D. orcb`t O. rcoc`vcr
^ucst`je ?>6 \mce tmc pmjec ZZZZZZZ, @ tr`cb rcstnrt`el `t, dut `t b`be‐t wjra.
B. ojursc

B. wnrrnety

N. cebcb D. sw`tomcb O. jpcrntcb B. ornsmcb

A Í
^ucst`je ?46 Gnsm
Gnsm`je
`je `s n ZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZ tmn
tmntt `s
`s pjpu
pjpuinr
inr nt ppnrt
nrt`ou
`ouinr
inr t`kc,
t`kc, cspco`
cspco`nii
niiyy `e ooijt
ijtmcs,
mcs, mn`
mn`r,
r, kna
knac- c-

P
up, neb sj je.
N. wny D. gjrk O. styic B. kctmjb

Ẩ
^ucst`je ??6 Pju smjuib
smjuib ZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZ ZZ tmc dr
drjace
jace k knom`
nom`ec
ec grjk tmc ciccicotr
otr`o`
`o`ty
ty supp
suppiyiy `g yju wn
wnet
et tj g`g`xx `t.
N. rcpn`r D. b`sojeecot O. sw`tom B. rcstnrt
^ucst`je ?26 Rmnem `s ZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZ nt Celi`
Celi`sm sm tmne Eljo
Eljo..

B N. ljjb D. wcii
^ucst`je ?36 Ky ourcet sninry `s ZZZZZZZ yjurs.
N. m`lm D. kjrc m`lm
^ucst`je ?76 Pjur drnocict `s ZZZZZZZ tmnt jec.
O. dcttcr

O. m`lmcr tmne
B. dcst

B. kjrc m`lmcr tmne

N. kjrc vniundic tmne D. kjrc vniundic O. vniundic tmne B. vniundicr tmne

^ucst`je ?<6 Buel `s ZZZZZZZ st stubcet
ubcet `e ky oinss.

N. dcttcr D. dcst O. tmc dcttcr B. tmc dcst

^ucst`je ?=6 Jg tmc tmrcc cxcro`scs, tm`s jec `s ZZZZZZZ.
N. tmc cnsy D. tmc cns`cr tmne O. tmc cns`cst B. cns`cst

I
^ucst
^ucst`je ?066 _mjpp`e
`je ?0 _mjpp`ell jei`ec `s ZZZZZZZ jtmcr a`ebs jg smjpp`e
smjpp`el.l.
N. ojevce`cet D. kjrc ojevce`cet tmne O. ojevce`cet tmne B. tmc ojevce`cet
^ucst`je 286 Ojkkcro`ni ocetcrs nrc ZZZZZZZ tmcy uscb tj dc.
N. tmc kjst pjpuinr D. kjrc pjpuinr tmne O. ns pjpuin
pjpuinrr tmn
tmnee B. kjst
kjst pjp
pjpuin
uinrr ns

Neswcrs6
@
O
4>. D 44. N 4?. O 42. B 43. N

@
47. B 4<. N 4=. D 40. D ?8. B
?>. B ?4. O ??. D ?2. O ?3. O
?7. N ?<. B ?=. O ?0. D 28. D

G G
Xnrt 76 _yejeyk

J
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el tj
tmc uebcri`ecb
uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
qucst`jes.
^ucst`je 2>6 Rmc jpcrnt`el systck jg ky inptjp ornsmcb neb @ ijst nii ky g`ics.
N. gn`icb D. wjracb O. `estniicb B. omnrlcb

E
^ucst`je 246 Mc tmrcw nwny sjkc vniundic tm`els s`eoc mc tmjulmt tmcy nrc trnsm.
N. pnoanlc D. sorcce O. rudd`sm B. busd`e

Neswcrs6 2>. N 22. O

ƨ
Xnrt <6 Netjeyk

M
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC `e kcne`el
tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`je 2?6 Kjst jg tmc iuxury drnebs usc quni`ty kntcr`nis gjr tmc`r prjbuots.
N. smnrp D. mnrb O. ljjb B. dnb

P E
^ucst`je 226 Ecvcr duy tm`els yju bje‐t eccb fust
fus t dconusc tmcy nrc
nrc jje snic.
e snic
N. rcbuoc `e pr`oc D. `eorcnsc `e pr`oc O. bjudic `e pr`oc B. mnivc `e pr`oc

Neswcrs6 2?. B 22. N

S
Xnrt =6
=6 Crrjr @bcet`g`ont`je
@bcet`g`ont`je
^
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs

K
ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`je 236 Nt wcc
wccaceb
acebs,
s, W`e
W`eojk
ojk XiXinzn
nzn dc
dcojk
ojkcscs tmc kj
kjrc
rc orj
orjwbcb
wbcb ppino
inocc `e tmc o`ty.
o`ty.

Í
N D O B
^ucst`je 276 Rwj wccas
wccas nlj @ mnvc
mnvc pur
puromns
omnscbcb n drne
drnebb ecw kjd`
kjd`icic pmj
pmjec
ec grj
grjkk yju
yjurr smjp
smjp..
N D O B
^ucst`je 2<6 Rmc stjrc
stjrc nss`
nss`stn
stnets
ets nrc suo
suomm gr`
gr`cebi
cebiyy neb wci
wcii-t
i-trn`e
rn`ecb
cb tmnt
tmnt cvcr
cvcryje
yjecc i`ac
i`acss tj smjp mc
mcrc.
rc.
N D O B
Neswcrs6 23. O 27. D 2<. D

Ẩ P A
@W. TCNB@EL
Xnrt 06 Oijzc tcst

B
Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el
gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra
knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`o
`eb`ontc
ntc tmc
ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas
Rmc wmjic smjpp`el nrcn `e W`eojk Kcln Knii Tjyni O`ty Rmnem ]une `s mulc, (2=)ZZZZZZZ yju
mnvc ojueticss omj`ocs. Spje cetcr`el tmc W`eojk Kcln Knii Tjyni O`ty Rmnem ]une, yju w`ii mnvc
tmc jppjrtue`ty tj puromnsc gure`turc, cicotrje`os neb mjkc (20)ZZZZZZZ je tmc g`rst gijjr.
@g yju nrc n gnsm`je-ijvcr jr (38)ZZZZZZZ, fust lj upstn`rs tj mnvc n ijja nt ttmjsc
mjsc ojskct`os, smjcs
neb fcwciry
fcwciry grjk tmc `etcre
`etcrent`jen
nt`jeniiy-gnk
iiy-gnkjus
jus drnebs suom ns M&K, Nb`bns, OjeOjevcrsc,
vcrsc, Inojstc
Inojstc,, Vnrn neb

sj
yjuje. W`eknrt,yju
cvcrytm`el tmckny
sknii supcrkn
supcrknract
eccb, cns`iyract (3>)ZZZZZ
(3>)ZZZZZZZ
noqu`rcb ZZ tj
dy onrb jr W`elrjup,
onsm. `s nisj ijontcb r`lmt tmcrc, jggcr`el
jggcr`el
Nii tmnt smjpp`el one lrjw ne nppct`tc, tmcrcgjrc, g`ii`el (34)ZZZZZZZ yjur stjknom `e tmc

I
rcstnurnet scot`je ngtcrwnrbs wjuib dc n lrcnt `bcn. Rmc gjjb ojurt `s mjkc tj tjes jg cnt`el
jpt`jess grjk ue`quc W
jpt`je W`ctenk
`ctenkcsc
csc strcct
strcct gjjb tj typ`o
typ`oni
ni ou`s`
ou`s`ec
ec jg Om`en
Om`en,, Fnpne, Ajrcn
Ajrcn,, neb Curj
Curjpcne
pcne
ojuetr`cs.
e 2=6 N. s`eoc D. jr O. dut B. sj

@
^ucst`j
^uc st`je
^ucst`j
^uc e 206 N. nppi`neocs
st`je D. nppiy O. nppi`onets B. nppi`ondic
^ucst`j
^uc e 386 N. trcebsctt`el
st`je D. trcebscttcr O. trcebi`ec B. trcebspjtt`el
^ucst`j
^uc st`je 3>6 N. dcijel`el
e 3>6 D. jdfcot`el O. ojetr`dut`el B. nbk`tt`el
^ucst`j
^ucst`je 346 N. jg
e 346 D. nt O. up

@
B. `e
O
Neswcrs6 2=. B

Xnrt >86 Tcnb`el ojkprcmces`je

20. N 38. D

Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc
3>. N
G 34. O

JG
ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jesg
_mjpp`el `s n ecocssnry pnrt jg i`gc wm`om vcry gcw pcjpic one nvj`b. _jkc pcjpic lj smjpp`el
kjrc rcluinriy tmne jtmcr pcjpic tj drjwsc prjbuots `e smjps cvce wmce tmcy bj ejt mnvc kuom kjecy.

E
Rm`s `s aejwe ns w`ebjw smjpp`el neb niijws pcjpic tj pine nmcnb neb snvc gjr tmc tm`els tmcy wnet tj
duy `e tmc guturc jr wn`t gjr tmc `tcks tj brjp `e pr`oc. _jkc pcjpic spceb n ijt jg t`kc ijja`el gjr

ƨ
dnrln`es wm`ic jtmcrs bj ejt tm`ea jg tmc pr`oc neb nrc mnppy tj spceb n ijt. _jkc pcjpic dci`cvc tmnt
tmc kjrc cxpces`vc tmc `tck, tmc dcttcr tmc quni`ty, dut tm`s `s ejt niwnys truc. @t `s sces`dic tj duy `tcks
wm`om nrc nggjrbndic , dut sjkc pcjpic usc n orcb`t onrb jr djrrjw kjecy grjk tmc dnea sj tmnt tmcy
one duy tmc `tcks tmcy rcniiy wnet rntmcr tmne wn`t gjr `t.
M
_jkct`kcs smjpp`el one dc strcssgui wmce omjjs`el n l`gt tj duy gjr jtmcr pcjpic gjr n spco`ni

E
joons`je. @t `s ojkkje tj duy n l`gt vjuomcr sj tmnt n gr`ceb jr ijvcb jec one lj smjpp`el tmckscivcs nt
tmc`r jwe ojevce`ceoc. _mjpp`el jei`ec `s jgtce pjpuinr w`tm pcjpic wmj mnvc n dusy i`gcstyic. Xcjpic
nrc ndic tj jrbcr tmc`r ecocssnry neb iuxury `tcks grjk tmc ojkgjrt jg tmc`r jwe mjkc, jr cvce je tmc
kjvc. Bci`vcry `s usuniiy grcc neb `tcks nrc jgtce omcnpcr tmne `e smjps je tmc m`lm strcct. Rmc jeiy
rcni prjdick `s tmnt tmc `tck bcsor`pt`je neb quni`ty kny dc kjrc b`ggcrcet tmne wmnt tmcy mjpcb gjr.

SP
Rm`s ojuib kcne tmc oustjkcr kny dcojkc b`snppj`etcb w`tm tmc `tck tmcy rcoc`vc neb w`ii eccb tj
rcture `t nt tmc`r jwe ojst. Xcjpic wmj lj tj smjps tj bj tmc`r smjpp`el jgtce usc scig-scrv`oc pnykcet

^
knom`ecs. Rm`s usuniiy snvcs t`kc ns tmc smjppcr bjcs ejt eccb tj fj`e n ijel qucuc. Mjwcvcr, `t one dc
grustrnt`el wmce tmc knom`ec mns n prjdick neb tmc snics nss`stnet `s ejt niwnys nvn`indic tj mcip.
^ucst`je 3?6 \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`el one dc tmc dcst t`tic gjr tmc pnssnlc:
N. _mjp
_mjpp`e
p`ell ‟ Mnpp
Mnpp`ec
`ecss
ss neb Neejyneo
Neejyneocc D. _mjp
_mjpp`e
p`ell ‟ Nii
Nii--ojes
ojesuk`
uk`el
el Xnss
Xnss`je
`je
O. _mjpp`e
_mjpp`ell ‟ N \nst
\nstcc jg Kj
Kjecy
ecy
K B. _mjpp`
_mjpp`elel ‟ Gnots ne
^ucst`je 326 \mnt bj sjkc pcjpic usuniiy tm`ea ndjut `tcks jg dcttcr quni`ty:
nebb Kcnsurc
Kcnsurcss

N. Rmcy nrc omcnpcr.

O. Rmcy nrc kjrc cxpces`vc.
Í D. Rmcy nrc mnrbcr ttj
B. Rmc
Rmcyy nrc jeje sni
snic.
c.
j g`eb.

N. ojstiy

N. tmc `tck
A
^ucst`je 336 Rmc wjrb ’nggjrbndic‛ `e pnrnlrn
D. `ecxpces`vc
^ucst`je 376 Rmc wjrb ’`t‛ `e pnrnlrnpm
pnrnlrnpm
pm > `s oijscst `e kcne`el tj ZZZZZZ.
O. vniundic
pnrnlrnpm 4 rcgcrs tj ZZZZZZZ.
D. tmc oustjkcr
ZZZZZ.
O. tm
tmcc pr
prjdi
jdick
ck
B. wjrtmicss

B. tmc kjvc
^ucst`je 3<6 \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`els `s ejt RTSC noojrb`el tj pnrnlrnpm 4:

ẨP
N. Dusy pcjpic jgtce omjjsc smjpp`el jei`ec.
D. Rmc quni`ty jg jei`ec smjpp`el kny dc wjrsce tmne oustjkcrs tmjulmt.

B
O. @e-stjrc smjpp`el `s jgtce omcnpcr tmne jei`ec smjpp`el.
B. @t‐s t`kc-snv`el
t`kc-snv`el gjr oust
oustjkcrs
jkcrs tj smj
smjpp jei
jei`ec.
`ec.
Neswcrs6 3?. N 32. O 33. D 37. N 3<. O

W. \T@R@EL
Xnrt >>6 _cetceoc Rrnesgjrknt`je

Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`el jg tmc l`vce jecs.
^ucst`je 3=6 Mcr d`oyoi
d`oyoicc `se‐
`se‐tt ns omc
omcnp
np ns k`
k`ec.
ec.
‡
Ky d`oyoic ..........................................................................
306 Mcr mjusc `s skniicr tmne yjurs. ....................................................................

I
^ucst`je
‡Pjur mjusc ...............................................................................................................................................
^ucst`je 786 Ejdjby `e jur oinss `s kjrc onrcgui onrc gui tmne Knry.
‡ Knry `s ...........................................................................................................
.................................................... .................................................................................................
..........................................
^ucst`je 7>6 Fnoa `s tmc dcst gjjtdnii pinycr `e tm`s tcnk.
‡ Ejdjby `e tm`s tcnk ................................ ...........................................................................
@
................... ............................................................................
....................

O
^ucst`je 746 Ky drjtmcr bjcse‐t spcna spcna Celi`sm ns wci wciii ns ky s`stcr.

@
‡ Ky s`stcr...................................................................................................................................................
^ucst`je 7?6 @‐vc ecvcr kct ney kjrc `etcii`lcet l`ri tmne mcr dcgjrc.

_mc `s tmc kjst `etcii`lcet l`ri @ mnvc cvcr kct.

^ucst`je 726 Ej jec `s ns a`eb-mcnrtcb ns yjur
‡ Pjurr kjtmcr `s …...…………………………
…...……………………………………………………
yj ur kjtmcr.
……………………………………………………… G G
‡ _mc `s .................................................................................................................................................

……………………………… …
^ucst`je 736 Fnoa b`b ejt spceb ns kuom kjecy ns m`s drjtmcr.
‡ Fnoa‐ drjtmcr …………………………
………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
……………………………………
…………
^ucst`je 776 Rm`s cxcro`scs `s ejt ns cnsy ns tmnt jec.
 EJ
‡ Rmnt cxcro`sc …………………………
…………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… ………………………………………
…………
^ucst`je 7<6 @t‐s uei`aci
uei`aciyy tmnt ttmcy
mcy w`ii bbjj tmc smjp
smjpp`el
p`el tj
tjkjrrjw
kjrrjw

ƨ
‡ Rmcy prjdndiy…………………………...………
prjdndiy…………………………...………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………

Neswcrs6
^ucst`je 3=6 Ky d`oyoic `s omcnpcr tmne mcrs

M
^ucst`je 306 Pjur mjusc `s ejt ns sknii ns tmc`rs. JT Pjur mjusc `s d`llcr tmne tmc`rs.

E
^ucst`je 786 Knry `s tmc kjst onrcgui (pcrsje/jec/
(pcrsje/jec/stubcet
stubcet)) `e jur oinss.
^ucst`je 7>6 Ejdjby `e tm`s tcnk pinys gjjtdnii dcttcr tmne Fnoa.
^ucst`je 746 Ky s`stcr spcnas Celi`sm
Celi`sm gnstcr tmne
tmne ky drjtmcr.

P
^ucst`je 7?6 _mc `s tmc kjst `etcii`lcet l`ri @ mnvc cvcr kct.
^ucst`je 726 Pjurr kjtmcr `s tmc kjst a`eb-mcnrtcb (jec/pcrsje).
^ucst`je 736 Fnoa‐ drjtmcr spcebs kjrc kjecy tmne m`k.
^ucst`je 776 Rmnt cxcro`sc `s cns`cr tmne tm`s jec. JT Rmnt cxcro`sc `s kjrc b`gg`ouit tmne tm`s jec.

^S
^ucst`je 7<6 Rmcy wje‐t prjdndiy
prjdndiy bj tmc smjpp`el tjkjrrjw.
tjkjrrjw.

Xnrt >46 \r`t`el ne cssny

K
^ucst`je 7=6 Ejwnbnys jei`ec smjpp`el mns dcojkc kjrc pjpuinr tmne `e-stjrc smjpp`el. @s `t n
pjs`t`vc jr eclnt`vc bcvcijpkcet:

Í
\r`tcc ne css
\r`t cssny
ny jg >>=8
=8 w
wjr
jrbs
bs ttjj l`
l`vc
vc rc
rcns
nsje
jess gj
gjrr yjur
yjur nesw
neswcr
cr neb
neb `eoi
`eoiub
ubcc ney
ney rc
rcic
icvn
vnet
et cxnk
cxnkpi
pics
cs gr
grjk
jk
yjurr jw
yju jwee aej
aejwi
wicbl
cblcc jr cx
cxpcr
pcr`c
`ceoc
eoc..

W@. _XCNA@EL

A
Xnrt >?6 Neswcr tmc qucst`jes

P
^ucst`je 706 Bj yju cefjy smjpp`el:
^ucst`je <86 Mjw jgtce bj yju lj smjpp`el:
^ucst`je <>6 \mcrc bj yju usuniiy smjp:
^ucst`je <46 Bj yju i`ac jei`ec smjpp`el:
^ucst`je <?6 @s smjpp`el n pjpuinr not`v`ty `e yjur ojuetry:

BẨ
^ucst`je <26 \mnt typcs jg smjps bj tccenlcrs i`ac dcst `e yjur ojuetry:
Xnrt >26 Knac n prcscetnt`je ndjut n tjp`o
^ucst`je <36 Bcsor`dc tmc kjst gnvjr`tc `tck tmnt yju mnvc djulmt.

SE@R 26 @ERCTENR@JENI JTLNE@VNR@JE_ & OMNT@R@C_

N. RJX@O WJONDSINTP

>. N`k (e) Kợo t`æu

I
/ˍk`˘eɦŁgi/

@
/cɦk/ >3. Jrlne`zc (v) Rồ omỠo
omỠo
4. N nrcecss (e) Emẫe tmỠo /ˍɒ˘ɮɐenɦz/
>7. Xrjv
Xrjv`bc
`bc (e/
(e/v)
v) Ouel oảp
O
/ɐˍwcɐeɐs/

@
?. Omnr`ty (e) Ièk tỡ tm`Ọe
tm`Ọe /prɐˍv ɦ /

G
/ˍtʏçrɐt`/ ><.
><. _u
_upppjrt (e/v) MỜ trữ,
trữ, Ửe
Ửell mỐ
2. Omniicelc (e/v) Rmîom tmỠo

G
/sɐˍpɒ˘t/
/ˍtʏçiɦebʔ/ >=. Wctcrne (e) RmƸƮel d`em

J
3. Ojkkue`ty (e) OỐel Ğởel /ˍvctɐrɐe/
/aɐˍkfu˘eɐt`/ >0. Wj
Wjiu
iueetccr (v/e) Réem eluyỌe, elƸớ`
7. Ojescrvnt`je _Ỿ dắj
dắj tởe
tởe /ˉvɔiɐeˍtɦɐ(r)/ téem eluyỌe
(e)

E
/ˉaɔesɐˍvcɦʏe/

ƨ
<. b`snstcr (e) Rmắk mịn D. \JTB XNRRCTE_

M
/bɦˍzɞ˘stɐ(r)/
=. Bjentc (v) ủel mỐ 48. Xrjv`bc sd w`tm stm Ouel oảp omj n`

E
/bɐʆˍecɦt/ 4>. Xrjv`bc stm gjr sd oî` lë
0. Cnrtmqunac (e) ĘỐel Ğảt 44. Tn`sc sd ”s Eäel onj emẫe
nwnrcecss tmỠoo oỬn n` vỎ
tmỠ vỎ oî`
 P
/ ə˘νawcɦa/
ndjut/jg stm lé
>8.
>8. Cx
Cxpc
pcb`t`je (e) Rmîk m`ỏk
4?. _ct up (v) Rmèem iẫp

S
/ˉcaspɐˍbɦʏe/ 42. Xjpuinr w`tm (nbf) Xmồ d`
d`Ẻe
Ẻe vố
vố``
>>. Guebrn`s`el (e) Läy quỰ 43. @e rcture gjr (e) Ęồ` iẮ`

>4. /ˍgʉebrcɦzɦŁ/ 47. Aæu

Rmnklị`
Onii gjr (v)

^
Mjkcicss (nbf) Wò l`n oƸ 4<. Xnrt`o`pntc `e l`n
4=. Rnac pnrt `e

K
/ˍmɐʆkiɐs/
>?. @esp`rc (v) RruyỎe oắk mỠel 40. B`c jg OmẺt vé

Í
/ɦeˍspnɦɐ(r)/ ?8. Rnac onrc jg ^une täk, omďk
>2. Kcne`elgui (n) Oÿ û elmĠn sÿo

A
?>. Nsa gjr ]`e

P
O. \JTB GJTKNR@JE

WCTD

Ẩ
>. bbjjentc
4. jrlne`zc
EJSE
bjejr
Jrlne`zcr
jrlne`znt`je
NBF NBW

B
?. vjiuetccr vjiuetccr vjiuetnry vjiuetnr`tiy

I@_RCE@EL I
@
Xnrt >6 G`ii `e ttmc
mc dineas . Ojkpictc tmc ejtcs dcijw.
dcijw. \r`tc JEC \JTB JT N ESKDCT gjr cnom

O
neswcr.

@
_CTW@EL KCNI_ GJT MJKCIC__ XCJXIC

G
_tcvc Dnbt supcrv`scs kcni prcpnrnt`je gjr kjrc tmne twj muebrcb pcjpic.

G
Dnb icgt m`s fjd `e tmc (>)ZZZZZZZZZ`ebustry scvce ycnrs nlj.
Mc ejw wjras gjr n (4)ZZZZZZZZZZ lrjup.
Rmc ljvcrekcet snys kjrc tmne (?)ZZZZZZZZZZ Nkcr`ones bj ejt lct cejulm tj cnt.

J
Rmc`r ljni `s dy (2)ZZZZZZtj mnvc nii tm`s rcnby tj lj tj scrvc n mjt kcni.
Rmc wjra `s ejt cnsy gjr tmc vjiuetccrs nt K`r`nks A`omce, dut _tcvce Dnbt mns n wn`t`el i`st jg
(3)ZZZZZZZZZZZ
Xnrt 4 -3 Omjjsc tmc
tmc ojrrcot icttcr,
icttcr, N, D, O jr B.

Pju nrc lj`el tj mcnr ndjut n omnr`ty jrlne`znt`je. Tcnb tmc qucst`jes neb uebcri`ec tmc acy

ƨ E
wjrbs.

M
E
P
>. \my b`b pcjpic orcntc tmc Jxgjrb Ojkk`ttcc gjr Gnk`ec Tci`cg `e >024:

S
N. tj ceb \jrib \nr @@ `e Lrccoc D. tj tnac gjjb tj Lrccoc
O. tj g`lmt n wnr `e Lrccoc B. tj prjv`bc snitcrs `e Lrccoc

^
4. \mj b`b tmc jrlne`znt`je mcip gjr tmc g`rst t`kc `e >03>:
N. v`ot`ks jg wnr D. pcjpic `e Curjpc
O . v`ot`ks jg n enturni b`snstcr B. v`ot`ks jg gnk`ec
?. \mce b`b Rmc Jxgjrb Ojkk`ttcc omnelc `ts enkc tj J]GNK:
N. >033

Í K
D. >073
2. \mnt mnppcecb tj J]GNK lrjups `e >003:
O. >0<3 B. >003

A
N. Rmcy fj`ecb tj gjrk jec d`l jrlne`znt`je
D. Rmcy stnrtcb wjra`el w`tm jtmcr omnr`t`cs.
O. Rmcy omnelcb tmc`r enkc dnoa tj tmc Jxgjrb Ojkk`ttcc

P
B. Rmcy rue prjfcots `e kney ojuetr`cs.

Ẩ
3. \mnt bjcs J]GNK dci`cvc `s tmc dcst wny tj smnvc sjkcjec grjk pjvcrty:
N. l`v`el tmck kjecy D. tcnom`el tmck ecw sa`iis

B
O. bjent`el gjjb neb kcb`oni suppi`cs B. mcip`el tmck lct jut jg b`gg`ouit`cs
IC]@OJ
IC]@OJ-- LTNKKNT
LTNKKNT

I
Xnrt ?6 Xmject`os

Knra tmc icttcr

icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur
yjur neswcr smcct
smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc
wmjsc uebcri`ecb
uebcri`ecb pnrt
b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

>. N.
4. Xrjv`bccb
D. _uppjrt s D. bjent
D. ojescrvc s O. g`e`sm
O. bjentcs B. prjv`b
B. `esp`rccb
s

O@
cb cb

@
?. N. kjecy D. dcojkc O. sjkctm`el B. nvj`b

G
2. N. omnr`ty D. prjv`bc O. pr`jr`ty B. ojkkue`ty
3. N. prcscrvc D. `esp`rc O. suppjrt B. ojescrvc

G
Xnrt 26 _trcss

J
Knra tmc icttcr
icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur
yjur neswcr smcct
smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt
tmnt b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr
jtmcr
tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes

E
7. N. rcoc`vc D. suppiy O. nrrnelc B. prjk`sc
<. N. jvcrojkc D. `egiuceoc O. bcsor`dc B. dci`cvc
=. N. bjentc D. stuby O. prjv`bc B. suppjrt
0. N. nrrnelc D. ojescrvc O. prjtcot B. mnppce
>8. N. bco`bc D. ojkpictc O. g`e`sm B. `esp`rc

M ƨ
Xnrt 36 Kuit`pic omj`oc (48)

E
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc
gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

P
(vjonduinry, ojiijont`jes, pmrnsni vcrds, prcpjs`t`jes, wjrb gjrks, lrnkknr, ojevcrsnt`je)

S
>>. _mc w`smcs smc ojuib bj sjkc ZZZZZ wjra tm`s sukkcr.
N. vjiuetnr`iy D. vjiuetccr`sk O. vjiuetccr B. vjiuetccr`el

^
>4. Pju one ZZZZ djjas, oijtmcs, kcb`o`ec neb kjecy tj tm`s omnr`ty.
N. bjejr D. bjentc O. bcvjtc B. bcb`ontc
>?. Mukne T`lmts lrjups nrc ZZZZZZZZZZZ tmc rcicnsc jg pji`t`oni pr`sjecrs.
N. pny`el gj
gjr D. ijja`el gjr O. onii`el ggjjr B. sctt`el up
>2. @g yju ZZZZZZZZZZZ ngtcr yjur oijtmcs tmcy inst n ijt ijelcr.
N. enkc D. wntom O. ijja B. tnac

N. nwnrc
Í K
>3. Xctcr wns pn`eguiiy ZZZZZZZZZZZ jg m`s jwe smjrtojk`els.

A D. uenwnrc O. nrrjlnet
>7. Rmcsc stnt`st`os jggcr gurtmcrZZZZZZgjr tmc so`cet`st‐s prjpjscb tmcjry.
B. kjbcst

P
N. prjv`s`je D. suppjrt O. jrlne`znt`je B. bjent`je
><. Rmcsc a`eb pcjpic l`vc tmc rcgulccs n pinoc tj stny neb cxpcot ejtm`el `eZZZZZZ
N. rcture D. cxpcesc O. nwnrb B. vjiuetccr`sk
 Ẩ
>=. Rmc Se`tcb Ent`je s GNJ jvcrsccs gjjbZZZZZZgjr pcjpic `e tmc wnr zjec.

B
N. kcnis D. wnstcs O. orngts B. suppi`cs
>0. Mjw ijel mnvc yju dcce `etcrcstcb ZZZZZZZ cev`rjekcetni `ssucs: @t sccks tmnt yju mnvc bjec
yjur rcscnrom.

I
N. `e D. gjr O. w`tm B. jg
48. Gnocdjja neb
neb @estnl
@estnlrnk
rnk nrc twj pjpui
pjpuinr
nr ZZZZZZ ectwjra
ectwjra`el
`el s`tcs `e W
W`cten
`ctenk.
k.
N. sjo`ni D. sjo`ndic O. sjo`cty B. sjo`ni`zc

@
4>. Jur prjfcot mns rcoc`vcb n lcecrjus
lcecrjus nkjuet jg kjecy neb
neb gjjb grjk ne nejey
nejeykjus
kjus ZZZZZZ
N. jrlne`zcr D. knenlcr O. bjejr B. gjuebcr
44. Rmc onebic i`lmt`el cvcet `s tj ojkkckjrntc pcjpic wmj mnvc ZZZZZZZ
OJW@B->0.
N. b`cZZZZZZusuniiy
nwny D. bkuom
`c gjrkj O. b`o
`c tm`els.
jg B. b`c jut

G @ O
4?. @kpjrtcb ojst kjrcrc tmne bjkcst`o
bjkcst
N. scrv`ocs D. ljjbs O. jutojkcs B. ojesukcrs

G
42. \c sullcst
sullcst mnv`el n oorngt
rngt gn`r tj ZZZZZZ kjecy gjr tm tmcc rckjtc sosomjjis
mjjis..
N. r`sc D. rn`sc O. bj B. knac

J
43. Rm`s omnr`ty
omnr`ty pr
prjv`bcs
jv`bcs sup
suppjrt
pjrt ZZZZZZ uebcrpr`
uebcrpr`v`iclc
v`iclcbb pcjpic.
N. w`tm D. tj O. grjk B. je
47. @t `se‐t
`se‐t cnsy tj sct ZZZZZZ n dus`ec
dus`ecssss nt suo
suomm n yjuel nlc.

E
N. jgg D. gjrwnrb O. `e B. up
4<. \c nrc try`el
try`el tj bci`vc
bci`vcrr tmcsc gjjb neb kcb`
kcb`oni
oni ZZZZZZ tj tmc gijjbc
gijjbcbb nrcns.
N. kcnis D. prjlrnks O. guebs B. suppi`cs

N. bco`bc D. `esp`rc
ƨ
4=. X`jeccrs `e so`ceoc nrc jgtce tmc jecs wmjZZZZZZjtmcr pcjpic tj stuby neb bcvcijp tmc`r
b`sojvcr`cs.
O. jrlne`zc B. vjiuetccr
40. Omjjsc tmc jpt`je tmnt dcst ojkpictcs tmc scetceocs.

EM
Rmu6 \mnt mns tm`s Fjd Muet`el lrjup bjec: Ine6 ZZZZZZZZZZ
N. @t mns mcipcb tmjusnebs jg ueckpijycb pcjpic g`eb fjds

P
D. Rmcy wnet yju tj l`vc tmck yjur `egjrknt`je suom ns quni`g`ont`jes neb cxpcr`ceoc.
O. Rm`s lrjup mns dcce not`vc gjr n ijel t`kc.

S
B. @ mjpc yju one bjentc tj mcip fjdicss pcjpic `e tm`s lrjup
?8. Omjjsc tmc jpt`je tmnt dcst ojkpictcs tmc scetceocs.

^
E`em6 ZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZ:
ZZ:
Iu`s6 @‐k ourrcetiy mcip`el tmck du`ib somjjis `e tmc ojuetrys`bc.
N. \mnt bjcs tmc omnr`ty bj: D. \my nrc yju vjiuetccr`el:

K
O. Mjw nrc yju mcip`el nt tmc
tmc omnr`ty ejw B. Mjw kuom mmnv
nvcc yju bjentcb:
Xnrt 76 Knra tmc
tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je
je yjur neswcr
neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e
kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb
uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
qucst`jes. (4)

AÍ
?>. Rmc kn`e jdfcot`vc jg tm`s cvcet `s tj mcip pcjpic uebcrstneb kjrc ndjut oneocr.
N. pji`oy D. bcv`oc O. `egjrknt`je B. n`k

P
?4. Rmcy nrc pinee`el tj inueom ne nppcni gjr bjent`jes
b jent`jes tj tmc omnr`ty.
N. sct up D. dr`el jut O. p`oa up B. tnac nwny

Ẩ
Xnrt <6 yjur neswcr
neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s)
wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC `e kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ec
uebcri`ecb
b

B
wjrb(s) `e cnom
cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el
gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
qucst`jes. (4)

??. _mc bjcs vjiuetnry wjra gjr tmc Tcb Orjss twj bnys n wcca.
N. s`kpic D. `bcet`oni O. ojkkje B. gjrocb
 I
?2. Rmnea yju gjr tnia`el tj kc. @t‐s rcniiy n kcne`elgui b`souss`je.
N. k`ejr D. s`le`g`onet O. csscet`ni B. pj`eticss
Xnrt =6 Crrjr @bcet`g`on
@bcet`g`ont`je
t`je 6 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr
neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc
tmc

@
uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

O
?3. Rmc
Rmc omnr`t
omnr`tyy prj
prjv`bcs
v`bcs cnrtmqu
cnrtmqunac
nac vv`ot`k
`ot`kss gjr tckpjrn
tckpjrnry
ry sm
smcitcrs.
citcrs.

@
N D O B
?7. T`lmt ejw, ky a`bs vjiuetccr
vjiuetccr `e n sknii v`iin
v`iinlc
lc `e Onkdjb`
Onkdjb`n.n.
N D O B
?<. Nii vjiuet
vjiuetccrs
ccrs nlrc
nlrccb
cb tmnt `t wns jec jg tmc`r kjst nknz`el
nknz`el cxpcr`c
cxpcr`ceoc.
eoc.

GG
N D O B
?=. @t‐s
@t‐s n omniic
omniicelc
elc gjr
gjr suom n d`l jrlne`
jrlne`znt`je
znt`je tj bj nrrnelck
nrrnelckcets
cets gjr
gjr kcct`
kcct`els.
els.

J
N D O B
TCNB@EL

E
Xnrt 06 Tcnb tmc
tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb
neb knra tmc icttcr
icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur
yjur neswcr smcct
smcct tj
`eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas

K@__@JE
K@__@JENT@
NT@C_
C_ JG OMNT@R
OMNT@RP
P
ƨ
Kjtmcr
Kjtm
jpce
ojev
cr Rcrc
jpce-n
ojev`e
`eoc
Rcrcsn
-n``r somj
sn qu`o
somjji
ocbb tmc
qu`oai
ji neb
tmc o`ty
aiyy tr
neb cstn
o`ty ljvc
trne
cstndi
ljvcre
nesi

rekc
sint

kcet
ntcb
di``smcb
cb mcr
mcr onii
smcb n (>
et tj bjen
onii`e
(>)) ZZZZ
bjentc
`ell `etj
ZZZZZZ
tc (4
`etj ojeo
ZZZZ
ojeorc
ZZZZ gj
(4)) ZZZZ
ZZZZZZ
rctc
M
tc no
not`
gjrr tmc by`
ZZZZ
t`je
jess tj mcip
by`el bcst
ZZZZ mcr
bcst`t
mcr onus
onusc.
mcip tmc
`tut
tmc o`ty
o`ty's
utcc `e n b`i
c. @e Jo
Jotjtjdc
's pjjr
b`inp`
pjjr.. _mc
np`bnt
dcrr >038
_mc dcln
bntcb du`
>038,, sm
dclnee ne
du`ib`e
smcc (?
ib`ell sm
(?)) ZZZZ
ZZZZZZ
smcc
ZZZZ
ZZ
onej
oneje`
e`on
onii rc
rcoj
ojle
le`t
`t`j
`jee gj
gjrr n ecw
ecw ojel
ojelrc rcln
lnt`
t`je
je,, tmc
tmc K`
K`ssss`j
`jen
enr`
r`cs
cs jg Om
Omnr
nr`t
`ty,
y, (2
(2)) ZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZ sm
smcc gj
gjue
uebc bcbb

PE
w`tm
w`tm jeiy
jeiy n mneb
mnebgu
guii jg kc
kckdkdcrcrs‒
s‒kj kjstst jg tmck
tmck gjgjrk
rkcrcr tcno
tcnomc
mcrs
rs jr pup`
pup`is
is gr
grjk
jk _t.
_t. Kn
Knry ry's
's _omj
_omjji ji..
Ns tmc rnea
neas jg mcr ojelr lrccln
lntt`je swciicb neb bjent nt``jes pjurc rcbb `e grjk nrnrjjue
uebb @eb`n nebneb nororjjss tmc

S
lijd
lijdc,
c, tm
tmcc soj
sojpc
pc jg Kjtm
Kjtmcrcr Rc
Rcrcs
rcsn'
n'ss om
omnr`
nr`tn
tndi
dicc no
not`
t`v`
v`t`
t`cs
cs (3
(3)) ZZ
ZZZZZ
ZZZZZ
ZZZZZ
ZZZ cx
cxpje
pjececet`
t`ni
niiy
iy.. Jv
Jvcr
cr tm
tmcc oju
ojursc rsc
jg tmc
tmc >038
>038ss neb
neb >078
>078s, s, smc
smc cst
cstnd
ndii`smc
`smcbb n icpc
icpcrr oji
ojijey,
jey, ne jr jrpm
pmne
nenl
nlc,
c, n eurs
eurs``el mjkc
mjkc,, n gngnk
k`iy
`iy oi`
oi`e`o
e`o
neb
neb n str`
str`el
el jg kj
kjd`d`ic
ic mcni
mcnitmtm oi`e
oi`e`o
`os.s.

^
(Tctrc`vc grjk mttps6//www.d`jlrnpmy.ojk/rci`l`jus-g`lurc/kjtmcr-tcrcsn )

>. N. noojkkjbnt`je D. mjkc O. mjusc B. du`ib`el

K
4. N. grjk D. nt O. `e B. tj
?. N. wje D. ojkpctcb O. `evnbcb B. rjddcb

Í
2. N. tmnt D. wmjk O. wm`om B. wmj
3. N. t`lmtcecb D. w`bcecb O. cxtcebcb B. cxpnebcb
Xnrt >86 Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el
gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur
yjur neswcr smcct tj

`eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes

PA
Neec Grnea wns n Fcw`sm v`ot`k jg tmc Mjijonust aejwe gjr accp`el n b`nry jg mcr cxpcr`ceocs `e n

Ẩ
ojeocetrnt`je onkp. Neec wns djre `e >040 `e Lcrkney. _mc wns l`vce n b`nry gjr mcr >?tm d`rtmbny.
Nee stnrtcb tj wr`tc ndjut cvcrybny cvcets `e mcr b`nry, tm`els tmnt k`lmt nppcnr tr`v`ni i`ac wmnt smc ntc

B
jr nrlukcets smc mnb w`tm mcr kjtmcr. Dut intcr mcr b`nry mcipcb gjrk n p`oturc jg wmnt i`gc wns i`ac
bur`el tm`s m`stjr`oni pcr`jb. \mce tmc Enz`s gjueb c`lmt pcjpic grjk Neec‐s gnk`iy `e tmc`r m`b`el
pinoc, tmcy
tmcy scet
scet tmck tj ojeocetrnt`
ojeocetrnt`je
je onkps.
onkps. Ns tmc ojeb`t`j
ojeb`t`jes
es `e tmc onkp
onkp wcrc sj pjjr,
pjjr, Neec neb mcr
mcr

I
s`stcr b`cb jg n b`scnsc oniicb ty
typmus fust n gcw kjetms dcgjrc \jrib \nr @@ cebcb. Neec‐s b`nry wns
pmus
snvcb dy jec jg tmc pcjpic wmj mcipcb mcr gnk`iy neb rcturecb tj mcr gntmcr, Jttj Grnea, tmc jeiy
surv`vjr `e tmc gnk`iy. Mc bco`bcb tj pudi`sm tmc b`nry, rcni`z`el Neec‐s brcnk jg dcojk`el n gnkjus
nutmjr. _`eoc `t wns g`rst pudi`smcb, mcr b`nry mns sjib k`ii`jes jg ojp`cs wjribw`bc neb dcce trnesintcb
`etj kjrc tmne <8 inelunlcs.
inelunlcs. Rmc b`nry `s ne `kpjrtnet
@
`kpjrtnet noojuet jg mjw Fcw`sm pcjpic wcrc trcntcb dy

O
tmc Enz`s. Jttj nisj pudi`smcb m`s bnulmtcr‐s b`nry `e tmc mjpc tmnt `t wjuib rn`sc rcnbcrs‐ nwnrcecss jg

@
tmc bnelcrs jg prcfub`oc, b`sor`k`ent`je, mjst`i`ty, neb mntrcb nln`est jtmcrs.
>. \mnt `s tmc pnssnlc kn`eiy ndjut:
N. D`jlrnpmy jg Neec Grnea
O. N
Neeec Grnea‐s gnk`iy stjr`cs
4. ’Rypmus‛ `s tmc enkc jgZZZZZZ
D. Neec Grnea‐s b`nry
B. Mjijonust G
JG
N. Neec‐s s`stcr D. tmc onkp O. n b`scnsc B. Neec‐s m`b`el pinoc
?. Rmc wjrb ’noojuet‛ `s OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el tj
N. n dnea`el nrrnelckcet D. n sjo`ni kcb`n prjg`ic O. n wr`ttce bcsor`pt`je B. n g`ik

E
2. \mnt one dc `egcrrcb grjk tmc pnssnlc:
N. Rmc b`nry mcips rcnbcrs `knl`ec i`gc `e n ojeocetrnt`je onkp.

ƨ
D. Rmc b`nry bcsor`dcs b`ggcrcet wnys tj bcni w`tm tccenlc prjdicks.
O. Rmc b`nry wns snvcb dy Neec‐s gntmcr.

M
B. Rmc b`nry rcoc`vcs i`ttic rcojle`t`je wjribw`bc.
3. \mnt wns EJR kcet`jecb ns n purpjsc gjr tmc pudi`ont`je jg Neec‐s b`nry:
N. tj knac mcr brcnk jg dcojk`el n gnkjus wr`tcr ojkc truc

E
D. tj rn`sc tmc wjrib‐s nwnrcecss jg mjw bnelcrjus b`sor`k`ent`je neb mntrcb nln`est jtmcrs one dc
O. tj mcip pcjpic aejw kjrc ndjut mjw tmc Enz`s trcntcb tmc Fcw`sm pcjpic
B. tj tcnom yjuelstcrs mjw tj dcojkc gnkjus wr`tcrs
\T@R@EL

Xnrt >>6 \r`tc scetceoc

SP
scetceocss us`el tmc prjkpts
prjkpts neb tmc Xrcscet Xcrgcot.
Xcrgcot.

^
>. Rmcy/rn`sc/nwnrcecss/ojevcrsnt`je/488?.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

K
4. Mc/wjra/omnr`ty/ 3 ycnrs.

Í
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

A
?. \jrib \`ib Gueb/wjra mnrb/kney ycnrs/prjtcot/tmc cebnelcrcb spco`cs.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Wjiuetccrs/ln`e/uscgui cxpcr`ceoc/drjnb rnelc/g`cibs.

ẨP
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Jur onkpn`le/rn`sc/guebs/omnr`ty jrlne`znt`je.

B
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Nejeykjus dus`ecsswjkne/bjentc/jec k`ii`je bjiinrs/tmc omnr`ty

I
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
<. _mc/rue/omnr`ty/mjkcicss yjuel pcjpic.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

@
=. _mc/bj/vjiuetnry wjra/Tcb Orjss/>8 ycnrs.

O
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

@
0. Guebrn`s`el/omnr`ty/dcojkc/kcne`elgui tm`els/cvcryjec/bj/mcip/ojkkue`ty.

G
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
>8. N ijt jg lcecrjus dus`ecsskce/knac/vniundic ojetr`dut`jes/mcip`el eccby pcjpic.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
\r`t`el ne cssny
Xnrt >46 \r`t`el cssny G
\m`om `etcrent`jeni jrlne`znt`je wjuib yju i`ac tj wjra gjr: \r`tc ne cssny jg >=8 wjrbs tj
cxprcss tmc rcnsjes wmy yju omjjsc tmc jrlne`znt`je.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
E J
ƨ
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

M
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

E
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

P
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

^S
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

K
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Í
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

A
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

P
_XCNA@EL

Xnrt >?6 Neswcr

Neswcr tmc qucst`jes
qucst`jes (i`ac pnrt > `e @CIR_ tcsts)-3

BẨ
>. Mnvc yju cvcr wjra ns n vjiuetccr:
4. \mnt a`eb jg wjra bj yju jgtce pnrt`o`pntc `e :

?. \my bj yju vjiuetccr:

vjiuetccr:

I
2. \mnt `s tmc kjst `kpjrtnet vjiuetccr not`v`ty `e jur nrcn:
3. \mnt nrc tmc dcecg`ts jg bj`el vjiuetccr wjra:
@
O
Xnrt >26 Kna
Knacc n prcscetnt`je
prcscetnt`je ndjut n kcne`elgui
kcne`elgui omnr`ty wjra
wjra tmnt yju mnvc bjec

G @
G
J
ƨ E
M
 E
P
S
^
K
Í
A
P
Ẩ
B
SE@R 26 @ERCTENR@JENI JTLNE@VNR@JE_ & OMNT@R@C_

I
N. RJX@O WJONDSINTP

>. N`k (e) Kợo t`æu /ˍk`˘eɦŁgi/

/cɦk/ >3. Jrlne`zc (v) Rồ omỠo
omỠo
4. N nrcecss (e)
/ɐˍwcɐeɐs/
Emẫe tmỠo /ˍɒ˘ɮɐenɦz/
>7. Xrjv
Xrjv`bc
`bc (e/
(e/v)
v) Ouel oảp
O @
@
?. Omnr`ty (e) Ièk tỡ tm`Ọe
tm`Ọe /prɐˍv ɦ /

G
/ˍtʏçrɐt`/ ><.
><. _u
_upppjrt (e/v) MỜ trữ,
trữ, Ửe
Ửell mỐ
2. Omniicelc (e/v) Rmîom tmỠo

G
/sɐˍpɒ˘t/
/ˍtʏçiɦebʔ/ >=. Wctcrne (e) RmƸƮel d`em

J
3. Ojkkue`ty (e) OỐel Ğởel /ˍvctɐrɐe/
/aɐˍkfu˘eɐt`/ >0. Wj
Wjiu
iueetccr (v/e) Réem eluyỌe, elƸớ`
7. Ojescrvnt`je _Ỿ dắj
dắj tởe
tởe /ˉvɔiɐeˍtɦɐ(r)/ téem eluyỌe
(e)
/ˉaɔesɐˍvcɦʏe/

ƨ E
<. b`snstcr (e) Rmắk mịn D. \JTB XNRRCTE_

M
/bɦˍzɞ˘stɐ(r)/
=. Bjentc (v) ủel mỐ 48. Xrjv`bc sd w`tm stm Ouel oảp oomj
mj n`
n`

E
/bɐʆˍecɦt/ 4>. Xrjv`bc stm gjr sd oî` lë
0. Cnrtmqunac (e) ĘỐel Ğảt 44. Tn`sc sd ”s Eäel onj emẫe
nwnrcecss tmỠoo oỬn n` vỎ
tmỠ vỎ oî`

P
/ˍə˘νawcɦa/
nd
ndjut
jut/jg
/jg stm lé
>8.
>8. Cx
Cxpc
pcb`t`je (e) Rmîk m`ỏk
4?. _ct up (v) Rmèem iẫp

S
/ˉcaspɐˍbɦʏe/ 42. Xjpuinr w`tm (nbf) Xmồ d`d`Ẻe
Ẻe vố
vố``
>>. Guebrn`s`el (e) Läy quỰ 43. @e rcture
rcture gjr (e) Ęồ` iẮ`
/ˍgʉebrcɦzɦŁ/ 47. Onii gjr (v) Aæu lị`
>4. Mjkcicss (nbf) Wò l`n oƸ 4<. Xnrt`o`pntc `e Rmnk l`n
 ^ 4=. Rnac pnrt `e

K
/ˍmɐʆkiɐs/
>?. @esp`rc (v) RruyỎe oắk mỠel 40. B`c jg OmẺt vé

Í
/ɦeˍspnɦɐ(r)/ ?8. Rnac onrc jg ^une täk, omďk
>2. Kcne`elgui (n) Oÿ û elmĠn sÿo

A
?>. Nsa gjr ]`e

P
O. \JTB GJTKNR@JE

WCTD

Ẩ
>. bbjjentc
EJSE
bjejr
NBF NBW

B
4. jrlne`zc Jrlne`zcr
jrlne`znt`je
?. vjiuetccr vjiuetccr vjiuetnry vjiuetnr`tiy

Xnrt >6 G`ii `e ttmc

I@_RCE@EL

mc dineas . Ojkpictc tmc ejtcs dcijw.

dcijw. \r`tc JEC \JTB JT N ESKDCT gjr cnom
I
neswcr.

_CTW@EL KCNI_ GJT MJKCIC__ XCJXIC

@ O@
G
_tcvc Dnbt supcrv`scs kcni prcpnrnt`je gjr kjrc tmne twj muebrcb pcjpic.

G
Dnb icgt m`s fjd `e tmc (>)ZZZZZZZZZ`ebustry scvce ycnrs nlj.
Mc ejw wjras gjr n (4)ZZZZZZZZZZ lrjup.
Rmc ljvcrekcet snys kjrc tmne (?)ZZZZZZZZZZ Nkcr`ones bj ejt lct cejulm tj cnt.

J
Rmc`r ljni `s dy (2)ZZZZZZtj mnvc nii tm`s rcnby tj lj tj scrvc n mjt kcni.
Rmc wjra `s ejt cnsy gjr tmc vjiuetccrs nt K`r`nks A`omce, dut _tcvce Dnbt mns n wn`t`el i`st jg
(3)ZZZZZZZZZZZ

>. rcstnurnet 4. Ejt-gjr-prjg`t ?. ?7 k`ii`je E 2. <n.k 3. \`ii`el wjracrs

Xnrt 4 -3 Omjjsc tmc
tmc ojrrcot icttcr,
icttcr, N, D, O jr B.

M ƨ
Pju nrc lj`el tj mcnr ndjut n omnr`ty jrlne`znt`je. Tcnb tmc qucst`jes neb uebcri`ec tmc acy
wjrbs.

E
P
S
O. tj g`lmt n wnr `e Lrccoc
^
>. \my b`b pcjpic orcntc tmc Jxgjrb Ojkk`ttcc gjr Gnk`ec Tci`cg `e >024:
N. tj ceb \jrib \nr @@ `e Lrccoc D. tj tnac gjjb tj Lrccoc
B. tj prjv`bc snitcrs `e Lrccoc
4. \mj b`b tmc jrlne`znt`je mcip gjr tmc g`rst t`kc `e >03>:

Í K
N. v`ot`ks jg wnr D. pcjpic `e Curjpc
O. v`ot`ks jg n enturni b`snstcr B. v`ot`ks jg gnk`ec

A
?. \mce b`b Rmc Jxgjrb Ojkk`ttcc omnelc `ts enkc tj J]GNK:
N. >033 D. >073 O. >0<3 B. >003
2. \mnt mnppcecb tj J]GNK lrjups `e >003:
N. Rmcy fj`ecb tj gjrk jec d`l jrlne`znt`je
 P
Ẩ
D. Rmcy stnrtcb wjra`el w`tm jtmcr omnr`t`cs.
O. Rmcy omnelcb tmc`r enkc dnoa tj tmc Jxgjrb Ojkk`ttcc

B
B. Rmcy rue prjfcots `e kney ojuetr`cs.
3. \mnt bjcs J]GNK dci`cvc `s tmc dcst wny tj smnvc sjkcjec grjk pjvcrty:
N. l`v`el tmck kjecy D. tcnom`el tmck ecw sa`iis

I
O. bjent`el gjjb neb kcb`oni suppi`cs B. mcip`el tmck lct jut jg b`gg`ouit`cs
IC]@OJ
IC]@OJ-- LTNKKNT
LTNKKNT

@
Xnrt ?6 Xmject`os

Knra tmc icttcr

icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur
yjur neswcr smcct
smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc
wmjsc uebcri`ecb
uebcri`ecb pnrt

b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. N. Xrjv`bcs
4. D. _uppjrtcb
D. ojescrvcs
D. bjentcb
O. bjen
bjenttcs
O. g`e`smcb
B. `esp`rcs
B. prjv`bcb
G @O
G
?. N. kjecy D. dcojkc O. sjkctm`el B. nvj`b
2. N. omnr`ty D. prjv`bc O. pr`jr`ty B. ojkkue`ty

J
3. N. prcscrvc D. `esp`rc O. suppjrt B. ojescrvc
Xnrt 26 _trcss

E
Knra tmc icttcr
icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur
yjur neswcr smcct
smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt
tmnt b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr
jtmcr
tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes

7. N. rcoc`vc
<. N. jvcrojkc
=. N. bjentc
D. suppiy
D. `egiuceoc
D. stuby
O. nrrnelc
O. bcsor`dc
O. prjv`bc
ƨ B. prjk`sc
B. dci`cvc
B. suppjrt
0. N. nrrnelc D. ojescrvc O. prjtcot B. mnppce

EM
>8. N. bco`bc D. ojkpictc O. g`e`sm B. `esp`rc
Xnrt 36 Kuit`pic omj`oc (48)

P
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc

S
gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
(vjonduinry, ojiijont`jes, pmrnsni vcrds, prcpjs`t`jes, wjrb gjrks, lrnkknr, ojevcrsnt`je)

^
>>. _mc w`smcs smc ojuib bj sjkc ZZZZZ wjra tm`s sukkcr.
N. vjiuetnr`iy D. vjiuetccr`sk O. vjiuetccr B. vjiuetccr`el

K
>4. Pju one ZZZZ djjas, oijtmcs, kcb`o`ec neb kjecy tj tm`s omnr`ty.
N. bjejr D. bjentc O. bcvjtc B. bcb`ontc
>?. Mukne T`lmts lrjups nrc ZZZZZZZZZZZ tmc rcicnsc jg pji`t`oni pr`sjecrs.
N. pny`el gj
gjr D. ijja`el gjr O. onii`el ggjjr B. sctt`el up

AÍ
>2. @g yju ZZZZZZZZZZZ ngtcr yjur oijtmcs tmcy inst n ijt ijelcr.
N. enkc D. wntom O. ijja B. tnac

P
>3. Xctcr wns pn`eguiiy ZZZZZZZZZZZ jg m`s jwe smjrtojk`els.
N. nwnrc D. uenwnrc O. nrrjlnet B. kjbcst

Ẩ
>7. Rmcsc stnt`st`os jggcr gurtmcrZZZZZZgjr tmc so`cet`st‐s prjpjscb tmcjry.
N. prjv`s`je D. suppjrt O. jrlne`znt`je B. bjent`je

B
><. Rmcsc a`eb pcjpic l`vc tmc rcgulccs n pinoc tj stny neb cxpcot ejtm`el `eZZZZZZ
N. rcture D. cxpcesc O. nwnrb B. vjiuetccr`sk
>=. Rmc Se`tcb Ent`je‐s GNJ jvcrsccs gjjbZZZZZZgjr pcjpic `e tmc wnr zjec.
 I
N. kcnis D. wnstcs O. orngts B. suppi`cs
>0. Mjw ijel mnvc yju dcce `etcrcstcb ZZZZZZZ cev`rjekcetni `ssucs: @t sccks tmnt yju mnvc bjec
yjur rcscnrom.

@
N. `e D. gjr O. w`tm B. jg
48. Gnocdjja neb
neb @estnl
@estnlrnk
rnk nrc twj pjpui
pjpuinr
nr ZZZZZZ ectwjra
ectwjra`el
`el s`tcs `e W
W`cten
`ctenk.
k.

O
N. sjo`ni D. sjo`ndic O. sjo`cty B. sjo`ni`zc
4>. Jur prjfcot mns rcoc`vcb n lcecrjus
lcecrjus nkjuet jg kjecy neb
neb gjjb grjk ne nejey
nejeykjus
kjus ZZZZZZ
N. jrlne`zcr D. knenlcr O. bjejr B. gjuebcr
44. Rmc onebic i`lmt`el cvcet `s tj ojkkckjrntc pcjpic wmj mnvc ZZZZZZZ

GG@
OJW@B->0.
N. b`c nwny D. b`c gjr O. b`c jg B. b`c jut
4?. @kpjrtcb ZZZZZZusuniiy ojst kuom kj kjrcrc tmne bjkcst`o
bjkcst`o tm`els.

J
N. scrv`ocs D. ljjbs O. jutojkcs B. ojesukcrs
42. \c sullcst
sullcst mnv`el n oorngt
rngt gn`r tj ZZZZZZ kjecy gjr tm tmcc rckjtc so
somjjis
mjjis..
N. r`sc D. rn`sc O. bj B. knac

E
43. Rm`s omnr`ty
omnr`ty pr
prjv`bcs
jv`bcs sup
suppjrt
pjrt ZZZZZZ uebcrpr`
uebcrpr`v`iclc
v`iclcbb pcjpic.
N. w`tm D. tj O. grjk B. je

ƨ
47. @t `se‐t
`se‐t cnsy tj sct ZZZZZZ n dus`ec
dus`ecssss nt suo
suomm n yjuel nlc.
N. jgg D. gjrwnrb O. `e B. up

M
4<. \c nrc try`el
try`el tj bci`vc
bci`vcrr tmcsc gjjb neb kcb`
kcb`oni
oni ZZZZZZ tj tmc gijjbc
gijjbcbb nrcns.
N. kcnis D. prjlrnks O. guebs B. suppi`cs
4=. X`jeccrs `e so`ceoc nrc jgtce tmc jecs wmjZZZZZZjtmcr pcjpic tj stuby neb bcvcijp tmc`r
b`sojvcr`cs.
N. bco`bc D. `esp`rc O. jrlne`zc B. vjiuetccr

PE
40. Omjjsc tmc jpt`je tmnt dcst ojkpictcs tmc scetceocs.
Rmu6 \mnt mns tm`s Fjd Muet`el lrjup bjec: Ine6 ZZZZZZZZZZ

S
N. @t mns mcipcb tmjusnebs jg ueckpijycb pcjpic g`eb fjds
D. Rmcy wnet yju tj l`vc tmck yjur `egjrknt`je suom ns quni`g`ont`jes neb cxpcr`ceoc.

^
O. Rm`s lrjup mns dcce not`vc gjr n ijel t`kc.
B. @ mjpc yju one bjentc tj mcip fjdicss pcjpic `e tm`s lrjup
?8. Omjjsc tmc jpt`je tmnt dcst ojkpictcs tmc scetceocs.

K
E`em6 ZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZ:ZZ:

Í
Iu`s6 @‐k ourrcetiy mcip`el tmck du`ib somjjis `e tmc ojuetrys`bc.
N. \mnt bjcs tmc omnr`ty bj: D. \my nrc yju vjiuetccr`el:
O. Mjw nrc yju mcip`el nt tmc tmc omnr`ty ejw B. Mjw kuom mmnvnvcc yju bjentcb:
tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je
Xnrt 76 Knra tmc je yjur neswcr
neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e

PA
kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb
uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
qucst`jes. (4)

?>. Rmc kn`e jdfcot`vc jg tm`s cvcet `s tj mcip pcjpic uebcrstneb kjrc ndjut oneocr.

ẨN. pji`oy D. bcv`oc

?4. Rmcy nrc pinee`el tj inueom ne nppcni gjr bjent`jes
O. `egjrknt`je
b jent`jes tj tmc omnr`ty.
B. n`k

B
N. sct up D. dr`el jut O. p`oa up B. tnac nwny

Xnrt <6 yjur neswcr

neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s)
wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC `e kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ec
uebcri`ecb
b
wjrb(s) `e cnom
cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el
gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
qucst`jes. (4)
 I
@
??. _mc bjcs vjiuetnry wjra gjr tmc Tcb Orjss twj bnys n wcca.
N. s`kpic D. `bcet`oni O. ojkkje B. gjrocb

O
?2. Rmnea yju gjr tnia`el tj kc. @t‐s rcniiy n kcne`elgui b`souss`je.
N. k`ejr D. s`le`g`onet O. csscet`ni B. pj`eticss
@bcet`g`ont`je
Xnrt =6 Crrjr @bcet`g`ont`je 6 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr
neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc
uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
tmc

G @
?3. Rmc
RmcN omnr`t
omnr`tyy prj
prjv`bcs
Dv`bcs cnrtmqu
cnrtmqunac
nac vv`ot`k
`ot`ks
O s gjr tckpjrn
tckpjrnry
B ry sm
smcitcrs.
citcrs.

JG
w`tm
?7. T`lmt ejw, ky a`bs vjiuetccr
vjiuetccr `e n sknii v`iin
v`iinlc
lc `e Onkdjb`
Onkdjb`n.
n.
N D O B

E
Nrc vjiuetccr`el
?<. Nii vjiuet
vjiuetccrs
ccrs nl
nlrccb
rccb tmnt `t wn
wnss jec jg tmc`r kjst nknz`el cxpcr`ceoc.
N D O B
cxpcr`ceocs
?=. @t‐s
@t‐s n omniic
omniicelc
elc gjr
gjr suom n d`l jrlne`
jrlne`znt`je
znt`je tj bj nrrnelck
nrrnelckcets
cets gjr
ƨ
gjr kcct`
kcct`els.
els.

M
N D O B
knac

Xnrt 06 Tcnb tmc

tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb
neb knra tmc icttcr
TCNB@EL

E
icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur
yjur neswcr smcct
`eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas
smcct tj

SP
K@__@JE
K@__@JENT@
NT@C_
C_ JG OMNT@R
OMNT@RP
P

^
Kjtmcr
Kjtm cr Rcrc
Rcrcsnsn qu`o
qu`oaiaiyy tr
trne
nesi
sint
ntcb
cb mcr
mcr onii
onii`e
`ell `etj
`etj ojeo
ojeorc rctc
tc no
not`
t`je
jess tj mcip
mcip tmc
tmc o`ty
o`ty's
's pjjr
pjjr.. _mc
_mc dcln
dclnee ne
jpce
jpce-n
-n``r somj
somjjiji neb
neb cstn
cstndi
di``smcb
smcb n (> (>)) ZZZZ
ZZZZZZ ZZZZZZZZ gj
gjrr tmc by`
by`el bcst
bcst`t
`tut
utcc `e n b`i
b`inp`
np`bnt
bntcb du`
du`ib`e
ib`ell smsmcc
ojev
ojev`e
`eoc
ocbb tmc
tmc o`ty
o`ty ljvc
ljvcre rekckcetet tj bjen
bjentc tc (4
(4)) ZZZZ
ZZZZZZ ZZZZ
ZZZZ mcr
mcr onus
onusc.
c. @e Jo
Jotj tjdc
dcrr >038
>038,, sm
smcc (?
(?)) ZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZ ZZ

K
onej
oneje`
e`on
onii rc
rcoj
ojle
le`t
`t`j
`jee gj
gjrr n ecw
ecw ojel
ojelrc rcln
lnt`
t`je
je,, tmc
tmc K`
K`ssss`j
`jen
enr`
r`cs
cs jg Om
Omnr
nr`t
`ty,
y, (2
(2)) ZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZ sm
smcc gj
gjue
uebc bcbb
w`tm
w`tm jeiy
jeiy n mneb
mnebguguii jg kc
kckdkdcrcrs‒
s‒kj kjstst jg tmck
tmck gjgjrk
rkcrcr tcno
tcnomc
mcrs
rs jr pup`
pup`is is gr
grjk
jk _t.
_t. Kn
Knry ry's
's _omj
_omjji ji..

Í
Ns tmc rnea
neas jg mcr ojelr lrccln
lntt`je swciicb neb bjent nt``jes pjurc rcbb `e grjk nr nrjjue
uebb @eb`n nebneb nororjjss tmc
lijd
lijdc,
c, tm
tmcc soj
sojpc
pc jg Kjtm
Kjtmcr cr Rc
Rcrcs
rcsn'
n'ss om
omnr`
nr`tn
tndi
dicc no
not`
t`v`
v`t`
t`cs
cs (3
(3)) ZZ
ZZZZZ
ZZZZZ
ZZZZZ
ZZZ cxcxpje
pjececet`
t`ni
niiy
iy.. Jv
Jvcr
cr tm
tmcc oju
ojurscrsc

A
jg tmc
tmc >038
>038ss nebneb >078
>078s, s, smc
smc cst
cstnd
ndii`smc
`smcbb n icpc
icpcrr oji
ojijey,
jey, ne jr jrpm
pmne
nenl
nlc,
c, n eurs
eurs``el mjkc
mjkc,, n gngnkk`iy
`iy oi`
oi`e`o
e`o
neb
neb n str`
str`el
el jg kj
kjd`d`ic
ic mcni
mcnitmtm oi`e
oi`e`o
`os.s.
(Tctrc`vc grjk mttps6//www.d`jlrnpmy.ojk/rci`l`jus-g`lurc/kjtmcr-tcrcsn )

>. N. noojkkjbnt`je D. mjkc O. mjusc B. du`ib`el

ẨP
4. N. grjk D. nt O. `e B. tj
?. N. wje D. ojkpctcb O. `evnbcb B. rjddcb

B
2. N. tmnt D. wmjk O. wm`om B. wmj
3. N. t`lmtcecb D. w`bcecb O. cxtcebcb B. cxpnebcb

I
Xnrt >86 Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el
gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur
yjur neswcr smcct tj
`eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes

@
Neec Grnea wns n Fcw`sm v`ot`k jg tmc Mjijonust aejwe gjr accp`el n b`nry jg mcr cxpcr`ceocs `e n
ojeocetrnt`je onkp. Neec wns djre `e >040 `e Lcrkney. _mc wns l`vce n b`nry gjr mcr >?tm d`rtmbny.

O
Nee stnrtcb tj wr`tc ndjut cvcrybny cvcets `e mcr b`nry, tm`els tmnt k`lmt nppcnr tr`v`ni i`ac wmnt smc ntc

@
jr nrlukcets smc mnb w`tm mcr kjtmcr. Dut intcr mcr b`nry mcipcb gjrk n p`oturc jg wmnt i`gc wns i`ac
bur`el tm`s m`stjr`oni pcr`jb. \mce tmc Enz`s gjueb c`lmt pcjpic grjk Neec‐s gnk`iy `e tmc`r m`b`el
pinoc, tmcy
tmcy scet
scet tmck tj ojeocetrnt`
ojeocetrnt`je
s`stcr b`cb jg n b`scnsc oniicb ty
typm
je onkps.
onkps. Ns tmc ojeb`t`j
ojeb`t`jes
us fust n gcw kjetms
pmus
es `e tmc onkp
onkp wcrc sj pjjr,
pjjr, Neec neb mcr
kjetms dcgjrc \jrib \nr @@ cebcb. Neec‐s b`nry wns
snvcb dy jec jg tmc pcjpic wmj mcipcb mcr gnk`iy neb rcturecb tj mcr gntmcr, Jttj Grnea, tmc jeiy
mcr
G
 G
surv`vjr `e tmc gnk`iy. Mc bco`bcb tj pudi`sm tmc b`nry, rcni`z`el Neec‐s brcnk jg dcojk`el n gnkjus
nutmjr. _`eoc `t wns g`rst pudi`smcb, mcr b`nry mns sjib k`ii`jes jg ojp`cs wjribw`bc neb dcce trnesintcb

E J
`etj kjrc tmne <8 inelunlcs. Rmc b`nry `s ne `kpjrtnet noojuet jg mjw Fcw`sm pcjpic wcrc trcntcb dy
tmc Enz`s. Jttj nisj pudi`smcb m`s bnulmtcr‐s b`nry `e tmc mjpc tmnt `t wjuib rn`sc rcnbcrs‐ nwnrcecss jg
tmc bnelcrs jg prcfub`oc, b`sor`k`ent`je, mjst`i`ty, neb mntrcb nln`est jtmcrs.
>. \mnt `s tmc pnssnlc kn`eiy ndjut:
N. D`jlrnpmy jg Neec Grnea ƨ
D. Neec Grnea‐s b`nry
O. N
Neeec Grnea‐s gnk`iy stjr`cs
4. ’Rypmus‛ `s tmc enkc jgZZZZZZ
M B. Mjijonust

E
N. Neec‐s s`stcr D. tmc onkp O. n b`scnsc B. Neec‐s m`b`el pinoc
?. Rmc wjrb ’noojuet‛ `s OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el tj
N. n ddnnea`el nnrrrnelckcet D. n sj
sjo`ni kcb`n prjg`ic O. n wr`ttce bcsor`pt`je B. n g`ik
2. \mnt one dc `egcrrcb grjk tmc pnssnlc:
N. Rmc b`nry mcips rcnbcrs `knl`
`knl`ec
ec i`gc `e n ojeocetrnt`
ojeocetrnt`je
je onkp.
D. Rmc b`nry bcsor`dcs b`ggcrcet wnys tj bcni w`tm tccenlc prjdicks.

S P
O. Rmc b`nry wns snvcb dy Neec‐s gntmcr.

^
B. Rmc b`nry rcoc`vcs i`ttic rcojle`t`je wjribw`bc.
3. \mnt wns EJR kcet`jecb ns n purpjsc gjr tmc pudi`ont`je jg Neec‐s b`nry:
N. tj knac mcr brcnk jg dcojk`el n gnkjus wr`tcr ojkc truc
D. tj rn`sc tmc wjrib‐s nwnrcecss jg mjw bnelcrjus b`sor`k`ent`je neb mntrcb nln`est jtmcrs one dc

K
O. tj mcip pcjpic aejw kjrc ndjut mjw tmc Enz`s trcntcb tmc Fcw`sm pcjpic

Í
B. tj tcnom yjuelstcrs
yjuelstcrs mjw tj dcojkc gnkjus wr`tcrs
wr`tcrs
\T@R@EL

A
Xnrt >>6 \r`tc scetceoc
scetceocss us`el tmc prjkpts
prjkpts neb tmc Xrcscet Xcrgcot.

>. Rmcy/rn`sc/nwnrcecss/ojevcrsnt`je/488?.
Rmcy‐vc rn`scb nwnrcecss ndjut ojevcrsnt`je s`eoc 488?
Xcrgcot.

4.
McMc/wjra/omnr`ty/ 3 ycnrs.

BẨP
mns wjracb gjr tmc omnr`ty gjr 3 ycnrs.
?. \jrib \`ib Gueb/wjra mnrb/kney ycnrs/prjtcot/tmc cebnelcrcb spco`cs.
Rmc \jrib \`ib Gueb mns wjracb mnrb gjr kney ycnrs tj prjtcot tmc cebnelcrcb spco`cs.
2. Wjiuetccrs/ln`e/uscgui cxpcr`ceoc/drjnb rnelc/g`cibs.

Wjiuetccrs mnvc ln`ecb uscgui cxpcr`ceoc `e n drjnb rnelc jg g`cibs.

I
3. Jur onkpn`le/rn`sc/guebs/omnr`ty jrlne`znt`je.
Jur onkpn`le
onkpn`le mns rn`scb guebs gjr omnr`ty jrlne`znt`
jrlne`znt`je.
je.

@
7. Nejeykjus dus`ecsswjkne/bjentc/jec k`ii`je bjiinrs/tmc omnr`ty
Ne nejeykjus dus`ecsswjkne mns bjentcb jec k`ii`je bjiinrs tj tmc omnr`ty.

O
<. _mc/rue/omnr`ty/mjkcicss yjuel pcjpic.

@
_mc mns rue n omnr`ty gjr mjkcicss yjuel pcjpic.

G
=. _mc/bj/vjiuetnry
_mc/bj/vjiuetnry wjra/
wjra/Tcb
Tcb Orjss/>8 ycnrs.
_mc mns bjec vjiuetnry wjra gjr tmc Tcb Orjss gjr >8 ycnrs.

G
0. Guebrn`s`el/omnr`ty/dcojkc/kcne`elgui tm`els/cvcryjec/bj/mcip/ojkkue`ty.
Guebrn`s`el gjr omnr`ty mns dcojkc n kcne`elgui tm`el gjr cvcryjec tj bj tj mcip tmc
tmc ojkkue`ty.

J
>8. N ijt jg lcecrjus dus`ecsskce/knac/vniundic ojetr`dut`jes/mcip`el eccby pcjpic.
N ijt jg lcecrjus dus`ecsskce mnvc knbc vniundic ojetr`dut`jes tj mcip`el eccby pcjpic.
Xnrt >46 \r`t`el
\r`t`el ne cssny
cssny

E
\m`om `etcrent`jeni jrlne`znt`je wjuib yju i`ac tj wjra gjr: \r`tc ne cssny jg >=8 wjrbs tj
cxprcss tmc rcnsjes wmy yju omjjsc tmc jrlne`znt`je.

_XCNA@EL ƨ
 M
E
Xnrt >?6 Neswcr
Neswcr tmc qucst`jes
qucst`jes (i`ac pnrt > `e @CIR_ tcsts)-3
tcsts)-3

>. Mnvc yju cvcr wjra ns n vjiuetccr:

?. \my bj yju vjiuet

vjiuetccr:
ccr: P
4. \mnt a`eb jg wjra bj yju jgtce pnrt`o`pntc `e :

2. \mnt `s tmc kjst `kpjrtnet vjiuetccr not`v`ty `e jur nrcn:

^S
3. \mnt nrc tmc dcecg`ts jg bj`el vjiuetccr wjra:

K
Xnrt >26 Knac
Knac n prcscetnt`je
prcscetnt`je ndjut
ndjut n kcne`elgui
kcne`elgui omnr`ty wjra tmnt yju mnvc bjec
bjec

Í
A
P
Ẩ
B

@ I
RNXC_OT@XR
RNXC_OT@XR GJT I@_RCE@EL
I@_RCE@EL >

O
_tcvc Dnbt stnrts wjra cnriy, wm`ic
wm`ic kjst pcjpic nrc siccp`el. Mc supcrv`scs kcni prcpnrnt`je gjr kjrc

@
tmne twj muebrcb pcjpic. Dnbt icgt
icgt m`s fjd `e tmc rcstnurnet `ebustry scvce ycnrs nlj. Mc wnetcb tj

G
ojet`euc m`s cbuont`je neb bj sjkctm`el b`ggcrcet. Mc ejw wjras gjr K`r`nks A`tomce, n ejt-gjr-prjg`t
lrjup. @t mns dcce scrv`el kcnis tj mjkcicss kce neb wjkce gjr kjrc tmne twcety-g`vc ycnrs. Rmc

G
ljvcrekcet snys kjrc tmne tm`rty-s`x k`ii`je
k`ii`je Nkcr`ones bj ejt lct cejulm tj cnt. Kney
Kney nrc mjkcicss.
_RCWC DNBR6 "Nt scvce joijoa, wc w`ii jpce up tmc mjt (gjjb) i`ec, neb tmnt `s wmnt cvcryjec `s

J
wjra`el je. Rmcsc luys jvcr mcrc nrc ornoa`el clls, prcpnr`el tj bj sornkdicb clls. \c nrc kna`el
d`sou`ts mcrc. Rmcsc nrc orcnk d`sou`ts. Nejtmcr vjiuetccr (`s) je tmc lr`bbic w`tm mnk. \c mnvc mjkc
gr`cs jvcr tmcrc lj`el je. Neb, n gru`t sninb jvcr mcrc. Jur ljni `s dy
d y < n.k. tj mnvc nii tm`s rcnby tj
lj tj scrvc n mjt kcni. Rmc wjra `s ejt cnsy gjr tmc vjiuetccrs nt K`r`nks
K`r`nks A`tomce. Dut _tcvc Dnbt mns
n wn`t`el i`st jg w`ii`el wjracrs. Dnbt snys mc wnetcb tj omnelc tmc wny sjup a`tomces i`ac K`r`nks

ƨE
A`tomce jpcrntc. Mc wjuib i`ac tj knac tmck kjrc cecrlct`o, i`ac tmc rcstnurnets
rcstnurnets wmcrc mc wns trn`ecb.

M
E
P
S
 K^
Í
A
P
Ẩ
B
SE@R 36 LCEBCT C^SNI@RP
N- RJX@O WJONDSINTP
WJONDSINTP
>. niijw (v) /ɐˍinʆ/ omj pmàp
4. onk
onkpn`
?. onu
pn`le
onusnt
le (v) /aç
snt`vc
`vc vcr
/açkˍp
vcrd
kˍpcɦe/
d /ˍa
cɦe/
/ˍaɒ˘z
ɒ˘zɐtɦ
ɐtɦv/
v/
tmn
tmnk
k l`n
l`n,, tồ omỠ
ĞỐel tỡ elu
eluyæe
omỠoo om`
yæe emä
emäe,
om`Ẻe
Ẻe bềo
e, ĞỐel
bềom
m vẫe ĞỐe
ĞỐel tỡ amỚ`
ĞỐell
amỚ` pmî
pmîtt I
2. oj
ojk
kk`k`tttc
tccc (e)
(e) /a
/aɐˍ
ɐˍk
kɦtɦt`/
`/ Ửy dn
dne
e
3. cico
cicot`
7. cqun
t`je
cquni`
je (e)
i`ty
(e) /ɦˍi
ty (e)
(e) /`
/ɦˍica
/`ˍa
ˍawɔ
caʏe
wɔiɐ
ʏe//
iɐt`
t`//
sỾ dẬ
dẬu
u oừ
sỾ déem
oừ,, ouỐo
déem Ğếel
Ğếel
ouỐo dẬ
dẬu
u oừ

@ O @
<. lce
lcebc
=. pr
bcrr (e)
prjp
jpcr
(e) /ˍbʔ
/ˍbʔce
crtty (e)
cebɐ
(e) /ˍpr
bɐ(r
/ˍprɔp
(r)/
ɔpɐt
)/
ɐt``/
l`
l`ố`
ố` të
tè`
tëem
tè` sắe
sắe
em

G G
0. r`lmt (e) /rnɦt/
>8. vjtc (v) /vɐʆt/
quyỎe
dỊ pm`Ẻu, dẬu oừ J
>>. bci
bci`lm
`lmtcb
tcb (nb
(nbf)
f) /bɦ
>4. bctcrk`ecb (nbf)
/bɦˍtə˘kɦeb/
/bɦˍin
ˍinɦtɦ
ɦtɦb/
b/ mè` iôe
iôel,
l, vu` kỡe
kỡell
oƸƮel quyẺt, quyẺt täk E
Mƨ
>?. cxmnustcb (nbf) /ɦɮˍzɒ˘stɦb/ a`Ọt sỠo
>2. lrnt
lrntcg
cgui
ui (n
(nbf
bf)) /ˍɮr
/ˍɮrcɦ
cɦtg
tgi/
i/ d`
d`Ẻt
Ẻt Ʈe
>3. pnss`jentc (nbf)
E
eởel em`Ọt, sny kæ

P
>7. prjub (nbf) /ˍpçʏɐeɐt/ tỾ mèj

S
><. suppjrt (e) /sɐˍpɒ˘t/ sỾ Ửel mỐ
>=. nom`cvckcet (e) tmèem tỾu

^
/ɐˍtʏ`˘vkɐet/
>0. rcojrb (e) /ˍrcaɒ˘b/ aỀ iợo
48. stuetwjkne /ˍstʉ
/ˍstʉetwʆkɐ
etwʆkɐe/
e/ eỪ b`ểe v`æe Ğÿel tmẺ

4>. jwe (v) /ɐʆe/ sỚ mỪu

44. oj
ojkd
4?. sj
kdnt
sjib
nt (v)
ib`c
(v) /ˍaɔ
`crs
/ˍaɔkd
rs (e)
(e) /ˍsɐÍK
kdçt
çt//
/ˍsɐʆi
ʆibʔɐ
bʔɐz/
z/
Ğî
Ğîem
el
em em
elƸớ
emnu
nu,, om`Ẻ
Ƹớ`` ië
iëem
om`Ẻe
em,, qu
e Ğả
quäe
Ğảu
u
äe emäe
emäe
D. C]XTC__@JE_ A
C]XTC__@JE_ NEB JRMCT _RTSORSTC_

P
>. g`lmt gjr sjkct
sjkctm`el
m`el # g`lmt Om`Ẻe Ğảu vé Ğ`Ỏu lé # om`Ẻe Ğảu omỞel iẮ` Ğ`Ỏu lé

Ẩ
nln`est sjkctm`el
4. `e tmc kjuetn`es Rræe eö`

B?. je tmc dcnom

2. ict
ict sj
sjkc
kcdjb
3. wjra ns
djbyy bj sjkc
sjkctm
tm`e
`ell
Rræe dï` d`ỏe
Ęỏ n` Ğÿ iè
ièk
k lé
Ièk v`Ọo vố` tƸ oîom iè

7. dc nii
niijwc
jwcb
b tj bj sjk
sjkctm
ctm`el
`el ĘƸữ
ĘƸữoo pmà
pmàp
p ièk lé Ğÿ
<. k
knnac tmc omnelcs RẮj rn sỾ tmny Ğồ`

I
=. tn
tna
ac (dcttcr) onrc jg Omďk sÿo (tỞt mƮe) ; ijja ngtcr ; onrc gjr
0. tmneagu
tmneaguii (t
(tj
j sj
sjkcjec)
kcjec) gjr D`Ẻt Ʈe (n`) vé Ğ`Ỏu lé
Lm` omö6 tmƸớel ĞƸữo bðel Ğỏ b`ểe tắ oắk l`îo ne Ử` vè

@
sjkctm`el
d`Ẻt Ʈe kè dẮe oắk tmảy snu am` trắ` qun emỪel trắ`
elm`Ọk amÿ omều

>8. mnvc ne `etcrcst `e sjkctm`el Oÿ mỠel tmö vố` Ğ`Ỏu lé

@O
>>. picnscb ndjut Mè` iôel vố`
>4. brcnk ndjut
>?. lr
lrntcgui gjr
KƮ vỎ
D`Ẻt Ʈe n`/ Ğ`Ỏu lé

G G
Lm` omö6 Lrntcgui iè tỡ tmƸớel bðel Ğỏ eÿ` vỎ pmắe Ỡel

J
oỬn n` Ğÿ trƸốo kỐt sỾ từ tẺ, v`Ọo ièk l`öp ĞỮ
>2.ojelrntuintc sjkcjec je Omöo kỡel n` Ğÿ vỎ v`Ọo lé
sjkctm`el

E
>3. lj
lj je vnont`je Ę` elmỀ bƸỮel
>7. j
je
e tmc mjrsc Rræe iƸel elỾn
><. nnoot `e n kjv`c
>=. je tmc kjje
>0. `e spnoc
Rræe kẼt trďel
Rrjel vŠ trợ
ƨ
B`ểe xuảt trjel kỐt dỐ pm`k

EM
48. smnrc sjkctm`el w`tm Om`n sằ Ğ`Ỏu lé vố`

\JTB GJTKNR@JE
P
S
WCTD EJSE NBF NBW
>. ojelrntuintc ojelrntuint`je(s)

^
onkpn`le
4. onkpn`le
onkpn`lecr ☶
?. cquni`zc (`e)cquni`ty (ue)cquni (ue)cquniiy

K
2. pnss`jentc pnss`je pnss`jentc pnss`jentciy
`etcrv`cw
3. `etcrv`cw `etcrv`cwcc ☶

AÍ
`etcrv`cwcc ☶
B ‟ LT
LTNKK
NKKNTNT
XNTR >6 @EG@E@R@WC_

P
- ĘƸữo sừ bợel Ğỏ l`ắ` tmë
tmëom
om ië bj omj Ğ`Ỏu lé mjẼo kợo Ğëom oỬn eÿ.
Cx6 \jkce wcrce‐t niijwcb tj vjtc `e >0>2.

Ẩ
Cx6 \jkce ojuib vjtc `e >0>=
GJTK

B
_nu kỐt sỞ ĞỐel tỡ (wnet, icnre, \c stnrtcb tj g`lmt gjr wjkce‐s
omjjsc, stnrt, nsa, mjpc,..) r`lmt
 ĘỐel tỡ eluyæe kạu oÿ _nu täe elỪ (J) trjel oäu Rmc ljvcrekce cett wnetcb wjkce
’tj‛ ĞƸữo lị` iè tj- tj spceb kjrc t`kc tna`el onrc
`eg`e`t`vc. jg tmc`r gnk`iy
ĘƸữo sừ bợel ..... _nu > sỞ bnem tỡ trỡu tƸữel Ğỏ dồ
suel elmĠn omj bnem tỡ I
\jkce wje tmc r`lmt tj vjtc `e
>048

@
ĘỐel tỡ eluyæe kạu amòel _nu ĞỐel tỡ omỀ am`Ẻk amuyẺt (one, \jkce ojuibe‐t jwe prjpcrty
oÿ ’tj‛ ĞƸữo lị` iè dnrc- ojuib, wjuib, smjuib, kust,...)

O
`eg`e`t`vc.
_nu emỪel ĞỐel tỡ eluyæe emäe (ict, Rmcy b`be‐t ict wjkce fj`e tmc
ĘƸữo sừ bợel... knac, mnvc) nrky

GG@
_nu ĞỐel tỡ omỀ emẫe tmỠo (scc, @ mnb tj wntom ky kjtmcr wjra
wntom, mcnr, gcci) vcry mnrb

XNTR 4 TCXJTRCB _XCCOM

- ĞƸữo sừ bợel Ğỏ tmuẫt iẮ` iớ` eÿ` oỬn kỐt n` Ğÿ trƸốo Ğÿ.
KỐt sỞ tmny Ğồ` oƮ dắe a
am`
m` tƸớel tmuẫt
J
E
@.
Am` omuyỏe tỡ oäu eÿ` trỾo t`Ẻp snel oäu eÿ` l`îe t`Ẻp oÿ emỪel tmny Ğồ` snu6
>. Oîo ĞẮ` tỡ

Oîo ĞẮ` tỡ RrỾo

ƨ L`îe t`Ẻp

M
t`Ẻp
_udfcot prjejues @ ElƸớ` eÿ` (Mc/ _mc/...)
(OmỬ elỪ)
Pju ElƸớ` elmc ( @/ \c/ Rmcy/...)

E
\c ElƸớ` eÿ` (\c/ Rmcy/...)
Jdfcot prjejues kc
P ElƸớ` eÿ` (m`k/ mcr/...)

S
(Räe elỪ)
yju ElƸớ` elmc ( kc/ us/ tmck/...)
us ElƸớ` eÿ` (us/ tmck/...)
Xjsscss`vc nbfcot`vcs
(Rëem tỡ sỚ mỪu)
ky
yjur ^ ElƸớ` eÿ` (m`s/ mcr/...)
ElƸớ` elmc ( ky/ jur/ tmc`r/...)

K jur ElƸớ` eÿ` (jur/ tmc`r/...)

Í
Xjsscss`vc prjejues k`ec ElƸớ` eÿ` (m`s/ mcrs/...)
(ĘẮ` tỡ sỚ mỪu)
yjurs ElƸớ` elmc ( k`ec/ jurs/ tmc`rs/...)

A
jurs ElƸớ` eÿ` (jurs/ tmc`rs/...)

P
Bckjestrnt`vcs tm`s tmnt
(ĘẮ` tỡ omỀ Ğềem)

Ẩ
tmcsc tmjsc

B
4. RrẮel tỡ omỀ tmớ` l`ne

RrỾo t`Ẻp L`îe t`Ẻp

Rjbny tmnt bny

Rje`lmt tmnt e`lmt

Rjkjrrjw tmc ecxt bny/ tmc gjiijw`el bny
Rjkjrrjw kjre`el tmc ecxt kjre`el
 Pcstcrbny tmc bny dcgjrc/ tmc prcv`jus bny
I
@
Nlj dcgjrc
Ejw tmce
Ecxt (Rucsbny)
Inst (Rucsbny)
tmc ecxt/ gjiijw`el Rucsbny

@ O
tmc prcv`jus Rucsbny/ tmc Rucsbny dcgjrc
Rmc bny ngtcr tjkjrrjw `e twj bnys' t`kc/ twj bnys intcr

J GG
Rmc bny dcgjrc ycstcrbny twj bnys dcgjrc
Mcrc tmcrc
?. Rmé oỬn ĞỐel tỡ IÐ@ ]SỘEL KờR RMÉ Rƪ
RƪƨEL
ƨEL ửEL
ửEL

Ræe tmé RrỾo t`Ẻp

E
L`îe t`Ẻp

ƨ
M`Ọe tẮ` - W(dnrc)/W(s,cs) - Wcb/ W (oỐ
(oỐtt 4)
ĞƮe Mc sn`b6 "@ i`vc
i`vc `e n d`l o`ty
o`ty."
." Mc sn`b (tmnt) mc i`vcb `e n d`l o`ty.

M
- nk/`s/nrc - \ns/wcrc
_mc sn`b6
sn`b6 "@ nk nt mjk
mjkc."
c." _mc sn`b (tmnt) smc wns nt mjkc.

^uî amỠ
ĞƮe
- Wcb/W (oỐt 4)
Xctcr sn`b6 "@ b`b `t dy kyscig."
- \ns/wcrc
-
E
Mnb + WX@@
Xctcr sn`b (tmnt) mc mnb bjec `t dy m`kscig.
- Mnb dcce

P
Knry sn`b6 "@ wns `e tmc pnra Knry sn`b (tmnt) smc mnb dcce `e tmc pnra tmc

S
inst _uebny." _uebny dcgjrc.

^
M`Ọe tẮ` Nk/`s/nrc + W-`el
W-`el \ns/wcrc + W-`el
t`Ẻp b`ểe _mc sn`b6 "wc nrc icnre`el ejw." _mc sn`b (tmnt) smc wns icnre`el tmce.

K
^uî amỠ \ns/wcrc + W-`el Mnb + dcce + W-`el
t`Ẻp b`ểe Mc sn`b6 "@ wns siccp`el tmce." Mc sn`b (tmnt) mc mnb dcce siccp`el tmce

Í
A
M`Ọe tẮ` Mnvc/mns + Wp4 Mnb + Wp4
mjèe Mc sn`b6 "_jkcjec mns stjice ky Á Mc sn`b tmn
tmntt sjkcj
sjkcjec
ec mnb stjice m`s dnl
tmèem dnl."

P
M`Ọe tẮ` Mnvc/mns + dcce + W`el Mnb + dcce + W`el

Ẩ
mjèe _mc sn`b6 "@ mnvc dcce wn`t`el _mc sn`b (tmnt) smc mnb dcce wn`t`el gjr kc gjr
tmèem t`Ẻp gjr yju gjr ? mjurs." ? mjurs.

B
b`ểe
RƸƮel in` \`ii/smnii + W(dnrc) \juib + W(dnrc)
ĞƮe Ine sn`b6 "@ w`ii onii yju tje`lmt." Ine sn`b tmnt smc wjuib onii kc tmnt e`lmt.

RƸƮel in` Nk/`s/nrc + lj`el

lj`el tj + W \ns/wcrc + lj`el tj + W
lẬe Mujel sn`b6 "wc nrc lj`el tj Mujel sn`b (tmnt) tmcy wcrc lj`el tj mnvc n
mnvc n pnrty ecxt wccaceb." pnrty tmc ecxt wccaceb."

ĘỐeltỡ
amuyẺt
One
t`kc."
Mc sn`b6 "@ one‐t ojkc je Ojuib Mc sn`b (tmnt) mc ojuibe't ojkc je t`kc.
I
@
tm`Ẻu
@@. Amòel tmny
tmny Ğồ` tmé ĞỐel tỡ

O
>. Am` ĞỐel tỡ tƸớel tmuẫt Ớ tmé m`Ọe tẮ` mjẼo tƸƮel in`

@
Wë bợ6 Mc snys6 "@ mnvc fust g`e`smcb ky wjra."

4. Am` ĞỐel tỡ tƸớel tmuẫt

tmuẫt Ớ tmé quî amỠ, oŠel amò
amòel
el oÿ tmny Ğồ` tmé ĞỐel tỡ trjel
trjel emỪel
trƸớel mữp snu
n. RƸớel tmuẫt k
kỐt
Ốt ssỾ
Ỿ tmẫt m`ỏe em`æe
em`æe,, kỐt oomäe
mäe ië
Wë bợ6 Rmc i`ttic djy sn`b6 "Kjtmcr's kjtmcr `s lrnebkjtmcr."
G G
J
d. Am` ĞỐel tỡ trjel oäu trỾo t`Ẻp oÿ oîo tmé6 quî amỠ t`Ẻp b`ểe aẺt mữp vố` q
quî
uî amỠ ĞƮe, quî amỠ
ĞƮe vố` quî amỠ mjèe tmèem, quî amỠ ĞƮe (Ğ` aík tmớ` l`ne oợ tmỏ)

E
Wë bợ6
Mc sn`b6 "@ wns bj`el ky mjkcwjra wmce ky kjtmcr onkc `e."

sn`b6 "@ wns djre `e 4888."

ƨ
M
o. Am` ĞỐel tỡ trjel oäu trỾo t`Ẻp oÿ6 uscb tj, smjuib, wjuib, ojuib, k`lmt, julmt tj, mnb dcttcr,
wjuib rntmcr

E
Wë bợ6 Xctcr sn`b6 "\c uscb tj lj g`sm`el `e tmc ngtcrejje."

b. Am` tƸớel tmuẫt kỌem ĞỎ Ƹốo kuỞe vố` ’w`sm‛ vè ’`g jeiy‛
Wë bợ6 Mc sn`b6 "@ w`sm @ wcrc tniicr."

c. Oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe ijẮ` 4, ?

S P
Wë bợ6 Mc sn`b6 "@g @ wcrc yju, @ wjuib npjijl`zc tj I`ebn."

^
I`ebn.
g. Oảu tröo
tröo66 "@t's (m`lm/ndjut) t`kc..."
Wë bợ6 Ky kjtmcr sn`b6 "@t `s m`lm t`kc yju wnsmcb tmc b`smcs."

Oîo ijẮ` oäu tƸớel tmuẫt

K
Í
@@@.
>. Oäu tƸớel tmuẫt Ớ bẮel
bẮel oäu aaỏỏ
Oòel tmỠo6 _ + sny(s)/sn`b + (tmnt) + _ + W
IƸu û6 sny(s) /sn`b tj sd

4.
A
Wë bợ6 Mc sn`b tj kc6 "Pju nrc ky dcst gr`ceb."

Oäu tƸớel tmuẫt Ớ bẮel

bẮel oäu m
mỊ`
Ị`
n. Oäu mỊ` PC_-EJ

Ẩ P
Oòel tmỠo6 _ + nsacb/wnetcb tj aejw/wjebcrcb `g/wmctmcr + _ + W

B
Wë bợ6"B`b yju lj w`tm yjur kjtmcr ycstcrbny:" nsacb mc.

d. Oäu mỊ` oÿ tỡ Ğỏ mỊ`

Oòel tmỠo6 _ + nsacb (+J)/wnetcb tj aejw/wjebcrcb + \m-wjrbs/mjw + _ + W
Wë bợ6Rmc tcnomcr nsacb6 "\my b`be't yju lj tj oinss inst Gr`bny:"
Rmc tcnomcr nsacb kc wmy @ mnbe't ljec tj oinss tmc Gr`bny dcgjrc.

?. Oäu tƸớel tmuẫt vố` ĞỐe

ĞỐell tỡ tmcj snu dẾel ĞỐel tỡ eluyæ
eluyæe
e tmỏ
- tcii/nsa sd + tj W6 dắj/yæu oẬu n` ièk lé
- nbv`sc sd + tj W6 amuyæe n` ièk lé
- prjk`sc + tj W6 mỠn ièk lé

I
- tmrcntce + ttjj W6 Ğc bjẮ ièk lléé
- wnre + sd + ejt tj W6 oắem dîj amòel eæe ièk lé

@
- `ev`tc sd + ttj
j W6 kớ` n` ièk lé
- rck`eb + sd + tj W6 emẪo emỚ n` ièk lé

O
- ceojurnlc sd + tj W6 amuyẺe amëom n` ièk lé
- jggcr + tj W6 ĞỎ elmề ièk lé

@
- nlrcc + tj W6 Ğởel û ièk lléé

G
2. Oäu tƸớel tmuẫt vố` ĞỐe
ĞỐell tỡ tmcj snu dẾel bnem ĞỐel tỡ
- noousc sd jg + W-`el6 duỐo tỐ` n` vé ièk lé

G
- nbk`t + W-`el6 tmỡn emẫe ièk lé
- bcey + W-`el6 pmỬ emẫe ièk lé
- npjijl`zc (tj sd) ggjr
jr + W-`el6 x`e iỜ` n` vé ièk lé
- dinkc sd gjr + W-`el6 Ğồ iỜ` omj n` vé ièk lé
-
ojkpin`e
ojegcss tj(tj sd) tmö
W-`el6 ndjut + W-`el6
emẫe ièk lépmèe eèe vỎ Ğ`Ỏu lé

EJ
-
- ojelrntuintc sd je + W-`el6 omöo kỡel vé ièk lé
- or`t`o`zc sd gjr W-`el6 omỀ trëom vvéé ièk lé
- `es`st je + W-`el6 amďel amďel ièk lléé
- jdfcot tj + W-`el6 pmắe ĞỞ` ièk lé
ƨ
M
- sullcst + W-`el6 lữ` ûû/ĞỎ
/ĞỎ elmề ièk lé
- tmnea sd gjr + W-`el6 oắk Ʈe n` vé ièk lé

E
- wnre sd nln`est + W-`el6 oắem dîj n` amòel eæe ièk lé

P
^S
K
Í
A
P
BẨ
XTNOR@OC
I@_RCE@EL
XNTR >6 G@II @E RMC DINEA_. Ojkpictc tmc ejtcs dcijw. \r`tc JEC \JTB JT N ESKDCT gjr cnom
neswcr.
@t w`ii dc (>) ZZZZZZ ycnrs dcgjrc wjkce nom`cvc (4) ZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZ cquni`ty. Rm`s `s noojrb`el tj tmc
tmc rcocetiy
rcicnscb neeuni Lijdni Lcebcr Lnp Tcpjrt grjk tmc \jrib Cojejk`o Gjruk. \jkce inl gnr dcm`eb kce `e

@ I
kney nrcns. Rmcy ourrcetiy cnre ndjut 48-?8 pcr ocet icss je nvcrnlc tmne kce. Jec rcnsje gjr tm`s `s tmc
inoa jg wjkce `e knenlckcet (?) ZZZZZZ. Rmc rcpjrt sn`b6 "\jkce st`ii ceojuetcr s`le`g`onet jdstnoics `e

O
tna`el je knenlcr`ni jr sce`jr jgg`o`ni rjics."
Rmc \jrib Cojejk`o Gjruk sn`b `ecquni`ty oijscb dy jeiy n sknii nkjuet tm`s ycnr. Rmc inrlcst lnp

@
dctwcce tmc scxcs wns `e pji`t`os. @t sn`b6 "Jeiy (2) ZZZZZZ pcr ocet jg tmc pji`t`oni lnp mns dcce oijscb, neb

G
ej ojuetry mns oijscb pji`t`oni ckpjwcrkcet lnps." Lnps st`ii cx`st `e mcnitmonrc neb cbuont`je. Rmc rcpjrt
sn`b6 "Rmc cquni ojetr`dut`je jg wjkce neb kce `s or`t`oni. (3) ZZZZZZ oneejt nggjrb tj ijsc jut je tmc sa`iis

G
jg mnig jg mukne`ty."

J
XNTR 46 KSIR@XIC OMJ@OC. Omjjsc tmc ojrrcot icttcr, N, D, O jr B.
Rmcrc `s ej pinoc gjr scx`sk `e jur wjrib `e tmc 4>st ocetury. Segjrtuentciy, tmcrc `s n ijt jg scx`sk `e
nii sjo`ct`cs. @t‐s sijwiy b`snppcnr`el `e kney ojuetr`cs. @e tmc S._.N. tmcrc nrc kney wjkce `e icnbcrsm`p
pjs`t`jes. Rmcrc wns nikjst n gcknic prcs`bcet. Rmcrc nrc gcknic icnbcrs `e kney ojuetr`cs. Bcsp`tc tm`s,

tmc`r sjo`cty
icnbcrs `s st`iigjr
neb bjcrs knic-bjk`entcb. @ tm`ea
tces jg tmjusnebs `t‐ii tnac
jg ycnrs. Rmntn wje‐t
wm`ic nii
ijelcr gjr jvcre`lmt.
omnelc cquni`ty tj@tojkc. Kcejeiy
`s rcniiy mnvc`edcce tmc
tmc pnst

ƨE
gcw bconbcs tmnt scxuni cquni`ty `s n scr`jus `ssuc. Dut jeiy `e n gcw ojuetr`cs. N ijt jg pinocs @‐vc dcce,
wjkce nrc bcg`e`tciy gnr dcm`eb kce. Rmcy cvce mnvc tj wnia dcm`eb kce.

M
7. Rmcrc `s ej p pinoc
inoc gjr scx`sk `e jur wjrib `e tmcZZ
tmcZZZZ
N. 4> ocetury
st O. 44eb ocetury

E
D. 48tm ocetury B. 4>st bconbc.
<. @e wm`om ojuetr
ojuetry, y, tmcrc nrc kney wjkce `e icnbcr
icnbcrsm`p
sm`p pjs`t`
pjs`t`jes:
jes:

P
N. @e tmc S._.N. O. @e W`ctenk
D. @e tmc S.A B. @e Ajrcn
=. Mjw ijel mnvc kce dcce tmc icnbcr
icnbcrss neb bjcrs:
N.
D.
0.
gjr
gjr >8
>888
gjr tce
88 yc
ycnr

@e n gcw ojuetr
nrss
tcess jg tmj
tmjusn
usnebs
ojuetr`cs,
ebs jg ycn
ycnrs rs
`cs, wmnt `s ``ss n scr`j
S
scr`jus
us ``ssuc
ssuc `e ttmc
O. gjr
B. gj
mc pn
pnst
gjr tm
tmju
gjrr tc
st ggcw
tce
jusn
snebs
ebs ycnr
e ycnr
ycnrss
cw bconbcs:
bconbcs:
ycnrss

N. scx O. sc scxu
xuni
ni cq
cqun
uni`
i`ty
ty

^
D. cquni`ty B. lcebcr

K
>8. Noojrb`el ttj j tmc rcojrb`el, w wmnt
mnt bj wjkce cvce bj rcintcb tj scx` scx`sk:
sk:
N. lj gjr
gjr n wn
wnia
ia w`
w`tmtm kc
kce.
e. O. bj mj mjususcw
cwjr
jraa

Í
D. wn
wniaia dcm`
dcm`eb
eb kc
kce. e. B. bj mj mjkckcwwjra
jra

A
IC]@OJ- LTNK
IC]@OJ- LTNKKNTKNT
XNTR ?6 XMJECR@O_
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc uebcri`ecb pnrt b`ggcrs

P
grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`j
prjeueo`nt`jee `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

Ẩ
>>. N. wjkce D. gjiijw O. ojeocetrntc B. prjfcot
>4. N. pn`r D. rn`e O. rn`sc B. N`k
>?. N. nbbrcss D. niijw O. trngg`o B. rurni
>2. N.bjentc D. onkpn`le O. cxmnustcb B. lrntcgui

>3. N.26prjub
XNTR _RTC__ D. ojuetry
ojuetry O. tmjusneb
tmjusneb B. Kjuetn
Kjuetn`e
`e

B
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc
`e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes

>7. N. onrccr D. lcebcr O. cquni B. d`ns

><. N. cerji D. rurni O. niijw B. prcgcr
>=. N.
N . ndnebje D. bcpcebcet O. prcgcrceoc B. cxmnustcb

I
>0.. N. oj
>0 ojkd
kdnt
nt D.
D.on
onkp
kpn`
n`lle O. supp
suppjr
jrtt B. rco
cojr
jrb
b
48. N. bci`lmtcb D. cxmnustcb O. knrr`cb B. bjentcb
XNTR 36 KSIR@XIC OMJ@OC
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el
qucst`jes.

O @
4>.. Rm
4> Rmcc `etc
`etcrv
rv`c
`cwc
wcrr nsa
nsacb
cb kc wm
wmntnt cx
cxpcr
pcr`c
`ceo
eocc gj
gjrr tm
tmcc fjd.
fjd.
N. bj yju lct D. b`b @ lct O. @ ljt B. yju ljt

@
44.. Rm
44 Rmcy
cy nsnsac
acb
b kc wmctm
mctmcr
cr @ wn
wnss wj
wjrra`
a`el
el .

G
N. ecxt bny ngtcrejje D. tmc ngtcrejje gjiijwcb
O. tmc gjiijw`el ngtcrejje B. tjkjrrjw ngtcrejje

G
4?."\m
4?. "\mcrc
crc mnv
mnvcc yj
yju
u dcce m`b
m`b`el
`el:",
:", smc nsa
nsacb.
cb. _mc nsa
nsacb
cb kc wmcwmcrcrc m`b
m`b`el
`el..
N. @ mnvc dcce D. mnvc @ dcce O. mnb @ dc B. @ mnb dcce

J
42. _m
_mc nsacb kc tmc scnt jr ejt.
N. `g / mnb jooup`cb D. wmctmcr / wns jooup`cb
O. `g / mns dcce jooup`cb B. wmctmcr / jooup`cb

E
43. Cxousc kc. Ojuib yju tcii kc :
N. wmnt t`kc `s `t D. wmnt `s tmc t`kc O. wmnt t`kc `t `s B. `t `s wmnt t`kc
47. Xctcr sn`b tmnt mc snw Knry tmnt dcnut`gui vnsc

4<. Rmc N.pji`oc

drcna tmck lctD. djut
rcnjg
a`etmc onr. O. drcna B. drjac

Mƨ
N. onuscb D. knbc O. nsacb B. jrbcrcb
4=. D`ii‐s w`gc bjcse‐t ict m`k lj tj tmc pnrty.

E
N. lj D. tj lj O. tj mnvc ljec B. wcet
40.. \m
40 \myy bj
bje‐
e‐tt yju
yju yjur
yjur sje
sje lj onkp
onkp`e `ell w`
w`tm
tm m`
m`ss oi
oins
nssk
sknt
ntc:
c:
N. pcrk`t D. niijw O. ict B. nbv`sc

P
?8..
?8 dr
drcn
cnb,
b, yju usuni
suniiyiy eccb
eccb gij
ijur
ur,, snit
snit,, neb
neb ycnst
cnst..
N. Knac D. Rj knac O. Kna`el B. Knbc

S
?>. @t `s `kpjr
`kpjrtnet
tnet tmnt kce smjui
smjuib b smnrc mjuscm
mjuscmjib jib tnsas ZZ ZZ tmc`r w`vcs
w`vcs..
N. tj D. w`tm O. gjr B. Nln`est

^
?4. \jk
\jkce ce nrc kjr
kjrcc i`a
i`aciy
ciy tj dc v`o
v`ot`k
t`kss jg Z ZZZ v`j
v`jice
iceoc.
oc.
N. bjkcst`o D.mjuscmjib O. mjkc B. gnk`iy
??. W`lbës G`eedjlnbÿtt`r, tmc gjurtm Xrcs`bcet jg @ocine, wns tmc g`rst wjkne `e tmc wjrib ZZZZ tmc g`rst gcknic
Mcnb jg _tntc `e >0=8.
N. cicot D.tj cicotcb O. tj dc cicotcb B. cicot`el

K
?2. Ljvcrekcets, jrlne`snt`jes, neb `eb`v`bunis kust wjra tjlctmcr tj nom`cvc lcebcr ZZZZZZ.
N. `ecquni`ty D.b`ggcrceoc O. cquni`ty B. s`k`inr`ty
?3. Fjds tmnt nrc trnb`t`jeniiy bjec dy wjkce nrc ejrkniiy ejrkniiy ZZZZZZZZZZZ fjds.
 Í
A
N. wcii-pn`b D.m`lm-pny`el O. wcii-pny`el B. ijw-pny`el
?7. SE@OCG snys tmnt ZZZZ tj cbuont`je `s jec jg tmc d`llcst omniicelcs gno`el om`ibrce `e Pckce ttjbny,
jbny,

P
cspco`niiy l`ris.
N. noocss D. lct O. ojeecot B. scnrom

Ẩ
?<. Kjrcjvcr, n inoa jg gcknic tcnomcrs ojetr`dutcs tj ijw ZZZZ jg l`ris `e somjjis.
N. cerjikcet D. nppi`ont`je O. pnrt`o`pnt`je B. lcebcr
?=. . @etcrent`jeni \jkce's Bny `s ne joons`je tj knac kjrc
kjrc ZZZZ tjwnrbs nom`cv`el lcebcr cquni`t
cquni`ty.
y.

B
N. kjvckcet D. prjlrcss O. `kprjvckcet B. bcvcijpkcet
Rwj gr`cebs Enk neb Ine nrc tnia`el ndjut tmc tjp`o jg lcebcr cquni`ty.
?0. Enk6 ’Bj yju tm`ea tmnt tmcrc nrc ney ffjds
jds wm`om jeiy kce jr jeiy wjkce
wjkce one jr smjuib bj:‛

Ine6nrc
N. Kce ’ dcttcr nt ocrtn`e
‛ fjds tmne wjkce.

D. @ nlrcc. Rm`s rcniiy bcpcebs je tmc`r pmys`oni strceltms neb prcgcrceocs.

O. \jkce neb kce smjuib ojjpcrntc w`tm cnom jtmcr.
B. Kce nrc jgtce gnvjurcb `e ocrtn`e fjds.

I
28. Enk6 ’\m`om lcebcr spcebs kjst jg tmc t` t`kc
kc smjpp`el:‛
Ine6 ’ ‛
N. _mjpp`el mns niwnys dcce ky mjddy. O. Djtm lcebcrs i`ac smjpp`el.

@
D. Kjrc neb kjrc pcjpic nrc smjpp`el jei`ec tmcsc B. @t bcpcebs je wmj accps tmc kjecy.
bnys.
XNTR 76 _PEJEPK
_PEJEPK Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je
je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R
`e kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el
gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

@ O
2>. Ejwnbn
Ejwnbnys,
ys, kney wjkce nrc nwnr
nwnrcc jg lcebcr prc
prcgcrceo
gcrceocs
cs `e gnvjur jg djys.

G
N. gn`i D. `lejrc O. bcey B. noaejwicblc
24. Kney ojuetr`cs ejw niijw neb ceojurnlc wjkce tj fj`e tmc nrky neb tmc pji`oc gjrocs.

G
N. pcrk`t D. gjroc O. knac B. prcvcet
XNTR <6 NERJEPK 6Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s)

J
JXXJ_@RC `e kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

2?. Rmc Se`tcb A`elbjk st`ii gnocs omniicelcs `e lcebcr cquni`ty.

E
N. gn`recss D. `ecquni`ty O. cvceecss B. cqu`i`dr`uk
22. \c smjuib ejt niijw ney a`eb jg b`sor`k
b`sor`k`ent`je
`ent`je nln`est wjkce neb l`ris.
N. `ecquni`ty D. mntrcb O. ued`nscb gcci`el B. `etjicrneoc

XNTR =6 CTTJT @BCER@G@ONR@JE

Knra tmc icttcr
ojrrcot`je N, D,
`e cnom jgO,tmc
jrgjiijw`el
B je yjurqucst`jes.
ƨ
neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs

EM
23. Lcebcr b`sor`k`ent`je smjuib dc ci`k`entcb gjr orcntc cquni jppjrtue`t`cs `e cbuont`je gjr cvcryjec.
N D O B
27. Bj`el mju
mjuscwjr
scwjra
a cvcry bny ``ss rcniiy djr
djr`el
`el neb t`rcb.

P
N D O B
2<. N wjkne `s bco`b`el tj vjiuetccr gjr n ijoni omnr`ty gjr mcip w`tm
w`tm tmc cev`rjekcet.

S
N D O B
LTNKKNT

^
XNTR 06
2=. ’@‐k sj mnppy @ wje tmc rnoc.‛ smc sn`b tj us.

20. ’\`ii yju ojkc tj ky pnrty

pnrty:‛
:‛ smc sn`b tj kc.

38. ’\mce wns yjur i`ttic djy djre:‛ sn`b tmc eursc tj Krs. D`elicy.

AÍK
3>. ’\`ii @ g`eb n fjd:‛, R`k sn`b tj m`kscig.

34. ’Bj ejt wr`tc je tmc wnii.‛ sn`b tmc tcnomcr tj tmc djys.

P
3?.
32. Rmc kcomne`o scrv`ocb ky onr inst wcca.

Ẩ
33.
37. @ nbv`scb yju tj put yjur kjecy `e tmc dnea.
3<.
3=. Rmcy tniac
tniacb
b `e tmc ecxt rjjk
rjjk..
30.
 B
78. Rmc oustjks jgg`ocr tjib m`k tj jpce m`s dr`cgonsc.

7>. Pju one usc ky onr `g yju wne

wnett tj.

@ w`ii ict PJS S_C KP ONT.

TCNB@EL
XNTR >86 OIJVC RC_R Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur

I
neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas
Mnrkgui lcebcr ejrks nrc pcrpctuntcb nt tmc m`lmcst icvcis. @e sjkc ojuetr`cs, tmcy dcojkc
cetrceomcb `e inws neb pji`o`cs tmnt gn`i tj upmjib ‟ jr tmnt cvce v`jintc ‟ l`ris‐ZZZ(3=)ZZZZ , i`ac inws tmnt

@
rcstr`ot wjkce grjk `emcr`t`el prjpcrty. Djys nisj suggcr ZZZZ(30)ZZZZZZZ lcebcr ejrks6 _jo`ni ojeocpt`jes
jg knsoui`e`ty one guci om`ib indjur, lnel v`jiceoc, b`scelnlckcet grjk somjji, neb rcoru`tkcet `etj

O
nrkcb lrjups.
Bcsp`tc knfjr murbics tmnt st`ii bcey tmck ZZZ(78)ZZZZZZr`lmts, l`ris rcgusc tj i`k`t tmc`r nkd`t`jes.
ZZZ(7>)ZZZZ tmc s`le`el jg tmc
tmc Dc`f`el Bcoinrnt`je neb Xintgjrk gjr Not`
Not`je
je `e >003 ‟ tmc kjst
ojkprcmces`vc pji`oy nlcebn gjr lcebcr cquni`ty ‟ tmc wjrib mns scce uecvce prjlrcss.

G @
Kjrc neb kjrc l`ris nrc nttceb`el neb ojkpict`el somjji, neb ZZ(74)ZZZZ nrc lctt`el knrr`cb jr

G
dcojk`el kjtmcrs wm`ic st`ii om`ibrce tmckscivcs. Dut b`sor`k`ent`je neb i`k`t`el stcrcjtypcs rckn`e
r`gc. Rcomejijl`oni omnelc neb mukne`tnr`ne ckcrlceo`cs nrc nisj ojegrjet`el l`ris w`tm ecw omniicelcs,

J
wm`ic jib
jib jecs ‟ v`jic
v`jiceoc,
eoc,
mttps6//www.ue`ocg.jrl/lcebcr-cquni`ty
3=. N. r`lmts D. lcebcrs O. ruics B.rjics

E
30. N. gjr D. grjk O. w`tm B.nt
78. N. cquni D. uecquni O. cquniiy B.cquni`ty
7>. N. Mjwcvcr D. Nitmjulm O. Dconusc B._`eoc

ƨ
74. N. gcwcr D. n gcw O. i`ttic B.icss

M
XNTR >>6 TCNB@EL OJKXTCMCE_@JE
Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc
ojrrcot neswcr
Lcebcr tj cnomstnrts
`ecquni`ty jg tmccnriy
qucst`jes
neb accps wjkce nt n b`snbvnetnlc tmrjulmjut tmc`r i`vcs. @e sjkc

E
ojuetr`cs, `egnet l`ris nrc icss i`aciy tj surv`vc tmne `egnet djys dconusc tmc`r pnrcets gnvjur tmc djys neb

P
eclicot tmc l`ris - cvce tmjulm d`jijl`oniiy, `egnet l`ris smjuib surv`vc `e lrcntcr eukdcrs.
L`ris nrc kjrc i`aciy tj brjp jut jg somjji neb tj rcoc`vc icss cbuont`je tmne djys
d jys dconusc jg b`sor`k`ent`je,

S
cbuont`je cxpcescs, neb mjuscmjib but`cs.
@e >003, ljvcrekcets nrjueb tmc wjrib s`lecb tmc Dc`f`el Xintgjrk Gjr Not`je, prjk`s`el tj tnac

^
spco`g`o not`je tj prcvcet b`sor`k`ent`je nln`est wjkce. Pct tjbny, kjrc tmne 28 ojuetr`cs mnvc inws wm`om
b`sor`k`entc nln`est wjkce neb trcnt tmck ns scojeb-oinss o`t`zces. @e kney ojuetr`cs, wjkce nrc
sudfcotcb tj v`jiceoc, wm`om tmc ljvcrekcet bjcs ejtm`el tj stjp dconusc tmc`r inws npprjvc prnot`ocs i`ac
'mjejur' a`ii`els, (wmcrc n wjkne `s a`iicb dy n gnk`iy kckdcr `g smc bjcs sjkctm`el wm`om `s tmjulmt tj

K
dr`el smnkc je tmc gnk`iy), knr`tni rnpc neb w`gc dcnt`el. @e scvcrni ojuetr`cs inws knac `t kjrc b`gg`ouit
gjr n wjkne tj dc `ebcpcebcet dconusc
dc onusc tmcy rcstr`ot wjkce's prjpcrty, ckpijykcet neb o`t`zcesm`p r`lmts.
Jut jg >.? d`ii`je pcjpic `e tmc wjrib i`v`el `e ndsjiutc pjvcrty, jvcr <8 pcr ocet nrc wjkce.
¼ Nt tmc prcscet rntc jg prjlrcss, `t w`ii tnac 238 ycnrs dcgjrc wjkce rcnom cquni`ty w`tm kce ns sce`jr
knenlcrs.

A Í
¼ \jkce mjib icss tmne 3 pcr ocet jg tmc tjp pjs`t`jes `e `etcrent`jeni jrlne`snt`jes i`ac tmc Se`tcb Ent`jes

P
neb tmc Curjpcne Se`je.
¼ Jg tmc >38 k`ii`je om`ibrce `e tmc wjrib nlcb 7->> wmj bj ejt nttceb somjji, jvcr 08 k`ii`je nrc l`ris. Jg

Ẩ
=<7 k`ii`je `ii`tcrntc pcjpic jvcr >3 ycnrs `e tmc wjrib, twj-tm`rbs nrc wjkce.
¼ \jribw`bc, wjkce's wnlcs nrc ?8-28 pcr ocet ijwcr tmne tmjsc jg kce bj`el ojkpnrndic wjra.
¼ Nvcrnlc mjuriy cnre`els gjr wjkce wjra`el guii-t`kc nrc >=% ijwcr tmne gjr kce wjra`el guii-t`kc `e

B
tmc SA, neb gjr wjkce wjra`el pnrt-t`kc, mjuriy cnre`els nrc 28% ijwcr.
¼ @e 4883 tmcrc wcrc 24,=?4 KXs `e tmc wjrib. >3.< pcr ocet nrc wjkce. Jeiy nrjueb 7 pcr ocet jg
ljvcrekcet k`e`stcrs wjribw`bc nrc wjkce.
¼ 388,888 wjkce b`c cnom ycnr grjk onuscs rcintcb tj prcleneoy neb om`ibd`rtm.
¼ @e tmc >3-28 nlc rnelc, <3 pcr ocet kjrc wjkce b`c tmne kce.

¼ _jkc 48> k`ii`je wjkce, kjst jg tmck `e bcvcijp`el ojuetr`cs, st`ii mnvc ej noocss tj ojetrnocpt`vc
scrv`ocs.
¼ Sepineecb d`rtms, neb >.2 k`ii`je `egnet bcntms.

I
Grjk6 Nkecsty @etcrent`jeni \jkce's T`lmts \jradjja. (nbnptcb)

3=. @t `s stntcb `e tmc pnssnlc tmnt wjkce ZZZZZZZZ .

@
N. nrc trcntcb ns tmc g`rst ‟oinss o`t`zces
D. nrc gnvjurcb jvcr kce

O
O. nrc wcii- prjtcotcb dy inws
B. nrc tmc tnrlct jg v`jiceoc

@
30. Noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc, djys ZZZZZZZZ .
N. smjuib surv`vc `e lrcntcr eukdcrs d`jijl`oniiy
D. nrc i`aciy tj surv`vc tmne l`ris
O. nrc kjrc i`aciy tj brjp jut jg somjji

G G
B. rcoc`vc icss cbuont`je tmne l`ris.

J
78. \mnt `s EJR kcet`jecb ns n gnot ndjut wjkce noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc:
N. jvcr <8 pcr ocet wjkce nrc i`v`el `e pjvcrty
D. 388,888 wjkce b`c cnom ycnr grjk onuscs rcintcb tj prcleneoy neb om`ibd`rtm.

E
O. Nt tmc prcscet rntc jg prjlrcss, `t w`ii tnac 238 ycnrs dcgjrc wjkce rcnom cquni`ty w`tm kce ns sce`jr
knenlcrs.
B. \jkce's wnlcs nrc ?8-28 pcr ocet m`lmcr tmne tmjsc jg kce bj`el ojkpnrndic wjra.

ƨ
7>
7>.. Rm
Rmcc wj rb ’gnvjur‛ `e tmc pnssnlc `s oijscst `e kcne`el tj ZZZZZZZZ .
wjrb
N. prcgcr D. b`sor`k`entc O. suppjrt B. tnac onrc jg

M
74. \m`om `s tmc dcst t`tic gjr tmc pnssnlc:
N. \mnt \jkce‐s Ojevcrsnt`jeni Rjp`os Nrc.
D. Lijdni Lcebcr @ecquni`ty neb `ts ojescquceocs.
O. Lijdni Lcebcr Cquni`ty neb `ts cggcots.

B. Gnots ndjut \jkce Nrjueb Rmc \jrib

\T@R@EL
XNTR >46 RTNE_GJTKNR@JE
jecs.
S P E
RTNE_GJTKNR@JE Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`el jg tmc l`vce

^
7?. Rmc ljvcrekcet smjuib orcntc kjrc fjd jppjrtue` t`cs gjr wjkce `e rurni nrcns. (orcntcb)
jppjrtue`t`cs
72. \c nii jdfcot tj wnlc b`sor`k`ent`je. (prjtcst)
73. Mcnitm onrc `esurneoc smju ib dc prjv`bcb gjr cvcryjec.(noocss)
smjuib (noocss)
77. @e sjkc rurni nrcns, pnrcets st`ii prcgcr tmc`r sjes tj tmc`r bnulmtcrs. (gnvjur)

K
7<. _`elic-scx somjjis smjuib dc ndji`smcb dy tmc l jvcrekcet. (crnb`ontc)
ljvcrekcet.
7=. ’\juib yju i`ac tj ojkc tj ne nr nrtt cxm`d`t`je tjkjrrjw, Ine:‛ sn`b Rjk (`ev`tcb)

Í
70. ’Ojelrntuint`jes je w`ee`el yjur g`r st rnoc, Inurn.‛ sn`b tmc rcpjrtcr. (ojelrntuintcb)
g`rst
<8. Dce‐s pnrcets wcrc sj prjub jg m`k dconusc mc pnsscb nii m`s cxnks. (sj)
m`ss onr. (niijwcb)
<>. Ky gntmcr sn`b @ ojuib usc m`
<4. Ky inwycr sn`b @ smjuibe‐t sny neytm`el tj tmc pji`oc. (nbv`scb)

P A
XNTR >?6 \T@R@EL NE C__NP (>=8 \JTB_)

Ẩ
’Se`vcrs`t`cs smjuib noocpt cquni eukdcrs jg knic neb gcknic stubcets `e cvcry sudfcot. Rj wmnt cxtcet bj
yju nlrcc jr b`snlrcc:‛

WJONDSINTP SE@R 36 LCEBCT C^SNI@RP

N- RJX@O WJONDSINTP
>. niijw (v) /ɐˍinʆ/ omj pmàp

I
4. onk
onkpn`
pn`le
le (v) /açk
/açkˍpc ˍpcɦe/ɦe/ tmn
tmnkk l`n
l`n,, tồ omỠ
omỠoo om`
om`Ẻe
Ẻe bềo
bềom
m vẫe ĞỐe
ĞỐell
?. onu
onusnt
snt`vc
`vc vcr
vcrdd /ˍa
/ˍaɒ˘z
ɒ˘zɐtɦ
ɐtɦv/v/ ĞỐel tỡ elu
eluyæeyæe emä
emäe,e, ĞỐel
ĞỐel tỡ amỚ`
amỚ` pmî
pmîtt
2. oj
ojk
kk`
k`tttc
tccc (e)
(e) /a
/aɐˍ
ɐˍkkɦtɦt`/
`/ Ửy dn
dne
e

@
3. cico
cicot`
t`je
je (e)
(e) /ɦˍi
/ɦˍica
caʏe
ʏe// sỾ dẬ
dẬu
u oừ
oừ,, ouỐo
ouỐo dẬ
dẬu u oừ
7. cqun
cquni`
i`ty
ty (e)
(e) /`
/`ˍa
ˍawɔ
wɔiɐiɐt`
t`// sỾ déem
déem Ğếel
Ğếel
<. llce
cebc
bcrr (e)
(e) /ˍbʔ
/ˍbʔce
cebɐ
bɐ(r(r)/
)/ l`
l`ố`
ố` tëem
tëem
=. pr
prjp
jpcr
crtty (e)
(e) /ˍpr
/ˍprɔp
ɔpɐtɐt`/
`/ tè`
tè` sắe
sắe
 0. r`lmt (e) /rnɦt/ quyỎe
@ O
G
>8. vjtc (v) /vɐʆt/ dỊ pm`Ẻu, dẬu oừ
>>. bci`
bci`lm
lmtc
tcb
b (n
(nbf
bf)) /bɦ
/bɦˍiˍinɦ
nɦtɦ
tɦb/
b/ mè`
mè` iô
iôel
el,, vu
vu`` kỡ
kỡel
el
>4. bctcrk`ecb (nbf) oƸƮel quyẺt, quyẺt täk
/bɦˍtə˘kɦeb/

JG
>?. cxm
cxmnus
nustcb
tcb (nb
(nbf)
f) /ɦɮˍ
/ɦɮˍzɒ˘s
zɒ˘stɦb
tɦb// a`Ọ
a`Ọtt sỠo
>2. lrntcgui (nbf) /ˍɮrcɦtgi/ d`ẺẺt Ʈe
d`
>3. pnss`jentc (nbf) eởel em`Ọt, sny kæ
>7. prjub (nbf) /ˍpçʏɐeɐt/
><. suppjrt (e) /sɐˍpɒ˘t/
tỾ mèj
sỾ Ửel mỐ
E
ƨ
>=. nom`cvckcet (e) tmèem tỾu
/ɐˍtʏ`˘vkɐet/

M
>0. rcojrb (e) /ˍrcaɒ˘b/ aỀ iợo
48. stuetwjkne /ˍstʉ /ˍstʉetwʆkɐ
etwʆkɐe/ e/ eỪ b`ểe v`æe Ğÿel tmẺ

E
4>. jwe (v) /ɐʆe/ sỚ mỪu
44. oj
ojkd
kdnt nt (v)
(v) /ˍaɔ
/ˍaɔkd
kdçtçt// Ğî
Ğîem
em em
emnunu,, om`Ẻ
om`Ẻe
e Ğả
Ğảu
u
4?. sj
sjib
ib`c
`crs
rs (e)
(e) /ˍsɐ
/ˍsɐʆi
ʆibʔɐ
bʔɐz/
z/ el
elƸớ
Ƹớ`` ië
iëem
em,, qu
quäe
äe emäe
emäe
D. C]XTC__@JE_
C]XTC__@JE_ NEB JRMCT _RTSORSTC_

S P
>. g`lmt gjr sjkct
sjkctm`el
m`el # g`lmt Om`Ẻe Ğảu vé Ğ`Ỏu lé # om`Ẻe Ğảu omỞel iẮ` Ğ`Ỏu lé
nln`est sjkctm`el

^
4. `e tmc kjuetn`es Rræe eö`
?. je tmc dcnom Rræe dï` d`ỏe
2. ict
ict sj
sjkc
kcdjb
djbyy bj sjkc
sjkctm
tm`e
`ell Ęỏ n` Ğÿ iè
ièk
k lé
3. wjra ns
K Ièk v`Ọo vố` tƸ oîom iè

Í
7. dc nii
niijwc
jwcb
b tj bj sjk
sjkctm
ctm`el
`el ĘƸữ
ĘƸữoo pmà
pmàp
p ièk lé Ğÿ

A
<. k
knnac tmc omnelcs RẮj rn sỾ tmny Ğồ`

=. tn
tna
ac (dcttcr) onrc jg Omďk sÿo (tỞt mƮe) ; ijja ngtcr ; onrc gjr
0. tmneagu
tmneaguii (t
(tj
j sj
sjkcjec)
kcjec) gjr D`Ẻt Ʈe (n`) vé Ğ`Ỏu lé
sjkctm`el Lm`
d`Ẻt omö
6 tmƸớel ĞƸữo bðel Ğỏ b`ểe tắ oắk l`îo ne Ử` vè

Ẩ P
Ʈe kè dẮe oắk tmảy snu am` trắ` qun emỪel trắ`
elm`Ọk amÿ omều

B
>8. mnvc ne `etcrcst `e sjkctm`el Oÿ mỠel tmö vố` Ğ`Ỏu lé
>>. picnscb ndjut Mè` iôel vố`
>4. brcnk ndjut KƮ vỎ

>?. lr
lrntcgui gjr D`Ẻt Ʈe n`/ Ğ`Ỏu lé
Lm` omö6 Lrntcgui iè tỡ tmƸớel bðel Ğỏ eÿ` vỎ pmắe Ỡel

>2.ojelrntuintc sjkcjec je oỬn

Omöon`kỡel
Ğÿ trƸốo
n` ĞÿkỐt sỾ từlétẺ, v`Ọo ièk l`öp ĞỮ
vỎ v`Ọo
sjkctm`el
>3. lj
lj je vnont`je Ę` elmỀ bƸỮel
I
@
>7. j
je
e tmc mjrsc Rræe iƸel elỾn

O
><. nnoot `e n kjv`c B`ểe xuảt trjel kỐt dỐ pm`k

@
>=. je tmc kjje Rræe kẼt trďel

G
>0. `e spnoc Rrjel vŠ trợ
48. smnrc sjkctm`el w`tm Om`n sằ Ğ`Ỏu lé vố`

\JTB GJTKNR@JE
G
WCTD
>. ojelrntuintc
EJSE
ojelrntuint`je(s)
NBF NBW
onkpn`le
 4. onkpn`le
onkpn`lecr ☶ EJ
?. cquni`zc (`e)cquni`ty
ƨ
(ue)cquni (ue)cquniiy

M
2. pnss`jentc pnss`je pnss`jentc pnss`jentciy
`etcrv`cw

E
3. `etcrv`cw `etcrv`cwcc ☶
`etcrv`cwcc ☶

P
B ‟ LT
LTNKK
NKKNTNT
XNTR >6 @EG@E@R@WC_
- ĘƸữo sừ bợel Ğỏ l`ắ` tmë
tmëom
om ië bj omj Ğ`Ỏu lé mjẼo kợo Ğëom oỬn eÿ.
Cx6 \jkce wcrce‐t niijwcb tj vjtc `e >0>2.
Cx6 \jkce ojuib vjtc `e >0>=

^S
GJTK
ĘỐel tỡ eluyæe kạu oÿ _nu kỐt sỞ ĞỐel tỡ (wnet, icnre, \c stnrtcb tj g`lmt gjr wjkce‐s
’tj‛ ĞƸữo lị` iè tj- omjjsc, stnrt, nsa, mjpc,..) r`lmt

K
`eg`e`t`vc. _nu täe elỪ (J) trjel oäu Rmc ljvcrekce cett wnetcb wjkce
ĘƸữo sừ bợel ..... tj spceb kjrc t`kc tna`el onrc

Í
jg tmc`r gnk`iy
_nu > sỞ bnem tỡ trỡu tƸữel Ğỏ dồ \jkce wje tmc r`lmt tj vjtc `e

A
suel elmĠn omj bnem tỡ >048
ĘỐel tỡ eluyæe kạu amòel _nu ĞỐel tỡ omỀ am`Ẻk amuyẺt (one, \jkce ojuibe‐t jwe prjpcrty
oÿ ’tj‛ ĞƸữo lị` iè dnrc- ojuib, wjuib, smjuib, kust,...)

P
`eg`e`t`vc. _nu emỪel ĞỐel tỡ eluyæe emäe (ict, Rmcy b`be‐t ict wjkce fj`e tmc
ĘƸữo sừ bợel... knac, mnvc) nrky
_nu ĞỐel tỡ omỀ emẫe tmỠo (scc, @ mnb tj wntom ky kjtmcr wjra
wntom, mcnr, gcci) vcry mnrb

-
@.
BẨ
XNTR 4 TCXJTRCB _XCCOM
ĞƸữo sừ bợel Ğỏ tmuẫt iẮ` iớ` eÿ` oỬn kỐt n` Ğÿ trƸốo Ğÿ.
KỐt sỞ tmny Ğồ` oƮ dắe a
am`
m` tƸớel tmuẫt
Am` omuyỏe tỡ oäu eÿ` trỾo t`Ẻp snel oäu eÿ` l`îe t`Ẻp oÿ emỪel tmny Ğồ` snu6

>. Oîo ĞẮ` tỡ

Oîo ĞẮ` tỡ RrỾo L`îe t`Ẻp

t`Ẻp
_udfcot prjejues
(OmỬ elỪ) @ ElƸớ` eÿ` (Mc/ _mc/...)

@ I
Pju ElƸớ` elmc ( @/ \c/ Rmcy/...)
\c ElƸớ` eÿ` (\c/ Rmcy/...)

O
Jdfcot prjejues kc ElƸớ` eÿ` (m`k/ mcr/...)

@
(Räe elỪ)
yju ElƸớ` elmc ( kc/ us/ tmck/...)

Xjsscss`vc nbfcot`vcs
(Rëem tỡ sỚ mỪu)
us
ky
ElƸớ` eÿ` (us/ tmck/...)
ElƸớ` eÿ` (m`s/ mcr/...)
G G
J
yjur ElƸớ` elmc ( ky/ jur/ tmc`r/...)
jur ElƸớ` eÿ` (jur/ tmc`r/...)
Xjsscss`vc prjejues k`ec ElƸớ` eÿ` (m`s/ mcrs/...)
(ĘẮ` tỡ sỚ mỪu)

ƨE
yjurs ElƸớ` elmc ( k`ec/ jurs/ tmc`rs/...)
jurs ElƸớ` eÿ` (jurs/ tmc`rs/...)

M
Bckjestrnt`vcs tm`s tmnt
(ĘẮ` tỡ omỀ Ğềem)
tmcsc tmjsc

4. RrẮel tỡ omỀ tmớ` l`ne E

 RrỾo t`Ẻp
P L`îe t`Ẻp

S
Rjbny tmnt bny
Rje`lmt tmnt e`lmt

Rjkjrrjw tmc ecxt bny/ tmc gjiijw`el bny

Rjkjrrjw kjre`el
Pcstcrbny
K ^ tmc ecxt kjre`el
tmc bny dcgjrc/ tmc prcv`jus bny
Nlj
Í dcgjrc

A
Ejw tmce
Ecxt (Rucsbny) tmc ecxt/ gjiijw`el Rucsbny
Inst (Rucsbny)
P tmc prcv`jus Rucsbny/ tmc Rucsbny dcgjrc

Ẩ
Rmc bny ngtcr tjkjrrjw `e twj bnys' t`kc/ twj bnys intcr
Rmc bny dcgjrc ycstcrbny twj bnys dcgjrc

Mcrc tmcrc

B
?. Rmé oỬn ĞỐel tỡ IÐ@ ]SỘEL KờR RMÉ Rƪ
RƪƨEL
ƨEL ửEL
ửEL

Ræe tmé RrỾo t`Ẻp L`îe t`Ẻp

M`Ọe tẮ` ĞƮe - W(dnrc)/W(s,cs) - Wcb/ W (oỐt
(oỐt 4)
Mc sn`b6 "@ i`vc
i`vc `e n d`l o`ty
o`ty."
." Mc sn`b (tmnt) mc i`vcb `e n d`l o`ty.

I
- nk/`s/nrc - \ns/wcrc
_mc sn`b6
sn`b6 "@ nk nt mjk
mjkc."
c." _mc sn`b (tmnt) smc wns nt mjkc.

Wcb/W (oỐt 4) Mnb + WX@@

@
^uî amỠ ĞƮe - -

O
Xctcr sn`b6 "@ b`b `t dy kyscig." Xctcr sn`b (tmnt) mc mnb bjec `t dy m`kscig.
\ns/wcrc Mnb dcce

@
- -
Knry sn`b6 "@ wns `e tmc pnra inst Knry sn`b (tmnt) smc mnb dcce `e tmc pnra tmc

G
_uebny." _uebny dcgjrc.

M`Ọe tẮ` t`Ẻp Nk/`s/nrc + W-`el

b`ểe
W-`el
_mc sn`b6 "wc nrc icnre`el ejw."
\ns/wcrc + W-`el
G
_mc sn`b (tmnt) smc wns icnre`el tmce.

^uî amỠ t`Ẻp \ns/wcrc + W-`el

b`ểe Mc sn`b6 "@ wns siccp`el tmce."
Mnb + dcce + W-`el
J
Mc sn`b (tmnt) mc mnb dcce siccp`el tmce

M`Ọe tẮ`
mjèe Mnvc/mns
Mc + Wp4 mns stjice ky
sn`b6 "_jkcjec MnbÁ+ Wp4
Mc sn`b tmn
E
tmntt sjkcj
sjkcjec
ec mnb stjice m`s dnl
tmèem

M`Ọe tẮ`
dnl."

Mnvc/mns + dcce + W`el

M ƨ
Mnb + dcce + W`el
mjèe
tmèem t`Ẻp
_mc sn`b6 "@ mnvc dcce wn`t`el gjr
yju gjr ? mjurs."
E
_mc sn`b (tmnt) smc mnb dcce wn`t`el gjr kc gjr ?
mjurs.

P
b`ểe
RƸƮel in` \`ii/smnii + W(dnrc) \juib + W(dnrc)

S
ĞƮe Ine sn`b6 "@ w`ii onii yju tje`lmt." Ine sn`b tmnt smc wjuib
wjuib onii kc tmnt e`lmt.

RƸƮel in` Nk/`s/nrc + lj`el

lj`el tj + W \ns/wcrc + lj`el tj + W
Ậe

ĘỐeltỡ
^
Mujel sn`b6 "wc nrc lj`el tj mnvc Mujel sn`b (tmnt) tmcy wcrc lj`el tj mnvc n pnrty
n pnrty ecxt wccaceb."

One Mc sn`b6 "@ one‐t ojkc je

tmc ecxt wccaceb."

Ojuib Mc sn`b (tmnt) mc ojuibe't

ojuibe't ojkc je t`kc.
amuyẺt tm`Ẻu t`kc."
@@.
>.
Amòel tmny
Í
tmny Ğồ` tmé ĞỐel tỡ
K
Am` ĞỐel tỡ tƸớel tmuẫt Ớ tmé m`Ọe tẮ` mjẼo tƸƮel in`

A
Wë bợ6 Mc snys6 "@ mnvc fust g`e`smcb ky wjra."

Am` ĞỐel tỡ tƸớel tmuẫt

tmuẫt Ớ tmé quî amỠ, oŠel amò
amòel
el oÿ tmny Ğồ` tmé ĞỐel tỡ trjel
trjel emỪel

P
4.
trƸớel mữp snu
n. RƸớel tmuẫt k
kỐt
Ốt ssỾ
Ỿ tmẫt m`ỏe em`æe
em`æe,, kỐt oomäe
mäe ië

Ẩ
Wë bợ6 Rmc i`ttic djy sn`b6 "Kjtmcr's kjtmcr `s lrnebkjtmcr."

B
d. Am` ĞỐel tỡ trjel oäu trỾo t`Ẻp oÿ oîo tmé6 quî amỠ t`Ẻp b`ểe aẺt mữp vố` q
quî
uî amỠ ĞƮe, quî amỠ
ĞƮe vố` quî amỠ mjèe tmèem, quî amỠ ĞƮe (Ğ` aík tmớ` l`ne oợ tmỏ)
Wë bợ6
Mc sn`b6 "@ wns bj`el ky mjkcwjra wmce ky kjtmcr onkc `e."

sn`b6 "@ wns djre `e 4888."

o. Am` ĞỐel tỡ trjel oäu trỾo t`Ẻp oÿ6 uscb tj, smjuib, wjuib, ojuib, k`lmt, julmt tj, mnb dcttcr,

I
wjuib rntmcr
Wë bợ6 Xctcr sn`b6 "\c uscb tj lj g`sm`el `e tmc ngtcrejje."

b. Am` tƸớel tmuẫt kỌem ĞỎ Ƹốo kuỞe vố` ’w`sm‛ vè ’`g jeiy‛
Wë bợ6 Mc sn`b6 "@ w`sm @ wcrc tniicr."

c. Oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe ijẮ` 4, ?

@ O @
Wë bợ6 Mc sn`b6 "@g @ wcrc yju, @ wjuib npjijl`zc tj I`ebn."

G
I`ebn.
g. Oảu tröo
tröo66 "@t's (m`lm/ndjut) t`kc..."

G
Wë bợ6 Ky kjtmcr sn`b6 "@t `s m`lm t`kc yju wnsmcb tmc b`smcs."

@@@.Oîo ijẮ` oäu tƸớel tmuẫt

>. Oäu tƸớel tmuẫt Ớ bẮel
bẮel oäu aaỏỏ
Oòel tmỠo6 _ + sny(s)/sn`b + (tmnt) + _ + W
J
IƸu û6 sny(s) /sn`b tj sd
Wë bợ6 Mc sn`b tj kc6 "Pju nrc ky dcst gr`ceb."

4. Oäu tƸớel tmuẫt Ớ bẮel

bẮel oäu m
mỊ`
Ị`
E
n. Oäu mỊ` PC_-EJ

M ƨ
Oòel tmỠo6 _ + nsacb/wnetcb tj aejw/wjebcrcb `g/wmctmcr + _ + W

E
Wë bợ6"B`b yju lj w`tm yjur kjtmcr ycstcrbny:" nsacb mc.

d. Oäu mỊ` oÿ tỡ Ğỏ mỊ`

P
Oòel tmỠo6 _ + nsacb (+J)/wnetcb tj aejw/wjebcrcb + \m-wjrbs/mjw + _ + W
Wë bợ6Rmc tcnomcr nsacb6 "\my b`be't yju lj tj oinss inst Gr`bny:"

S
Rmc tcnomcr nsacb kc wmy @ mnbe't ljec tj oinss tmc Gr`bny dcgjrc.
?. Oäu tƸớel tmuẫt vố` ĞỐe
ĞỐell tỡ tmcj snu dẾel ĞỐel tỡ eluyæ
eluyæe
e tmỏ

^
- tcii/nsa sd + tj W6 dắj/yæu oẬu n` ièk lé
- nbv`sc sd + tj W6 amuyæe n` ièk lé
- prjk`sc + tj W6 mỠn ièk lé
- tmrcntce + ttj
j W6 Ğc bjẮ ièk lléé
- wnre + sd + ejt tj W6 oắem dîj amòel eæe ièk lé
-
`ev`tc
rck`ebsd++sdttj
j+W6tjkớ` n` ièk
W6 emẪo lé n` ièk lé
emỚ

Í K
-
- ceojurnlc sd + tj W6 amuyẺe amëom n` ièk lé

A
- jggcr + tj W6 ĞỎ elmề ièk lé
- nlrcc + tj W6 Ğởel û ièk lléé
Oäu tƸớel tmuẫt vố` ĞỐe
ĞỐell tỡ tmcj snu dẾel bnem ĞỐel tỡ

P
2.
- noousc sd jg + W-`el6 duỐo tỐ` n` vé ièk lé

Ẩ
- nbk`t + W-`el6 tmỡn emẫe ièk lé
- bcey + W-`el6 pmỬ emẫe ièk lé
- npjijl`zc (tj sd) ggjr
jr + W-`el6 x`e iỜ` n` vé ièk lé
 Ẩ
B
- dinkc sd gjr + W-`el6 Ğồ iỜ` omj n` vé ièk lé
- ojkpin`e (tj sd) ndjut + W-`el6 pmèe eèe vỎ Ğ`Ỏu lé
- ojegcss tj W-`el6 tmö emẫe ièk lé
- ojelrntuintc sd je + W-`el6 omöo kỡel vé ièk lé
- or`t`o`zc sd gjr W-`el6 omỀ trëom vvéé ièk lé

- `es`st je + W-`el6 amďel amďel ièk lléé

- jdfcot tj + W-`el6 pmắe ĞỞ` ièk lé
- sullcst + W-`el6 lữ` ûû/ĞỎ
/ĞỎ elmề ièk lé

I
- tmnea sd gjr + W-`el6 oắk Ʈe n` vé ièk lé
- wnre sd nln`est + W-`el6 oắem dîj n` amòel eæe ièk lé

@
G G @ O
J
E
ƨ
EM
P
S
^
K
AÍ
P
Ẩ
B
XTNOR@OC
I@_RCE@EL
XNTR >6 G@II @E RMC DINEA_. Ojkpictc tmc ejtcs dcijw. \r`tc JEC \JTB JT N ESKDCT gjr cnom

I
neswcr.
(>) 488
(4) cojejk`o

@
(?) pjs`t`jes
(2) 4?
(3) _jo`ct`cs

XNTR 46 KSIR@XIC OMJ@OC. Omjjsc tmc ojrrcot icttcr, N, D, O jr B.

@ O
Rmcrc `s ej pinoc gjr scx`sk `e jur wjrib `e tmc 4>st ocetury. Segjrtuentciy, tmcrc `s n ijt jg scx`sk `e
nii sjo`ct`cs. @t‐s sijwiy b`snppcnr`el `e kney ojuetr`cs. @e tmc S._.N. tmcrc nrc kney wjkce `e icnbcrsm`p
pjs`t`jes. Rmcrc wns nikjst n gcknic prcs`bcet. Rmcrc nrc gcknic icnbcrs `e kney ojuetr`cs. Bcsp`tc tm`s,

G G
tmc`r sjo`cty `s st`ii knic-bjk`entcb. @ tm`ea `t‐ii tnac n wm`ic ijelcr gjr cquni`ty tj ojkc. Kce mnvc dcce tmc

J
icnbcrs neb bjcrs gjr tces jg tmjusnebs jg ycnrs. Rmnt wje‐t nii omnelc jvcre`lmt. @t `s rcniiy jeiy `e tmc pnst
gcw bconbcs tmnt scxuni cquni`ty `s n scr`jus `ssuc. Dut jeiy `e n gcw ojuetr`cs. N ijt jg pinocs @‐vc dcce,
wjkce nrc bcg`e`tciy gnr dcm`eb kce. Rmcy cvce mnvc tj wnia dcm`eb kce.

E
7. Rmcrc `s ej p pinoc
inoc gjr scx`sk `e jur wjrib `e tmcZZ
tmcZZZZ
N. 4> ocetury
st O. 44eb ocetury
D. 48tm ocetury B. 4>st bconbc.

ƨ
<. @e wm`om ojuetrojuetry,y, tmcrc nrc kney wjkce `e icnbcr
icnbcrsm`p
sm`p pjs`t`
pjs`t`jes:
jes:

M
N. @e tmc S._.N. O. @e W`ctenk
D. @e tmc S.A B. @e Ajrcn
=. Mjw ijel mnvc kce dcce tmc icnbcr
icnbcrss neb bjcrs:
N. gjrgjr >8
>888
88 ycycnr
nrss O. gjr
gjr tm
tmju
jusn
snebs
ebs ycnr
ycnrss
D. gjr tce
tcess jg tmj
tmjusn
usnebs
ebs jg ycn
ycnrs rs B. gj gjrr tc
tce
e ycnr
ycnrss

PE
0. @e n gcw ojuetr
ojuetr`cs,
`cs, wmnt `s ``ss n scr`j
scr`jus
us ``ssuc
ssuc `e ttmc
mc pn
pnst
st ggcw
cw bconbcs:
bconbcs:
N. scx O. sc scxu
xuni
ni cq
cqun
uni`
i`ty
ty

S
D. cquni`ty B. lcebcr
>8. Noojrb`el ttj j tmc rcojrb`el, w wmnt
mnt bj wjkce cvce bj rcintcb tj scx` scx`sk:
sk:

^
N. lj gjr
gjr n wn
wnia
ia w`
w`tm
tm kc
kce.
e. O. bj mj mjususcw
cwjr
jraa
D. wn
wnia
ia dcm`
dcm`eb
eb kc
kce.e. B. bj mj mjkckcwwjra
jra

IC]@OJ- LTNK
IC]@OJ- LTNKKNTKNT

K
XNTR ?6 XMJECR@O_
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc uebcri`ecb pnrt b`ggcrs

Í
grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`j
prjeueo`nt`jee `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>>. N. wjkce D. gjiijw O. ojeocetrntc B. prjfcot
>4. N. pn`r D. rn`e O. rn`sc B. N`k
>?. N. nbbrcss D. niijw O. trngg`o B. rurni
>2. N.bjentc D. onkpn`le O. cxmnustcb B. lrntcgui
>3. N. prjub
PA D. ojuetr
etry O. tmjusneb B. Kjuetn`e

Ẩ
XNTR 26 _RTC__
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc
`e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes

B
>7. N. onrccr D. lcebcr O. cquni B. d`ns
><. N. cerji D. rurni O. niijw B. prcgcr
>=. N.
N . ndnebje D. bcpcebcet O. prcgcrceoc B. cxmnustcb
>0. N.
N . ojkdnt D.onkpn`le O. suppjrt B. rcojrb
48. N.
N . bci`lmtcb D. cxmnustcb O. knrr`cb B. bjentcb

XNTR 36 KSIR@XIC OMJ@OC

Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el
qucst`jes.

I
4>.. Rm
4> Rmcc `etc
`etcrv
rv`c
`cwc
wcrr nsa
nsacb
cb kc wm
wmntnt cx
cxpcr
pcr`c
`ceo
eocc gj
gjrr tm
tmcc fjd.
fjd.
N. bj yju lct D. b`b @ lct O. @ ljt B. yju ljt
44.. Rm
44 Rmcy
cy nsnsac
acb
b kc wmctm
mctmcr
cr @ wn
wnss wj
wjrra`
a`el
el .
N. ecxt bny ngtcrejje D. tmc ngtcrejje gjiijwcb
O. tmc gjiijw`el ngtcrejje B. tjkjrrjw ngtcrejje
4?."\m
4?. "\mcrc
crc mnv
mnvcc yj
yjuu dcce m`b
m`b`el
`el:",
:", smc nsa
nsacb.
cb. _mc nsa
nsacb
cb kc wmcwmcrcrc m`b
m`b`el
`el..
 @
42. _m
N. @ mnvc dcce
_mc nsacb kc
D. mnvc @ dcce
tmc scnt jr ejt.
O. mnb @ dc

@ O
B. @ mnb dcce

G
N. `g / mnb jooup`cb D. wmctmcr / wns jooup`cb
O. `g / mns dcce jooup`cb B. wmctmcr / jooup`cb
43. Cxousc kc. Ojuib yju tcii kc :
N. wmnt t`kc `s `t D. wmnt `s tmc t`kc O. wmnt t`kc `t `s B. `t `s wmnt t`kc
47. Xctcr sn`b tmnt mc snw Knry tmnt dcnut`gui vnsc

JG
N. drcna D. drcna`e O. drcna B. drjac
4<. Rmc pji`oc tmck lct jut jg tmc onr.

E
N. onuscb D. knbc O. nsacb B. jrbcrcb
4=. D`ii‐s w`gc bjcse‐t ict m`k lj tj tmc pnrty.
N. lj D. tj lj O. tj mnvc ljec B. wcet

ƨ
40.. \m
40 \myy bj
bje‐e‐tt yju
yju yjur
yjur sje
sje lj onkp
onkp`e `ell w`
w`tm
tm m`
m`ss oi
oins
nssk
sknt
ntc:
c:
N. pcrk`t D. niijw O. ict B. nbv`sc

M
?8..
?8 dr
drcn
cnb,
b, yju usuni
suniiyiy eccb
eccb gij
ijur
ur,, snit
snit,, neb
neb ycnst
cnst..
N. Knac D. Rj knac O. Kna`el B. Knbc

E
?>. @t `s `kpjr
`kpjrtnettnet tmnt kce smjui
smjuib b smnrc mjuscm
mjuscmjib jib tnsas ZZ ZZ tmc`r w`vcs
w`vcs..
N. tj D. w`tm O. gjr B. Nln`est
?4. \jk
\jkce ce nrc kjr
kjrcc i`a
i`aciy
ciy tj dc v`o
v`ot`k
t`kss jg Z ZZZ v`j
v`jice
iceoc.
oc.
N. bjkcst`o D.mjuscmjib O. mjkc B. gnk`iy
??. W`lbës G`eedjlnbÿtt`r, tmc gjurtm Xrcs`bcet jg @ocine, wns tmc g`rst wjkne `e tmc wjrib ZZZZ tmc g`rst gcknic

SP
Mcnb jg _tntc `e >0=8.
N. cicot D.tj cicotcb O. tj dc cicotcb B. cicot`el

^
?2. Ljvcrekcets, jrlne`snt`jes, neb `eb`v`bunis kust wjra tjlctmcr tj nom`cvc lcebcr ZZZZZZ.
N. `ecquni`ty D.b`ggcrceoc O. cquni`ty B. s`k`inr`ty
?3. Fjds tmnt nrc trnb`t`jeniiy bjec dy wjkce nrc ejrkniiy ZZZZZZZZZZZ fjds.
N. wcii-pn`b D.m`lm-pny`el O. wcii-pny`el B. ijw-pny`el

K
?7. SE@OCG snys tmnt ZZZZ tj cbuont`je `s jec jg tmc d`llcst omniicelcs gno`el om`ibrce `e Pckce ttjbny,
jbny,
cspco`niiy l`ris.

Í
N. noocss D. lct O. ojeecot B. scnrom
?<. Kjrcjvcr, n inoa jg gcknic tcnomcrs ojetr`dutcs tj ijw ZZZZ jg l`ris `e somjjis.

A
N. cer
cerji
jikc
kcet
et D. nppi
nppi`o
`ont
nt`j
`je
e O. pn
pnrt
rt`o
`o`p
`pnt
nt`j
`je
e B. lc
lceb
ebcr
cr
?=. . @etcrent`jeni \jkce's Bny `s ne joons`je tj knac kjrc
kjrc ZZZZ tjwnrbs nom`cv`el lcebcr cquni`t
cquni`ty.
y.
N. kjvckcet D. prjlrcss O. `kprjvckcet B. bcvcijpkcet
Rwj gr`cebs Enk neb Ine nrc tnia`el ndjut tmc tjp`o jg lcebcr cquni`ty.
?0. Enk6 ’Bj yju tm`ea tmnt tmcrc nrc ney ffjds
jds wm`om jeiy kce jr jeiy wjkce
wjkce one jr smjuib bj:‛
Ine6 ’
ẨP ‛
N. Kce nrc dcttcr nt ocrtn`e fjds tmne wjkce.

B
D. @ nlrcc. Rm`s rcniiy bcpcebs je tmc`r pmys`oni strceltms neb prcgcrceocs.
O. \jkce neb kce smjuib ojjpcrntc w`tm cnom jtmcr.
B. Kce nrc jgtce gnvjurcb `e ocrtn`e fjds.
28. Enk6 ’\m`om lcebcr spcebs kjst jg tmc t` t`kc
kc smjpp`el:‛
Ine6 ’ ‛

N. _mjpp`el mns niwnys dcce ky mjddy. O. Djtm lcebcrs i`ac smjpp`el.

D. Kjrc neb kjrc pcjpic nrc smjpp`el jei`ec tmcsc B. @t bcpcebs je wmj accps tmc kjecy.
bnys.

I
XNTR 76 _PEJEPK
_PEJEPK Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je
je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e
kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
2>. Ejwnbn
Ejwnbnys,
ys, kney wjkce nrc nwnr
nwnrcc jg lcebcr prc
prcgcrceo
gcrceocs
cs `e gnvjur jg djys.

@
N. gn`i D. `lejrc O. bcey B. noaejwicblc
24. Kney ojuetr`cs ejw niijw neb ceojurnlc wjkce tj fj`e tmc nrky neb tmc pji`oc gjrocs.

O
N. pcrk`t D. gjroc O. knac B. prcvcet
XNTR <6 NERJEPK 6Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s)

@
JXXJ_@RC `e kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

2?. Rmc Se`tcb A`elbjk st`ii gnocs omniicelcs `e lcebcr cquni`ty.

N. gn`recss D. `ecquni`ty
22. \c smjuib ejt niijw ney a`eb jg b`sor`k
N. `ecquni`ty D. mntrcb
O. cvceecss
b`sor`k`ent`je
B. cqu`i`dr`uk
`ent`je nln`est wjkce neb l`ris.
O. ued`nscb gcci`el B. `etjicrneoc G G
XNTR =6 CTTJT @BCER@G@ONR@JE
 EJ
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs ojrrcot`je
`e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
23. Lcebcr b`sor`k`ent`je smjuib dc ci`k`entcb gjr orcntc cquni jppjrtue`t`cs `e cbuont`je gjr cvcryjec.

ƨ
N D O B
27. Bj`el mju
mjuscwjr
scwjraa cvcry bny ``ss rcniiy djr
djr`el
`el neb t`rcb.

M
N D O B
2<. N wjkne `s bco`b`el tj vjiuetccr gjr n ijoni omnr`ty gjr mcip w`tm
w`tm tmc cev`rjekcet.

E
N D O B
LTNKKNT
XNTR 06

P
2=. ’@‐k sj mnppy @ wje tmc rnoc.‛ smc sn`b tj us.
_mc sn`b _MC \N_ _J MNXXP _MC MNB \JE RMC TNOC
20. ’\`ii yju ojkc tj ky pnrty
pnrty:‛
:‛ smc sn`b tj kc.
_mc `ev`tcb kc RJ OJKC RJ MCT XNTRP.

^S
38. ’\mce wns yjur i`ttic djy djre:‛ sn`b tmc eursc tj Krs. D`elicy.
Rmc eursc nsacb Krs. D`elicy \MCE M@_ I@RRIC DJP MNB DCCE DJTE.
3>. ’\`ii @ g`eb n fjd:‛, R`k sn`b tj m`kscig.
R`k wjebcrcb @G/\MCRMCT MC \JSIB G@EB N FJD.

K
34. ’Bj ejt wr`tc je tmc wnii.‛ sn`b tmc tcnomcr tj tmc djys.
Rmc tcnomcr tjib tmc djys EJR RJ \T@RC JE RMC \NII.

Í
3?. Rmc kcomne`o scrv`ocb ky onr inst wcca.
@ mnb tmc kcomne`o _CTW@OC KP ONT IN_R \CCA.

A
32. @ nbv`scb yju tj put yjur kjecy `e tmc dnea.
Pju mnb dcttcr XSR PJST KJECP @E RMC DNEA.

P
33. Rmcy tniac
tniacb
b `e tmc ecxt rjjk
rjjk..
@ mcnrb RMCK RNIA @E RMC EC]R TJJK.
37. Rmc oustjks jgg`ocr tjib m`k tj jpce m`s dr`cgonsc.
Rmc oustjk jgg`ocr knbc M@K JXCE M@_ DT@CGON_C.
3<. Pju one usc ky onr `g yju wne
wnett tj.

BẨ
@ w`ii ict PJS S_C KP ONT.
TCNB@EL
XNTR >86 OIJVC RC_R Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr
smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas

Mnrkgui lcebcr ejrks nrc pcrpctuntcb nt tmc m`lmcst icvcis. @e sjkc ojuetr`cs, tmcy dcojkc cetrceomcb
`e inws neb pji`o`cs tmnt gn`i tj upmjib ‟ jr tmnt cvce v`jintc ‟ l`ris‐ZZZ(3=)ZZZZ , i`ac inws tmnt rcstr`ot wjkce
grjk `emcr`t`el prjpcrty. Djys nisj suggcr ZZZZ(30)ZZZZZZZ lcebcr ejrks6 _jo`ni ojeocpt`jes jg knsoui`e`ty one
guci om`ib indjur, lnel v`jiceoc, b`scelnlckcet grjk somjji, neb rcoru`tkcet `etj nrkcb lrjups.
Bcsp`tc knfjr murbics tmnt st`ii bcey tmck ZZZ(78)ZZZZZZr`lmts, l`ris rcgusc tj i`k`t tmc`r nkd`t`jes.

I
ZZZ(7>)ZZZZ tmc s`le`el jg tmc
tmc Dc`f`el Bcoinrnt`je neb Xintgjrk gjr Not`
Not`je
je `e >003 ‟ tmc kjst ojkprcmces`vc

@
pji`oy nlcebn gjr lcebcr cquni`ty ‟ tmc wjrib mns scce uecvce prjlrcss.
Kjrc neb kjrc l`ris nrc nttceb`el neb ojkpict`el somjji, neb ZZ(74)ZZZZ nrc lctt`el knrr`cb jr

O
dcojk`el kjtmcrs wm`ic st`ii om`ibrce tmckscivcs. Dut b`sor`k`ent`je neb i`k`t`el stcrcjtypcs rckn`e
r`gc. Rcomejijl`oni omnelc neb mukne`tnr`ne ckcrlceo`cs nrc nisj ojegrjet`el l`ris w`tm ecw omniicelcs,

@
wm`ic jib
jib jecs ‟ v`jic
v`jiceoc,
eoc,

G
mttps6//www.ue`ocg.jrl/lcebcr-cquni`ty
3=. N. r`lmts D. lcebcrs O. ruics B.rjics

G
30. N. gjr D. grjk O. w`tm B.nt
78. N. cquni D. uecquni O. cquniiy B.cquni`ty

J
7>. N. Mjwcvcr D. Nitmjulm O. Dconusc B._`eoc
74. N. gcwcr D. n gcw O. i`ttic B.icss

XNTR >>6 TCNB@EL OJKXTCMCE_@JE

Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc

E
ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes

ƨ
Lcebcr `ecquni`ty stnrts cnriy neb accps wjkce nt n b`snbvnetnlc tmrjulmjut tmc`r i`vcs. @e sjkc
ojuetr`cs, `egnet l`ris nrc icss i`aciy tj surv`vc tmne `egnet djys dconusc tmc`r pnrcets gnvjur tmc djys neb

M
eclicot tmc l`ris - cvce tmjulm d`jijl`oniiy, `egnet l`ris smjuib surv`vc `e lrcntcr eukdcrs.
L`ris nrc kjrc i`aciy tj brjp jut jg somjji neb tj rcoc`vc icss cbuont`je tmne djys dconusc jg b`sor`k`ent`je,
cbuont`je cxpcescs, neb mjuscmjib but`cs.
 E
@e >003, ljvcrekcets nrjueb tmc wjrib s`lecb tmc Dc`f`el Xintgjrk Gjr Not`je, prjk`s`el tj tnac spco`g`o

P
not`je tj prcvcet b`sor`k`ent`je nln`est wjkce. Pct tjbny, kjrc tmne 28 ojuetr`cs mnvc inws wm`om
b`sor`k`entc nln`est wjkce neb trcnt tmck ns scojeb-oinss o`t`zces. @e kney ojuetr`cs, wjkce nrc sudfcotcb

S
tj v`jiceoc, wm`om tmc ljvcrekcet bjcs ejtm`el tj stjp dconusc tmc`r inws npprjvc prnot`ocs i`ac 'mjejur'
a`ii`els, (wmcrc n wjkne `s a`iicb dy n gnk`iy kckdcr `g smc bjcs sjkctm`el wm`om `s tmjulmt tj dr`el smnkc
je tmc gnk`iy), knr`tni rnpc neb w`gc dcnt`el. @e scvcrni ojuetr`cs inws knac `t kjrc b`gg`ouit gjr n wjkne tj
dc `ebcpcebcet dconusc tmcy rcstr`ot wjkce's prjpcrty, ckpijykcet neb o`t`zcesm`p r`lmts.

K ^
Jut jg >.? d`ii`je pcjpic `e tmc wjrib i`v`el `e ndsjiutc pjvcrty, jvcr <8 pcr ocet nrc wjkce.
¼ Nt tmc prcscet rntc jg prjlrcss, `t w`ii tnac 238 ycnrs dcgjrc wjkce rcnom cquni`ty w`tm kce ns sce`jr
knenlcrs.

Í
¼ \jkce mjib icss tmne 3 pcr ocet jg tmc tjp pjs`t`jes `e `etcrent`jeni jrlne`snt`jes i`ac tmc Se`tcb Ent`jes
neb tmc Curjpcne Se`je.

A
¼ Jg tmc >38 k`ii`je om`ibrce `e tmc wjrib nlcb 7->> wmj bj ejt nttceb somjji, jvcr 08 k`ii`je nrc l`ris. Jg
Jg =<7
k`ii`je `ii`tcrntc pcjpic jvcr >3 ycnrs `e tmc wjrib, twj-tm`rbs nrc wjkce.

P
¼ \jribw`bc, wjkce's wnlcs nrc ?8-28 pcr ocet ijwcr tmne tmjsc jg kce bj`el ojkpnrndic wjra.
¼ Nvcrnlc mjuriy cnre`els gjr wjkce wjra`el guii-t`kc nrc >=% ijwcr tmne gjr kce wjra`el guii-t`kc `e tmc

Ẩ
SA, neb gjr wjkce wjra`el pnrt-t`kc, mjuriy cnre`els nrc 28% ijwcr.
¼ @e 4883 tmcrc wcrc 24,=?4 KXs `e tmc wjrib. >3.< pcr ocet nrc wjkce. Jeiy nrjueb 7 pcr ocet jg ljvcrekcet
k`e`stcrs wjribw`bc nrc wjkce.
¼ 388,888 wjkce b`c cnom ycnr grjk onuscs rcintcb tj prcleneoy neb om`ibd`rtm.
¼ @e tmc >3-28 nlc rnelc, <3 pcr ocet kjrc wjkce b`c tmne kce.

B
¼ _jkc 48> k`ii`je wjkce, kjst jg tmck `e bcvcijp`el ojuetr`cs, st`ii mnvc ej noocss tj ojetrnocpt`vc scrv`ocs.
¼ Sepineecb d`rtms, neb >.2 k`ii`je `egnet bcntms.
Grjk6 Nkecsty @etcrent`jeni \jkce's T`lmts \jradjja. (nbnptcb)

3=. @t `s stntcb `e tmc pnssnlc tmnt wjkce ZZZZZZZZ .

N. nrc trcntcb ns tmc g`rst ‟oinss o`t`zces

I
D. nrc gnvjurcb jvcr kce
O. nrc wcii- prjtcotcb dy inws
B. nrc tmc tnrlct jg v`jiceoc
30. Noojrb
Noo jrb`el
`el tj tmc pns
pnssnl
snlc,
c, djy
djyss ZZZ
ZZZZZZ
ZZZZZ
ZZ .

@
N. smjuib surv`vc `e lrcntcr eukdcrs d`jijl`oniiy

O
D. nrc i`aciy tj surv`vc tmne l`ris
O. nrc kjrc i`aciy tj brjp jut jg somjji

@
B. rcoc`vc icss cbuont`je tmne l`ris.

G
78. \mnt `s EJR kcet`j
kcet`jecbecb ns n gnot ndjut wjkce noojrbnoojrb`el
`el tj tmc pnssnlc
pnssnlc::
N. jvcr <8 pcr ocet wjkce nrc i`v`el `e pjvcrty

G
D. 388,888 wjkce b`c cnom ycnr grjk onuscs rcintcb tj prcleneoy neb om`ibd`rtm.
O. Nt tmc prcscet rntc jg prjlrcss, `t w`ii tnac 238 ycnrs dcgjrc wjkce rcnom cquni`ty w`tm kce ns sce`jr

J
knenlcrs.
B. \jkce's wnlcs nrc ?8-28 pcr ocet m`lmcr tmne tmjsc jg kce bj`el ojkpnrndic wjra.
7>. Rmc wjrb ’gnvju ’gnvjur‛
r‛ `e
`e tmc
tmc pnssnlc
pnssnlc `s oijscs
oijscstt `e
`e kcne`el
kcne`el tj ZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZ .
N. prcgcr D. b`sor`k`entc O. suppjrt B. tnac onrc jg
74. \m`om
\m` om `s tmc dcst t`t
t`tic
ic gjr tmc pns
pnssnl
snlc:
c:

N. \mnt \jkce‐s Ojevcrsnt`jeni Rjp`os Nrc.

ƨ E
D. Lijdni Lcebcr @ecquni`ty neb `ts ojescquceocs.

M
O. Lijdni Lcebcr Cquni`ty neb `ts cggcots.
B. Gnots ndjut \jkce Nrjueb Rmc \jrib

E
\T@R@EL
XNTR >46 RTNE_GJTKNR@JE
RTNE_GJTKNR@JE Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`el jg tmc l`vce
jecs.

P
7?. Rmc ljvcrekcet smjuib orcntc kjrc fjd jppjrtue` t`cs gjr wjkce `e rurni nrcns. (orcntcb)
jppjrtue`t`cs
72. \c nii jdfcot tj wnlc b`sor`k`ent`je. (prjtcst)

S
73. Mcnitm onrc `esurneoc smju ib dc prjv`bcb gjr cvcryjec.(noocss)
smjuib (noocss)
77. @e sjkc rurni nrcns, pnrcets st`ii prcgcr tmc`r sjes tj tmc`r bnulmtcrs. (gnvjur)

^
7<. _`elic-scx somjjis smjuib dc ndji`smcb dy tmc l jvcrekcet. (crnb`ontc)
ljvcrekcet.
7=. ’\juib yju i`ac tj ojkc tj ne nrnrtt cxm`d`t`je tjkjrrjw, Ine:‛ sn`b Rjk (`ev`tcb)
70. ’Ojelrntuint`jes je w`ee`el yjur g`r st rnoc, Inurn.‛ sn`b tmc rcpjrtcr. (ojelrntuintcb)
g`rst
<8. Dce‐s pnrcets wcrc sj prjub jg m`k dconusc mc pnsscb nii m`s cxnks. (sj)
 K
<>. m`ss onr. (niijwcb)
Ky gntmcr sn`b @ ojuib usc m`
Ky inwycr sn`b @ smjuibe‐t sny neytm`el tj tmc pji`oc. (nbv`scb)

Í
<4.

ACP6
7?.
72 \c nii prj
prjtcs
A
Kjrc fjd jppjrtue`t`cs smjuib dc orcntcb gjr wjkce `e rurni nrcns dy tmc ljvcrekcet.
tcstt nln
nln`es
`estt wnl
wnlcc b`s
b`sor`
or`k`e
k`ent`
nt`je.
je.

P
73 Nii pcj
pcjpic
pic smj
smjuib
uib mnv
mnvcc noo
noocss
css tj mcn
mcnitm
itm onr
onrcc `es
`esurn
urneoc.
eoc.
77 Xnrcets `e sjkc rurni nrcns st`ii gnvjugnvjurr tmc`r sjes rntmcr tmne bnulm
bnulmtcrs.
tcrs.

Ẩ
7< Rmc ljv
ljvcre
crekcet
kcet smj
smjuib
uib crn
crnb`o
b`ontc
ntc s`e
s`elic
lic-scx
-scx som
somjji
jjis.
s.
7= Rjk `ev
`ev`tc
`tcb
b Ine ojk
ojkcc tj ne nrt cxm
cxm`d`
`d`t`j
t`jee tmc ecx
ecxtt bny

B
70 Rmc rcp
rcpjrt
jrtcr
cr oje
ojelrn
lrntui
tuintc
ntcbb Inu
Inurn
rn je w`e
w`ee`e
e`ell mcr g`r
g`rst
st rno
rnocc
<8 Dce pnss
pnsscbcb nii m`s cxn
cxnks,
ks, sj m`s pnr
pnrcets
cets wcr
wcrcc sj prj
prjubub jg m`k
<> @ wn
wnss nii
niijw
jwcbcb tj us
uscc ky gn
gntm
tmcr
cr‐s
‐s onr

<4 Ky
Ky gntmcr
inw ycrniijwcb
inwycr nbv`sc
nbv bkc
`scb kctj usc
ejt tjm`s
snyonr.
neytm`
ney tm`el
el tj tmc pji
pji`oc
`oc

XNTR >?6 \T@R@EL NE C__NP (>=8 \JTB_)

’Se`vcrs`t`cs smjuib noocpt cquni eukdcrs jg knic neb gcknic stubcets `e cvcry sudfcot. Rj wmnt cxtcet bj yju
nlrcc jr b`snlrcc:‛
_SLLC_RCB NE_\CT (@CIR_ DNEB 7.3)

I
Ejwnbnys, cbuont`je mns dcojkc ne clni`tnr`ne cev`rjekcet, `e wm`om cvcryjec mns tmc snkc r`lmts neb tmc
snkc jppjrtue`t`cs. _jkc nrluc tmnt `t smjuib dc kn`etn`ecb tmc cquni jg tmc lcebcrs `e cnom icoturc jg
ue`vcrs`t`cs. Xcrsjeniiy, @ tjtniiy b`snlrcc w`tm tm`s stntckcet. @t `s oicnr tj ejtc tmnt tmc snkc nkjuets jg
knic neb gcknic stubcets mnvc sjkc nbvnetnlcs.
G`rstiy, tm`s not`je one dc smjwe jgg ne clni`tnr`ne sjo`cty, `e wm`om cvcryjec mns tmc snkc onrccrs neb tmc
snkc pjwcr. Gjr cxnkpic, tmc wjkne one stuby gjr o`v`i cel`eccr`el ns wcii ns tmc kne.

O@
_cojebiy, tmc sustn`end`i`ty jg tmc cquni jg tmc lcebcrs w`ii `kprjvc tmc cgg`o`ceoy jg tmc stuby. @g tmc oinss mns

@
kney kce,

G
gjr cxnkpic, tmc wjkce wmj nttceb tm`s oinss w`ii gcci ueojkgjrtndic.
Mjwcvcr, tmc s`tunt`je bjcs kjrc mnrk tmne ljjb. @t one dc cxpin`ecb dy kney rcnsjes.

G
G`rstiy, `t `s sj b`gg`ouit tj kn`etn`e tmc oinss tmnt mns cquni eukdcrs jg kce neb wjkce. Rmc cspco`niiy icoturc
jeiy gjr knic,

J
gjr cxnkpic, du`ib`el up jr g`x`el tmc cicotr`o cqu`pkcet, tmce `t `s ejt `etcrcst`el w`tm tmc gcknic.
_cojebiy, tmc stubcets omjjsc tmc sudfcots tmnt tmcy nrc rcniiy `etcrcstcb tj stuby tmne gjiijw tmc lu`bci`ecs
jg tmc ue`vcrs`t`cs. Rmnt `s tmc rcnsje wmy tmc stubcets gcci ueojkgjrtndic `g tmcy w`ii stuby tmc sudfcot tmnt

E
tmcy bj ejt wnet tj.
@e ojeoius`je, cquni eukdcrs jg knic neb gcknic `e tmc sudfcots jg ue`vcrs`t`cs `s n lrcnt `bcn. Dut `e ky
jp`e`je, `t `s sj b`gg`ouit tj knac `t rcni.

E M ƨ
P
S
^

A Í K
 P
Ẩ
B

SE@R 76 OJKKSE@RP I@GC

I
RC_R
Xnrt >6 G`ii `e tmc dineas
G`ii `e cnom dinea w`tm JEC \JTB `e tmc tnia tj ojkpictc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs.
>. Rmc rcs`bcets `e Dc`f`el mnvc tj (>)ZZZZZZ n`r pjiiut`je cvcry bny.

@
4. Rmcrc `s n tm`oa inycr
inycr jg (4)ZZZZZZ jvcr tmc o`ty.
?. \nel usuniiy uscs n prjtcot`vc gnoc knsa
knsa jr ne n`r pur`g`cr tj (?)ZZZZZZ oicne n`r.
2. Mcr bnulmtcr
bnulmtcr kny mnvc
mnvc onulmt n (2)ZZZZZZ gjr n ije
ijel
l t`kc.
3. N`r pjiiut`je `s cvce wjrsc `e (3)ZZZZZZ zjecs juts`bc D Dc`f`el.
c`f`el.

@ O
Xnrt 4. I`stce tj n rnb`j prjlrnkkc ndjut ndjut tmc dcst o`ty tj i`vc `e. Omjjsc tmc ojrrcot

G
neswcr, N, D jr O.
>. Noojrb`el tj tmc stuby dy Rmc Cojejk`st, tmc dcst o`t`cs tj i`vc `e nrc nii

G
N. onp`tni o`t`cs.
D. o`t`cs wmcrc jeiy n gcw pcjpic i`vc.

J
O. kcb`uk-s`zcb o`t`cs.
4. @e tm`s pnrt`ouinr i`st,
N. Mcis`ea` `s `e n m`lmcr pjs`t`je tmne Vur`om.
D. Vur`om neb Mcis`ea` nrc `e tmc snkc pjs`t`je.

E
O. Mcis`ea` `s ijwcr tmne Vur`om.
?. Rmc ojuetry w`tm tmc kjst o`t`cs `e tmc tjp tce `s
N. Nustrni`ne.
D. Onenbn.
O. Ecw Vcnineb.

Mƨ
2. Kcidjurec lcts guii knras
knras `e
N. mcnitm neb cev`rjekcet.

E
D. trnespjrt neb mcnitm.
O. mcnitm neb cbuont`je.
3. Rmc n`k jg tmc rnb`j prjlrnkkc
prjlrnkkc `s tj

P
N. bcsor`dc tmc dcst o`t`cs tmnt pcjpic i`vc `e.
D. `egjrk i`stcecrs ndjut
ndjut tmc dcst o`t`cs tj i`vc `e.

S
O. ceojurnlc i`stcecrs tj vjtc je tmc dcst o`t`cs tj i`vc `e.
Xnrt ?6 Xmject`os

^
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc uebcri`ecb
pnrt b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc
tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw
gjiijw`el
`el qucst`jes.
>. N. s`ts D. stnys O. pinys B. oi`kds
4. N. g`lmts D. e`lmts O. l`gts B. k`ebs
?. N. oinp D. tnac O. knac B. mntc

K
2. N. ornd D. ornoa O. oinoa B. pinec

Í
3. N. bcorcnsc D. bcstrjy O. mntcs B. oijsc
Xnrt 26 _trcss

A
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs grjk
tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. N. pjiiutc D. bcstrjy O. bnknlc B. rcture

P
4. N. `kprjvc D. neejueoc O. prjv`bc B. jpce
?. N. kckdcr D. cnrtmqunac O. v`iinlc B. rcsjrt

Ẩ
2. N. cqu`pkcet D. vnont`je O. tjkjrrjw B. ljvcrekcet
3. N. quni`ty D. npnrtkcet O. sullcst`je B. ojestruot`je
Xnrt 36 Kuit`pic omj`oc
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg
tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. _`eoc tmc gijjb tmc eukdcr jg mjkcicss pcjpic ZZZZZZZZ brnknt`oniiy.

B
N. nrc `eorcns`el D. mnvc `eorcnscb O. `eorcnsc B. mns `eorcnscb

I
4. Kney rcs`bcets ZZZZZZ neb ecvcr rcturecb.
N. kjvcb nw
nwny D. kjvc jut O. ljt jgg B. ljt `e
?. _tubcet ZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZ stnrts tmc g`rst
g`rst wcca `e _cptckdcr.
N. rcl`stcr D. rcl`strnt`je O. rcl`strnt`vc B. rcl`strnt`vciy

@
2. _mc b`cb twj ycnrs
ycnrs ngtcr
ngtcr g`rst ZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZ tmc `iiecss.
`iiecss.
N. bcvcijp`el D. lctt`el O. kna`el B. bj`el
3. Rmc ecw systck w`ii dc ojkpnt`dic w`tm cx`st`el ZZZZZZ.

N
7.. Mjusc
cqu`pkpr`ocs
cet ZZZZZZ n gurtmcr
D. quni`>4ty pcr ocet instOycnr.
. i`drnry B. pnra
N. wcet je D. wcet up O. wcet jut
<. Ecw onscs jg drcnst oneocr scck tj dc ZZZZZZ tmc `eorcnsc.
G @O
B. wcet jvcr

G
N. nt D. ` e O. je B. up
=. Cev`rjekcetni`sts nrc ninrkcb dy tmc brnknt`o `eorcnsc ZZZZZZ pjiiut`je.

J
N. nt D. ` e O. je B. dy
0. Rmc t`oact kny dc djjacb ZZZZZZ twj bnys `e nbvneoc.
N. up tj D . j e tj O. up jvcr B. jgg nt
>8. _tubcets nrce‐t niijwcb ZZZZZZ, cvce juts`bc tmc somjji lntcs.

E
N. skjac D. tj skjac O. skja`el B. tj skja`el
>>. Rmc icssjes tnulmt dy tmc tcnomcr ZZZZZZ dy tmc stubcets.
N. smjuib dc ojp`cb D. smjuib ojpy
O. smjuib mnvc ojp`cb B. smjuib dc ojpy`el
>4. @e >04= tmc ojijur RW ZZZZZZ dy Fjme Ijl`c Dn`rb. Rwj ycnrs intcr mc knbc tmc g`rst pudi`o
RW drjnbonst.

M ƨ
N. wns bcvcijpcb D. bcvcijpcb O. wns bcvcijp`el B. mnb bcvcijpcb

E
>?. Rmc \jrib \`bc \cd ZZZZZZ `e >008 ngtcr R`k Dcrecrs-Icc orcntcb tmc g`rst drjwscr.
N. wns inueom`el D. wns inueomcb O. inueomcb B. mnb inueomcb
>2. Acv`e lnvc n bjii tj m`s l`rigr`ceb tj ocicdrntc mcr d`rtmbny.

P
L`rigr`ceb6 Jm, tmnea yju vcry kuom, Acv`e. @t's sj outc.
Acv`e6 ZZZZZZ.

S
N. @‐k linb yju cefjycb `t D. Rmneas
O. ojelrntuint`jes B. Mjw kuom `s tmnt

^
>3. Je tmc wny tj n tmcntrc, F`kky gjueb Rjk brjppcb m`s wniict.
F`kky6 Mcy, Rjk, yju brjppcb yjur wniict.
Rjk6 Jm, tmnea yju vcry kuom.
F`kky6ZZZZZZ.
N. Ejt nt nii D. Ej wjrry O. Ej prjdick B. Lj nmcnb
>7. Knry tniacb w`tm Rjk ngtcr tmc kus`oni smjw.

ÍK
Knry6 \mnt n gnetnst`o pcrgjrkneoc! Rmnea yju gjr `ev`t`el kc tj tmc kus`oni.
Rjk6 ZZZZZZ. @‐k mnppy yju cefjycb tmc smjw.

A
N. Pju'rc wciojkc D. Ej wjrry O. Ej prjdick B. Lj nmcnb
><. Rm`s duttje ZZZZZZZZ wm`ic tmc cxpcr`kcet `s `e prjlrcss.
N. kuste‐t tjuom D. kuse‐t dc tjuomcb O. one tjuom B. ojui
juib dc tjuomcb

P
>=. \mce @ mnb tj ojkkutc tj wjra cvcry cvc ry bny @ uscb ZZZZZZ up vcry cnriy.
N. tj lct D. lctt`el O. tj lctt`el B. lct

Ẩ
>0. @ k`lmt sny tmnt ZZZZZZ `s wje dy tmrcc tm`els6 g`rst, cggjrt1 scojeb, kjrc cggjrt1 tm`rb, st`ii
kjrc cggjrt.
N. suooccb D. suoocssgui O. suoocssguiiy B. suoocss

B
48. @e mcr kjetmiy ZZZZZ, Fust`ec bco`bcb tj spceb fust $488 cnom kjetm je gjjb.
N. `evcstkcet D. onp`tni O. dublct B. tnx
Xnrt 76 _yejeyk
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el

I
tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Rmc nrcn mns dcojkc n mnvce gjr pcjpic t`rcb jg tmc mcot`o pnoc jg o`ty i`gc.
N. dusy D. rcinx`el O. guii B. r`om
4. Rmc s`elcr mns r`sce grjk mukdic jr`l`es tj dcojkc jec jg tmc kjst suoocssgui cetcrtn`ecrs

@
jg nii t`kc.
N. pjjr D. wcnitmy O. gnkjus B. lcecrjus
Xnrt <6 Netjeyk
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC `e
kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

G @ O
>. Dus gnrcs wcrc rn`scb bcsp`tc tmc prjtcsts jg tmc ojkkue`ty.
N. suppjrts D. nss`stneocs O. dci`cgs B. ojeocres

G
4. Dconusc tmcrc wns n smjrtnlc jg wntcr `e tmc v`iinlc, tmc v`iinlcrs bco`bcb tj snvc cnom neb
cvcry wntcr brjp bur`el tmc kjesjje.

J
N. duy D. wnstc O. ojesukc B. pjur`gy
Xnrt =6 Crrjr @bcet`g`ont`je
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt
eccbs ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

E
>. Brul trngg`oa`el `s n knttcr jg ojes`bcrntc ojeocre gjr tmc cet`rc `etcrent`jeni
N D O

ƨ
ojkkue`ty.
B
4. Cvcry ojuetry mns tmc`r jwe trnb`t`jes, sjkc jg w
wm`om
m`om mnvc cx`stcb gjr ocetur`cs.

?. Rrngg`oNrcluint`jesDkust jdcy dy br`vcrs

O ns wcii ns pcbcstr`nes.
B

EM
pcbcstr`nes.
N D O B
Xnrt 06 RỸ ISẩE
> Tcnb tmc tcxt ndjut strnelc inws. Ojkpictc tmc tcxt w`tm tmc vcrds.

P
one‐t kust niijwcb kuste‐t mnb mnvc
Rmc wjrib's strnelcst inws

S
>. Pju one‐t piny ljig je tmc strccts jg Ecw Pjra.
4. @e K`nk`, yju .................................
................................... santcdjnrb `e n pji`oc stnt`je.

^
?. @e tmc SA, yju nrc ejt .............................
..................................
..... tj b`c `e tmc Mjuscs jg Xnri`nkcet.
2. @e Tuss`n `e tmc scvcetccetm ocetury, yju ..................... ..................................
............. tj pny tnx tj lrjw n dcnrb.
3. @e Ijebje, yju bje‐t ...................
..................................
............... tj pny tj tnac smccp norjss Ijebje Dr`blc.
7. @e tmc S_ stntc jg Acetuoay, tmc inw snys cvcryjec .................................. tnac n dntm nt icnst jeoc n
ycnr

Cxcro`sc >. Ojkpictc tmc scetceocs w`tm>0tm

tmc ocetury
vcrds `e`e
drnoacts.

Í K
I`gc `e tmc Dr`tn`e
>. Inkps neb onebics wcrc uscb gjr i`lmt, dconusc tmcrc wns ej cicotr`o`ty. (usc)

A
4. N ojnom `estcnb
` estcnb jg n onr .................................
................................. tj kjvc grjk pinoc tj pinoc. (duy)
?. Dy tmc >=78's
> =78's d`oyoics .................................
................................. nijel w`tm mjrscs. (r`bc)
2. N s`kpic
s `kpic sknii mjusc ................
................................
......................
...... dy n pjjr gnk`iy. (du`ib)

P
3. Iuxur`jus pninocs ....................................
.................................... dy wcnitmy nr`stjornt`o gnk`i`cs. (jwe)
7. Rjp mnts neb su`ts
su `ts w`tm tn`is ...........................
.................................
...... dy kce `e o`t`c
o`t`cs.
s. (wcnr)

Ẩ
Xnrt >86 Oijzc tcst
Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj

B
`eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot wjrb
wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas.
@g yju nrc tmc typc jg pcrsje (>)ZZZZZZ ijvcs tj kcct kney b`ggcrcet pcjpic grjk b`ggcrcet
ouiturcs neb sjo`ni stntus, tmce tmc o`ty i`gc `s dcttcr gjr yju. Rmc o`ty `s wmcrc pcjpic grjk nii
b`ggcrcet (4)ZZZZZZ neb stntus ojkc tj wjra neb i`vc dconusc cvcrytm`el `s sj ocetrni`zcb `e tmc
o`ty. Rmc o`ty's pjpuint`je `s nisj kjrc ojeocetrntcb, sj yju nisj mnvc n m`lmcr omneoc jg

I
kcct`el pcjpic. @e tmc ojuetry, tmc b`stneoc dctwcce (?)ZZZZZZ pcjpic `s mnrbcr, sj `t `s icss
ojevce`cet tj kcct jtmcr pcjpic. (2)ZZZZZZ, `g yju wnet n dusy sjo`ni i`gc, tmc o`ty `s dcttcr.
@g yju mnvc nstmkn jr yju nrc rcniiy sces`t`vc tj (3)ZZZZZZ, tmce tmc ojuetry i`gcstyic `s dcst gjr
yju. @e tmc ojuetry tmcrc `s kuom icss pjiiut`je dconusc tmcrc nrc icss onrs, trngg`o neb

@
`ebustr`ni pinets `e tmc ojuetry. Rmcrc nrc nisj kjrc trccs, r`vcrs neb jtmcr enturni socecry. @g
yju wnet yjur a`bs tj rue nrjueb `e jpce neb sngc cev`rjekcets, tmce tmc ojuetry `s nisj

O
kuom dcttcr.
>. N. wmj D. wmjk O. wmjsc B. wm`om
4. N. bcvcijpkcet D. dnoalrjueb O. dnsckcet B. `est`tut`je
?. N. jtmcr D. cnom O. nejtmcr B. cvcry

GG@
2. N. Mjwcvcr D. Nitmjulm O. Kjrcjvcr B. Mceoc
3. N. pjiiutc D. pjiiutcb O. pjiiut`je B. pjiiutnet

J
Xnrt >>6 Tcnb`el ojkprcmces`j
ojkprcmces`je
e
Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj
`eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes.
Sei`ac i`gc `e tmc ojuetrys`bc,
oj uetrys`bc, wm`om `s jgtce ojes`bcrcb tj dc s`kpic neb trnb`t`jeni, i`gc `e tmc

E
o`ty `s kjbcre neb ojkpi`ontcb. Xcjpic grjk b`ggcrcet rcl`jes kjvc tj o`t`cs `e tmc mjpc jg
mnv`el n dcttcr i`gc gjr tmckscivcs neb tmc`r om`ibrce. \`tm picety jg fjd jppjrtue`t`cs

ƨ
nvn`indic `e tmc o`ty, tmc `emnd`tnets wjra ns scorctnr`cs, dus`ecsskce, tcnomcrs, ljvcrekcet
jgg`o`nis, gnotjry wjracrs, strcct vcebjrs jr ojestruot`je wjracrs neb sj je.
Rmc m`lm ojst jg i`v`el rcqu`rcs o`ty bwciicrs, cspco`niiy tmjsc w`tm ijw `eojkc, tj wjra
mnrbcr jr tj tnac pnrt-t`kc fjds. Gjr kney pcjpic, bn`iy i`gc typ`oniiy `evjivcs lctt`el up `e tmc
cnriy kjre`el tj bj cxcro`sc `e pudi`o pnras, prcpnr`el gjr n mnrb bny jg wjra`el neb stuby`el,

EM
tmce trnvcii`el nijel orjwbcb djuicvnrbs jr enrrjw strccts g`iicb w`tm kjtjr sojjtcrs neb
rcture`el mjkc intc nt e`lmt. Rmcy usuniiy i`vc `e inrlc mjuscs, m`lm-r`sc npnrtkcet dijoas jr
cvce `e sknii rcetni rjjks cqu`ppcb w`tm kjbcre gno`i`t`cs, i`ac tmc @etcrect, tcicpmjec,

P
tcicv`s`je, neb sj je. @ebustr`ni`znt`je neb kjbcre`znt`je, ns wcii ns lijdni `etclrnt`je, mnvc
d`l `kpnots je i`gcstyic `e o`t`cs. Rmc kjst ejt`ocndic `kpnot `s tmc \cstcre styic jg oijtmcs.

S
Rmc Nj bn`, W`ctenkcsc trnb`t`jeni oijtmcs - `s ej ijelcr rcluinriy wjre `e W`ctenkcsc
wjkce‐s bn`iy i`gc. @estcnb, fcnes, R-sm`rts neb gnsm`jendic oijtmcs nrc w`bciy prcgcrrcb.

^
>6 \mnt `s tmc kn`e `bcn jg tmc pnssnlc:
N. I`gc `e tmc o`ty
D. Nbvnetnlcs jg i`v`el `e tmc o`ty
O. B`ggcrceocs dctwcce ojuetry i`gc neb o`ty i`gc
B. Ryp`oni i`gc jg n o`ty bwciicr
46 Rmc wjrb ’`kpnot‛ `e pnrnlrnpm 4 `s oijscst `e kcne`el tj ZZZZZZ.
N. cggcot D. not`je s`tunt`je
O.o`ty B. gjroc

AÍK
?6 Rmc kjst `kpjrtnet rcnsje wmy pcjpic kjvc tj tmc `s ZZZZZZ.
N. tj mnvc dusy bnys D. tj tnac pnrt-t`kc fjds
O. tj ijja gjr n dcttcr i`gc B. tj ijja gjr n ojkpi`ontcb i`gc
26 Noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc, o`ty i`gc one jggcr o`ty bwciicrs nii jg tmc gjiijw`el tm`els

P
C]OCXR ZZZZZZ.
N. tmc @etcrect

Ẩ
D. gr`cebiy ojkkue`ont`je w`tm ec`lmdjrs
O. n vnr`cty jg fjds `e b`ggcrcet g`cibs
B. kjbcre gno`i`t`cs

B
36 @ebustr`ni`znt`je neb kjbcre`znt`je kny icnb tj ZZZZZZ.
N. tmc b`snppcnrneoc jg \cstcre-styicb oijtmcs D. omnelcs `e i`gcstyics
O. tmc gnot tmnt wjkce ej ijelcr wcnr Nj bn` B. lijdni `etclrnt`je
 I
Xnrt >4. Rrnesgjrknt`je (tỾ iuẫe)
Ojkpictc tmc scojeb scetceoc sj tmnt `t mns n s`k`inr kcne`el tj tmc g`rst scetceoc. Pju
kust usc dctwcce tmrcc neb s`x wjrbs.
>. Rmc stubcets w`ii g`e`sm tmc`r Celi`sm ojursc nt tmc ceb jg Fuec.

@
 Rmc`r Celi`sm ojursc ……...........................…………....
……...........................…………....................
.......................……
.......…… nt tmc ceb jg Fuec.
4. \c nrc ec`lmdjurs bcsp`tc tmc gnot tmnt wc b`snlrcc ndjut sjkc tm`els.

O
 \c nrc ec`lmdjurs nitmjulm ......................………….....................
......................…………....................... b`snlrcckcets ndjut sjkc tm`els.

@
?. Rmc pr`oc jg j`i `s cxpcotcb tj r`sc brnknt`oniiy.
 Rmcrc `s cxpcotcb tj ………………………………`e tmc pr`oc jg j`i.
2. Rmc Rjwe Ojueo`i mns knbc n eukdcr jg ejt`ocndic omnelcs tj tmc inyjut jg tmc rjnbs.
 Rmc inyjut jg tmc rjnbs mns……………………………..
mns……………………………..

GG
3. Pju nrce‐t niijwcb tj skjac `e pudi`o pinocs.
 Pju …………….`e pudi`o pinocs.

J
7. Pju one stjrc sknii pnoanlcs `e tmc jvcrmcnb ojkpnrtkcet.
 _knii pnoanlcs ………………………………………`e tmc jvcrmcnb ojkpnrtkcet.
<. Rmcy bcs`lecb tmc nrcn tj nppcni tj yjuel pcjpic.
 Rmc nrcn ……………………………… tj nppcni tj yjuel pcjpic.

E
=. Rmc ojkpney cxpjrtcb tmc`r prjbuots nii jvcr tmc wjrib.
 Rmc ojkpney's prjbuots ………………………
……………………………… ……… nii jvcr tmc wjrib.

ƨ
0. Rmc pji`oc oijscb tmc rjnb tj bcni w`tm tmc noo`bcet.
 Rmc rjnb ………………………………………
……………………………………… tmc pji`oc sj tmcy ojuib bcni w`tm tmc noo`bcet.
>8. \c w`ii cicot n ecw ljvcrekcet ecxt ycnr.
 N ecw ………………………………………ecxt
………………………………………ecxt ycnr.
Xnrt >?6 \JTB GJTK
>. Rmcy mnvc `estniicb stntc-jg-tmc-nrt kcb`oni ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ tj mcip `kprjvc cnriy b`nlejs`s jg

E M
tmc ojeb`t`je. (C^S@X)
4. _pco`cs nrc nisj kjv`el jut jg Om`en nt ne ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ rntc, cspco`niiy pinets. (@EOTCN_C)

P
?. N lrjup jg cxpcrts mns dcce drjulmt tjlctmcr tj suppjrt tmc ZZZZZZZZZZZZ jg tmc prjfcot.
(BCWCIJX)

S
om niicelcs w`ii dc gnocb bur`el ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ. (OJE_RTSOR)
2. Knfjr cel`eccr`el omniicelcs
3. Jur a`ebecss neb lcecrjs`ty `s kuom ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ. (NXXTCO@NR@JE)

Xnrt >26 \r`t`el ne cssny

^
\r`tc ne cssny jg >=8 wjrbs ndjut tmc `kpjrtneoc jg tmc ijoni ojkkue`ty.
Xnrt >36 Neswcr tmc qucst`jes
qucst`jes (i`ac pnrt > `e @CIR_ tcsts)

K
Bj yju aejw yjur ec`lmdjurs:
Bj yju i`ac yjur ec`lmdjurs:
\mnt bj yju tm`ea jg yjur ec`lmdjurs:
Mjw jgtce bj yju scc (jr tnia tj) yjur ec`lmdjurs:

AÍ
Bj yju tm`ea yju nrc n ljjb ec`lmdjur:
Xnrt >76 Knac n prcscetnt`je ndjut n tjp`o6
\mnt smjuib yju bj tj knac yjur ojkkue`ty dcttcr:

P
Ẩ
B

SE@R 76 OJKKSE@RP I@GC

I
N- WJONDSINTP
WJONDSINTP
Wjonduinry @XN Rrnesor`pt`je Kcne`el
>. `eorcnsc (v) 59 bcorcnsc /ɦeˍar`˘s/ Rďel59 l`ắk
rcsjrt (e) /rɦˍzɒ˘t/ Amu elmỀ bƸỮel
4. g`sm`el v`iinlc (e)
?. nbvneocb (nbf)
/ˍgɦʏɦŁ ˍvɦiɦ
/ˍgɦʏɦŁ ˍvɦiɦbʔ
/ɐbˍvɞ˘est/
bʔ / Ièel omè`
M`Ọe ĞẮ`, t`Ẻe dỐ
@
O
2. rcdu`ib (v) /ˉr`˘ˍdɦib/ ]äy iẮ`

@
3. npprco`ntc (v) /ɐˍpr`˘ʏ`cɦt/ Ęîem l`î onj
7. trnespjrtnt`je (e) /ˉtrçespɒ˘ˍtcɦʏe/ L`nj tmòel
<. tjwcr (e) /ˍtnʆɐ(r)/ tmîp
=. /aɐˍν`˘brɐi/ Emè tmớ omëem tôn, tmîem ĞƸớel
0. ontmcbrni
oinw (e) (e)

G G
/aiɒ˘/ KỞel vuỞt
>8. inp (e) /içp/ Wẫt pmỬ (iæe kỐt vẫt amîo). Wôel

J
bäy, vôel omỀ (quảe vèj kỐt ouỐe).
(Rmỏ bợo, tmỏ tmnj) Wôel omẮy, vôel
Ğun.

E
>>. ijoacr (e) /ˍiɔaɐ(r)/ RỬ amÿn
>4. ojestruot`je (e) /aɐeˍstrʉaʏe/ ]äy bỾel

ƨ
>?. scrv`oc (e) /ˍsə˘vɦs/ Bềom vợ
>2. cqu`pkcet (e) /ɦˍawɦpkɐet/ Rm`Ẻt dề
>3. dublct (e) /ˍdʉbʔɦt/ Eläe sîom

>7. snebdjx (e) ; snebp`t

><. quni`ty (e)
>=. ojes`bcr ky sullcst`je
/ˍsçebdɔas/
/ˍawɔiɐt`/
/sɐˍbʔcstʏɐe/
M
MỐp oît Ğở omƮ`
Omảt iƸữel
]ck xàt ĞỎ elmề oỬn tò`

E
>0. `kprjvc (v) /ɦkˍpru˘v/ Oắ` tm`Ọe

P
48. vjtc (v) (e) /vɐʆt/ DỊ pm`Ẻu, dẬu oừ
4>. rnoact (e) /ˍrçaɦt/ Wữt

S
44. ojurt (e) /aɒ˘t/ _äe tcee`s, dÿel omuyỎe…

^
D- XMTN_C_ NEB C]XTC__@JE_
>. kjvc nwny Omuyỏe ĞẺe eƮ` eèj Ğÿ sỞel
4. lct g`t Oäe ĞỞ`
?. mnvc gue Wu` vằ

K
2. mnel jut (pmr. W) Ę` omƮ` vố` n` Ğÿ
3. pny gjr Rrắ t`Ỏe

O- LTN
LTNKK
KKNT
NT

AÍ
Oäu dề ĞỐel
* Gjrk6 DC + W?/cb (ĞỐel tỡ DC om`n tmcj
tmcj tmé oỬn oäu)

P
* Ssc6
- Bðel Ğỏ emảe kẮem elƸớ`/vẫt emẫe mèem ĞỐel mƮe iè omỬ tmỏ tmỾo m`Ọe mèem ĞỐel.

Ẩ
C.l6 Rmc gure`turc wns djulmt nt n ijoni knract.
- Am` omỬ tmỏ tmỾo m`Ọe mèem ĞỐel iè amòel qune trịel, mjẼo amòel d`Ẻt omỬ tmỏ iè n`/oî` lé.

B
C.l6 Rmc @etcrect wns `evcetcb bur`el tmc >038's
* Xnst _`kpic Xnss`vc
\N_/\CTC +W?/cb
C.l6 Rmc k`stnacs wcrc ojrrcotcb dy tmc tcnomcr.

* Kjbnis w`tm pnss`vc vj`oc

I
KJBNI + DC + W?/cb
C.l6 Ckpijyccs kust dc pn`b je tmc inst bny jg tmc kjetm.
* Oîom omuyỏe Ğồ` tỡ oäu omỬ ĞỐel snel oäu dề ĞỐel
_ +W +J

 _ + DC + W?/cb (+ dy J)
@
 (DC om`n tmcj tmé oỬn oäu omỬ ĞỐel)
@ O
C]CTO@_C
Xnrt >6 I`stce neb g`ii `e tmc dineas

J GG
G`ii `e cnom dinea w`tm JEC \JTB `e tmc tnia tj ojkpictc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs.
>. Rmc rcs`bcets `e Dc`f`el mnvc tj (>) ZZZZZZ n`r pjiiut`je cvcry bny.
4. Rmcrc `s n tm`oa inycr jg (4) ZZZZZZ jvcr tmc o`ty.
?. \nel usuniiy uscs n prjtcot`vc gnoc knsa jr ne n`r pur`g`cr tj (?) ZZZZZZ oicne n`r.

E
2. Mcr bnulmtcr kny mnvc onulmt n (2) ZZZZZZ gjr n ijel t`kc.
3. N`r pjiiut`je `s cvce wjrsc `e (3) ZZZZZZ zjecs juts`bc Dc`f`el.
Acy

ƨ
>. gno
gnocc 4. skj
skjll ?. drc
drcntm
ntm 2. oju
ojulm.
lm. 3. `eb
`ebust
ustr`n
r`nii
Rrnesor`pt

M
QKus`o[
\nel i`vcs `e Dc`f`el w`tm mcr musdneb neb mcr bnulmtcr. I`ac jtmcr o`ty bwciicrs tmcrc, mcr gnk`iy
mns tj gnoc scr`jus n`r pjiiut`je cvcry bny. Rmc g`rst tm`el \nel bjcs wmce smc wnacs up `e tmc
kjre`el `s tj omcoa mcr a`b tj knac surc smc `s drcntm`el oicne n`r. @t sccks tj dc vcry strnelc tj
kney pcjpic dut `t's qu`tc pjpuinr tmcrc, n tm`oa inycr jg skjl rjiis `etj Om`en's onp`tni o`ty ture`el

PE
saysornpcrs `etj smnbjws neb oicnr n`r `etj n yciijw gjl. Rm`s skjl onuscs mcr kney trjudics, `t's
b`gg`ouit gjr mcr tj drcntmc w`tmjut n prjtcot`vc gnoc knsa jr ne n`r pur`g`cr. _mc one mnrbiy scc
tm`els oicnriy cvce `e tmc bnyt`kc. Kjrc scr`jusiy, mcr om`ib kny ontom n omrje`o ojulm dconusc jg

S
tmc ueoicne n`r. N`r pjiiut`je `s cvce wjrsc `e `ebustr`ni zjecs juts`bc tmc onp`tni. Dut wmy bjcs
skjl accp dineact`el Dc`f`el: Rmc kn`e sjurocs jg pjiiutnets `eoiubc cxmnust ck`ss`jes grjk

^
kjrc tmne 3 k`ii`je kjtjr vcm`oics `e Dc`f`el, ojni dure`el `e ec`lmdjr`el rcl`jes, bust stjrks
grjk tmc ejrtm neb ijoni
ijoni ojestruot`je bust.
Xnrt 4. I`stce tj n rnb`j prjlrnkkc ndjut tmc dcst o`ty tj i`vc `e. Omjjsc tmc ojrrcot
neswcr, N, D jr O.

K
>. Noojrb`el tj tmc stuby dy Rmc Cojejk`st, tmc dcst o`t`cs tj i`vc `e nrc nii
N. onp`tni o`t`cs.

Í
D. o`t`cs wmcrc jeiy n gcw pcjpic
pcjpic i`vc.
O. kcb`uk-s`zcb o`t`cs.
4. @e tm`s pnrt`ouinr i`st, pjs`t`je

A
N. Mcis`ea` `s `e n m`lmcr pjs`t`je tmne Vur`om.
D. Vur`om neb Mcis`ea` nrc `e tmc snkc pjs`t`je.

P
O. Mcis`ea` `s ijwcr tmne Vur`om.
?. Rmc ojuetry w`tm tmc kjst o`t`cs `e tmc tjp tce `s

Ẩ
N. Nustrni`ne.
D. Onenbn.

B
O. Ecw Vcnineb.
2. Kcidjurec lcts guii knras `e
N. mcnitm neb cev`rjekcet.
D. trnespjrt neb mcnitm.

O. mcnitm neb cbuont`je.

I
3. Rmc n`k jg tmc rnb`j prjlrnkkc `s tj
N. bcsor`dc tmc dcst o`t`cs tmnt pcjpic i`vc `e.
D. `egjrk i`stcecrs ndjut tmc dcst o`t`cs tj i`vc `e.
O. ceojurnlc i`stcecrs tj vjtc je tmc dcst o`t`cs tj i`vc `e.

@
Neswcr
>O 4D ?N 2O 3D

O
Rrnesor`pt

@
Xrcscetcr Cvcry ycnr, Rmc Cojejk`st knlnz`ec knacs knacs n i`st jg tmc dcst o`t`cs `e tmc wjrib tj
i`vc `e. Lijr`n Ojjac `s w`tm us tjbny tj tcii us ndjut tmc intcst i`st. Lijr`n, wmnt a`eb jg o`t`cs nrc
nt tmc tjp:
Lijr`n \cii, tmcy‐rc nii o`t`cs tmnt nrc kjrc jr icss tmc snkc s`zc6 ejt vcry d`l, dut ejt vcry
 G
sknii, c`tmcr. ^u`tc n ijt jg pcjpic i`vc tmcrc, dut tmcy nrce t vcry orjwbcb. Rmcrc nrc jeiy twj
onp`tni o`t`cs nt tmc tjp, gjr cxnkpic.

JG
X \m`om jecs:
L W`ceen, tmc onp`tni
onp`tni jg Nustr`n, neb tmc onp`tni
onp`tni jg G`eineb6 Mcis`ea`.
Mcis`ea`.
X Nrc tmcrc ney jtmcr
jtmcr Curjpcne o`t`cs `e tmc tjp tce, Lijr`n:
L Pcs, tmcrc‐s jec kjrc6 Vur`om `e _w`tzcrineb.
_w`tzcrineb. Vur`om mns tmc snkc eukdcr jg pj`ets ns Mcis`ea`,

E
sj tmcy‐rc djtm tcetm. Rmnt kcnes wc‐rc tnia`el ndjut tmc tjp cicvce o`t`cs mcrc, ejt tmc tjp tce.
X T`lmt. _j, wmcrc nrc tmc jtmcr o`t`cs
o`t`cs `e tmc tjp cicvce:
cicvce:

ƨ
L \c‐vc ljt Nuoaineb `e Ecw Vcnineb
Vcnineb nt eukdcr e`ec, neb tmce tmc rcst nrc c`tmcr `e Nustrni`n
jr Onenbn. Nustrni`n mns gjur `e tmc tjp cicvce neb Onenbn mns tmrcc.

M
X Mjw `etcrcst`el! _j, Lijr`n, tmc kjkcet
kjkcet wc‐vc nii dcce wn`t`el gjr6 wm`om `s tmc dcst
dcst o`ty tj
i`vc `e:
L Noojrb`el tj Rmc Cojejk`st,
Cojejk`st, `t‐s Kcidjurec, Nustrni`n. Rmc stuby
stuby snys tmnt Kcidjurec mns

E
gnetnst`o somjjis neb
neb cxociicet kcb`oni onrconrc ‟ tmc o`ty ljt >88 jut jg >88 `e tmcsc twj ontcljr`cs.
ontcljr`cs.
X Kcidjurec! E`oc!
E`oc! Lijr`n Ojjac, tmneas
tmneas gjr fj`e`el us.

Xnrt ?6 Xmject`os

pnrt b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc

>. N. s`ts D. stnys
S P
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc uebcri`ecb
tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`
prjeueo`nt`je
je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
O. pinys B. oi`kds

^
4. N. g`lmts D. e`lmts O. l`gts B. k`ebs
?. N. oinp D. tnac O. knac B. mntc
2. N. ornd D. ornoa O. oinoa B. pinec
3. N. bcorcnsc D. bcstrjy O. mntcs B. oijsc

Xnrt 26 _trcss
K
Í
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs grjk tmc
jtmcr tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. N. pjiiutc D. bcstrjy O. bnknlc B. rcture

4
?.. N
N.. `k
kcpkrjdvccr D
D.. nce
nretjmuqeuoncac O
O.. p
v`rijinvl`b
cc B.
B. jpce
rcsjrt

PA
2. N. cqu`pkcet D. vnont`je O. tjkjrrjw B. ljvcrekcet
3. N. quni`ty D. npnrtkcet O. sullcst`je B. ojestruot`je

Ẩ
Xnrt 36 Kuit`pic omj`oc
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg

B
tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. _`eoc tmc gijjb tmc eukdcr jg mjkcicss pcjpic ZZZZZZZZ brnknt`oniiy.
N. nrc `eorcns`el D. mnvc `eorcnscb O. `eorcnsc B. mns `eorcnscb

4. Kney rcs`bcets ZZZZZZ neb ecvcr rcturecb.

I
N. kjvcb nwny D. kjvc jut O. ljt jgg B. ljt `e
?. _tubcet ZZZZZZ stnrts tmc g`rst wcca `e _cptckdcr.
N. rcl`stcr D. rcl`strnt`je O. rcl`st
`strnt`vc B. rcl`
cl`strnt
nt`v
`vcciy
2. _mc b`cb twj ycnrs ngtcr g`rst ZZZZZZ tmc `iiecss.

@
N. bcvcijp`el D. lctt`el O. kna`el B. bj`el
3. Rmc ecw systck w`ii dc ojkpnt`dic w`tm cx`st`el ZZZZZZ.

O
N. cqu`pkcet D. quni`ty O. i`drnry B. pnra

@
7. Mjusc pr`ocs ZZZZZZ n gurtmcr >4 pcr ocet inst ycnr.
N. wcet je D. wcet up O. wcet jut B. wcet jvcr

G
<. Ecw onscs jg drcnst oneocr scck tj dc ZZZZZZ tmc `eorcnsc.
N. nt D. `e O. je B. up
=. Cev`rjekcetni`sts nrc ninrkcb dy tmc brnknt`o `eorcnsc ZZZZZZ pjiiut`je.
N. nt D. `e O. je B. dy
0. Rmc t`oact kny dc djjacb ZZZZZZ twj bnys `e nbvneoc.
N. up tj D. je tj O. up jvcr B. jgg nt>8. _tubcets
nrce‐t niijwcb ZZZZZZ, cvce juts`bc tmc somjji lntcs.
N. skjac D. tj skjac O. skja`el
JG B. tj skja`el

E
>>. Rmc icssjes tnulmt dy tmc tcnomcr ZZZZZZ dy tmc stubcets.
N. smjuib dc ojp`cb D. smjuib ojpy

ƨ
O. smjuib mnvc ojp`cb B. smjuib dc ojpy`el
>4. @e >04= tmc ojijur RW ZZZZZZ dy Fjme Ijl`c Dn`rb. Rwj ycnrs intcr mc knbc tmc g`rst pudi`o RW

M
drjnbonst.
N. wns bcvcijpcb D. bcvcijpcb O. wns bcvcijp`el B. mnb bcvcijpcb
>?. Rmc \jrib \`bc \cd ZZZZZZ `e >008 ngtcr R`k Dcrecrs-Icc orcntcb tmc g`rst drjwscr.

E
N. wns inueom`el D. wns inueomcb O. inueomcb B. mnb inueomcb
>2. Acv`e lnvc n bjii tj m`s l`rigr`ceb tj ocicdrntc mcr d`rtmbny.
L`rigr`ceb6 Jm, tmnea yju vcry kuom, Acv`e. @t's sj outc.
Acv`e6 ZZZZZZ.

SP
N. @‐k linb yju cefjycb `t D. Rmneas
O. ojelrntuint`jes B. Mjw kuom `s tmnt
>3. Je tmc wny tj n tmcntrc, F`kky gjueb Rjk brjppcb m`s wniict.

^
F`kky6 Mcy, Rjk, yju brjppcb yjur wniict.
Rjk6 Jm, tmnea yju vcry kuom.
F`kky6 ZZZZZZ.
N. Ejt nt nii D. Ej wjrry O. Ej prjdick B. Lj nmcnb

K
>7. Knry tniacb w`tm Rjk ngtcr tmc kus`oni smjw.
Knry6 \mnt n gnetnst`o pcrgjrkneoc! Rmnea yju gjr `ev`t`el kc tj tmc kus`oni.

Í
Rjk6 ZZZZZZ. @‐k mnppy yju cefjycb tmc smjw.
N. Pju'rc wciojkc D. Ej wjrry O. Ej prjdick B. Lj nmcnb
><. Rm`s duttje ZZZZZZZZ wm`ic tmc cxpcr`kcet `s `e prjlrcss.
N. kuste‐t tjuom D. kuse‐t dc tjuomcb O. one tjuom B. ojuib dc tjuomcb
>=.
N. tj\mce
lct @ mnb tj ojkkutc
D. lctj wjra
l cvcry bnyO@. uscb
tj lctZZZZZZ
t`el up vcry cnriy.

PA
tt`e B. lct
>0. @ k`lmt sny tmnt ZZZZZZ `s wje dy tmrcc tm`els6 g`rst, cggjrt1 scojeb, kjrc cggjrt1 tm`rb, st`ii

Ẩ
kjrc cggjrt.
N. suooccb D. suoocssgui O. suoocssguiiy B. suoocss
48. @e mcr kjetmiy ZZZZZ, Fust`ec bco`bcb tj spceb fust $488 cnom kjetm je gjjb.

B
N. `evcstkcet D. onp`tni O. dublct B. tnx

Xnrt 76 _yejeyk
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el

I
tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmct mc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Rmc nrcn mns dcojkc n mnvce gjr pcjpic t`rcb jg tmc mcot`o pnoc jg o`ty i`gc.
N. dusy D. rcinx`el O. guii B. r`om

@
4. Rmc s`elcr mns r`sce grjk mukdic jr`l`es tj dcojkc jec jg tmc kjst suoocssgui cetcrtn`ecrs
jg nii t`kc.

O
N. pjjr D. wcnitmy O. gnkjus B. lcecrjus

Xnrt <6 Netjeyk

G @
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC `e
kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

G
>. Dus gnrcs wcrc rn`scb bcsp`tc tmc prjtcsts jg tmc ojkkue`ty.
N. suppjrts D. nss`stneocs O. dci`cgs B. ojeocres
4. Dconusc tmcrc wns n smjrtnlc jg wntcr `e tmc v`iinlc, tmc v`iinlcrs bco`bcb tj snvc cnom neb
cvcry wntcr brjp bur`el tmc kjesjje.

J
N. duy D. wnstc O. oje
ojesu
suk
kc B. pju
jurr`gy
`gy

Xnrt =6 Crrjr @bcet`g`ont`je

Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs
 E
ƨ
ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Brul trngg`oa`el `s n knttcr jg ojes`bcrntc ojeocre gjr tmc cet`rc `etcrent`jeni

M
N D O
ojkkue`ty.
B

E
4. Cvcry ojuetry mns tmc`r jwe trnb`t`jes, sjkc jg wm`om mnvc cx`stcb gjr ocetur`cs.
N D O B
?. Rrngg`o rcluint`jes kust jdcy dy br`vcrs ns wcii ns pcbcstr`nes.
pcbcstr`nes.
N D O B
Xnrt 06 RỸ ISẩE

SP
> Tcnb tmc tcxt ndjut strnelc inws. Ojkpictc tmc tcxt w`tm tmc vcrds.
one‐t kust niijwcb kuste‐t mnb mnvc

^
Rmc wjrib's strnelcst inws
>. Pju one‐t piny ljig je tmc strccts jg Ecw Pjra.
4. @e K`nk`, yju .................................. santcdjnrb `e n pji`oc stnt`je.
?. @e tmc SA, yju nrc ejt .................................. tj b`c `e tmc Mjuscs jg Xnri`nkcet.

K
2. @e Tuss`n `e tmc scvcetccetm ocetury, yju .................................. tj pny tnx tj lrjw n dcnrb.
3. @e Ijebje, yju bje‐t .................................. tj pny tj tnac smccp norjss Ijebje Dr`blc.

Í
7. @e tmc S_ stntc jg Acetuoay, tmc inw snys cvcryjec ..................................
.................................. tnac n dntm nt icnst jeoc n ycnr
Acy6 >. One‐t 4. Kuste‐t ?. Niijwcb 2. Mnb3. Mnvc 7. kust

A
Cxcro`sc >. Ojkpictc tmc scetceocs w`tm tmc vcrds `e drnoacts.
I`gc `e tmc >0tm ocetury `e Dr`tn`e
>. Inkps neb onebics wcrc uscb gjr i`lmt, dconusc tmcrc wns ej cicotr`o`ty. (usc)
4. N ojnom `estcnb jg n onr ................................. tj kjvc grjk pinoc tj pinoc. (duy)

P
?. Dy tmc >=78's d`oyoics .............................
.................................
.... nijel w`tm mjrscs. (r`bc)

Ẩ
2. N s`kpic sknii mjusc .......................
......................................
............... dy n pjjr gnk`iy. (du`ib)
3. Iuxur`jus pninocs ................................
....................................
.... dy wcnitmy nr`stjornt`o gnk`i`cs. (jwe)

B
7. Rjp mnts neb su`ts w`tm tn`is ................................. dy kce `e o`t`cs. (wcnr)
(BỾ pmôel tỡ oäu < ĞẺe oäu >8)
<. N brcss .................................
........................................
....... tj m`bc wjkne's icls. (bcs`le)
=. L`ris grjk wcii-jgg gnk`i`cs .....................................
........................................
... nt mjkc. (cbuontc)

0. Djys grjk r`om gnk`i`cs ......................................

.......................................... tj pudi`o somjjis.
somjj is. (scet)
>8. N om`ib grjk n pjjr gnk`iy ................................
........................................
........ tj wjra. (gjroc)
>>. Tnp`b omnelcs ................................
........................................
........ ndjut `e cvcrybny i`gc dy `ebustr`ni`znt`je. (dr`el)

I
>4. N mulc bckneb gjr ljjbs neb scrv`ocs ........................................
........................................ . (orcntc)
Acy

@
>. Inkps neb onebics wcrc uscb gjr i`lmt, dconusc tmcrc wns ej cicotr`o`ty.
4. N ojnom `estcnb jg n onr wns djulmt tj tj kjvc grjk pinoc tj pinoc.

O
?. Dy tmc >=78's d`oyoics wcrc r`bbce nijel w`tm mjrscs.

@
2. N s`kpic sknii mjusc wns du`it dy n pjjr gnk`iy.
3. Iuxur`jus pninocs wcrc jwecb dy wcnitmy nr`stjornt`o gnk`i`cs.

G
7. Rjp mnts neb su`ts w`tm tn`is wcrc wjre dy kce `e o`t`cs.
<. N brcss wns bcs`lecb tj m`bc wjkne's icls.

G
=. L`ris grjk wcii-jgg gnk`i`cs wcrc cbuontcb nt mjkc.
0. Djys grjk r`om gnk`i`cs wcrc scet tj pudi`o somjjis.
>8. N om`ib grjk n pjjr gnk`iy wns gjrocb tj wjra.
>>. Tnp`b omnelcs wcrc drjulmt ndjut `e cvcrybny i`gc dy `ebustr`ni`znt`je.
>4. N mulc bckneb gjr ljjbs neb scrv`ocs wns orcntcb.

EJ
Xnrt >86 Oijzc tcst
Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj
`eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas.

ƨ
@g yju nrc tmc typc jg pcrsje (>)ZZZZZZ ijvcs tj kcct kney b`ggcrcet pcjpic grjk b`ggcrcet
ouiturcs neb sjo`ni stntus, tmce tmc o`ty i`gc `s dcttcr gjr yju. Rmc o`ty `s wmcrc pcjpic grjk nii
b`ggcrcet (4)ZZZZZZ neb stntus ojkc tj wjra neb i`vc dconusc cvcrytm`el `s sj ocetrni`zcb `e tmc
 M
o`ty. Rmc o`ty s pjpuint`je `s nisj kjrc ojeocetrntcb, sj yju nisj mnvc n m`lmcr omneoc jg
kcct`el pcjpic. @e tmc ojuetry, tmc b`stneoc dctwcce (?)ZZZZZZ pcjpic `s mnrbcr, sj `t `s icss

E
ojevce`cet tj kcct jtmcr pcjpic. (2)ZZZZZZ, `g yju wnet n dusy sjo`ni i`gc, tmc o`ty `s dcttcr.
@g yju mnvc nstmkn jr yju nrc rcniiy sces`t`vc tj (3)ZZZZZZ, tmce tmc ojuetry i`gcstyic `s dcst gjr
yju. @e tmc ojuetry tmcrc `s kuom icss pjiiut`je dconusc tmcrc nrc icss onrs, trngg`o neb `ebustr`ni
pinets `e tmc ojuetry. Rmcrc nrc nisj kjrc trccs, r`vcrs neb jtmcr enturni socecry. @g yju wnet
yjur a`bs tj rue nrjueb `e jpce neb sngc cev`rjekcets, tmce tmc ojuetry `s nisj kuom dcttcr.
>. N. wmj D. wmjk O. wmjsc B. wm`om

S P
4. N. bcvcijpkcet D. dnoalrjueb O. dnsckcet B. `est`tut`je

^
?. N. jtmcr D. cnom O. nejtmcr B. cvcry
2. N. Mjwcvcr D. Nitmjulm O. Kjrcjvcr B. Mceoc
3. N. pjiiutc D. pjiiutcb O. pjiiut`je B. pjiiutnet

K
Xnrt >>6 Tcnb`el ojkprcmces`je
ojkprcmces`je
Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj

Í
`eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes.
Sei`ac i`gc `e tmc ojuetrys`bc, wm`om `s jgtce ojes`bcrcb tj dc s`kpic neb trnb`t`jeni, i`gc `e

A
tmc o`ty `s kjbcre neb ojkpi`ontcb. Xcjpic grjk b`ggcrcet rcl`jes kjvc tj o`t`cs `e tmc mjpc jg
mnv`el n dcttcr i`gc gjr tmckscivcs neb tmc`r om`ibrce. \`tm picety jg fjd jppjrtue`t`cs nvn`indic
`e tmc o`ty, tmc `emnd`tnets wjra ns scorctnr`cs, dus`ecsskce, tcnomcrs, ljvcrekcet jgg`o`nis,
gnotjry wjracrs, strcct vcebjrs jr ojestruot`je wjracrs neb sj je.
Rmc m`lm ojst jg i`v`el rcqu`rcs o`ty bwciicrs, cspco`niiy tmjsc w`tm ijw `eojkc, tj wjra

ẨP
mnrbcr jr tj tnac pnrt-t`kc fjds. Gjr kney pcjpic, bn`iy i`gc typ`oniiy `evjivcs lctt`el up `e tmc
cnriy kjre`el tj bj cxcro`sc `e pudi`o pnras, prcpnr`el gjr n mnrb bny jg wjra`el neb stuby`el,
tmce trnvcii`el nijel orjwbcb djuicvnrbs jr enrrjw strccts g`iicb w`tm kjtjr sojjtcrs neb

B
rcture`el mjkc intc nt e`lmt. Rmcy usuniiy i`vc `e inrlc mjuscs, m`lm-r`sc npnrtkcet dijoas jr
cvce `e sknii rcetni rjjks cqu`ppcb w`tm kjbcre gno`i`t`cs, i`ac tmc @etcrect, tcicpmjec,
tcicv`s`je, neb sj je. @ebustr`ni`znt`je neb kjbcre`znt`je, ns wcii ns lijdni `etclrnt`je, mnvc

d`l `kpnots je i`gcstyic `e o`t`cs. Rmc kjst ejt`ocndic `kpnot `s tmc \cstcre styic jg oijtmcs. Rmc
Nj bn`, W`ctenkcsc trnb`t`jeni oijtmcs - `s ej ijelcr rcluinriy wjre `e W`ctenkcsc wjkce‐s

bn`iy i`gc.`s@estcnb,
>6 \mnt fcnes,
`bcnR-sm`rts neb gnsm`jendic oijtmcs nrc w`bciy prcgcrrcb.

I
tmc kn`e jg tmc pnssnlc:
N. I`gc `e tmc o`ty

@
D. Nbvnetnlcs jg i`v`el `e tmc o`ty
O. B`ggcrceocs dctwcce ojuetry i`gc neb o`ty i`gc

O
B. Ryp`oni i`gc jg n o`ty bwciicr

@
46 Rmc wjrb ’`kpnot‛ `e pnrnlrnpm 4 `s oijscst `e kcne`el tj ZZZZZZ.
N. cggcot D. not`je O. s`tunt`je B. gjroc

G
?6 Rmc kjst `kpjrtnet rcnsje wmy pcjpic kjvc tj tmc o`ty `s ZZZZZZ.
N. tj mnvc dusy bnys D. tj tnac pnrt-t`kc fjds

G
O. tj ijja gjr n dcttcr i`gc B. tj ijja gjr n ojkpi`ontcb i`gc
26 Noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc, o`ty i`gc one jggcr o`ty bwciicrs nii jg tmc gjiijw`el tm`els C]OCXR
ZZZZZZ.
N. tmc @etcrect
D. gr`cebiy ojkkue`ont`je w`tm ec`lmdjrs
O. n vnr`cty jg fjds `e b`ggcrcet g`cibs

EJ
B. kjbcre gno`i`t`cs
36 @ebustr`ni`znt`je neb kjbcre`znt`je kny icnb tj ZZZZZZ.

ƨ
N. tmc b`snppcnrneoc jg \cstcre-styicb oijtmcs D. omnelcs `e i`gcstyics
O. tmc gnot tmnt wjkce ej ijelcr wcnr Nj bn` B. lijdni `etclrnt`je

Xnrt >4. Rrnesgjrknt`je (tỾ iuẫe)

M
Ojkpictc tmc scojeb scetceoc sj tmnt `t mns n s`k`inr kcne`el tj tmc g`rst scetceoc. Pju
kust usc dctwcce tmrcc neb s`x wjrbs.
>. Rmc stubcets w`ii g`e`sm tmc`r Celi`sm ojursc nt tmc ceb jg Fuec.
 E
Rmc`r Celi`sm ojursc ……...........................…………...........
……...........................…………...........................
................……
…… nt tmc
t mc ceb jg Fuec.

P
w`ii dc g`e`smcb
4. \c nrc ec`lmdjurs bcsp`tc tmc gnot tmnt wc b`snlrcc ndjut sjkc tm`els.
 \c nrc ec`lmdjurs nitmjulm ......................…………...................
......................…………......................
... b`snlrcckcets ndjut sjkc tm`els.
wc mnvc

^S
?. Rmc pr`oc jg j`i `s cxpcotcb tj r`sc brnknt`oniiy.
 Rmcrc `s cxpcotcb tj ………………………………`e tmc pr`oc jg j`i.
dc n brnknt`o r`sc
2. Rmc Rjwe Ojueo`i mns knbc n eukdcr jg ejt`ocndic omnelcs tj tmc inyjut jg tmc rjnbs.

K
 Rmc inyjut jg tmc rjnbs mns……………………………..
dcce omnelcb ejt`ocndiy

Í
3. Pju nrce‐t niijwcb tj skjac `e pudi`o pinocs.
 Pju …………….`e pudi`o pinocs.

A
kuste‐t skjac
7. Pju one stjrc sknii pnoanlcs `e tmc jvcrmcnb ojkpnrtkcet.
 _knii pnoanlcs ………………………………………`e tmc jvcrmcnb ojkpnrtkcet.
One dc stjrcb
<. Rmcy bcs`lecb tmc nrcn tj nppcni tj yjuel pcjpic.
 Rmc nrcn ……………………………… tj nppcni tj yjuel pcjpic.

Ẩ P
wns bcs`lecb
=. Rmc ojkpney cxpjrtcb tmc`r prjbuots nii jvcr tmc wjrib.

B
 Rmc ojkpney's prjbuots ……………………………… nii jvcr tmc wjrib.
wcrc cxpjrtcb
0. Rmc pji`oc oijscb tmc rjnb tj bcni w`tm tmc noo`bcet.

 Rmc rjnb ……………………………………… tmc pji`oc sj tmcy ojuib bcni w`tm tmc noo`bcet.
wcrc gjueb
>8. \c w`ii cicot n ecw ljvcrekcet ecxt ycnr.
N ecw ………………………………………ecxt ycnr.

@ I
\`ii dc cicotcb

Xnrt >?6 \JTB GJTK

O
>. Rmcy mnvc `estniicb stntc-jg-tmc-nrt kcb`oni ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ tj mcip `kprjvc cnriy b`nlejs`s jg

@
tmc ojeb`t`je. (C^S@X)
C^S@XKCER

G
4. _pco`cs nrc nisj kjv`el jut jg Om`en nt ne ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ rntc, cspco`niiy pinets. (@EOTCN_C)
@EOTCN_@EL

G
?. N lrjup jg cxpcrts mns dcce drjulmt tjlctmcr tj suppjrt tmc ZZZZZZZZZZZZ jg tmc prjfcot.
(BCWCIJX)

J
BCWCIJXKCER
2. Knfjr cel`eccr`el omniicelcs w`ii dc gnocb bur`el ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ. (OJE_RTSOR)
OJE_RTSOR@JE
3. Jur a`ebecss neb lcecrjs`ty `s kuom ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ. (NXXTCO@NR@JE)

E
NXXTCO@NRCB
Xnrt >26 \r`t`el ne cssny

ƨ
\r`tc ne cssny jg >=8 wjrbs ndjut tmc `kpjrtneoc jg tmc ijoni ojkkue`ty.
Xnrt >36 Neswcr tmc qucst`jes (i`ac pnrt > `e @CIR_ tcsts)

M
Bj yju aejw yjur ec`lmdjurs:
Bj yju i`ac yjur ec`lmdjurs:
\mnt bj yju tm`ea jg yjur ec`lmdjurs:

E
Mjw jgtce bj yju scc (jr tnia tj) yjur ec`lmdjurs:
Bj yju tm`ea yju nrc n ljjb ec`lmdjur:
Xnrt >76 Knac n prcscetnt`je ndjut n tjp`o6
tjp`o6

P
\mnt smjuib yju bj tj knac yjur ojkkue`ty dcttcr:
 ^S
K
Í
A

B Ẩ P

OJKKSE@RP NEB @ERCTBCXCEBCEOC

I
Rmc ojkkue`ty `e wm`om wc i`vc ojkpr`scs jg tmc gnk`iy, tmc somjji neb tmc ec`lmdjurmjjb.
Rmc gnk`i`cs i`v`el oijsc tj jec nejtmcr, `e n pnrt`ouinr nrcn, gjrk n ec`lmdjurmjjb. I`v`el
tjlctmcr mcips `e sjiv`el vnr`jus a`ebs jg prjdicks dy kutuni l`vc neb tnac. N lrjup jg
ec`lmdjurmjjbs ojkpr`scs n v`iinlc jr n o`ty. Kney v`iinlcs neb o`t`cs tjlctmcr gjrk n ojuetry.

@
Ej ojuetry `e tmc wjrib one kcct tmc bcknebs jg `ts pcjpic `ebcpcebcetiy. Mceoc, Mceoc, cvcry gnk`iy,
ec`lmdjurmjjb, v`iinlc, o`ty jr ojuetry mns tj bcpceb je jec nejtmcr. @e jur bn`iy i`gc, wc

O
rcqu`rc tmc scrv`ocs jg gnrkcrs, tn`ijrs, cicotr`o`nes, piukdcrs, smjpaccpcrs, tcnomcrs, bjotjrs

@
neb kney kjrc spco`ni`sts neb sa`iicb wjracrs. Rmc `etcrbcpcebceoc `e cvcry spmcrc jg i`gc
prjkjtcs n gcci`el jg tjlctmcrecss, dcijel`elecss neb sjo`ni wcii-dc`el. Rm`s pnvcs tmc wny gjr

G
ojet`eujus bcvcijpkcet jg ojkkue`ty i`gc.
(BỾ pmôel) Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr

G
smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot
ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes.
qucst`jes.
O`t`cs nrc usuniiy guii jg pcjpic neb trngg`o. _jkct`kcs, trngg`o knacs `t b`gg`ouit gjr pcjpic tj lct

J
nrjueb. Mjwcvcr, d`ac-smnrc systcks l`vc pcjpic n b`ggcrcet wny tj ojkkutc. @e n d`ac-smnrc
systck, pcjpic pny tj usc n d`ac gjr n smjrt t`kc. @t's ojevce`cet dconusc tmcy one lct n d`ac
grjk ney d`ac stnt`je `e tmc o`ty. Rmcy tmce rcture `t nt nejtmcr d`ac stnt`je.
Rmcsc d`ac-smnrc systcks nrc vcry cnsy tj usc. Xcjpic one usc ne nppi`ont`je je tmc`r
sknrtpmjecs tj ijja gjr d`acs neb tj pny gjr tmck.Rmcy one nisj scc wmcrc tmc d`ac stnt`jes

E
nrc, neb tmc eukdcr jg pnra`el spnocs nvn`indic. D`a`el `s n omcnp neb gue wny jg cxpijr`el tmc

ƨ
o`ty. @t's mcnitmy neb cev`rjekcetniiy gr`cebiy, tjj.
D`ac smnr`el `s ejt ecw. @t stnrtcb `e Curjpc `e ndjut >073. _jkc jg tmc d`llcst d`ac-smnrc

M
systcks nrc tmc \umne Xudi`o D`oyoic `e Om`en neb Wci`d' `e Xnr`s. Dut d`ac smnr`el `s dcojk`el
kjrc pjpuinr ejw. @e 48>?, tmcrc wcrc kjrc tmne 388 d`ac-smnrc systcks `e 20 b`ggcrcet
ojuetr`cs.Rmcrc nrc ejw nikjst n k`ii`je d`acs `e d`ac-smnrc systcks wjribw`bc-288,888 jg

E
tmck `e Om`en nijec.
@e tmc guturc, d`ac smnr`el kny dc ne neswcr tj kney o`t`cs' trngg`o prjdicks.
>. \mnt `s tmc dcst t`tic gjr tmc
tmc pnssnlc:

P
N. O`t`cs je tmc kjvc D. O`t`cs `e tmc wjrib
O. O`t`cs `e tmc pnst B. O`t`cs `e tmc guturc
4. D`ac-smnrc nppi`ont`jes l`vc uscrs `egjrknt`je je tmc ZZZZZZ.
N. wcntmcr `e n o`ty D. ijont`je jg jtmcr oyoi`sts
O. ijont`je jg d`ac stnt`jes B. mcnitm jg tmc d`acrs
?. D`ac smnr`el `s cev`rjekcetniiy gr`cebiy dconusc `t lcts pcjpic tj ZZZZZZ.
 N. duy d`acs
tmc o`ty
D. br`vc icss
^S O. smnr
smnrcc tm
tmc`
c`rr d`ac
d`acss w`tm
w`tm jt
jtmc
mcrs
rs B. cx
cxp
pij
ijrc
rc

K
2. Rmc wjrb ’`t‛ `e pnrnlrnpm 4 rcgcrs tj ZZZZZZ.
n. d`a`el d. d`
d`ac
ac sm
smnr
nr`e
`ell O. cx
cxp
pij
ijr`
r`el
el tmc o`ty
o`ty B. pny`
pny`el
el gjr tm
tmcc d`acs
`acs

Í
3. D`ac-smnrc systcks `e ZZZZZZ mnvc tmc kjst eukdcr jg d`acs.
N. Grneoc D. Om`en O. tmc
tmc Se`t
Se`tcbcb _t
_tnt
ntcs
cs B. Curj
Curjpc
pc

A
P
BẨ

SE@R <6 @EWCER@JE

N. WJ
WJONONDSDSININTPTP

I
>. dniipj`et pce (e) döt d` >=. kjbc (e) /kɐʆb/ Oîom tmỠo
/ˍdɒ˘ipɒɦet pce/
4. Dneb-N`b (e) dďel oî emäe >0. pjrtndic (nbf) Oÿ tmỏ knel tmcj,
/ˍdçeb cɦb/ (e) /ˍpɒ˘rtɐdi/ xîom tny
?. `ea (e) /ɦŁa/ kỾo v`Ẻt 48. pr`vntc (nbf) T`æel tƸ

O @
/ˍprnɦvɐt/

@
2.kcnsurc (v) Ęj iƸớel 4>. strnp (v) /strçp/ Bäy, Ğn`
/ˍkcʔɐ(r)/

G
3.kcroury (e) RmỬy eläe 44. lijdc (e) /ɮiɐʆd/ tmẺ l`ố`, Rrî` Ğảt
/ˍkə˘rafɐr`/

G
7. k`orjsojpc (e) Aëem m`ỏe v` 4?. `estnetiy (nbv) Elny iẫp tỠo
/ˍknɦarɐsaɐʆp/ /ˍɦestɐeti`/

J
<. rjoact (e) /ˍrɞ˘aɦt/ Ræe iừn 42. icoturc (e) Dè` l`ắel
/ˍicatʏɐr/
=.I`qu`b-gucicb Ræe iừn em`æe i`Ọu 43. ijl`e (e) /ˍiɒ˘ɮɦe/ _Ỿ Ğďel emẫp

E
rjoact (e) iỊel

0. sonic (e) /sacɦi/ MỌ tmỞel om`n ĞỐ 43. ectwjra (e) KẮel iƸố`, kẮel

>8.Rckpcrnturc Rmnel em`Ọt ĞỐ 4/ˍectwə˘ra/

7. sjgtwnrc (e) XmẬe kỎk

Mƨ
sonic (e) /ˍtckprɐtʏɐr /ˍsɒ˘gtwcr/
sacɦi/

E
>>. tcicsojpc (e) Aëem v`ểe vịel 4<. @evcet`je (e) _Ỿ pmît k`em
/ˍtciɦsaɐʆp/ /ɦeˍvceʏe/
>4.tmcrkjkctcr (e) Em`Ọt aẺ 4=.@evcet (v) Xmît k`em

P
/νɐˍkɔkɦtɐ(r)/ /ɦeˍvcet/
>?. nttnom (v) /ɐˍtçtʏ/ LẪe vèj, bîe vèj 40.@evcetjr (e) Emè pmît k`em

S
/ɦeˍvcetɐr/
>2. nutjknt`oniiy KỐt oîom tỾ ĞỐel ?8. II``lmt duid ((ee)

^
(nbv) /ˉɒ˘tɐˍkçtɦai`/ /ˍinɦt dʉid/
>3. ondic (e) /ˍacɦdi/ Bäy oîp ?>. Knra (v) Ęîem bảu

>7. gnsm`jendic (nbf) Mữp tmớ` trnel ?4. Ojuetbjwe (v) ĘẺk elƸữo
/ˍgçʏeɐdi/ /ˍanʆetbnʆe/

ÍK
><. gnstce (v) /ˍgçse/ DuỐo omẼt, trÿ` omẼt
D. C]X
C]XTC_
TC__@J_@JE_E_ & JRJRMCT MCT __RTS
RTSORS
ORSTC_
TC_
pntcet (e,v) /ˍpçtet/ 6 dẾel sîel omẺ1 ĞƸữo oảp dẾel sîel omẺ
vcrsnt`ic (n) /'vɐ6sɐtn`i/ 6 Ğn eďel
 A
d`jb`csci (e) /ˍdnɦɐʆb`˘zi/ 6 em`æe i`Ọu s`em mịo

P
gnstcecr (e) /'gɞ6seɐ/ 6 amÿn (quẬe, îj)
ojiinpsc (v) /aɐˍiçps/ 6 xẺp iẮ`, oợp iẮ`

Ẩ
ojiinps`dic (n) /aɐ'içpsɐdi/ 6 oÿ tmỏ lảp iẮ`
O. LTNKKNT
Oîo ijẮ` KỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ

B
Oÿ mn` ijẮ` kỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ6 kỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ xîo Ğềem vè kỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ amòel xîo Ğềem.
>. KỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ xîo Ğềem (Bcg`e`el rcint`vc oinuscs)6
oinuscs)6 iè kỌem ĞỎ ĞƸữo bðel Ğỏ xîo Ğềem bnem tỡ ĞỠel
trƸốo eÿ. KỌem ĞỎ xîo Ğềem iè kỌem ĞỎ oẬe tm`Ẻt omj û elmĠn oỬn oäu, amòel oÿ eÿ oäu sẻ amòel ĞỬ elmĠn.

Eÿ ĞƸữo sừ bợel am` bnem tỡ iè bnem tỡ amòel xîo Ğềem vè amòel bðel bảu pmẠy elďe oîom eÿ vố` k kỌem
Ọem ĞỎ
omëem.

I
Cx6 Rm`s `s n tndic wm`om Knry djulmt ycstcrbny. (Bcg`e`el rcint`vc oinusc)
4. KỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ amòel mẮe Ğềem (Eje-bcg`e`el rcint`vc oinuscs)6 iè kỌem ĞỎ ouel oảp tmæk tmòel
t`e vỎ kỐt elƸớ`, kỐt vẫt mjẼo kỐt sỾ v`Ọo Ğï ĞƸữo xîo Ğềem. KỌem ĞỎ amòel xîo Ğềem iè kỌem ĞỎ amòel

@
emảt tm`Ẻt pmắ` oÿ trjel oäu, amòel oÿ eÿ oäu vạe ĞỬ elmĠn. Eÿ ĞƸữo sừ bợel am` bnem tỡ iè bnem tỡ xîo
xî o Ğềem
vè ĞƸữo elďe oîom vố` kỌem ĞỎ omëem dẾel kỐt mjẼo mn` bảu pmẠy (,) mny bảu lẮom elnel (-)
Cx6 Bnint, wm`om @ v`s`tcb inst sukkcr, `s vcry dcnut`gui. (Eje-bcg`e`el rcint`vc oinusc)
Ejtc
Ejtc6
- Am`6 bnem
Ğỏ d`Ẻt
ttỡỡ am`
kè eèj bðel kỌem ĞỎ qune
bnemmỌ
ttỡỡ amòel
r`æel xîo Ğềem, tn iƸu û oîo Ğ`ỏk snu6

@ O
eÿ dồ elmĠn iièè kỐt

G
- Am` bnem tỡ kè eÿ dồ elmĠn iè kỐt tëem tỡ sỚ mỪu (ky, m`s, mcr, tmc`r)
- Am` bnem tỡ kè eÿ dồ elmĠn in kỐt bnem tỡ Ğ` vố` tm` tm`s,
s, tmnt, tmcsc, tmjsc

G
@W. KỐt sỞ iƸu û trjel kỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ
>. EẺu trjel kỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ oÿ l`ố` tỡ tmé l`ố` tỡ oÿ tmỏ ĞẼt trƸốo mjẼo snu kỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ (omỀ îp

J
bợel vố` wmjk vè wm`om.)
Cx6 Kr. Drjwe `s n e`oc tcnomcr. \c stub`cb w`tm m`k inst ycnr.
↔ Kr. Drjwe, w`tm wmjk wc stub`cb inst ycnr, `s n e`oc tcnomcr.

E
↔ Kr. Drjwe, wmjk wc stub`cb w`tm inst ycnr, `s n e`oc tcnomcr.
4. Oÿ tmỏ bðel wm`om tmny omj oắ kỌem ĞỎ ĞỠel trƸốo.
Cx6 _mc one‐t ojkc tj ky d`rtmbny pnrty. Rmnt knacs kc snb. ↔ _mc one‐t ojkc tj ky d`rtmbny pnrty,
wm`om knacs kc snb.
?. ổ về trë töo tỡ, wmjk oÿ tmỏ ĞƸữo tmny dẾel wmj.
Cx6 @‐b i`ac tj tnia
ĞỎ tj tmc kne wmjk
Ğềem/ ,wmj @ kct
tn nt
oÿyjur
ƨ
d`rtmbny
oîo ĞẮ`pnrty.

EM
2. Rrjel kỌem qune mỌ xîo omöel tmỏ dỊ tỡ qune mỌ ièk töo tỡ6wmjk, wm`om.
Cx6 Rmc l`ri yju kct ycstcrbny `s ky oijsc gr`ceb. Rmc djja yju icet kc wns vcry `etcrcst`el.
3. Oîo oợk tỡ omỀ sỞ iƸữel sjkc jg, djtm jg, nii jg, ec`tmcr jg, kney jg, ejec jg … oÿ tmỏ ĞƸữo bðel
trƸốo wmjk, wm`om vè wmjsc.

P
Cx6 @ mnvc twj s`stcrs, djtm jg wmjk nrc stubcets. _mc tr`cb je tmrcc brcsscs, ejec jg wm`om g`ttcb mcr.
I@_RCE@EL

S
Xnrt >6 G`ii `e tmc dineas
I`stce tj pnrt jg n rnb`j rcpjrt. \r`tc JEC \JTB JT N ESKDCT `e cnom lnp.

^
Gjur mjuscs gjr spjrts gnes
_ukkcri`e, Ecvnbn
Mjusc w`tm `ebjjr dnsactdnii ojurt, linss wnii neb (>) ZZZZZZ kje`tjrs `e kney jg tmc rjjks.
Xr`oc6 jvcr $ (4) ZZZZZZ k`ii`je.
Neanrn, Ruracy
Mjusc w`tm n m`lm oi`kd`el wnii w`tm tmc nppcnrneoc jg enturni rjoa, du`it dy ne (?) ZZZZZZ ojkpney
Onstic Tjoa, Ojijrnbj

AÍK
Mjusc w`tm n dnscdnii g`cib. _urrjuebcb dy n gceoc neb w`tm (2) ZZZZZZ dcm`eb `t.
Spbjwe, ecnr Ijebje
$ >38 k`ii`je
k`ii`je mjusc ojkpictcb `e (3) ZZZZZZ. Mns n lyk neb gno`i`t`cs gjr djwi`el, mjrsc - r`b`el, squnsm

P
neb gjjtdnii p`tom.
I`stce tj tmc b`nijluc neb omjjsc tmc ojrrcot icttcr N, D, neb O.

Ẩ
>. \m
\mnt
nt `s
`s tm
tmcc djy
djy ij
ijja
ja`e
`ell gj
gjr:
r:
N. N tndic D. N ojkputcr O. N ojkputcr
4. Noo
Noojrb`
jrb`el
el tj tm
tmcc pnssn
pnssnlc,
lc, ZZ
ZZZZZZ
ZZZZ mmns
ns ljt du
du`it
`it-`e
-`e 2L
2L..

B
N. tmc _p`rni ? D. tmc _p`rni 2 O. tmc _p`rni 3
?. \m`om tm`els bjcs mc wnet tj duy:
N. N tndict neb X@E D. Rmc _p`rni 3 neb n dinoa onsc O. N dnttcry neb n ojijrcb onsc.
2. Mjw kuom nrc tmcy `e tjtni:

N. £ >38 D. £ ><3 O. £ 488

3. Noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc, wmnt `s EJR truc `egjrknt`je:

I
N. Mc pnys dy m`s bcd`t onrb.
D. Mc bjcse‐t rcoc`vc m`s rcoc`pt.
O. Mc wnets tj mnvc n dinoa onsc gjr m`s ecw tndict.

@
IC]@OJ
IC] @OJ-- LTNKK
LTNKKNT NT
Xnrt ?6 Xmject`os
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc uebcri`ecb pnrt b`ggcrs
grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. N. sknrtpmjec
4.
?. N.
N. lc
lprjocss
cecrjus
D. gns
D.
gnsttcecr

D. vojelc
ciorjst`je
O. pjrtndic
O.
O. v`b
v`bccjsk
B. ojs
ojsttiy
B.
B. `ev
`evccetjr
O
GG@
prjocs sjr ojelcs tjur`
tjur`s ns
nsss`lekcet
2. N. pnt
pntcet D. `esp`rnt`je O. pnt`cet B. ent
ent`je
3. N. in
inptjp D. ppnnss`je O. sknsm B. `k`tntc

J
Xnrt 26 _trcss
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr
tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes
>. N. @etcrect D. dcecg`t O. `evcet`je B. tcicpmjec

E
4. N. nbvnetnlc D. ojkputcr O. ocetury B. nttcet`je
?. N. mji`bny D. gnk`iy O. trnb`t`je B. prjocssjr

ƨ
2. N. tcicsojpc D. kcroury O. kckjry B. `evcetjr
3. N. nppi`ont`je D. cxpcr`kcet O. indjrntjry B. nutjknt`je

M
Xnrt 36 Kuit`pic omj`oc (vjonduinry, ojiijont`jes, pmrnsni vcrds, prcpjs`t`jes, wjrb gjrks, lrnkknr,
ojevcrsnt`je)
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc
gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

E
>. @DK \nts
\ntsje je `s ne nrt`
nrt`g`o`ni
g`o`niiyiy `etc
`etcii`lce
ii`lcett ojkput
ojkputcr cr systck ZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZ jg ne neswcr`el
swcr`el qu
qucst`je
cst`jess pjscb `e

P
enturni inelunlc.
N. onpndic D. nwnrc O. ndic B. gjeb
4. Nicxne
Nicxnebcr
bcr Gick
Gickk`el,
k`el, ZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZ b`s
b`sojvcrcb
ojvcrcb ppce`o`i
ce`o`ii`e,
i`e, rcoc`vcb
rcoc`vcb ttmc
mc Ejdci Xr`zc `e >023.
N. wmj
?. Pju bje
bje‐t
‐t ijj
ijjaa vcry w
D. wm`om
wcii.
S
cii. Ict‐s uusc
O. wmjsc
sc tmc ZZZZZZ ttjj omcoa yjur tc tckpcrntu
kpcrnturc.
rc.
B. wmjk

^
N. tmcrkjkctcr D. tckpcrnturc sonic O. k`orjsojpc B. ?B pr`et`el
2. Xctcr ii`acs
`acs tj ss`t
`t `e ttmc
mc lnrbce neb uscs m` m`ss ZZZZZZ ttjj ijja nt tmc stn
stnrs
rs `e tmc say.
N. rjoact D. tcicsojpc O. k`orjsojpc B. c-rcnbcr

K
3. Fjme Ij
Ijubub wns ne ne Nkcr`
Nkcr`one one ZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZ bcs`
bcs`lecb
lecb ttmc
mc g`rst dniip
dniipj`et
j`et ppce.
ce.
N. `evcetjr D. `evcet O. `evcet`je B. `evcet`vc

Í
7. Kny @ djdjrrjw
rrjw yyjur
jur ZZZZZZZ:
ZZZ: @ eeccbccb ttjj ejtc bbjwe
jwe sjsjkct
kctm`e
m`el.
l.
N. Dneb-N`b D. tcicv`s`je O. onkcrn B. dniipj`et pce
<. _jk
_jkcc orcnturcs
orcnturcs nrnrcc t`e
t`eyy sj pcjp
pcjpicic ecc
eccbb n ZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZ tj scc tm tmck.
ck.
N. cnrpmjecs D. enpp`el p`iijw O. k`orjsojpc B. omjpst`oas

A
=. Knr
Knry6
y6 On
Onee yju ssmjw
mjw k kcc mjw ttjj usc ttm`s
m`s ttcic
cicsojp
sojpc:c:

P
Xctcr6 ZZZZZZ
N. Ojkpictciy D. Ocrtn`eiy O. Xjss`diy B. _urciy

Ẩ
0. Pju smsmjuib
juib ZZZZZZ tmc ddnttcrynttcry guiiy dcgjrc us`el yjur ssknrtpmj
knrtpmjec.ec.
N. Nppiy D. b`spiny O. stjrc B. omnrlc

B
>8. _jkc npps ZZZZZZ pcjpi pcjpicc tj ojetrji tmc`r bcv` bcv`ocs
ocs dy us`el spjace ojkkneb
ojkknebs. s.
N. niijw D. knac O. nppiy B. ict
>>. Xctcr Mceic`e, ZZZZZZwns n Lcrkne oijoaknacr, `evcetcb tmc wntom `e >383.
N. wmj D. wm`om O. tmnt B. wmjk
>4. ZZZZZZ onr on onee br`vc tmctmckscivcs
kscivcs w w`tm
`tm i`t
i`ttic
tic muk
muknene ojetrji
ojetrji..

N. _knrt D. Br`vce O. Br`vcricss B. Eje-br`vcr

>?. Pju eccb tj `est
`estnii
nii tmc ecw ZZZZ
ZZZZZZ
ZZ tj v`cw tmc g`i
g`ic.
c.
 I
N. mnrbwnrc D. sjgtwnrc O. prjocss B. TNK
>2. ZZZZZZ `etci
`etcii`lceo
i`lceocc niijws ojkputcr
ojkputcrss tj ojpy mukne ojetrji
ojetrji..
N. Wniundic D. Sscgui O. Nrt`g`o`ni B. Mcipgui

@
>3. Rm`s bcv`o
bcv`occ `s ejt ZZZZZZ gjr om`iom`ibrce.
brce.
N. su`tndic D. vniundic O. vnr`jus B. nrt`g`o`ni
>7. Kney `evce
`evcet`jes
t`jes nrc n rcsui
rcsuitt jg onrcgui ZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZ..
N. Cxpcr`ceocs
><. Rmcy ZZZZZZ strcc
N. oommnrlcb
D. cxpcr`kcets

D. `estniicb
>=. I`em6 Bnb, @ eccb yjur mcip. Ky ojkput ojkputcr
O. cxcro`scs
strcctt onkcrns `e tmc o`ty tj g`lmt or`kc.
or`kc.
O. b`spinycb
cr stjppcb wjra`
wjra`el.
el.
O
B. cxpijrnt`jes

@
B. stjrcb

Bnb6
N. PjZZZZZZ.
u one tur\n`t
e `t jgjr
e n scojeb neb tmce ture `t je nln`e. D. Rure `t jgg
O. Rure `t je

N. cbuont`je D. cbuont`jeni
B. Pju smjuibe‐t ture `t jgg.
>0. Ss`el b`l`tni bcv`ocs ``ee oinss one mcip stubcets `kprjvc tmc`r ZZZZZZ cxpcr`ceoc `e kney wnys.
O. cbuontjr
48. _knrt djnrbs, ZZZZZZ nrc uscb `e kney somjjis, dr`el kney dcecg`ts tj tj stubcets. J G
B. cbuont`jeniiy G
E
N. wmj D. wm`om O. tmnt B. wmjsc
Xnrt 76 _yejeyk

ƨ
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el tj tmc
uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

M
>. @ ijvc ky pjrtndic inptjp dconusc `t‐s sj cnsy tj onrry cvcrywmcrc.
N. `eojevce`cet D. kjvndic O. mcnvy B. inrlc
4. Rmc pnt`ce
pnt`cett w
wns
ns aacpt
cpt ni`vc
ni`vc ddyy tm
tmcc nrt`g`o`ni mcnrt ngtcr 4 mjur-surlcry `e tmc mjsp`tni.
N. kne-knbc
Xnrt <6 Netjeyk
Knra
D. gnac

tmc icttcrwjrb(s)
N, D, O,`ejr B je jg yjur
O. rcni
E
neswcr smcct
B. jr`l`eni

tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC `e kcne`el

P
tj tmc uebcri`ecb cnom tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. N sknrtpmjec `s tjj ojstiy gjr m`k tj cvce mnvc n ejrkni jec.
N. cojejk`oni
4. _pcnacrs nrc tjj duiay
D. cxpces`vc
S
duiay.. Pju oneejt put tmck `e yjur dnl jr yjur pjoact.
O. pr`ocicss B. vniundic

^
N. l`net D. mcnvy O. inrlc B. t`ey
Xnrt =6 Crrjr @bcet`g`ont`je
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs

K
ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. C-r
C-rcnb
cnbcr crss usc
uscbb gjr rcn rcnb`b`el
el tc tcxt
xtss dju
djulm lmtt grj
grjk k jei`e
jei`ecc stjstjrcs
rcs..

Í
N. uscb D. gjr O. rcnb`el B. grjk
4. Ky gnt gntmcr
mcr wjwjrasras gjr n oj ojkpkpneyney wm wmjj knac
knacss inptinptjps
jps neb tn tndi
dict
cts.
s.

A
N. wjras D. n O. wmj B. neb
?. Enk
Enk,, tm tmnt
nt bb`be
`be‐t‐t ttnac
nac nneyey cxt
cxtrnrn oi
oinssc
nsscs, s, lj
ljtt tm
tmcc m`
m`lmcs
lmcstt sojrc
sojrc `e tmc Knt Kntms ms cxcxnk.
nk.
N. tmnt D. ney O. tmc m`lmcst B. ` e
LTNKKNT

P
Xnrt 06 RỸ ISẩE

Ẩ
Tcwr`tc tmc scetceocs us`el n Eje-bcg`e`el rcint`vc oinusc jr Bcg`e`el rcint`vc oinusc ns `e tmc
cxnkpic.

B
Cl66 _`kje mns fust rcicnscb n OB. Mc `s ky gr`ceb.
Cl
-5 _`kje, wmj `s ky gr`ceb, mns fust rcicnscb n OB.
>. Rmc tjwestjwespcjpic
pcjpic rn rn`scb
`scb cejulm k kjecy
jecy tj du`i du`ibb n ecw tjwe mni mnii.i. @ts pr`bc `e tmc`r tmc`r ojkk
ojkkue`ty
ue`ty ``ss wcii-
aejwe.
..............................................................................................................................

4. Rmc k knene `s mmcr cr gntmcr.

gntmcr. Pju Pju kc kctt m`k inst wcca wcca..
..............................................................................................................................

I
?. Vjc i` i`acs
acs tmtmcc diuc R R-sm`
-sm`rt.
rt. Ky s` s`stc
stcrr `s wcnr
wcnr`el `el `t `t..
..............................................................................................................................
2. _mjw k kcc tmc ec ecw w mnts.
mnts. Pju ddjul julmt mt tm
tmck
ck in inst
st e`
e`lmt
lmt..

@
..............................................................................................................................
3. Vjc mmns ns n s` s`stc
stcr.r. Mc
Mcrr s`s
s`stcr
tcr‐s
‐s enk
enkcc `s FFukn.ukn.
..............................................................................................................................
7. Rmc Xno`g`
jocne.
Xno`g`oo Jocne, wm` wm`om om k`lmt mn mnvc
vc dcce orjsscorjsscbb dy rngt bur` bur`elel tmc _tjec N Nlc,

.............................................................................................................................. O
lc, `s tmc wjri
wjrib‐s
b‐s inrlcs
inrlcstt
<. Rmnt `s n ojk ojkpneypney.. @t prjb
prjbuocs
uocs r`e r`els.
ls.
..............................................................................................................................
G @
=. Rmc om`om`ibrce
ibrce w wcrc
crc ntt
nttrnotcb
rnotcb dy tmc smjw. @@tt wns pcrgjrkcb sj kney kney..

0. ..............................................................................................................................
Ky dc dcst
st gr`
gr`ceb
ceb on onee ojkp
ojkpjsc jsc sjesjels.
ls. Iy s`els gjia ssjels jels vvcrycry wci
wcii.i.

mnppces ces `e intc Fneunry jr cnriy Gcdrunry. Gcdrunry.

JG
..............................................................................................................................
>8. Rct `s n gcst`vni. Rct jgtce mnpp

E
..............................................................................................................................
TCNB@EL

ƨ
Xnrt >86 Oijzc tcst
Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el
gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcc smcctt tj `eb`ontc tmc

M
ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas
Rmc vnouuk oicnecr wns `evcetcb `e >08> dy cel`eccr Mudcrt Oco`i Djjtm. Rmc `evcet`je mns omnelcb
tmc wny (>) ZZZZZZ us oicne jur mjkcs cvcr s`eoc. Djjtm wns dcttcr aejwe nt tmc t`kc gjr (4) ZZZZZZ

E
suspces`je dr`blcs neb gn`rlrjueb Gcrr`s wmccis. Mc wns g`rst ckpijycb dy Knubsiny, _jes neb G`cib `e
Inkdctm `e tmc >=08s. Dut `e >08> mc turecb m`s sa`ii tj onrpct oicne`el ngtcr w`tecss`el tmc bckjestrnt`je
jg n ecw knom`ec nt Ijebje‐s Ckp`rc Kus`o Mnii. Mc rcni`scb tmnt tmc knom`ec je b`spiny mnb n scr`jus
crrjr. @e ne cggjrt tj i`gt tmc bust jgg tmc onrpct neb (?) ZZZZZZ tmc ojiicot`je dnl, `t wns knbc tj dijw jut
n`r.
g`itcrRmc `evcet
`evcetjr
jrnot`oni.
nsscrtcb
i. tmnt Dj
Djjtm's
jtm's sullcs
sullcst`je
t`je gjr ne nitcren
nitcrent`vc
t`vc kctmjb ‟ suoa`el up tmc b` b`rt
rt tmrjulm n

S P
g`itc r ‟ wns `kpr
`kprnot`on
Noocpt`el tmc omniicelc, Djjtm sct jgg je n k`ss`je tj (2) ZZZZZZ n knom`ec tmnt wjuib suoa, ejt dijw.

^
Ngtcr scvcrni tcsts, `e jec jg wm`om mc omjacb
o mjacb ngtcr putt`el n mnebacrom`cg 'g`itcr' jvcr m`s kjutm neb suoa`el
up bust grjk tmc nrk jg n omn`r, Djjtm suooccbcb
suoocc bcb `e putt`el m`s `bcn `etj prnot`oc. Mc tmce gjrkcb tmc Dr`t`sm
Wnouuk Oicnecr Ojkpney neb inueomcb (3) ZZZZZZ ecw bcv`oc. Rm`s knom`ec wns scce bj`el tmc rjuebs

K
jg wcnitmy Ijebjecrs' mjkcs nt tmc stnrt jg tmc 48tm ocetury.
(Nbnptcb grjk mttps6//www.so`ceockuscuk.jrl.ua)

Í
>. NN.. kjstiy D. kjst jg O. kjst B. nikjst
4. N. tj bcs`le D. bcs`le`el O. bcs`lecr B. bcs`lecb

A
?. N. `etj D. tj O. jut B. gjr
2. N. tnac D. scii O. prjbuoc B. b j
3. N. smc D. mcr O. mc B. m`s
Xnrt >>6 Tcnb`el ojkprcmces`je
Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc
ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes

Ẩ P
_jkct`kcs, noo`bcets one icnb tj wjebcrgui `evcet`jes, suom ns `e tmc onscs dcijw.

B
Xjst-`t Ejtcs
@e >07=, Br. _pceocr _`ivcr wns try`el tj `evcet n supcr strjel liuc wm`om br`cb `kkcb`ntciy. Mjwcvcr,
mc wns ejt suoocssgui neb ojuib jeiy `evcet n vcry wcna liuc tmnt ecvcr scckcb tj bry. Neb tmnt wns mjw
tmc Xjst-@t ejtc wns `evcetcb dy omneoc.
Ojon-Ojin

@e >==7, Fjme Xckdcrtje wns try`el tj g`eb n ourc gjr mcnbnomcs. Mc tr`cb tj k`x tjlctmcr sjkc
`elrcb`cets, dut wmce m`s ind nss`stnet nbbcb g`zzy wntcr dy noo`bcet, tmc wjrib's g`rst Ojon-Ojin wns djre.
Or`sps

I
@e >=3?, n omcg enkcb Lcjrlc Oruk rcoc`vcb ojkpin`ets grjk n oustjkcr nt m`s rcstnurnet tmnt tmc gr`cb
pjtntjcs mc ojjacb wcrc tjj tm`oa neb dineb. Mc wns sj neejycb tmnt mc bco`bcb tj si`oc tmctmc pjtntjcs ns tm`e

@
ns pjss`dic, gry tmck neb nbb n ijt jg snit. Rj m`s surpr`sc, tmc oustjkcr ijvcb tmc b`sm, neb wc mnvc nisj
ijvcb `t uet`i tjbny ns wcii!
>. \m`om `s tmc dcst t`tic gjr tm`s tcxt:
N. Dcst `evcet`jes `e tmc wjrib
D. Dcst `evcet`jes `e tmc wjrib
O. Gjjbs b`sojvcrcb dy noo`bcet
B. @evcet`jes knbc dy iuoa
@ O
G
4. \mj mcipcb `evcet Ojon-Ojin:
N. N so`cet`st D. N ind nss`stnet O. N omcg B. N tcnomcr

G
?. Rmc wjrb ’g`zzy
’g`zzy‛‛ `e tmc pnssnlc `s oijscst `e kcne`el tj ZZZZ.
N. spnrai`el D. st`ii O. sjgt B. bconggc`entcb
2. Rmc wjrb ’`t
’`t‛‛ `e tmc pnssnlc rcgcrs tj ZZZZ.
N. Or`sps D. Xjst-`t ejtcs O. Ojon-Ojin B. Ejec jg tmc ndjvc
3. \m`om one dc
N. Xjst-`t `kpi`cb
ejtcs ojuibgrjk tmc Xjst-`t ejtcs `evcet`je:
bry qu`oaiy.
D. Gn`iurc one notuniiy dc suoocss.
O. Br. _pceocr wns mnppy w`tm tmc g`eni rcsuit.
J
 E
ƨ
B. Br. _pceocr ecvcr suooccbcb `e g`eb`el n strjel liuc `e m`s i`gc.

M
\JTB GJTK6
>. Rmc oijoa ZZZZZZZZZZZ rcnbrcnbfus
fusts
ts wmce yju cet
cetcr
cr n ecw
ecw t`kc
t`kc zje
zjec.
c. (nutjknt`o)

E
4. Rmjkns Cb`sje wns tmc ZZZZZZZZZZZ jg tmc cicotr`o i`lmt duid. (@EWCER)
?. \c one ejw ojkkue`ontc ZZZZZZZZZZZ w`tm pcjpic je tmc jtmcr s`bc jg tmc wjrib. (`estneoc)
2. _uipmur b`jx`bc `s jec jg scvcrni ZZZZZZZZZZZ tmnt nrc rcicnscb `etj tmc ntkjspmcrc dy ojni-g`rcb
pjwcr stnt`jes. (XJIISRC)
P
3. Rmc `esurneoc pji`oy prjv`bcsZZZZZZZZZZZ `e onsc jg noo`bcetni ijss jg i`gc jr scr`jus `efury.
(XTJRCOR)
7.
\T@R@EL
Tcwr`tc
Tcwr`
Xnrt >46 Rrnesgjrknt`je
tc tmc gjiijw`el scet scetceocs ^S
ceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`e kcne`ell ns tmc l`vce jecs.

K
>. @ dju
djulmtlmt tm`s
tm`s ojkp
ojkputc utcrr wmc
wmcee @ wns >3. ((s`eo s`eoc) c)
..............................................................................................................................

Í
4. C-rcnbcr
C-rcnbcrss mcip us rcnb djjas djulmt djulmt gr grjk
jk jei`jei`ecec stjr
stjrcs
cs cns`i
cns`iy.y. (nii
(niijw)
jw)
..............................................................................................................................

A
?. Rmc no noo`b
o`bcet
cet mnmnppce
ppcecb cb je ky wn wnyy tj IjebIjebje. je. (t(trnvc
rnvci`ei`el)
l)
..............................................................................................................................
2. @ mnv
mnvcc uscuscbb tmtm`s`s iinpt
nptjp
jp gjgjrr ky stuby
stuby gjr g`vc ycnrs. ycnrs. (Nl(Nlj) j)

P
.............................................................................................................................
3. ^un
^unel el nesw
neswcrcbcrcb ttmcmc pmj
pmjec.ec. Mc ttjibjib kc yj yjuu wcrc ju jut.
t. (wm
(wmj) j)
..............................................................................................................................
7. Bj yju aejw ttmc mc enkc jg tmc kne: M` M`ss inptj
inptjpp wns ddrjace.rjace. ((wmjsc)
wmjsc)
..............................................................................................................................

BẨ
<. Rcces usc Gnocdjja
Gnocdjja.. @t one mn mnvc
vc n pjs`
pjs`t`vc
t`vc `k`kpnot
pnot je sj sjo`cty
o`cty.. (wm`om
(wm`om// tmnttmnt))
..............................................................................................................................
=. @ tnia
tniacbcb tj n l`ri. Mcr d`a d`acc drjac bjwe ``ee grjet jg tmc smjp. (w (wmjsc)
mjsc)
..............................................................................................................................

0. Mcr pn pnrcets
rcets wje‐t ict mcr dr` dr`elel mcr @Xnb ttjj somj somjji ji (ni
(niijwcb)
ijwcb)
..............................................................................................................................
>8. Knry wr`tcs n dijl. @t `s n`kcb nt mcr prjdicks neb wjrr`cs. (wm`om/t (wm`om/tmnt) mnt)
..............................................................................................................................
Xnrt >?6 \r`t`el ne cssny.

@ I
\r`tc ne cssny jg >=8 wjrbs
Rm`ea jg neb wr`tc ndjut ne `evcet`je wm`om ojuib dc uscgui gjr cvcry `e jur sjo`cty. Rmc `evcet`je
ojuib dc `knl`enry. Ssc tmc sullcstcb qucst`jes dcijw tj mcip yju.
\mnt `s tmc `evcet`je:
\mj `s tmc `evcetjr:
@ O
G
\mnt nrc `ts dcecg`ts: L`vc sjkc cxpinent`je neb/jr cxnkpics.
Mjw `kpjrtnet/uscgui `s tmc `evcet`je/ w`ii tmc `evcet`je dc gjr jur sjo`cty:

G
_XCNA@EL
Xnrt >26 Rnia ndjut jec jg tmc `evcet`jes `e yjur bn`iy i`gc. Neswcr tmc qucst`jes6

J
>. \mnt `s `t:
4. \mnt nrc `ts uscs: / \mnt nrc sjkc cxnkpics:
?. Mnvc yju cvcr uscb `t: \mce/ \mcrc/ Mjw (jgtce) bj yju usc `t:
2. Mjw `kpjrtnet `s `t `e jur bn`iy i`gc:

3. Bj>36
Xnrt yjuKnac
i`ac us`el `t: prcscetnt`je ndjut jec jg tmc kjst `evcet`jes wm`om yju i`ac dcst.
n smjrt

ƨE
M
E
 P
S
K ^
Í
A
P
Ẩ
B
SE@R <6 @EWCER@JE
N. WJ
WJONONDSDSININTPTP

I
>. dniipj`et pce (e) döt d` >=. kjbc (e) /kɐʆb/ Oîom tmỠo
/ˍdɒ˘ipɒɦet pce/
4. Dneb-N`b (e) dďel oî emäe >0. pjrtndic (nbf) Oÿ tmỏ knel tmcj,
/ˍdçeb cɦb/ (e) /ˍpɒ˘rtɐdi/ xîom tny
?. `ea (e) /ɦŁa/ kỾo v`Ẻt 48. pr`vntc (nbf) T`æel tƸ

O @
/ˍprnɦvɐt/

@
2.kcnsurc (v) Ęj iƸớel 4>. strnp (v) /strçp/ Bäy, Ğn`
/ˍkcʔɐ(r)/

G
3.kcroury (e) RmỬy eläe 44. lijdc (e) /ɮiɐʆd/ tmẺ l`ố`, Rrî` Ğảt
/ˍkə˘rafɐr`/

G
7. k`orjsojpc (e) Aëem m`ỏe v` 4?. `estnetiy (nbv) Elny iẫp tỠo
/ˍknɦarɐsaɐʆp/ /ˍɦestɐeti`/

J
<. rjoact (e) /ˍrɞ˘aɦt/ Ræe iừn 42. icoturc (e) Dè` l`ắel
/ˍicatʏɐr/
=.I`qu`b-gucicb Ræe iừn em`æe i`Ọu 43. ijl`e (e) /ˍiɒ˘ɮɦe/ _Ỿ Ğďel emẫp

E
rjoact (e) iỊel

0. sonic (e) /sacɦi/ MỌ tmỞel om`n ĞỐ 43. ectwjra (e) KẮel iƸố`, kẮel
/ˍectwə˘ra/

Mƨ
>8.Rckpcrnturc Rmnel em`Ọt ĞỐ 47. sjgtwnrc (e) XmẬe kỎk
sonic (e) /ˍtckprɐtʏɐr /ˍsɒ˘gtwcr/
sacɦi/

E
>>. tcicsojpc (e) Aëem v`ểe vịel 4<. @evcet`je (e) _Ỿ pmît k`em
/ˍtciɦsaɐʆp/ /ɦeˍvceʏe/
>4.tmcrkjkctcr (e) Em`Ọt aẺ 4=.@evcet (v) Xmît k`em

P
/νɐˍkɔkɦtɐ(r)/ /ɦeˍvcet/
>?. nttnom (v) /ɐˍtçtʏ/ LẪe vèj, bîe vèj 40.@evcetjr (e) Emè pmît k`em

S
/ɦeˍvcetɐr/
>2. nutjknt`oniiy KỐt oîom tỾ ĞỐel ?8. II``lmt duid ((ee)

^
(nbv) /ˉɒ˘tɐˍkçtɦai`/ /ˍinɦt dʉid/
>3. ondic (e) /ˍacɦdi/ Bäy oîp ?>. Knra (v) Ęîem bảu

>7. gnsm`jendic (nbf) Mữp tmớ` trnel ?4. Ojuetbjwe (v) ĘẺk elƸữo
/ˍgçʏeɐdi/ /ˍanʆetbnʆe/
><. gnstce (v) /ˍgçse/ DuỐo omẼt, trÿ` omẼt
D. C]X
C]XTC_
TC__@J
_@JE_E_ & JRJRMCT
MCT __RTS
RTSORS ORSTC_
TC_
 ÍK
pntcet (e,v) /ˍpçtet/ 6 dẾel sîel omẺ1 ĞƸữo oảp dẾel sîel omẺ

A
vcrsnt`ic (n) /'vɐ6sɐtn`i/ 6 Ğn eďel
d`jb`csci (e) /ˍdnɦɐʆb`˘zi/ 6 em`æe i`Ọu s`em mịo

P
gnstcecr (e) /'gɞ6seɐ/ 6 amÿn (quẬe, îj)
ojiinpsc (v) /aɐˍiçps/ 6 xẺp iẮ`, oợp iẮ`

Ẩ
ojiinps`dic (n) /aɐ'içpsɐdi/ 6 oÿ tmỏ lảp iẮ`
O. LTNKKNT
Oîo ijẮ` KỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ

B
Oÿ mn` ijẮ` kỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ6 kỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ xîo Ğềem vè kỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ amòel xîo Ğềem.
>. KỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ xîo Ğềem (Bcg`e`el rcint`vc oinuscs)6
oinuscs)6 iè kỌem ĞỎ ĞƸữo bðel Ğỏ xîo Ğềem bnem tỡ ĞỠel
trƸốo eÿ. KỌem ĞỎ xîo Ğềem iè kỌem ĞỎ oẬe tm`Ẻt omj û elmĠn oỬn oäu, amòel oÿ eÿ oäu sẻ amòel ĞỬ elmĠn.

Eÿ ĞƸữo sừ bợel am` bnem tỡ iè bnem tỡ amòel xîo Ğềem vè amòel bðel bảu pmẠy elďe oîom eÿ vố` k kỌem
Ọem ĞỎ
omëem.

I
Cx6 Rm`s `s n tndic wm`om Knry djulmt ycstcrbny. (Bcg`e`el rcint`vc oinusc)
4. KỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ amòel mẮe Ğềem (Eje-bcg`e`el rcint`vc oinuscs)6 iè kỌem ĞỎ ouel oảp tmæk tmòel
t`e vỎ kỐt elƸớ`, kỐt vẫt mjẼo kỐt sỾ v`Ọo Ğï ĞƸữo xîo Ğềem. KỌem ĞỎ amòel xîo Ğềem iè kỌem ĞỎ amòel
emảt tm`Ẻt pmắ` oÿ trjel oäu, amòel oÿ eÿ oäu vạe ĞỬ elmĠn. Eÿ ĞƸữo sừ bợel am` bnem tỡ iè bnem tỡ xîoxî o Ğềem
vè ĞƸữo elďe oîom vố` kỌem ĞỎ omëem dẾel kỐt mjẼo mn` bảu pmẠy (,) mny bảu lẮom elnel (-)
Cx6 Bnint, wm`om @ v`s`tcb inst sukkcr, `s vcry dcnut`gui. (Eje-bcg`e`el rcint`vc oinusc)
Ejtc66 Ğỏ d`Ẻt am` eèj bðel kỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ amòel xîo Ğềem, tn iƸu û oîo Ğ`ỏk snu6
Ejtc

@ O @
- Am` bnem ttỡỡ kè eÿ dồ elmĠn iièè kỐt bnem ttỡỡ r`æel

G
- Am` bnem tỡ kè eÿ dồ elmĠn iè kỐt tëem tỡ sỚ mỪu (ky, m`s, mcr, tmc`r)
- Am` bnem tỡ kè eÿ dồ elmĠn in kỐt bnem tỡ Ğ` vố` tm` tm`s,
s, tmnt, tmcsc, tmjsc

G
@W. KỐt sỞ iƸu û trjel kỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ
>. EẺu trjel kỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ oÿ l`ố` tỡ tmé l`ố` tỡ oÿ tmỏ ĞẼt trƸốo mjẼo snu kỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ (omỀ îp

J
bợel vố` wmjk vè wm`om.)
Cx6 Kr. Drjwe `s n e`oc tcnomcr. \c stub`cb w`tm m`k inst ycnr.
↔ Kr. Drjwe, w`tm wmjk wc stub`cb inst ycnr, `s n e`oc tcnomcr.

E
↔ Kr. Drjwe, wmjk wc stub`cb w`tm inst ycnr, `s n e`oc tcnomcr.
4. Oÿ tmỏ bðel wm`om tmny omj oắ kỌem ĞỎ ĞỠel trƸốo.
Cx6 _mc one‐t ojkc tj ky d`rtmbny pnrty. Rmnt knacs kc snb. ↔ _mc one‐t ojkc tj ky d`rtmbny pnrty,
wm`om knacs kc snb.
?. ổ về trë töo tỡ, wmjk oÿ tmỏ ĞƸữo tmny dẾel wmj.
ƨ
Cx6 @‐b i`ac tj tnia tj tmc kne wmjk / wmj @ kct nt yjur d`rtmbny pnrty.

EM
2. Rrjel kỌem ĞỎ qune mỌ xîo Ğềem , omöel tn oÿ tmỏ dỊ oîo ĞẮ` tỡ qune mỌ ièk töo tỡ6wmjk, wm`om.
Cx6 Rmc l`ri yju kct ycstcrbny `s ky oijsc gr`ceb. Rmc djja yju icet kc wns vcry `etcrcst`el.
3. Oîo oợk tỡ omỀ sỞ iƸữel sjkc jg, djtm jg, nii jg, ec`tmcr jg, kney jg, ejec jg … oÿ tmỏ ĞƸữo bðel
trƸốo wmjk, wm`om vè wmjsc.

P
Cx6 @ mnvc twj s`stcrs, djtm jg wmjk nrc stubcets. _mc tr`cb je tmrcc brcsscs, ejec jg wm`om g`ttcb mcr.
I@_RCE@EL

S
Xnrt >6 G`ii `e tmc dineas
I`stce tj pnrt jg n rnb`j rcpjrt. \r`tc JEC \JTB JT N ESKDCT `e cnom lnp.

^
Gjur mjuscs gjr spjrts gnes
_ukkcri`e, Ecvnbn
Mjusc w`tm `ebjjr dnsactdnii ojurt, linss wnii neb (>) ZZZZZZ kje`tjrs `e kney jg tmc rjjks.
Xr`oc6 jvcr $ (4) ZZZZZZ k`ii`je.
Neanrn, Ruracy
Mjusc w`tm n m`lm oi`kd`el wnii w`tm tmc nppcnrneoc jg enturni rjoa, du`it dy ne (?) ZZZZZZ ojkpney
Onstic Tjoa, Ojijrnbj

Í K
Mjusc w`tm n dnscdnii g`cib. _urrjuebcb dy n gceoc neb w`tm (2) ZZZZZZ dcm`eb `t.
Spbjwe, ecnr Ijebje
$ >38 k`ii`je
A
k`ii`je mjusc ojkpictcb `e (3) ZZZZZZ. Mns n lyk neb gno`i`t`cs gjr djwi`el, mjrsc - r`b`el, squnsm

P
neb gjjtdnii p`tom.
Acys

Ẩ
>. W`bcj 4. Gjur/2 ?. Nkcr`one 2. Rrccs 3. 4887
Rrnesor`pt
Rmcrc nrc sjkc lrcnt mjuscs jut tmcrc gjr spjrts gnes, neb
n eb sjkc jg tmck spceb n ijt jg kjecy je tmc`r mjddy.
Rnac, gjr cxnkpic, n dnsactdnii gne `e _ukkcri`e, Ecvnbn. Rmc mjusc mns ljt ne `ebjjr dnsactdnii ojurt neb
 B
ne nrcn gjr pcjpic tj wntom kntomcs dcm`eb n linss wnii. @g m`s lucsts prcgcr, tmcy one gjiijw tmc not`je je
jec jg tmc v`bcj kje`tjrs `estniicb nii jvcr tmc mjusc. Mc rcocetiy sjib tmc mjusc gjr kjrc tmne gjur k`ii`je
bjiinrs.

Rmc ecxt mjusc `s `e Neanrn, Ruracy. Rmc oi`kdcr wmj i`vcs tmcrc du`it n oi`kd`el wnii je tmc s`bc jg tmc
mjusc. Mc wnetcb `t tj dc m`lmcr tmne neytm`el `e n lyk neb `t mnb tj ijja i`ac enturni rjoa. Ne Nkcr`one

I
ojkpney du`it `t `e tmc ceb, sj `t wns vcry cxpces`vc.
Rmcrc's n mjusc gjr snic `e Onstic Tjoa, Ojijrnbj wmcrc n gnkjus dnscdnii pinycr jeoc i`vcb. \mce tmc
pinycr djulmt tmc ineb, tmcrc wcrc
w crc pines tj du`ib ?0 mjuscs tmcrc. Ngtcr mcm c du`it m`s jwe mjusc
mjusc,, mc uscb tmc

@
rcst jg tmc ineb gjr n guii-s`zc dnscdnii g`cib. @t's surrjuebcb dy n gceoc w`tm trccs dcm`eb `t. G`eniiy, tmcrc's n
mjusc gjr snic `e Spbjwe, ecnr Ijebje, wm`om `s pcrgcot gjr spjrts gnes wmj i`ac kjrc tmne jec spjrt. Rmc
$ >38 k`ii`je mjkc wns tmc kjst cxpces`vc mjusc `e tmc wjrib wmce du`ibcrs g`e`smcb `t `e 4887. @t mns n
djwi`el niicy, twj squnsm ojurts, n guii lyk, stndics w`tm g`vc mjrscs
mjrsc s neb n gjjtdnii p`tom.

I`stce tj tmc b`nijluc neb omjjsc tmc ojrrcot icttcr N, D, neb O.

G @ O
>. \m
\mnt
nt `s
`s tm
tmcc djy
djy ij
ijja
ja`e
`ell gj
gjr:
r:

G
N. N tndic D. N ojkputcr O. N ojkputcr
4. Noo
Noojrb`
jrb`el
el tj tm
tmcc pnssn
pnssnlc,
lc, ZZ
ZZZZZZ
ZZZZ mmns
ns ljt du
du`it
`it-`e
-`e 2L
2L..

J
N. tmc _p`rni ? D. tmc _p`rni 2 O. tmc _p`rni 3
?. \m`om tm`els bjcs mc wnet tj duy:
N. N tndict neb X@E D. Rmc _p`rni 3 neb n dinoa onsc O. N dnttcry neb n ojijrcb onsc.
2. Mjw kuom
kuom nrc tmcy `e tjtni
tjtni::
N. £ >38 D. £ ><3
3. Noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc, wmnt `s EJR truc `egjrknt`je:
E O. £ 488

ƨ
N. Mc pnys dy m`s bcd`t onrb.
D. Mc bjcse‐t rcoc`vc m`s rcoc`pt.
O. Mc wnets tj mnvc n dinoa onsc gjr m`s ecw tndict.
Acys6 >.N 4.O ?.D 2.O 3.D
Rrnesor`pt
_mjp nss`stnet One @ mcip yju:

E M
Djy Pcs, @'k ijja`el gjr n tndict

P
_N Rndicts nrc jvcr mcrc.
D Rm`s jec `s e`oc. Mjw kuom `s `t:

S
_N £ 438.
D Rmnt's qu`tc n ijt. Mnvc yju ljt neytm`el omcnpcr:
_N Pcs, tmc _p`rni 2 `s £ >38 neb tmc _p`rni 3 `s £ ><3.

^
D Mns tmc _p`rni 2 ljt du`it-`e 2L:
_N Ej, `t mnse't. Dut tmc _p`rni 3 mns. Neb `t's ljt cxociicet dnttcry i`gc tjj ...
D JA, @'b i`ac tmc _p`rni 3, picnsc.

K
_N Ojuib yju ojkc jvcr tj tmc t`ii, tmce, picnsc: Rmnt's £ ><3.
D Jm, one @ mnvc n onsc gjr `t, picnsc:
_N Jg ojursc. Rmcsc dinoa onscs nrc £ 43 jr wc'vc nisj ljt ojijrcb onscs gjr £ ?8.
D Rmc dinoa jec `s g`ec.
_N Rmnt's £ 488 `e tjtni, picnsc.

A Í
D One @ pny dy bcd`t onrb:
_N Pcs, jg ojursc. Xicnsc cetcr yjur X@E. Rmnea yju. Mcrc's yjur rcoc`pt.

P
D Rmneas vcry kuom. Ljjbdyc.
_N Rmnea yju. Ljjbdyc.

IC]@OJ
Ẩ
IC]@OJ-- LTNKK
LTNKKNT NT

B
Xnrt ?6 Xmject`os
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc uebcri`ecb pnrt b`ggcrs
grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. N. sknrtpmjec D. gns
gnsttcecr O. pjrtndic B. ojs
ojsttiy
4. N. lc
lcecrjus D. vciorj O. v`bc
v`bcj B. `evcetjr
?. N. prjocss
prjocssjr D. ojelc
ojelcsst`je O. tjur`
tjur`ssk B. nss`lekcet
2. N. pnt
pntcet D. `esp`rnt`je O. pnt`cet B. ent
ent`je

I
3. N. in
inptjp D. ppnnss`je O. sknsm B. `k`tntc
Xnrt 26 _trcss
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr

@
tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes
>. N. @etcrect D. dcecg`t O. `evcet`je B. tcicpmjec
4. N. nbvnetnlc D. ojkputcr O. ocetury B. nttcet`je
?. N. mji`bny
2. N. tcicsojpc
3. N. nppi`ont`je
D. gnk`iy
D. kcroury
D. cxpcr`kcet
O. trnb`t`je
O. kckjry
O. indjrntjry
Xnrt 36 Kuit`pic omj`oc (vjonduinry, ojiijont`jes, pmrnsni vcrds, prcpjs`t`jes, wjrb gjrks, lrnkknr,@ O B. prjocssjr
B. `evcetjr
B. nutjknt`je

ojevcrsnt`je)

G G
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc

J
gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. @DK \nts
\ntsje je `s ne nrt`
nrt`g`o`ni
g`o`niiyiy `etc
`etcii`lce
ii`lcett ojkput
ojkputcr cr systck ZZ ZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZ jg ne neswcr`el
swcr`el qu
qucst`je
cst`jess pjscb `e
enturni inelunlc.
N. onpndic D. nwnrc O. ndic B. gjeb

E
4. Nicxne
Nicxnebcr
bcr Gick
Gickk`el,
k`el, ZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZ b`s
b`sojvcrcb
ojvcrcb ppce`o`i
ce`o`ii`e,
i`e, rcoc`vcb
rcoc`vcb ttmc
mc Ejdci Xr`zc `e >023.
N. wmj D. wm`om O. wmjsc B. wmjk

ƨ
?. Pju bjebje‐t
‐t ijj
ijjaa vcry w wcii.
cii. Ict‐s uusc
sc tmc ZZZZZZ ttjj omcoa yjur tc tckpcrntu
kpcrnturc.rc.
N. tmcrkjkctcr D. tckpcrnturc sonic O. k`orjsojpc B. ?B pr`et`el

M
2. Xctcr ii`acs
`acs tj ss`t
`t `e ttmc
mc lnrbce neb uscs m` m`ss ZZZZZZ ttjj ijja nt tmc stnstnrs
rs `e tmc say.
N. rjoact D. tcicsojpc O. k`orjsojpc B. c-rcnbcr
3. Fjme IjIjub
ub wns ne ne Nkcr`
Nkcr`one one ZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZ bcs`
bcs`lecb
lecb ttmc
mc g`rst dniip
dniipj`et
j`et ppce.
ce.
N. `evcetjr D. `evcet O. `evcet`je B. `evcet`vc
7. Kny @ dj djrrjw
rrjw yyjur
jur ZZZZZZZ:
ZZZ: @ eeccbccb ttjj ejtc bbjwe
jwe sjsjkct
kctm`e
m`el.l.
N. Dneb-N`b D. tcicv`s`je O. onkcrn B. dniipj`et pce

P E
<. _jk
_jkcc orcnturcs
orcnturcs nrnrcc t`e
t`eyy sj pcjp
pcjpicic ecc
eccbb n ZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZ tj scc tm tmck.
ck.
N. cnrpmjecs D. enpp`el p`iijw O. k`orjsojpc B. omjpst`oas
=. Knr
Knry6y6 On
Onee yju ssmjw
Xctcr6 ZZZZZZ
mjw k
S
kcc mjw ttjj usc ttm`s
m`s ttcic
cicsojp
sojpc:c:

^
N. Ojkpictciy D. Ocrtn`eiy O. Xjss`diy B. _urciy
0. Pju sm smjuib
juib ZZZZZZ tmc ddnttcrynttcry guiiy dcgjrc us`el yjur ssknrtpmjknrtpmjec.ec.
N. Nppiy D. b`spiny O. stjrc B. omnrlc

K
>8. _jkc npps ZZZZZZ pcjpic tj ojetrji tmc`r bcv`ocs dy us`el spjace ojkknebs.
N. niijw D. knac O. nppiy B. ict

Í
>>. Xctcr Mceic`e, ZZZZZZwns n Lcrkne oijoaknacr, `evcetcb tmc wntom `e >383.
N. wmj D. wm`om O. tmnt B. wmjk
>4. ZZZZZZ onr on onee br`vc tmc
tmckscivcs
kscivcs w w`tm
`tm i`t
i`ttic
tic muk
muknene ojetrji
ojetrji..
N. _knrt D. Br`vce O. Br`vcricss B. Eje-br`vcr
>?. Pju
N. mneccb
rbwntj
rc `est
`estnii
nii tmcDecw
. sjgZZZZ
ZZZZZZ
twnrcZZ tj v`cw tmc g`i
g`ic.
c. O. prjocss B. TNK

Ẩ P A
>2. ZZZZZZ `etci
`etcii`lceo
N. Wniundic
>3. Rm`s bcv`o
i`lceocc niijws ojkputcr
ojkputcrss tj ojpy mukne ojetrji
D. Sscgui
bcv`occ `s ejt ZZZZZZ gjr om`i om`ibrce.
brce.
ojetrji..
O. Nrt`g`o`ni B. Mcipgui

B
N. su`tndic D. vniundic O. vnr`jus B. nrt`g`o`ni
>7. Kney `evce
`evcet`jes
t`jes nrc n rcsui
rcsuitt jg onrcgui ZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZ..
N. Cxpcr`ceocs D. cxpcr`kcets O. cxcro`scs B. cxpijrnt`jes
><. Rmcy ZZZZZZ strccstrcctt onkcrns `e tmc o`ty tj g`lmt or`kc.
or`kc.
N. oommnrlcb D. `estniicb O. b`spinycb B. stjrcb

>=. I`em6 Bnb, @ eccb yjur mcip. Ky ojkput

ojkputcrcr stjppcb wjra`
wjra`el.
el.
Bnb6 ZZZZZZ. \n`t gjr n scojeb neb tmce ture `t je nln`e.

I
N. Pju one ture `t je D. Rure `t jgg
O. Rure `t je B. Pju smjuibe‐t ture `t jgg.
>0. Ss`el b`l`tni bcv`ocs ``ee oinss one mcip stubcets `kprjvc tmc`r ZZZZZZ cxpcr`ceoc `e kney wnys.

@
N. cbuont`je D. cbuont`jeni O. cbuontjr B. cbuont`jeniiy
48. _knrt djnrbs, ZZZZZZ nrc uscb `e kney somjjis, dr`el kney dcecg`ts tj tj stubcets.
N. wmj D. wm`om O. tmnt B. wmjsc
Xnrt 76 _yejeyk
 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el tj tmc
@ O
G
uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. @ ijvc ky pjrtndic inptjp dconusc `t‐s sj cnsy tj onrry cvcrywmcrc.
N. `eojevce`cet D. kjvndic O. mcnvy B. inrlc
4. Rmc pnt`ce
pnt`cett wwns
ns aacpt
cpt ni`vc
ni`vc ddyy tm
tmcc nrt`g`o`ni mcnrt ngtcr 4 mjur-surlcry `e tmc mjsp`tni.
N. kne-knbc D. gnac O. rcni B. jr`l`eni

JG
Xnrt <6 Netjeyk
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC `e kcne`el
tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

E
>. N sknrtpmjec `s tjj ojstiy gjr m`k tj cvce mnvc n ejrkni jec.
N. cojejk`oni D. cxpces`vc O. pr`ocicss B. vniundic

ƨ
4. _pcnacrs nrc tjj duiay
duiay.. Pju oneejt put tmck `e yjur dnl jr yjur pjoact.
N. l`net D. mcnvy O. inrlc B. t`ey

M
Xnrt =6 Crrjr @bcet`g`ont`je
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs
ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. C-rc
C-rcnbcr
nbcrss uuscb
N. uscb
4. Ky gngntm
tmcr
N. wjras
cr wj
scb gjr rcnb

wjras
rcnb`el

ras gjr n oj
`el tcx
D. gjr
ojkp
tcxts

kpney
D. n
ts djul

ney w
djulmt

wmj
mj kn
knacacss inpE
mt grjk jei`ec
jei`ec stj

inptj
tjps
stjrcs.

ps ne
rcs. (nrc uscb)
O. rcnb`el
nebb tn
tndi
O. wmj
dict
cts.
uscb)

s. (w
(wm` m`om/
om/tm
tmnt
nt))
B. grjk

B. neb
?. Enk
Enk,, tmn
tmntt b`be‐t
b`be‐t tnac
tnac nney
ey cxt
cxtrn
rn oi
oinssc
nsscs,s, lj
ljtt tmc m`l
m`lmcst
mcst sojr
sojrcc `e tmc Kntm
Kntmss cxn
cxnk.
k. (w
(wmj)
mj)

SP
N. tmnt D. ney O. tmc m`lmcst B. ` e
LTNKKNT

^
Xnrt 06 RỸ ISẩE
Tcwr`tc tmc scetceocs us`el n Eje-bcg`e`el rcint`vc oinusc jr Bcg`e`el rcint`vc oinusc ns `e tmc
cxnkpic.

K
Cl66 _`kje mns fust rcicnscb n OB. Mc `s ky gr`ceb.
Cl
-5 _`kje, wmj `s ky gr`ceb, mns fust rcicnscb n OB.

Í
>. Rmc tjwes
tjwespcjpic
pcjpic rn rn`scb
`scb cejulm k kjecy
jecy tj du`idu`ibb n ecw tjwe mni mnii.i. @ts pr`bc `e tmc`r
tmc`r ojkk
ojkkue`ty
ue`ty ``ss wcii-
aejwe.

A
4. Rmc k knene `s mmcr
cr gntmcr.
gntmcr. Pju
Pju kc kctt m`k inst wcca
wcca..
?. Vjc i`i`acs
acs tm
tmcc diuc R R-sm`
-sm`rt.
rt. Ky s`s`stc
stcrr `s wcnr
wcnr`el`el `t
`t..
2. _mjw k kcc tmc ec
ecww mnts.
mnts. Pju ddjuljulmtmt tm
tmck
ck ininst
st e`
e`lmt
lmt..
3. Vjc mmnsns n s`
s`stc
stcr.
r. Mc
Mcrr s`s
s`stcr
tcr‐s
‐s enk
enkcc `s FFukn.
ukn.

7. Rmc Xno`g`
Xno`g`oo Jocne, wm`
jocne. wm`omom k`lmt mn
mnvc
vc dcce orjssc
orjsscbb dy rngt bur`
bur`el
el tmc _tjec N
Nlc,
lc, `s tmc wjri
wjrib‐s
b‐s inrlcs
inrlcstt

ẨP
<. Rmnt `s n ojk
ojkpney
pney.. @t prjb
prjbuocs
uocs r`e
r`els.
ls.

B
=. Rmc om`
om`ibrce
ibrce wwcrc
crc ntt
nttrnotcb
rnotcb dy tmc smjw. @@tt wns pcrgjrkcb sj kney
kney..
0. Ky dcdcst
st gr`
gr`ceb
ceb on
onee ojkp
ojkpjsc
jsc sje
sjels.
ls. Iy s`els gjia ssjels
jels vvcry
cry wci
wcii.i.
>8. Rct `s n gcst`vni. Rct jgtce mnpp
mnppces
ces `e intc Fneunry jr cnriy Gcdrunry.
Gcdrunry.
Acys6

>. Rmc tjw

tjwespcjpi
espcjpic,
c, wmjsc pr`
pr`bc
bc `e tmc`
tmc`rr ojkkue`
ojkkue`ty
ty `s wci
wcii-aejw
i-aejwe,
e, rn`scb ccejulm
ejulm kje
kjecy
cy tj du`
du`ib
ib n
ecw
Rmc tjwe mnii.k yju

I
4. kne wmjk
wmj yju k kct
ct ins
instt w
wcca
cca `s mcr gntm
gntmcr.cr.
?. Vjc i`
i`acs
acs tmtmcc diuc R-
R-sm`
sm`rt
rt wm`
wm`om om ky s`s`stcr
stcr ``ss wcnr
wcnr`el
`el..
2. _mj
_mjww kc tm tmcc ecw mnmnts
ts wm
wm`om
`om yyju
ju djulmt
djulmt iinst
nst e`
e`lmt
lmt..

@
3. Vjc mns n s` s`stc
stcrr wm
wmjsc
jsc enk
enkcc `s Fukn
Fukn..
7. Rmc Xno
Xno`g`o
`g`o JJocne,
ocne, w wm`om
m`om k k`lmt
`lmt mmnvc
nvc dcce orjsscb dy rngt bur`el tmc _tjec Nlc, Nlc, `s tmc wj
wjrib‐s
rib‐s

O
inrlcst jocne.
<. Rmn
Rmntt `s n ojkpne
ojkpneyy wm` wm`omom pr
prjbu
jbuocs
ocs rr`el
`els.
s.
=. Rmc om`
0. Ky dcs
om`ibrce
ibrce w
dcstt gr`c
gr`ceb
wcrc
crc ntt
eb one oj
nttrnotcb

>8. Rct `s n gcst`vni tmnt jgtc

rnotcb dy tmc smjw w
ojkpj
kpjsc sc sjel
sjelss wm`o
wm`om
m`om w
wm`omm Iy s`el
wnsns pcrgjr
pcrgjrkcb
s`elss vcry wc
kcb sj kney.
wcii.
jgtcee mnppces `e intc Fneunry jr cnriy Gcdrunry.
ii.
Gcdrunry.
G @
G
TCNB@EL
Xnrt
Xn rt >>86
86 O
Oij
ijzc
zc ttcst
cst Tcnb
Tcnb tm tmcc ggji
jiij
ijw`
w`elel p
pnss
nssnl nlcc nneb
eb knra
knra tmc icicttc
ttcrr N, D, O
O,, jr
jr B je yyjur
jur ne
neswc
swcrr
smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas
Rmc vnouuk oicnecr wns `evcetcb `e >08> dy cel`eccr Mudcrt Oco`i Djjtm. Rmc `evcet`je mns omnelcb
tmc wny (>) ZZZZZZ us oicne jur mjkcs cvcr s`eoc. Djjtm wns dcttcr aejwe nt tmc t`kc gjr (4) ZZZZZZ
suspces`je dr`blcs neb gn`rlrjueb Gcrr`s wmccis. Mc wns g`rst ckpijycb dy Knubsiny, _jes neb G`cib `e
 EJ
Inkdctm `e tmc >=08s. Dut `e >08> mc turecb m`s sa`ii tj onrpct oicne`el ngtcr w`tecss`el tmc bckjestrnt`je
jg n ecw knom`ec nt Ijebje‐s Ckp`rc Kus`o Mnii. Mc rcni`scb tmnt tmc knom`ec je b`spiny mnb n scr`jus

ƨ
crrjr. @e ne cggjrt tj i`gt tmc bust jgg tmc onrpct neb (?) ZZZZZZ tmc ojiicot`je dnl, `t wns knbc tj dijw jut
n`r. Rmc `evcetjr nsscrtcb tmnt Djjtm's sullcst`je gjr ne nitcrent`vc kctmjb ‟ suoa`el up tmc b`rt tmrjulm n

M
g`itcrr ‟ wns `kpr
g`itc `kprnot`on
not`oni.i.
Noocpt`el tmc omniicelc, Djjtm sct jgg je n k`ss`je tj (2) ZZZZZZ n knom`ec tmnt wjuib suoa, ejt dijw.

E
Ngtcr scvcrni tcsts, `e jec jg wm`om mc omjacb
o mjacb ngtcr putt`el n mnebacrom`cg 'g`itcr' jvcr m`s kjutm neb suoa`el
up bust grjk tmc nrk jg n omn`r, Djjtm suooccbcb
suoocc bcb `e putt`el m`s `bcn `etj prnot`oc. Mc tmce gjrkcb tmc Dr`t`sm
Wnouuk Oicnecr Ojkpney neb inueomcb (3) ZZZZZZ ecw bcv`oc. Rm`s knom`ec wns scce bj`el tmc rjuebs

P
jg wcnitmy Ijebjecrs' mjkcs nt tmc stnrt jg tmc 48tm ocetury.
(Nbnptcb grjk mttps6//www.so`ceockuscuk.jrl.ua)
>. NN.. kjstiy D. kjst jg O. kjst B. nikjst
4. N. tj bcs`le D. bcs`le`el O. bcs`lecr B. bcs`lecb
?. N. `etj D. tj O. jut B. gjr

^S
2. N. tnac D. scii O. prjbuoc B. b j
3. N. smc D. mcr O. mc B. m`s
Xnrt >>6 Tcnb`el ojkprcmces`je

K
Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc
ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes

Í
_jkct`kcs, noo`bcets one icnb tj wjebcrgui `evcet`jes, suom ns `e tmc onscs dcijw.
Xjst-`t Ejtcs

A
@e >07=, Br. _pceocr _`ivcr wns try`el tj `evcet n supcr strjel liuc wm`om br`cb `kkcb`ntciy. Mjwcvcr,
mc wns ejt suoocssgui neb ojuib jeiy `evcet n vcry wcna liuc tmnt ecvcr scckcb tj bry. Neb tmnt wns mjw
tmc Xjst-@t ejtc wns `evcetcb dy omneoc.

P
Ojon-Ojin
@e >==7, Fjme Xckdcrtje wns try`el tj g`eb n ourc gjr mcnbnomcs. Mc tr`cb tj k`x tjlctmcr sjkc
`elrcb`cets, dut wmce m`s ind nss`stnet nbbcb g`zzy wntcr dy noo`bcet, tmc wjrib's g`rst Ojon-Ojin wns djre.
Or`sps
@e >=3?, n omcg enkcb Lcjrlc Oruk rcoc`vcb ojkpin`ets grjk n oustjkcr nt m`s rcstnurnet tmnt tmc gr`cb

BẨ
pjtntjcs mc ojjacb wcrc tjj tm`oa neb dineb. Mc wns sj neejycb tmnt mc bco`bcb tj si`oc tmc
tmc pjtntjcs ns tm`e
ns pjss`dic, gry tmck neb nbb n ijt jg snit. Rj m`s surpr`sc, tmc oustjkcr ijvcb tmc b`sm, neb wc mnvc nisj
ijvcb `t uet`i tjbny ns wcii!
>. \m`om `s tmc dcst t`tic gjr tm`s tcxt:

N. Dcst `evcet`jes `e tmc wjrib O. Gjjbs b`sojvcrcb dy noo`bcet

D. Dcst `evcet`jes `e tmc wjrib B. @evcet`jes knbc dy iuoa
4. \mj mcipcb
mcipcb `evce
`evcett Ojon-Oj
Ojon-Ojin:
in:
N. N ’g`zzy‛‛ `e tmc pnssnlcD.`sNoijscst
so`cet`st ind nss`stnet
`e kcne`el tj ZZZZ.O. N omcg B. N tcnomcr

I
?. Rmc wjrb ’g`zzy

@
N. spnrai`el D. st`ii O. sjgt B. bconggc`entcb
2. Rmc wjrb ’`t
’`t‛‛ `e tmc pnssnlc rcgcrs tj ZZZZ.
N. Or`sps D. Xjst-`t ejtcs O. Ojon-Ojin B. Ejec jg tmc ndjvc
3. \m`om one dc `kpi`cb grjk tmc Xjst-`t ejtcs `evcet`je:
N. Xjst-`t ejtcs ojuib bry qu`oaiy.
@ O
G
D. Gn`iurc one notuniiy dc suoocss.
O. Br. _pceocr wns mnppy w`tm tmc g`eni rcsuit.

G
B. Br. _pceocr ecvcr suooccbcb `e g`eb`el n strjel liuc `e m`s i`gc.
\T@R@EL Xnrt >46 Rrnesgjrknt`je

J
Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`el ns tmc l`vce jecs.
>. @ dju
djulmt
lmt tm`s
tm`s ojkp
ojkputc
utcrr wmc
wmcee @ wns >3. ((s`eo
s`eoc)
c)
@ mnvc mnb tm`s ojkputcr s`eoc @ wns >3.
4. C-rcnbcr
C-rcnbcrss mcip us rcnb djjas djulmt
djulmt gr grjk
jk jei`
jei`ec
ec stjr
stjrcs
cs cns`i
cns`iy.
y. (nii
(niijw)
jw)
C-rcnbcrs niijw us tj rcnb djjas djulmt grjk jei`ec stjrcs cns`iy.

E
?. Rmc no
noo`b
o`bcet
cet mn
mnppce
ppcecbcb je ky wn
wnyy tj Ijeb
Ijebje.je. (t
(trnvc
rnvci`e
i`el)
l)

ƨ
@ wns trnvci`el tj Ijebje wmce tmc noo`bcet mnppcecb.
\mce/\m`ic @ wns trnvci`el tj Ijebje, tmc noo`bcet mnppcecb.

M
2. @ mnv
mnvcc usc
uscbb tm
tm`s
`s iinpt
nptjp
jp gj
gjrr ky stuby
stuby gjr g`vc ycnrs.
ycnrs. (Nl
(Nlj)j)
@ djulmt tm`s inptjp gjr ky stuby g`vc ycnrs nlj.
3. ^un
^unel
el nesw
neswcrcb
crcb ttmc
mc pmj
pmjec.
ec. Mc ttjib
jib kc yjyjuu wcrc ju
jut.
t. (wm
(wmj)
j)
^unel, wmj tjib kc yju wcrc jut, neswcrcb tmc pmjec.
7. Bj yju aejw ttmc mc enkc jg tmc kne: M` M`ss inptj
E
inptjpp wns ddrjace.
Bj yju aejw tmc enkc jg tmc kne wmjsc inptjp wns drjace:
rjace. ((wmjsc)
wmjsc)
 <. Rcces usc GnoGnocdjja.
cdjja. @t one mnvc n pjs`t`
pjs`t`vc
P
vc `k
`kpnot
pnot jjee sjo`
sjo`cty.
cty. (wm`om/ tmnt)
Rcces usc Gnocdjja wm`om/tmnt one mnvc n pjs`t`vc `kpnot je sjo`cty.
=. @ tnia
tniacb
cb tj n l`ri. Mcr d`a

pnrcets
rcets wje‐t ict mcr dr`
dr`el S
d`acc drjac bjwe ``ee grjet jg tmc smjp. (w
@ tniacb tj n l`ri wmjsc d`ac drjac bjwe `e grjet jg tmc smjp.
0. Mcr pn el mcr @Xnb ttjj somj
_mc wje‐t dc niijwcb tj dr`el mcr @Xnb tj somjji.
somjji
ji (ni
(niijwcb)
ijwcb)
(wmjsc)
mjsc)

^
>8. Knry wr`tcs n dijl. @t `s n`kcb nt mcr prjdicks neb wjrr`cs. (wm`om/t(wm`om/tmnt)
mnt)

K
Knry wr`tcs n dijl wm`om/ tmnt `s n`kcb nt mcr prjdicks neb wjrr`cs.

Í
\JTB GJTK6
>. Rmc oijoa nutjknt`oniiy rcnb rcnbfus
fusts
ts wmc
wmcee yju
yju cecetcr
tcr n ecw
ecw t`kc
t`kc zje
zjec.
c. (nutjknt`o)

A
4. Rmjkns Cb`sje wns tmc `evcetjr
`evcetjr jg tmc cicotr`o i`lmt duid. (@EWCER)
?. \c one ejw ojkkue`ontc `estnetiy w`tm pcjpic je tmc jtmcr s`bc jg tmc wjrib. (`estneoc)
2. . _uipmur b`jx`bc `s jec jg scvcrni pjiiutnets tmnt nrc rcicnscb `etj tmc ntkjspmcrc dy ojni-g`rcb pjwcr

P
stnt`jes. (XJIISRC)

Ẩ
3. Rmc `esurneoc pji`oy prjv`bcs prjtcot`je `e onsc jg noo`bcetni ijss jg i`gc jr scr`jus `efury.
(XTJRCOR)

Xnrt
\r`tc>?6
ne\r`t`el
cssny jgne
>=8cssny.

B
wjrbs
Rm`ea jg neb wr`tc ndjut ne `evcet`je wm`om ojuib dc uscgui gjr cvcry `e jur sjo`cty. Rmc `evcet`je
ojuib dc `knl`enry. Ssc tmc sullcstcb qucst`jes dcijw tj mcip yju.

\mnt `s tmc `evcet`je:

\mj `s tmc `evcetjr:

I
\mnt nrc `ts dcecg`ts: L`vc sjkc cxpinent`je neb/jr cxnkpics.
Mjw `kpjrtnet/uscgui `s tmc `evcet`je/ w`ii tmc `evcet`je dc gjr jur sjo`cty:
_XCNA@EL
Xnrt >26`sRnia
`t: ndjut jec jg tmc `evcet`jes `e yjur bn`iy i`gc. Neswcr tmc qucst`jes6

@
>. \mnt
4. \mnt nrc `ts uscs: / \mnt nrc sjkc cxnkpics:
?. Mnvc yju cvcr uscb `t: \mce/ \mcrc/ Mjw (jgtce) bj yju usc `t:
2. Mjw `kpjrtnet `s `t `e jur bn`iy i`gc:
@ O
G
3. Bj yju i`ac us`el `t:
Xnrt >36 Knac n smjrt prcscetnt`je ndjut jec jg tmc kjst `evcet`jes wm`om yju i`ac dcst.

G
J

M ƨ E
E
P
S
^
 Í K
A
P
Ẩ
B

I
SE@R =6 COJIJLP NEB RMC CEW@TJEKCER
N-WJONDSINTP
>. dne (v) /dçe/ oảk >?. inebg`ii (e) dï` rîo
/ˍiçebgɦi/
4. bnknlc (v) /ˍbçkɦbʔ/ ièk mẮ` >2. i`vcstjoa (e) l`n söo, l`n oẬk

@ O@
/ˍinɦvstɔa/
?. pjiiutc (v) /pɐˍiu˘t/ ièk ò em`ểk >3. kntcr`ni (e) eluyæe vẫt i`Ọu

G
/kɐˍtɦɐr`ɐi/

G
2. prjbuot (e) /ˍprɔbʉat/ sắe pmẠk >7. k`xturc (e) mỜe mữp
/ˍkɦastʏɐ(r)/
3. prjtcot (v) /prɐˍtcat/ dắj vỌ ><. jdv`jus (nbf) ró rèel

J
/ˍɔdv`ɐs/
7. rcoyoic (v) /ˉr`˘ˍsnɦai/ tî` omẺ >=. pnoanl`el (e) dnj dé
/ˍpçaɦbʔɦŁ/

E
<. rcbuoc (v) /rɦˍbfu˘s/ l`ắk >0. sjiut`je (e) l`ắ` pmîp
/sɐˍiu˘ʏe/
=. rcusc (v) /ˉr`˘ˍfu˘z/ tî` sừ bợel 48. onttic (e) l`n söo
/ˍaçti/
0. ojkpjst (v)(v) /ˍaɔ
/ˍaɔkp
kpɔs
ɔstt/ ỬtmỾo
pmäe
pmäe (t
(tỡỡ rî
rîoo 4>. bcnbiy (nbf) omẺt elƸớ`

M ƨ
pmẠk) /ˍbcbi`/
>8. bcgjrcstnt`je (e) sỾ pmî rỡel 44. lijdni (nbf) tjèe oẬu
/ˉb`˘ˉgɔrɦˍstcɦʏe/
>>. lrccemjusc lns (e) amë emè aëem
E
/ˍɮiɐʆdi/
4?. rcicnsc (v
(v)) //rɦ
rɦˍi
ˍi``˘s/ tmắ, pm
pmÿel tm
tmëom

P
/ˉɮr`˘emnʆs ˍɮçs/
>4. `kpnot (e) /ˍɦkpçat/ sỾ ắem mƸỚel 42. s`e
s`elc-u
lc-usc
sc (nbf) sừ bợel kỐt iẬe
/ˉsɦŁɮi ˍfu˘s/

S
^
*\jrb gjrks
Ej EJSE WCTD NBF NBW
> dne dne bnknl`el
4 bnknlc(s) bnknlc
?2 pjiiutp`jrej,bpujotiiutnet pprjjibiuutocc prpjjbiiuuottc`bvc prjbuot`vciy

7
<
3

A
prjtcotjr
rcoyoi`el
rcbuot`je
Í
prjtcot`je
K prjtcot

rcoyoic
rcbuoc
prjtcotcb, prjtcot`vc

rcoyoindic, rcoyoicb
rcbuocb
prjtcot`vciy

=
0
>8 P ojkpjst
bcgjrcstnt`je
rcusc
ojkpjst
bcgjrcst
rcusndic

gjrcstcb
 >>
Ẩ `kpnot `kpnot

B >4
>?
k`xturc
pnoanl`el
k` x
pnoa 59 uepnoa
k`xcb
pnoacb

I
>2 sjiut`je sjivc sjivndic 59 `esjivndic ; `esjivndiy
`esjiudic
>3 bcnbce bcnb, bcntm bcnb, bcnbiy, bcntmiy bcnbiy, bcntmiy

@
>7 lijdc lijdni`zc lijdni lijdniiy
>< rcicnsc rcicnsc

D-C]XTC__@JE_ & JRMCT _RTSORSTC_

G @ O
43. ture jgg 59 ture je tẪt (tm`Ẻt dề) 59 kỚ (tm`Ẻt dề)

G
47. knac s.tm + Nbf ièk omj oî` lé emƸ tmẺ eèj
4<. lj jut Ğ` rn eljè`
4=. out bjwe (gjrcst) omẼt pmî (rỡel)

J
40. tnac up om`Ẻk
?8. icnb tj bạe ĞẺe
?>. drcna up vỮ tmèem em`Ỏu kắem

E
?4. ceb up omảk bỠt, bạe tố` aẺt oợo
??. bukp trnsm tmắ` rîo

ƨ
?2. rn`sc nwnrcecss eäel onj emẫe tmỠo
?3. tnac jjuut (trnsm/ lnrdnlc) Ğồ rîo
?7. p`oa up (i`ttcr) emẼt rîo

O- LT
LTNK
NKKN
KNT
T

EM
OJEB@R@JENI _CERCEOC (OÄS Ę@ỈS A@ệE)
>. Oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe ijẮ` >
P
S
Oảu tröo6
@g oinusc Kn`e oinusc

^
_`kpic Xrcscet _`kpic Guturc
_ + Wcrd
Wcrd/Wc
/Wcrd-
rd-s/cs
s/cs _ + w`ii/
w`ii/smnii
smnii + dnrc `eg`e`
`eg`e`t`vc
t`vc
Oîom bðel6

K
Oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe ijẮ` > bðel Ğỏ b`ểe tắ kỐt sỾ a`Ọe oÿ tmỏ xắy rn mjẼo oÿ tmỏ tmỾo m`Ọe ĞƸữo Ớ
m`Ọe tẮ` mjẼo tƸƮel in`.

Wë bợ6
û6 @g tmc rn`e sijps, @ w`ii lj gjr n wnia,

AÍ
Omö
Rn oÿ tmỏ bðel tmé m`Ọe tẮ` ĞƮe (_`kpic Xrcscet) Ớ kỌem ĞỎ omëem Ğỏ b`ểe tắ kỐt Ğ`Ỏu iuòe iuòe

P
Ğöel mjẼo kỐt sỾ tmẫt m`ỏe em`æe.
Wë bợ6 @g yju mcnt wntcr tj >88¸
>88¸O, `t dj`is.

Ẩ (EẺu dẮe Ğue eƸốo ĞẺe >88¸O tmé eÿ sò`.)

B
Rmny vé bðel tmé tƸƮel in` ĞƮe (_`kpic Guturc) Ớ kỌem ĞỎ omëem, tn oÿ tmỏ bðel one/kny
+ dnrc `eg`e`t`vc mjẼo oÿ tmỏ bðel kỌem iỌem oîom (`kpcrnt`vc gjrk).
 I
Wë bợ6 @g yju try mnrb, yju one pnss tmc cxnk.
@g yju scc Xctcr, l`vc m`k tm`s djja.
ĘẤJ ELụ OÄS Ę@ỈS A@ệE IJẨ@ >

@
Ęắj elỪ trjel oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe6 am` ĞƸữo bðel kỐt oîom trnel trịel, oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe sẻ oÿ oảu tröo

O
Ğắj elỪ. Am` Ğÿ, tn dỊ `g vè Ğắj trữ ĞỐel tỡ trjel kỌem ĞỎ `g rn trƸốo omỬ elỪ, kỌem ĞỎ omëem

@
amòel tmny Ğồ`.
Wë bợ6 @g mc nppcnrs, picnsc tcii m`k tj wn`t gjr kc.
↔ _mjuib mc nppcnr, picnsc tcii m`k tj wn`t gjr kc.

GG
- EẺu trjel oäu oÿ ’smju
’smjuib‛
ib‛ Ớ kỌem ĞỎ `g, tmé Ğắj ’smj
’smjuib‛
uib‛ iæe ĞẬu oäu
C.l6 @g mc smjuib r`el , @ w`ii tcii m`k tmc ecws ;5 _mjuib mc r`el, @ w`ii tcii m`k tmc ecws.

J
- EẺu trje
trjell oäu amòe
amòell oÿ ’smju
’smjuib‛,
ib‛, omöel tn pmắ`
pmắ` kƸữ
kƸữee ’smjuib
’smjuib‛‛
C.l6 @g mc mns grcc t`kc, mc‐ii piny tcee`s ;5 _mjuib mc mnvc grcc t`kc, mc‐ii piny tcee`s.

E
4. Oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe ijẮ` 4
Oảu tröo6
@g oinusc
ƨ
Kn`e oinusc

M
Xnst _udfueot`vc/ _`kpic Xnst Xrcscet Ojeb`t`jeni
_ + pnst ggjrk
jrk jg ttmc
mc vcr
vcrd
d _ + wjuib/
wjuib/ojuib
ojuib + dnrc ``eg`e`t
eg`e`t`vc
`vc
Rmé quî amỠ l`ắ Ğềem (Xnst sudfueot`vc)
sudfueot`vc) l`Ởel emƸ tmé quî amỠ ĞƮe, r`æel ĞỐel tỡ ’dc‛ ĞƸữo

om`nOîom
iè ’wcrc‛
bðel6omj tảt oắ oîo elò`.

PE
Oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe ijẮ` 4 bðel Ğồ b`ểe tắ kỐt sỾ a`Ọe amòel tmỏ xắy rn rn mjẼo amòel tmỏ tm
tmỾo
Ỿo m`Ọe

S
ĞƸữo Ớ m`Ọe tẮ` mjẼo tƸƮel in`.
Wë bợ6 @g Enk wcrc mcrc, mc wjuib
wjuib aejw tmc nesw
neswcr.
cr. (Dut mc `se‐t mcrc ejw.)

^
EẺu Enk oÿ kẼt Ớ Ğäy tmé oẫu ảy sẻ d`Ẻt oäu trắ iớ`. ((EmƸel
EmƸel tmẫt rn oẫu ảy amòel
amò el oÿ kẼt Ớ
Ğäy.)
@g mc aecw ky pmjec euk eukdcr,
dcr, mc wjui
wjuibb onii kc. (D
(Dut
ut mc bjcse
bjcse‐t
‐t mnvc ky pmje
pmjecc eukdcr.)

K
EẺu nem ảy oÿ sỞ Ğ`Ọe tmjẮ` oỬn tò` tmé nenemm ảy Ğï lị` tò` rở`. (EmƸel tmẫt rn nem ảy amòel oÿ

Í
sỞ Ğ`Ọe tmjẮ` oỬn tò`.)
ĘẤJ ELụ OÄS Ę@ỈS A@ệE IJẨ@ 4
. Wố` Ğắj elỪ oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe ijẮ` 4, omöel tn omỀ sừ bợel ’wcrc‛ dảt aỏ elò` ĞẮ` tỡ iè lé
- EẺu@gtrjel
@ wcrcoäu oÿ ĞỐel tỡ ’wc
’wcrc‛,
giyrc‛,
;5 tmé Ğắj@ ’wcrc‛
’wcr c‛@iæe ĞẬu giy.

PA
C.l6 n d`rb, @ wjuib \crc n d`rb, wjuib
- EẺu trjel oäu amòe
amòell oÿ ĞỐel tỡ ’wcrc‛ tmé kƸkƸữeữe ’wcrc‐ vè bðel ’tj W‛

Ẩ
C.l6 @g @ icnret Tuss`ne, @ wjuib rcnb n Tuss`ne djja ;5 \crc @ tj icnre Tuss`ne, @ wjuib rcnb n
Tuss`ne djja.

B
OÎO RỦ RMNP RMẵ OMJ @G

I
- ueicss ; `g...ejt (trỡ pm`, trỡ am`)
Wë bợ6 @g mc bjcse‐t ojkc, @@‐ii
‐ii dr`el ttm`s
m`s pn
pnoanlc
oanlc ttjj m`k.
↔ Seicss mc ojkcs, @‐ii dr`el tm`s pnoanlc tj m`k.
IƪS Û6 Seicss omỀ bðel omj oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe ijẮ` >, ijẮ` 4,? sẻ ĞƸữo tmny tmẺ dẾel @g…ejt
 @
O
- `e onsc (pmôel am` Ğ`Ỏu lé oÿ tmẺ xắy rn)

@
Rrjel kỌem ĞỎ tmcj snu `e onsc, tn tmƸớel bðel tmé M`Ọe tẮ` ĞƮe mjẼo ^uî amỠ ĞƮe, amòel
bðel w`ii mjẼo wjuib.
Wë bợ6 @ niwnys tnac

-
tnac ne ukdrciin `t onsc `t rn`es.
(; @ niwnys inac ne ukdrciin dconusc `t kny rn`e.)
w`tm, w`tmjut, vè dut gjr.
gjr.
G
JG
w`tm/ w`tmjut (eẺu oÿ/eẺu amòel), dut gjr (eẺu amòel oÿ) ĞƸữo bðel emƸ kỐt bẮel röt lịe
oỬn kỌem ĞỎ `g (rcbuocb gjrk jg tmc `g oinusc).

E
w`tm/ w`tmjut/ dut gjr+ n ejue/n ejue pmrnsc
Wë bợ6 @g yju mcip kc, @ one g`e`sm tm`s nss`lekcet.

ƨ
↔\`tm yjur mcip,
mcip, @ one g`e`sm tm`s nss`lekcet.
@g yju mnbe‐t mcipcb kkc,c, @ ojuibe‐t mnvc g`e`
g`e`smcb
smcb tm`
tm`ss nss`lekc
nss`lekcet.
et.

M
↔ \`tmjut yjur mcip, @ ojuibe‐t
ojuibe‐t g`e`sm tm`
tm`ss nss`lekce
nss`lekcet.t.
(EẺu amòel oÿ sỾ l`öp ĞỮ oỬn nem, nem, tò` amòel tmỏ mjèe tmèem oòel oòel v`Ọo eèy - emƸel tmỾo

E
tẺ nem Ğï l`öp tò`.)
EmƸ vẫy, trjel trƸớel mữp eèy, w`tmjut oŠel tƸƮel ĞƸƮel vố` oảu tröo ’@g `t wcrc
ejt gjr...‛ (ijẮ` 4)
Wë bợ6
bợ6 \`tmju
\`tmjutt yjur mcip
mcip,, @ ojuibe‐t g`e`sm tm`
tm`ss nss`lekce
nss`lekcet.t.

SP
; @g `t wcrc ejt gjr yjur mcip , @ ojuibe‐t g`e`sm tm` tm`ss nss`lekcet
nss`lekcet..
Xrjv`b`el (tmnt)/prjv`bcb (tmnt) (; k`ểe iè)6 ĞƸữo bðel Ğỏ tmny tmẺ omj `g am` elƸớ` eÿ` oÿ û
emảe kẮem sỾ mẮe omẺ.
^
Wë bợ6 Pju one djrrjw ky d`ac prjv`bcb/ prjv`b`el (tmnt) yju dr`el `t dnoa tjkjrrjw kjre`el.
Ns ijel ns/ sj ijel ns (; k`ểe iè)6 oÿ oîom bðel tƸƮel tỾ emƸ prjv`b`el (tmnt)/ prjv`bcb (tmnt).

K
Wë bợ6 Pju one siny w`tm us ns/ sj ijel ns yju smnrc tmc cxpcescs.

Í
Jtmcrw`sc (; eẺu amòel tmé) ĞƸữo bðel Ğỏ tmny tmẺ omj //vè i`æe qune ĞẺekỐt û tƸỚel Ğï eÿ`
trjel oäu trƸốo.

XTNOR@
OR@OCOCA
Wë bợ6 Pju kust rcnb tmc `estruot`jes1 jtmcrw`sc, yju bje‐t aejw mjw tj usc tmck.
B ‟ XTN

Xnrt >6 Ojkpictc tmc ejtcs dcijw. \r`tc JEC \JTB JT N ESKDCT gjr cnom neswcr

ẨP
Rmc pinect's oi`kntc mns ojestnetiy dcce omnel`el jvcr tmjusnebs jg ycnrs. Rmc lijdni
nvcrnlc (>) ZZZZZZZZ tjbny `s ndjut >3¸O. _o`cet`sts nrc wjrr`cb tmnt tmc (4) ZZZZZZZZ `s

B
wnrk`el gnstcr tmne cvcr dcgjrc.

I
Rmc 48 wnrkcst ycnrs je rcojrb mnvc dcce `e tmc pnst 44 ycnrs, noojrb`el tj tmc \jrib
Kctcjrjijl`oni Jrlne`znt`je. @g tm`s trceb ojet`eucs, tckpcrnturcs kny r`sc dy ?‟3¸O dy (?)
ZZZZZZZZ.

@
_o`cet`sts sny wc smjuib try neb stjp tm`s trceb neb ejt niijw tmc nvcrnlc (2)
ZZZZZZZZtckpcrnturc tj r`sc kjrc tmne >.3¸. Dut cvce n 4¸O r`sc wjuib dc dnb gjr us nii. Ejw,

O
mnig n bclrcc bjcse't
bjcse't sjueb i`ac ku
kuom
om ‟ dut `t ojuib kn
knac
ac n d`l (3) ZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZ tj tmc pinect.

@
Xnrt 46 Omjjsc tmc ojrrcot icttcr, N, D, O jr B.

G
^ucst`je >6 \mnt wjuib mnppce tj tmc ojrni rccg `g tmcrc wcrc n 4¸O r`sc:
N. Rmc ojrni rccgs wjuib dc ojkpictciy sngc.

G
D. Nii tmc ojrni rccgs wjuib b`snppcnr.
O. 7 pcrocet jg tmc ojrni rccgs wjuib b`snppcnr.
B. _jkc jg tmc ojrni rccgs wjuib b`snppcnr.
^ucst`je
b`snppcnr:46 @g tmc tckpcrnturc ljcs up dy 4 O, mjw kney pcrocet jg tmc `escots je Cnrtm w`ii
N. ?
^ucst`je ?6
r`sc:
D. 3 O. 7

E J B. > =
?6 Mjw kney pcrocet jg pcjpic w`ii dc nggcotcb dy bnelcrjus mcnt wnvcs nt >.3¸O

ƨ
N. 0.43 D. >=.3 O. ?< B. < 2
^ucst`je 26
26 \mnt a`eb jg gjjb mns tmc d`llcst `egiuceoc je oi`kntc omnelc:

M
N. dccg D. pjra O. om`oace B. inkd
^ucst`je 36
36 \mnt `ebustry `s n knfjr sjuroc jg lrccemjusc lnscs:

E
N. Dnea`el `ebustry D. Omck`oni `ebustry
O. Rrnvci `ebustry B. Gnsm`je `ebustry

P
Xnrt ?6 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc
uebcri`ecb pnrt b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el
qucst`jes.
^ucst`je >6 N. prjbuocb
prjbuocb D. prjtcotcb
prjtcotcb O. k`xcb
k`xcb B. pnoacb

^S
^ucst`je 46 N. dnes
dnes D. outs
outs O. pnoa
pnoas B. pji
pjiiu
iutc
tcss
^ucst`je ?6 N. `kpnot D. p`oa O. lijdni`zc B. inebg`ii
^ucst`je 26 N. oj
ojkpjst D. i`vcst
i`vcstjjoa O. prjbuot B. sjiut`je
^ucst`je 36 N. `eorcns
cnsc D. rcicns
cnsc O. cns
cnsy B. drcna
cna

K
Í
Xnrt 26 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs
grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes
^ucst`je >6
^ucst`je 46
A
N. bnknlc
N. inebg`ii
D. prjtcot
D. lijdni
O. pjiiutc
O. rcusc
B. rcbuoc
B. onttic

P
^ucst`je ?6 N. nwnrcecss D. kntcr`ni O. bcgjrcstnt`je B. prjbuot`vc
^ucst`je 26 N. rcicnsc D. `kpnot O. i`vcstjoa B. k`xturc
^ucst`je 36 N. bcnbiy D. jdv`jus O. sjiut`je B. bnknl`el

BẨ
Xnrt 36 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj
cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

^ucst`je >. @ wjuibe‐t lj tmcrc nt e`lmt `g @ ZZZZZZZZ yju.

N. nk D. wns O. wcrc B. mnb dcce

I
^ucst
^u cst`j
`je
e 4. @g @ ZZZZZZZZ lct n pjic, @‐ii lj g`sm`el.

@
N. one D. ojuib O. kny B. k`lmt
^ucst`je ?. @g tmcy mnb cejulm t`kc, tmcy ZZZZZZZZ mcnb sjutm.

O
N. w`ii D. one O. kust B. k`lmt
^ucst`je 2. @g yju mnb tmc omneoc, ZZZZZZZZyju lj g`sm`el:

@
N. b`b D. kny O. wjuib B. bj

G
^ucst`je 3. @g yju ZZZZZZZZ n omj`oc, wm`om ojuetry wjuib yju v`s`t:
N. mnvc D. mnb O. mnvc mnb B. w`ii mnvc

G
^ucst`je 7. Rrccs wje‐t lrjw ZZZZZZZZ tmcrc `s cejulm wntcr.
N. `g D. wmce O. ueicss B. ns

J
^ucst`je <. _mjuib yju ZZZZZZZZ tj dc omjsce gjr tmc fjd, yju w`ii mnvc tj dc cxpcr`ceocb `e
tmc g`cib.
N. wnet D. wnetcb O. mnb wnetcb B. wnets

^ucst
^u
N. cst`j
wj
wjui `je
be mnv
uib =. @gc yju
mnvc tu fust
turec
recb npprjnom
b jut tmcii fjd
D. w`
w`ii turew`tm
ture jutt tmc r`lmt ntt`tubc,
ju O. wj
wjui tm`els
uibb ture ZZZZZZZZ
ture jutt
ju wcii.
B. tu
tures
res jut

E
^ucst
^u cst`j`jee 0. @ wjuib lj sw`kk`el `g tmc wcntmcr ZZZZZZZ dcttcr.

ƨ
N. ` s D. w`ii dc O. wjuib dc B. wcrc
^ucst`j
^uc st`jee >8. \crc @ tj mnvc cejulm kjecy, @ ZZZZZZZZ ndrjnb tj `kprjvc ky Celi`sm.

M
N. w`ii lj D. wjuib lj O. one lj B. smjuib lj
^ucst`j
^uc st`jee >>. Onkpn`l
Onkpn`lecrsecrs mnvc oniicb gjr n ZZZZZZZ dne je inebk`inebk`ecs.
ecs.
N. lijdniiy D. lijdni O. lijdc B. lijdni`zc
^ucst`je >4. Ryp`oniiy, uscb j`i `s bukpcb `etj ZZZZZZZ.
N. rcbuot`je D. pjiiut`je
E
O. inebg`iis B. k`xturc

P
^ucst`je >?. Kney bjotjrs ejw sny tmnt djx`el smjuib dc ZZZZZ.
N. rcicnscb D. rcbuocb O. bnknlcb B. dneecb

S
^ucst`je >2. Outt`el ZZZZZZZ trccs neb oicnr`el pinets tj usc tmc ineb gjr sjkctm`el cisc `s
oniicb bcgjrcstnt`je
N. bjwe D. jgg O. up B. ` e
^ucst`je
. onttic >3. Rmc `sineb mns tjD.`kpjrt
`k
gjpjrt
rcst j`i neb jtmcr
jtmcr rnw O
ZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZ.
. kntcr`ZZ.

^
N nis B. i`vcstjoa
^ucst`je >7. Mcnitm jgg`o`nis mnvc tr`cb tj ZZZZ nwnrcecss ndjut OJW@B->0

K
N. prjtcot D. r`sc O. rn`sc B. bnknlc
^ucst`je ><. Rmc ZZZZZZZZ mns dcce cejrkjus je pcjpic‐s bn`iy i`vcs

Í
N. `kpnot D. bc
bcgjrcstnt`je O. pjiiut`je B. prjtcot`je
^ucst`je >=. Fjme6 ’One
’One yju tnac jut tmc lnrdnlc wmce yju lj:‛ ‟ Fnoa6 ’ZZZZZZ‛

A
N. Pcs, surc. D. Ej, tmneas O. @‐k linb yju i`ac `t B. Ecvcr k`eb
^ucst`je >0. Rmc ljvcrekcet mns gn`icb tj ojkc up w`tm ne cggcot`vc ZZZZZZZ.
N. `esjivndiy D. sjivndic O. sjivc B. sjiut`je

P
^ucst`je 48. Bje‐t gjrlct tj ture tmc i`lmts ZZZZZZwmce yju icnvc.
N. up D. jut O. jgg B. j e

Ẩ
Xnrt 76 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R
`e kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`je >. Linss prjbuots nrc ojkpictciy rcoyoindic.

I
N. pjiiutcb D. bnknl`el O. rcusndic B. prjbuot`vc
^ucst`je 4. Rmc rcpjrt nsscsscs tmc `kpnot jg tmc b`scnsc je pjpuint`je lrjwtm.
N. bcntm D. prjtcot`je O. sjiut`je B. cggcot

@
Xnrt <6 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb JXXJ_@RC

O
`e kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`je >. _jkc jg tmcsc ojkpne`cs nrc pjiiut`el neb bcstrjy`el tmc cev`rjekcet.

@
N. prjtcot`el D. bnknl`el O. bukp`el B. rn`s`el

G
^ucst`je 4. Rmc ljvcrekcet dneecb o`lnrcttc ojkkcro`nis.
N. rcuscb D. niijwcb O. prjbuocb B. lijdni`zcb

Xnrt =6 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt
G
J
tmnt eccbs ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`je >. @g `t rn`ecb tjkjrrjw, wc wje‐t lj tj tmc zjj.
N. @ g D. rn`ecb O. wje‐t B. tmc
^ucst`je 4. \crc @ yju, @ w`i
w`iii nooc
noocpt
pt m`s prj
prjpjsn
pjsni.
i.
N. m`s D. \crc @ O. w`ii noocpt B. prjpjsni
^ucst`je ?. Rmcy eccb tj r`sc
r`sc nwnrcecss jg tmc prjbuot `e knracts

ƨ E
N. t j D. r`sc O. jg B. ` e

M
Xnrt 06 Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct

E
tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas.
Rm`ea Lijdniiy, Not Ijoniiy

P
\nelnr` Knntmn` wns tmc g`rst Ngr`one wjkne tj rcoc`vc tmc Ejdci Xcnoc Xr`zc `e 4882. _mc
wns nisj tmc g`rst gcknic somjinr grjk Cnst neb Ocetrni Ngr`on tj tnac n bjotjrntc (`e d`jijly), neb
tm
tmcc gg`r
`rst
st gckni
gcknicc pprj rjgcs
gcssj
sjrr ccvc
vcrr ``ee mmcr
cr mj
mjkc
kc oj
ojue
uetry
try jg Ac
Aceyn
eyn.. Knnt
Knntmn
mn`` pin
pinyc
ycbb nnee (>)
(>) pnrt
pn rt `e
tmc (4) gjr bckjorn
bckjornoy oy `e
`e AcAceyn
eyn..
S
Ns n yjuel l`ri `e Aceyn, smc wns surrjuebcb dy n r`om, dcnut`gui gjrcst. gjrc st. Ns smc snw tmc gjrcst

^
dc`el out bjwe, smc uebcrstjjb mjw tmc inoa jg gjrcsts (?) gnrk`el neb i`gc kjrc
b`gg`ou
g`ouiit ggjjr mmccr (2
(2) . Xc
Xcjpic gjgjulmt jv
jvccr wnt
wntcr
cr neb jvcr gj
gjjjb. _m
_mc bbco
co``bcb tj
tj ppiinet ee``ec
sccbi`els neb ns ttmmc trccs lrcw, smc mnb mcr ppiines tj
tj ppiinet trccs ggjjr ((33) .
>.
4.
?.
N. not
N. g`lmt`el
N. knbc
Í K D. not`el
D. strullic
D. ict
O. not`vc
O. ojetr`dut`je
O. onuscb
B. not`je
B. du`ib`el
B. drjulmt
2.
3.
N. mukne`ty
N. pcnoc
A D. nd`i`ty
D. rcst
O. rcspjes`d`i`ty
O. i`gc
B. ojkkue`ty
B. gnkc

P
Xnrt >86 Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct

Ẩ
tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes
Dy tmc ycnr 4843, tmc Cnrtm ojuib ijsc ns kney ns jec g`gtm jg nii spco`cs aejwe tj cx`st tjbny.

B
@e rcocet ocetur`cs, muebrcbs jg spco`cs mnvc b`snppcnrcb, nikjst niwnys ns n rcsuit jg mukne
not`v`t`cs. Rmc pnsscelcr p`lcje, jec gnk`i`nr cxnkpic, wns n sjuroc jg gjjb uet`i cxocss`vc

I
muet`el neb mnd`tnt ijss onuscb `ts cxt`eot`je `e >0>2. Rmc Ejrtm Nkcr`one d`sje, wmjsc
pjpuint`jes wcrc bco`kntcb dy sctticrs neb knract muetcrs `e tmc >=88s, onkc oijsc tj smnr`el tmc
snkc gntc. D`sje surv`vc tjbny jeiy dconusc jg tmc cggjrts jg cnriy ojescrvnt`je`sts.
Rjbny, spco`cs rcqu`rc suom cggjrts kjrc urlcetiy tmne cvcr. Ne csscet`ni tnsa tmnt gniis tj
prcscet-bny ojescrvnt`je`sts `s tj bctcrk`ec wm`om spco`cs nrc kjst, cebnelcrcb, sj tmnt
ojescrvnt`je
ojescrvn t`je rcsjuroc
rcsjurocs'
s' one dc nppi`c
nppi`cbb wmcrc not`je `s eccbcb kjst. _pco`
_pco`cs
cs nrc ontcljr`zcb dy

O@
tmc bclrcc tj wm`om tmc`r surv`vni `e tmc w`ib `s tmrcntcecb. \jrib \`ibi`gc Gueb jggcrs n snkpi`el

@
jg ne`knis neb pinets tmnt gnii kn`eiy
kn`eiy w`tm`e tmc twj kjst scr`jus ontcljr`cs jg- tmrcnt6 or`t`oniiy

G
cebnelcrcb neb cebnelcrcb. \mnt tmrcntces tmcsc spco`cs' cx`stceoc: _jkc jg tmc tjp tmrcnts nrc
mnd`tnt bcstruot`je dy uesustn`endic ijll`el neb cvcr-ceorjnom`el mukne scttickcet1 pjiiut`je jg

G
wntcr, sj`i, neb n`r dy tjx`o omck`onis1 ueenturni oi`kntc omnelcs buc tj gjss`i guci usc1 ueknenlcb
g`sm`el tmnt cxmnusts g`sm stjoas1 neb `iiclni muet`el tj suppiy tmc bckneb gjr sa`es, m`bcs,

J
trnb`t`jeni kcb`o`ecs, gjjb, neb tjur`st sjuvce`rs. Rmc i`st wm`om ojescrvnt`je`sts prcscets jeiy n
grnot`je jg tmc spco`cs nt r`sa jg cxt`eot`je tjbny neb bjcs ejt `eoiubc tmjusnebs jg spco`cs wmjsc
stntus wc bj ejt yct aejw. Muebrcbs jg spco`cs w`tmjut ojkkje enkcs mnvc dcce icgt jut, wm`om
kcnes tmnt wm`ic kney knkknis nrc je tm`s i`st, jeiy n gcw `escots neb kjiiusas nrc `eoiubcb.

E
_pco`cs i`stcb mcrc rnelc grjk tmc inrlcst ne`kni je Cnrtm, tmc diuc wmnic, tj tmc knfcst`o
t`lcr, tj tmc mukdic tm`oa-smcii pjeb sen`i. Inrlc jr sknii, dcnut`gui jr uliy, nii spco`cs piny n rjic
`e tmc ojkpicx o`roic jg i`gc. Nii jg us bcpceb je tmc enturni rcsjurocs jg jur pinect. Cnom t`kc n
spco`cs `s ijst, tmc ojkpicx`ty, enturni dnineoc, neb dcnuty jg jur wjrib `s b`k`e`smcb. Neb wmnt
tmrcntces pinets neb ne`knis uit`kntciy tmrcntces pcjpic ns wcii.

^ucst`je >6 Noojrb`el tj tmc g`rst pnrnlrnpm ZZZZZZZ.

N. spco`cs cxt`eot`je `s jeiy onuscb dy muet`el
E M ƨ
D. mukne dc`els prjtcot w`gc i`gc kuom kjrc tmne tmcy bj mnrk tj tmck

P
O. tmc kn`e onusc jg spco`cs cxt`eot`je `s mukne not`v`t`cs
B. wc one stjp rnb`oniiy spco`cs cxt`eot`je dy 4843

S
^ucst`je 46 Rmc Ejrtm Nkcr`one d`sje ZZZZZZZ.
N. wns ojkpictciy cxt`eot `e tmc >=88s
D. wns ejt tmc n`k jg mukne muet`el

^
O. wns rn`scb dy sctticrs `e tmc >=88s
B. mns csonpcb grjk cxt`eot`je tmneas tj ojescrvnt`je`sts
^ucst`je ?6 _pco`cs nrc ontcljr`zcb ZZZZZZZ.
N. tj prcvcet muet`el D. tj prjv`bc gjjb
O. tj bcstrjy
^ucst`je tmc`r
26 \m`om mnd`tnts`s truc: B. tj l`vc prcgcrcet`ni r`lmt tj ojescrvc
scetceoc

A Í K
N. Kcb`o`ec `s ejt n gnotjr tj onusc spco`cs cxt`eot`je.
D. Rmc i`st tmnt ojescrvnt`je`sts prcscet bjcs ejt `eoiubc nii a`ebs jg spco`cs.
O. Xjiiut`je bjcs ejtm`el tj spco`cs cxt`eot`je.
B. Ojescrvnt`je`sts mnvc ljjb aejwicblc jg nii a`ebs jg kjiiusas.
^ucst`je 36 Noojrb`el tj tmc inst pnrnlrnpm, ZZZZZZZ.
N. spco`cs cxt`eot`je mns ej rcint`jesm`p tj mukne dc`els
 P
Ẩ
D. wmnt tmrcntces pinets neb ne`knis one bj ejtm`el tj mukne dc`els
O. mukne dc`els bcpceb je enturni rcsjurocs tj surv`vc

B
B. ejt cvcry, spco`cs mns n rjic `e tmc o`roic jg i`gc.

I
WJONDSINTP GJT TCNB@EL I@_R

cxocss`vc (n) quî kỠo, bƸ tmỡn `iiclni (n) 59 iclni (n) dảt mữp pmîp 59 mữp pmîp

@
/ɦaˍscsɦv/ /ɦˍi`˘ɮi/ 59 /ˍi`˘ɮi/
cxt`eot`je (e) sỾ tuyỌt omỬel m`bc (e) /mnɦb/ bn ĞỐel vẫt
/ɦaˍstɦŁaʏe/
gntc (e) /gcɦt/ sỞ pmẫe dc nt r`sa lẼp eluy m`ỏk
bco`kntc (v) l`Ẻt kỐt iƸữel iốe icnvc jut amòel dnj lởk

G @O
/ˍbcsɦkcɦt/ (elƸớ`/ ĞỐel vẫt)
elm`æk trịel

G
tmrcntce (v) Ğc bịn rnelc grjk N tj D Ğn bẮel tỡ N ĞẺe D
/ˍνrcte/

J
ijll`el (e) v`Ọo omẼt pmî rỡel piny n rjic Ğÿel vn` trô
/ˍiɔɮ.ɦŁ/
b`k`e`sm (v) oẪt l`ắk

E
/bɦˍkɦe.ɦʏ/

ƨ
Xnrt >>6 Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`el jg tmc l`vce jecs.
^ucst`je >6 @g @ b`b ejt i`ac s`el`el, @ wjuib ejt fj`e tm`s oiud.
↔ Seicss

EM
^ucst`je 46 Mc s`ts nrjueb tjj kuom. Mc `se‐t g`t.
↔ @g

P
^ucst`je ?6 @ bje‐t mnvc n spnrc t`oact. @ one‐t tnac yju tj tmc ojeocrt
↔ @g

S
^ucst`je 26 Lj r`lmt ejw jr yju‐ii dc intc gjr tmc trn`e.

^
↔ @g
^ucst`je 36 Murry up, jr wc w`ii dc intc gjr tmc cxnk.

K
↔ @g
^ucst`je 76 @g @ b`b ejt i`ac s`el`el, @ wjuib ejt fj`e tm`s oiud.

↔ Seicss

AÍ
^ucst`je <6 Rmc onr drcnas bjwe sj jgtce dconusc yju bje‐t tnac ljjb onrc jg `t.
↔ \crc

P
^ucst`je =6 @g @ scc wmcrc yjur wntom `s, @ w`ii ejt`gy yju `kkcb`ntciy.

Ẩ
↔ _mjuib
^ucst`je 06 @g @ wcrc yju, @ wjuib ejt noocpt dcojk`el m`s sudjrb`entc.

B
↔ \crc
 I
^ucst`je >86 @g yju mnvc n dntm, tmcrc w`ii dc ej mjt wntcr icgt.
↔ _mjuib

@
Xnrt >46 \JTB GJTK6
^ucst`je >6 ZZZZZZZZZZ `s bcstrjy`el inrlc nrcns jg trjp`oni rn`e gjrcst. (gjrcst)

O
^ucst`je 46 Rrngg`o ojelcst`je `e inrlc o`t`cs sccks tj dc ne ZZZZZZZZZZ prjdick. (sjivc)
^ucst`je ?6 Rmc ZZZZZZZZZZjg gijur, wntcr, neb ycnst `s tmce icgt `e n wnrk pinoc gjr gjur
mjurs. (k`x)
^ucst`je 26 _uipmur b`jx`bc `s jec jg scvcrni ZZZZZZZZZZ tmnt nrc rcicnscb `etj tmc ntkjspmcrc
dy ojni-g`rcb pjwcr stnt`jes. (Xjiiutc)

GG@
^ucst`je 36 @ accp ky ojkputcr pr`etcr uebcr n ZZZZZZZZZZ pinst`o ojvcr. (Xrjtcot)
Xnrt >?6 \r`tc ne cssny jg >=8 wjrbs ndjut ’MJ\ RJ TCBSOC XJIISR@JE @E PJST

J
MJKCRJ\E‛
Pju kust `eoiubc6
- \mnt typc jg pjiiut`je `e yjur mjkctjwe (n`r pjiiut`je, wntcr pjiiut`je, sj`i
pjiiut`je, …)
…)
- \nys tj rcbuoc pjiiut`je
E
ƨ
@bcns gjr tmc tjp`o6
- usc pudi`o trnespjrtnt`je

M
- wnia neb oyoic kjrc
- usc ne cicotr`o vcm`oic
- sw`tom tj n rcecwndic cecrly
- nvj`b dure`el icnvcs, trnsm, neb jtmcr kntcr`nis.

PE
Xnrt >26 Neswcr tmc qucst`jes
^ucst`je >. \mnt onuscs cev`rjekcetni prjdicks:

S
@ suppjsc cev`rjekcetni `ssucs rcsuit grjk kney tm`els dut kn`eiy grjk mukne not`v`t`cs. Rmcy
oicnr gjrcsts gjr gnrk`el neb mjus`el, neb tm`s icnvcs eclnt`vc cggcots je tmc cev`rjekcet ns

^
wcii ns mnd`tnts jg w`ibi`gc. Dcs`bcs, tmc r`s`el icvcis jg OJ4 buc tj `ebustr`ni not`v`t`cs nisj icnb
tj lijdni wnrk`el
◊ Wjonduinry

K
- cev`rjekcetni `ssuc (e) /ɦeˉvnɦ
/ɦeˉvnɦɐrɐeˍkɑ
ɐrɐeˍkɑeti
eti ˍɦʏu˘/6 vảe ĞỎ kò` trƸớel
- oicnr gjrcsts6 pmî rỡel
-
-
-
Í
cggcot (je stm) (e)
(e) /ɦˍgcat/6
/ɦˍgcat/6 tîo ĞỐel iæ
iæee oî` lé ; `kpnot/ `egiuceoc je s.t
mnd`tnt (e) /ˍmçdɦtçt/6 kò` trƸớel sỞel oỬn ĞỐel/tmỾo vẫt mjnel bï
lijdni wnrk`el (e) /ˉɮiɐʆdi ˍwɒ˘kɦŁ/ 6 eÿel iæe tjèe oẬu

PA
^ucst`je 4. Bj yju jr yjur gnk`iy tnac stcps tj mcip tmc cev`rjekcet:
\cii…ocrtn`eiy. \c bj rcniiy onrc gjr jur cev`rjekcet. Rmnt‐s tmc rcnsje wmce wc bj tmc

Ẩ
smjpp`el, wc usuniiy usc rcusndic dnls `estcnb jg pinst`o jecs. \mnt‐s kjrc: \c nisj ture
jvcruscb djttics gjr jtmcr purpjscs. \c jgtce usc tmck tj pinet trccs jr gijwcrs.

B
◊ Wjonduinry
- onrc gjr s.t6 qune täk ĞẺe Ğ`Ỏu lé

I
- rcusndic (n) /ˉr`˘ˍfu˘zɐdi/6 oÿ tmỏ tî` sừ bợel
- pinet trccs6 trởel oäy
^ucst`je ?. Mnvc yju cvcr pnrt`o`pntcb `e ney cev`rjekcetni cvcets:
@
O
Pcs, jg ojursc! Inst ycnr @ pnrt`o`pntcb `e ne cvcet `e ky mjkctjwe, wm`om wns nii ndjut

@
prcscrv`el enturc...
enturc... \c wcrc tnulmt ndjut tmc lrccemjusc cggcot neb @ icnrecb ndjut kney
cebnelcrcb spco`cs `e tmc wjrib.

G
◊ Wjonduinry
- pnrt`o`pntc `e ; tnac pnrt `e6 tmnk l`n
- prcscrvc enturc6 /prɦˍzə˘v ˍecɦtʏɐ(r)/ dắj tởe tỾ em`æe

JG
- lrccemjusc cggcot /ˍɮr`˘emnʆs ɦˍgcat /6 m`Ọu Ỡel emè aëem
- cebnelcrcb spco`cs6 oîo ijè` dề Ğc bịn

E
^ucst`je 2. Bj yju tm`ea pjiiut`je `s n d`l prjdick ejwnbnys:
Pcs, bcg`e`tciy. N`r neb wntcr pjiiut`je nrc mulc `ssucs `e tmc kjbcre wjrib. Rmc n`r pjiiut`je

ƨ
prjdick `s cspco`niiy lrnvc buc tj tmc `eorcns`el nkjuet jg cxmnust gukcs,
gukcs, wm`om nrc prjbuocb
dy onrs, neb rcsuit `e n pjjr n`r quni`ty.
◊ Wjonduinry
M
E
- `ssuc (e) /ˍɦʏu˘/ ; prjdick (e) /ˍpr
/ˍprɔdi
ɔdiɐk/
ɐk/66 vảe ĞỎ
- lrnvc (n) /ɮrcɦv/ ; scr`jus (n) /ˍsɦɐr`ɐs/6 elm`æk trịel
- cxmnust gukcs (e) /ɦɮˍzɒ˘st /gfu˘kz/ amë tmắ` ĞỐo mẮ`
- rcsuit `e ; icnb tj6 bạe tố`

SP
- n`r quni`ty /ˍcɐ awɔiɐt`/6 omảt iƸữel amòel amë

^
^ucst`je 3. Nrc rcs`bcets `e yjur tjwe ljjb nt rcoyoi`el:
_nbiy, `e ky jp`e`je, ejt ecnriy ljjb cejulm. @ aejw `e kney Curjpcne ojuetr`cs, tmc knetrn
jg rcus`el neb rcoyoi`el pinst`os neb onrbdjnrb mns dcojkc nutjknt`o dut mcrc tmcrc `s st`ii n

K
ouiturc jg tmrjw`el cvcrytm`el nwny neb kjst bjkcst`o, ns wcii ns `ebustr`ni wnstc, `s
`eo`ecrntcb. Jdv`jusiy, tm`s pji`oy fust ojetr`dutcs tj wjrsce`el n`r pjiiut`je neb tj pinst`o

Í
dc`el tmrjwe `etj tmc scn

A
◊ Wjonduinry
- knetrn (e) /ˍkçetrɐ/6 tmẬe omö
- `eo`ecrntc (v) ; dure (v) /ɦeˍsɦeɐrcɦt/ ĞỞt omîy
- ojetr`dutc tj6 Ğÿel lÿp

ẨP
- tmrjw `etj6 eàk vèj Ğäu Ğÿ

Xnrt >26 Knac n prcscetnt`je ndjut tmc tjp`o6

B
Bcsor`dc ne cev`rjekcetni prjdick tmnt mns joourrcb
joourr cb `e yjur ojuetry

I
Pju smjuib sny6

◊ Rmc onusc jg tmc prjdick

@
◊ \mnt cggcot `t mns mnb je yjur ojuetry
◊ Rmc stcps, `g ney, tmnt mnvc dcce tnace tj sjivc tm`s

O
◊ Cxpin`e wmy yju tm`ea tm`s prjdick `s sj `kpjrtnet tj sjivc.

_ullcstcb neswcr6

pjiiut`je jg wntcrwnys, r`vcrs neb

ne b onenis. @t `s onuscb dy
G @
@g tmcrc `s ne cev`rjekcetni prjdick tmnt @ wjuib i`ac tj tnia ndjut, `t w`ii dc tmc cxocss
cxocss`vc
`vc
d y tmc `rrcspjes`dic b`spjsni jg wnstcs dy
tmc gnotjr`cs, `ebustr`cs neb tmc pcjpic wmj i`vc ecnr tmc djb`cs jg wntcr.
Rmc pjiiut`je jg tmc r`vcrs wns tmc cggcot jg prjijelcb ndusc neb eclicot. Rmc r`vcrs nrc
 G
ojes`bcrcb d`jijl`oniiy bcnb, wm`om kcnes ej g`sm icgt tj ontom neb icss gjjb tj cnt. Djnts ojuib
ejt trnvci dconusc jg tmc bces`ty jg tmc bcdr`s jg gijnt`el pinst`o wnstcs1 tmc r`vcrs ck`t n gjui

J
stceom neb tmc wntcrs nrc tjx`o wm`om mjuscs n eukdcr jg dnotcr`n tmnt ojuib onusc b`ggcrcet
b`scnscs.

E
@e tmc 08‐s, tmc ljvcrekcet stnrtcb tj orcntc n rcmnd`i`tnt`je prjlrnk gjr tmc r`vcrs neb
wntcrwnys, uegjrtuentciy, tmcy gn`icb tj b`spinoc tmc kn`e pjiiutcrs-tmc `iiclni sctticrs ecnr tmc

ƨ
r`vcr, s`kpiy dconusc tmcy mnvc tmc`r ’mukne r`lmts‛.
Rmc prjdick `s `kpjrtnet tj sjivc s`kpiy dconusc
dconu sc wntcr `s i`gc. @t `s tmc o`rouintjry systck jg

M
tmc wjrib, wntcr cendicb i`gc gjrks tj surv`vc neb wc eccb jtmcr i`gc gjrks `e jrbcr tj surv`vc.

E
`rrcspjes`dic (n) vò trîom em`Ọk ck`t (v) /`ˍkɦt/ tỊn rn (em`Ọt/ îem
/ˉɦrɦˍspɔesɐdi/ sîel/ amë)
b`spjsni (e) sỾ ijẮ` dỊ (omảt tmắ`) stceom (e) /stcetʏ/ kð` amÿ omều

P
/bɦˍspɐʆzi/
ndusc (e) /ɐˍdfu˘s/ sỾ iẮk bợel rcmnd`i`tnt`je (e) sỾ pmợo mở`
/ˉr`˘ɐˉdɦiɦˍtcɦʏe/
bces`ty (e) /ˍbcesɐt`/ kẫt ĞỐ o`rouintjry systck mỌ tuẬe mjèe

^S
/ˉsə˘afɐˍicɦtɐr` ˍsɦstɐk/
bcdr`s (e) kắem vỮ oôe sÿt iẮ`
/ˍbcdr`˘/ snu am` tmỠ lé dề pmî
mỬy

K
Í
A
P
BẨ

I
KJTC C]CTO@_C_
Xnrt @. XMJECR@O_

@
Cxcro`sc >. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs
b`ggcr s grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc
`e pjs`t`je jg tmc pr`knry strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

O
>. N. b`spjsni D. ne`kni O. cecrly B. pjvcrty

@
4. N. nwnrcecss D. sjiut`je O. `kpjrtneoc B. mnpp`ecss
?. N. jr`l`e D. bcpcebceoc O. mnrkjey B. gnotjry
2. N. rcpinockcet
3. N. `estrukcet
7. N. vcm`oic
D. pjiiutnet
D. cel`eccr
D. kus`oni
O. rcs`bcet
O. ecwsicttcr
O. nrt`oic
B. bcpict`je
B. gnk`iy

G
B. rcbuot`je G
J
<. N. ojesukpt`je D. omck`oni O. ec`lmdjrmjjb B. pcst`o`bc
=. N. so`cet`st D. ojescquceoc O. bctcrlcet B. `egiuceoc
0. N. crjs`je D. ntkjspmcrc O. rcsjurocs B. ojegus`je
>8. N. vjiuetccr D. omnr`ty O. vclctndic B. `efury

E
Xnrt @@. WJONDSINTP
Cxcro`sc 4. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot
ojrrco t neswcr tj cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el
qucst`jes.

N. `ebustr`ni D. dus`ecss
ƨ
>>. @g yju nsa kc, ZZZZ wnstc `s n kuom d`llcr prjdick tmne jrb`enry mjuscmjib wnstc.
O. wjra`el B. kneugnotur`el
>4. Bj yju aejw wmnt OGO ZZZZ:
M
N. scts `e D. bjcs up
E
O. stnebs gjr B. lcts bjwe
>?. Rmcrc‐s dcce n ZZZZ `e Lcrkney neb n v`iinlc wns ojkpictciy bcstrjycb.

P
N. gijjb D. br`zzic O. smjwcr B. skjl
>2. B`ejsnurs mnvc dcce ZZZZ gjr k`ii`jes jg ycnrs.
N. cebnelcrcb D. cxt`eot O. tmrcntcecb B. b`snppcnrcb
>3. Ns tjwe lrjw, tmcy tceb tj bcstrjy tmc surrjueb`el ZZZZ nrcns.

N. utmc
>7. Bur`el rdneinst muebrcb ycnrs
D. owc
jkk cro`bjec
mnvc ni lrcntOZZZZ
. inebtj tmc cev`rjekcet.
B. rurni
N. `efury
^S
D. pjiiut`je O. bnknlc
><. Rmcrc nrc ijts jg tm`els wc one nii bj tj ZZZZ tmc cev`rjekcet.
B. murt

K
N. cemneoc D. prjtcot O. knac B. du`ib
>=. Cev`rjekcetni`sts nrc gur`jus w`tm tmc Nkcr`one Ljvcrekcet gjr bciny`el kcnsurcs wm`om

Í
w`ii rcbuoc lrccemjusc lns ZZZZ.

A
N. cxmnust gukcs D. skjacs O. wnstcs B. ck`ss`jes
>0. Rmc ljvcrekcet `s `etrjbuo`el str`ot ecw ruics je tmc bukp`el jg ZZZZ dy `ebustry.
N. pc
pcsst`o`
o`bc
bcss D. cxm
cxmnust
ust gukcs. O. tjx`o wnststcc B. ck`ss`s`jjes

P
48. Gnrkcrs ojetr`dutc tj cev`rjekcetni bnknlc dy sprny`el ZZZZ w`tm ZZZZ, wm`om stny `e tmc
sj`i gjr ycnrs.

Ẩ
N. nlr`ouiturc ‟ pcst`o`bcs D. nlr`ouiturc - gcrt`i`zcrs
O. orjps ‟ gcgcrt`i`zcrs B. orjps - ppccst`o`bcs
4>. RmcNlrnbuni
. lrccemr`sc
jus`e
c ctmc
ggcoCnrtm's
Cnrtm's tckpcrntu
tckpcrnturc
rc `s aejwe
D. lns
ijdZZZZ.

B
t ni wnrk`el

O. jzjec inycr B. no`b rn`e

44. Rmc ZZZZ tmnt nrc prjbuocb dy gnotjr`cs neb onrs nrc niijw`el kjrc ZZZZ grjk tmc sue tj
rcnom onrtm.

@ I
N. lnscs ‟ rnb`nt`je D. lnscs - i`lmt O. lns ‟ i`
i `lmt B. lns -
rnb`nt`je

O
4?. Ns tmc Cnrtm lcts mjttcr, tmc Nrot`o neb Netnrot`o ZZZZ w`ii sijwiy kcit neb tmc icvci jg tmc

@
jocnes w`ii r`sc.
N. sejwdniis D. nvnineomcs O. `oc onps B. `ocdcrls

G
42. Rmcrc w`ii dc ZZZZ, tjj. _jkc nrcns w`ii dcojkc wcttcr wm`ic jtmcrs w`ii dcojkc kuom

G
br`cr.
N. wcntmcr omnelcs D. wcntmcr gjrconsts
O. oi`knt`o omnelcs B. oi`kntc omnelcs

N. enturni rcsjurocs
O. wnys jg i`gc
J
43. Rmjusnebs jg norcs jg gjrcst nrc dc`el out bjwe cvcry ycnr neb tmc ZZZZ jg kney ne`knis nrc
dc`el bcstrjycb.
D. enturni mnd`tnts
B. i`v`el surrjueb`els
47. Kney jg tmc wjrib's inrlcst o`t`cs nrc ZZZZ neb sjkc nrc pcrknecetiy ojvcrcb dy n ZZZZ.

ƨE
N. mc
mcnnv`iy pjiiut
utcb
cb - pjiiut
utccb oijub D. mc
mcnnvy pjiiut`je - pjiiut utccb oijub
O. mcnv
mcnvyy ppji
jiiu
iut`
t`je
je - oiju
oijubb jjgg ppji
jiiu
iut`
t`je
je B. mcnv
mcnv`i
`iyy ppji
jiiu
iutc
tcbb - oiju
oijubb jjgg ppji
jiiu
iut`
t`je
je

M
4<. Knac surc yjur onr rues je ueicnbcb pctrji neb yjur mjkc uscs sjurocs jg ZZZZ cecrly.
N. rcoyoi`el D. rcuscb O. rcecwndic B. rcoyoindic

E
4=. _o`cet`sts mnvc gjueb mjics `e tmc ZZZZ, pnrt`ouinriy jvcr Netnrot`on.
N. `oc onps D. pjinr `oc O. jzjec inycr B. lrccemjusc

P
40. Lrccepcnoc `s ne `etcrent`jeni lrjup tmnt prjtcsts nln`est neytm`el wm`om `s n ZZZZ tj tmc
cev`rjekcet.

S
N. tmrcnt D. tmrcntce O. tmrcntce`el B. tmrcntcecr
?8. @g ljvcrekcet bje't ZZZZ lijdni wnrk`el, kjrc enturni b`snstcrs w`ii joour.
N. nom`cvc D. prjkjtc O. b`sojurnlc B. prcvcet
?>. Rmcrc s mns dcce n stcnby r`sc `e tmc nvcrnlc tckpcrnturc nrjueb tmc pinect jvcr tmc inst
muebrcb ycnrs jr sj, neb tmc knfjr`ty jg so`cet`sts put `t ZZZZ tj mukne not`v`ty.
N. bjwe D. dnoa O. up B. norjss

K^
?4. Mjwcvcr, sjkc so`cet`sts nrluc tmnt tmnt tmc m`stjr`oni cv`bceoc smjws tmnt jvcr t`kc tmc Cnrtm
mcnts ZZZZ neb ojjis ZZZZ enturniiy.
N. up - nwny
nwny
Í D. nwny - bjw
bjwee O. up-b
up-bjwe
jwe B. bjw
bjwee - up
??. @t `s prcb`otcb tmnt jvcr tmc ecxt gcw bconbcs kney spco`cs w`ii b`c ZZZZ ns jeoc gcrt`ic nrcns
ture tj bcscrt.
N. jgg
A D. jut Ю. up B. bjwe

P
?2. Kjst jg tmc n`r pjiiut`je rcsuits ZZZZ tmc dure`el jg gjss`i gucis, kjtjr vcm`oics, gnotjr`cs,
n`rorngt neb rjoacts.

Ẩ
N. ` e D. tj O. je B. grjk
?3. Cev`rjekcetni pjiiut`je `s dcojk`el ne ZZZZ scr`jus prjdick tmnt eccbs tj dc tnace onrc jg
ns sjje ns pjss`dic.
N. `eorcns`eliy D. `eorcns`el O. `eorcnsc B. `eorcnscb

I
Cxcro`sc ?. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el tj tmc
uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
?7. \c nrc gno`el scvcrc cev`rjekcetni pjiiut`je bcsp`tc tmc gnot tmnt kney wjrib jrlne`znt`jes
nrc wjra`el mnrb tj rcbuoc `t.
N. mcnvy D. bcstruot`vc O. mnrkgui B. scr`jus

O @
?<. \ntcr pjiiut`je
pjiiut`je `s n rcsuit jg bukp`el pjii
pjiiutnets
utnets suom ns bctcrlcet
bctcrlcets,
s, pcst`o`b
pcst`o`bcs,
cs, j`i, neb jtmcr

@
omck`onis `e r`vcrs, wm`om knacs tmc wntcr ueoicne.
N. sudstneocs D. stuggs O. ojetnk`enets B. wnstcs

G
?=. _tjp tmc bclrnbnt`je jg tmc pinect's enturni cev`rjekcet neb du`ib n guturc `e wm`om muknes

G
i`vc `e mnrkjey
mnrkjey w`t
w`tmm enturc
enturc..
N. ojcx`st pcnocguiiy w`tm D. gnii `e ijvc w`tm
O. nlrcc w`tm B. ojjpcrntc w`tm

N. b`ggcrceoc D. nduebneoc O. vnr`cty

J
?0. \\G wns sct up `e >07> neb mnb `ts jpcrnt`jes `e nrcns suom ns tmc prcscrvnt`je jg
d`jijl`oni b`vcrs`ty.
B. picety

N. scn pinets
O. wntcr i`gc
E
28. Rmc scnsmjrc wns kuom pjiiutcb dconusc jg tmc nkjuet jg wnstc icgt tmcrc. Nii tm`s rudd`sm `s
a`ii`el g`sm neb jtmcr knr`ec i`gc.
D. scn knkknis
B. scn orcnturcs

Mƨ
2>. @e >0=7, tmc jrlne`znt`je omnelcb `ts enkc tj \jrib \`bc Gueb gjr Enturc. Enturc. Mjwcvcr, `t mns
jpcrntcbb uebcr tmc jr`l`eni enkc `e tmc S_ neb Onenbn.
jpcrntc

E
N. jib D. gjrkcr O. g`rst B. neo`cet
24. _jkc jg \\G's k`ss`jes nrc6 ojescrv`el tmc wjrib's d`jijl`oni b`vcrs`ty, cesur`el tmc usc jg

P
rcecwndic enturni rcsjurocs, neb prjkjt`el tmc rcbuot`je jg pjiiut`je.
N. fjds D. onrccrs O. tnsas B. not`jes

S
2?. N`r pjiiut`je `s n ojescquceoc jg gjss`i guci dure`el dy kjtjr vc vcm`oics,
m`oics, gnotjr`cs, n`rorngt neb
rjoacts.
N. prjbuot D. cxnkpic O. mnrk B. rcsuit

N. wjrscecb ^
22. Rmc enturni cev`rjekcet mns dcce scr`jusiy `egiuceocb neb bclrnbcb dy mukne not`v`t`cs
tmrjulm kney bconbcs.
D. bnknlcb O. bcstrjycb B. rcbuocb

23. Lijdni wnrk`el

lrccemjusc cggcot. `s tmc lrnbuni `eorcnsc jg tckpcrnturc je tmc Cnrtm's surgnoc buc tj
N. stcnby
ÍK D. sijw O. smnrp

uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

27. Grcsm wntcr `s vcry `kpjrtnet tj i`gc dconusc ej jec one i`vc w`tmjut
B. ndrupt
Cxcro`sc 2. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC `e kcne`el tj tmc

w`tmjut `t. Pct `t `s jec jg tmc

 A
P
i`k`tcb neb kjst cebnelcrcb enturni rcsjurocs je jur pinect.
N. Oicne D. Br`eandic O. Xjiiutcb B. Tuee`el

Ẩ
2<. Jec wny tj prjtcot jur cev`rjekcet grjk pjiiut`
pjiiut`je
je `s tj rcbuoc wnstcgui
wnstcgui ojesukpt`je.
N. ojstiy D. cxocss`vc O. sngc B. cojejk`oni

B
2=. @g yju gjiijw nt icnst jec jg tmc t`ps, yju one dc prjub jg tna`el pnrt `e tmc prcscrvnt`je jg
wntcr, jec jg tmc vcry `kpjrtnet neb i`k`
i`k`tcb
tcb enturni rcsjurocs je cnrtm.

I
N. scig-ojeg`bcet D. scig-snt`sg`cb O. b`sojetcet B. uepicnsnet
20. _j`i pjiiut`je icnbs tj inoa jg gcrt`ic ineb tj lrjw cejulm gjjb gjr ne `eorcns`el pjpuint`je.
N. nr`b D. r`om O. ueoicne B. bcscrtcb

@
38. Lijdni wnrk`el kny icnb tj kney eclnt`vc omnelcs, `eoiub`el mnrsmcr wcntmcr ojeb`t`jes.
N. kjrc uedcnrndic D. k`ibcr
O. kjrc cxtrckc B. kjrc scr`jus

G @O
G
J
E
ƨ
EM
P
S
^
K
AÍ
P
Ẩ
B
 I
SE@R =6 COJIJLP NEB RMC CEW@TJEKCER
N-WJONDSINTP

@
>. dne (v) /dçe/ oảk >?. inebg`ii (e) dï` rîo
/ˍiçebgɦi/

O
4. bnknlc (v) /ˍbçkɦbʔ/ ièk mẮ` >2. i`vcstjoa (e) l`n söo, l`n oẬk
/ˍinɦvstɔa/
?. pjiiutc (v) /pɐˍiu˘t/ ièk ò em`ểk >3. kntcr`ni (e) eluyæe vẫt i`Ọu
/kɐˍtɦɐr`ɐi/

GG@
2. prjbuot (e) /ˍprɔbʉat/ sắe pmẠk >7. k`xturc (e) mỜe mữp
/ˍkɦastʏɐ(r)/
3. prjtcot (v) /prɐˍtcat/ dắj vỌ ><. jdv`jus (nbf) ró rèel

J
/ˍɔdv`ɐs/
7. rcoyoic (v) /ˉr`˘ˍsnɦai/ tî` omẺ >=. pnoanl`el (e) dnj dé
/ˍpçaɦbʔɦŁ/

E
<. rcbuoc (v) /rɦˍbfu˘s/ l`ắk >0. sjiut`je (e) l`ắ` pmîp
/sɐˍiu˘ʏe/

ƨ
=. rcusc (v) /ˉr`˘ˍfu˘z/ tî` sừ bợel 48. onttic (e) l`n söo
/ˍaçti/

M
0. ojkpjst (v)
(v) /ˍaɔ
/ˍaɔkp
kpɔs
ɔstt/ Ử pmäe
pmäe (t
(tỡỡ rî
rîoo 4>. bcnbiy (nbf) omẺt elƸớ`
tmỾo pmẠk) /ˍbcbi`/
>8. bcgjrcstnt`je (e) sỾ pmî rỡe
rỡell 44. lijdni (nbf) tjèe oẬu
/ˉb`˘ˉgɔrɦˍstcɦʏe/
>>. lrccemjusc lns (e) amë emè aëem /ˍɮiɐʆdi/
4?. rcicnsc (v
(v)) //rɦ
rɦˍi
ˍi``˘s/ tmắ, pm
pmÿel tm
tmëom
/ˉɮr`˘emnʆs ˍɮçs/
>4. `kpnot (e) /ˍɦkpçat/ sỾ ắem mƸỚel
P E 42. s`e
s`elc-u
lc-usc
sc (nbf)
/ˉsɦŁɮi ˍfu˘s/
sừ bợel kỐt iẬe

S
^
*\jrb gjrks
Ej EJSE WCTD NBF NBW
> dne dne bnknl`el

K
4 bnknlc(s) bnknlc
? pjiiut`je, pjiiutnet pjiiutc pjiiutcb

Í
2 prjbuot prjbuoc prjbuot`vc prjbuot`vciy
3 prjtcot`je prjtcot prjtcotcb, prjtcot`vc prjtcot`vciy

7 rprjtcotjr
coyoi`el rcoyoic rcoyoindic, rcoyoicb
<
=
P A
rcbuot`je rcbuoc
rcusc
rcbuocb
rcusndic

Ẩ
0 ojkpjst ojkpjst
>8 bcgjrcstnt`je bcgjrcst gjrcstcb
>> `kpnot `kpnot

B>4
>?
k`xturc
pnoanl`el
k` x
pnoa 59 uepnoa
k`xcb
pnoacb

>2 sjiut`je sjivc sjivndic 59 `esjivndic ; `esjivndiy

 >3 bcnbce bcnb, bcntm
`esjiudic
bcnb, bcnbiy, bcntmiy bcnbiy, bcntmiy I
@
>7 lijdc lijdni`zc lijdni lijdniiy
>< rcicnsc rcicnsc

D-C]XTC__@JE_ & JRMCT _RTSORSTC_

43. ture jgg 59 ture je tẪt (tm`Ẻt dề) 59 kỚ (tm`Ẻt dề) @ O
47. knac s.tm + Nbf ièk omj oî` lé emƸ tmẺ eèj
4<. lj jut Ğ` rn eljè`

J GG
4=. out bjwe (gjrcst) omẼt pmî (rỡel)
40. tnac up om`Ẻk
?8. icnb tj bạe ĞẺe
?>. drcna up vỮ tmèem em`Ỏu kắem

E
?4. ceb up omảk bỠt, bạe tố` aẺt oợo
??. bukp trnsm tmắ` rîo

ƨ
?2. rn`sc nwnrcecss eäel onj emẫe tmỠo
?3. tnac jjuut (trnsm/ lnrdnlc) Ğồ rîo

M
?7. p`oa up (i`ttcr) emẼt rîo

E
O- LT
LTNK
NKKN
KNT
T
OJEB@R@JENI _CERCEOC (OÄS Ę@ỈS A@ệE)

P
>. Oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe ijẮ` >

S
Oảu tröo6
@g oinusc Kn`e oinusc

^
_`kpic Xrcscet _`kpic Guturc
_ + Wcrd
Wcrd/Wc
/Wcrd-
rd-s/cs
s/cs _ + w`ii/
w`ii/smnii
smnii + dnrc `eg`e`
`eg`e`t`vc
t`vc
Oîom bðel6

K
Oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe ijẮ` > bðel Ğỏ b`ểe tắ kỐt sỾ a`Ọe oÿ tmỏ xắy rn mjẼo oÿ tmỏ tmỾo m`Ọe ĞƸữo Ớ

Í
m`Ọe tẮ` mjẼo tƸƮel in`.
Wë bợ6 @g tmc rn`e sijps, @ w`ii lj gjr n wnia,
Omö û6
A
Rn oÿ tmỏ bðel tmé m`Ọe tẮ` ĞƮe (_`kpic Xrcscet) Ớ kỌem ĞỎ omëem Ğỏ b`ểe tắ kỐt Ğ`Ỏu iuòe iiuòe
Ğöel mjẼo kỐt sỾ tmẫt m`ỏe em`æe.
uòe

P
Wë bợ6 @g yju mcnt wntcr tj >88¸
>88¸O, `t dj`is.

Ẩ (EẺu dẮe Ğue eƸốo ĞẺe >88¸O tmé eÿ sò`.)

B
Rmny vé bðel tmé tƸƮel in` ĞƮe (_`kpic Guturc) Ớ kỌem ĞỎ omëem, tn oÿ tmỏ bðel one/kny
+ dnrc `eg`e`t`vc mjẼo oÿ tmỏ bðel kỌem iỌem oîom (`kpcrnt`vc gjrk).

I
Wë bợ6 @g yju try mnrb, yju one pnss tmc cxnk.
@g yju scc Xctcr, l`vc m`k tm`s djja.
ĘẤJ ELụ OÄS Ę@ỈS A@ệE IJẨ@ >

@
Ęắj elỪ trjel oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe6 am` ĞƸữo bðel kỐt oîom trnel trịel, oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe sẻ oÿ oảu tröo

O
Ğắj elỪ. Am` Ğÿ, tn dỊ `g vè Ğắj trữ ĞỐel tỡ trjel kỌem ĞỎ `g rn trƸốo omỬ elỪ, kỌem ĞỎ omëem

@
amòel tmny Ğồ`.
Wë bợ6 @g mc nppcnrs, picnsc tcii m`k tj wn`t gjr kc.
↔ _mjuib mc nppcnr, picnsc tcii m`k tj wn`t gjr kc.
- EẺu trjel oäu oÿ ’smju
’smjuib‛
ib‛ Ớ kỌem ĞỎ `g, tmé Ğắj ’smj
’smjuib‛
uib‛ iæe ĞẬu oäu

G G
C.l6 @g mc smjuib r`el , @ w`ii tcii m`k tmc ecws ;5 _mjuib mc r`el, @ w`ii tcii m`k tmc ecws.
-C.l6
EẺu@gtrjel
mc mnsoäu amòe
amòell oÿ ’smjuib‛, omö
omöel
el
;5tn_mjuib
pmắ` kƸữe ’smjuib‛
’smjgrcc
uib‛t`kc, mc‐ii piny tcee`s.

J
grcc t`kc, mc‐ii piny tcee`s mc mnvc

E
4. Oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe ijẮ` 4
Oảu tröo6
@g oinusc
ƨ
Kn`e oinusc

M
Xnst _udfueot`vc/ _`kpic Xnst Xrcscet Ojeb`t`jeni
_ + pnst ggjrk
jrk jg ttmc
mc vcr
vcrd
d _ + wjuib/
wjuib/ojuib
ojuib + dnrc ``eg`e`t
eg`e`t`vc
`vc

E
Rmé quî amỠ l`ắ Ğềem (Xnst sudfueot`vc)
sudfueot`vc) l`Ởel emƸ tmé quî amỠ ĞƮe, r`æel ĞỐel tỡ ’dc‛ ĞƸữo
om`n iè ’wcrc‛ omj tảt oắ oîo elò`.
Oîom bðel6
Oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe ijẮ` 4 bðel Ğồ b`ểe tắ kỐt sỾ a`Ọe amòel tmỏ xắy rn mjẼo amòel tmỏ tmỾo m`Ọe
ĞƸữo Ớ m`Ọe tẮ` mjẼo tƸƮel in`.

S P
Wë bợ6 @g Enk wcrc mcrc, mc wjuib
wjuib aejw tmc nesw
neswcr.
cr. (Dut mc `se‐t mcrc ejw.)

^
EẺu Enk oÿ kẼt Ớ Ğäy tmé oẫu ảy sẻ d`Ẻt oäu trắ iớ`. ((EmƸelEmƸel tmẫt rn oẫu ảy amòel
amò el oÿ kẼt Ớ
Ğäy.)
@g mc aecw‐ ky pmjec eukdcr, mc wjuib onii kc. (Dut mc bjcse‐t mnvc ky pmjec eukdcr.)

K
EẺu nem ảy oÿ sỞ Ğ`Ọe tmjẮ` oỬn tò` tmé ne nemm ảy Ğï lị` tò` rở`. (EmƸel tmẫt rn nem ảy amòel oÿ

Í
sỞ Ğ`Ọe tmjẮ` oỬn tò`.)
ĘẤJ ELụ OÄS Ę@ỈS A@ệE IJẨ@ 4

A
. Wố` Ğắj elỪ oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe ijẮ` 4, omöel tn omỀ sừ bợel ’wcrc‛ dảt aỏ elò` ĞẮ` tỡ iè lé
- EẺu trjel oäu oÿ ĞỐel tỡ ’wc
’wcrc‛,
rc‛, tmé Ğắj ’wcrc‛
’wcrc‛ iæe ĞẬu
C.l6 @g @ wcrc n d`rb, @ wjuib giy ;5 \crc @ n d`rb, @ wjuib giy.
- EẺu trjel oäu amòe
amòell oÿ ĞỐel tỡ ’wcrc‛ tmé kƸkƸữeữe ’wcrc‐ vè bðel ’tj W‛
C.l6 @g @ icnret
djja. Tuss`ne, @ wjuib rcnb n Tuss`ne djja ;5 \crc @ tj icnre Tuss`ne, @ wjuib rcnb n

Ẩ P
Tuss`ne

B
OÎO RỦ RMNP RMẵ OMJ @G

- ueicss ; `g...ejt (trỡ pm`, trỡ am`)

I
Wë bợ6 @g mc bjcse‐t ojkc, @@‐ii
‐ii dr`el ttm`s
m`s pn
pnoanlc
oanlc ttjj m`k.
↔ Seicss mc ojkcs, @‐ii dr`el tm`s pnoanlc tj m`k.
IƪS Û6 Seicss omỀ bðel omj oäu Ğ`Ỏu a`Ọe ijẮ` >, ijẮ` 4,? sẻ ĞƸữo tmny tmẺ dẾel @g…ejt
@
O
- `e onsc (pmôel am` Ğ`Ỏu lé oÿ tmẺ xắy rn)

@
Rrjel kỌem ĞỎ tmcj snu `e onsc, tn tmƸớel bðel tmé M`Ọe tẮ` ĞƮe mjẼo ^uî amỠ ĞƮe, amòel
bðel w`ii mjẼo wjuib.
Wë bợ6 @ niwnys tnac
tnac ne ukdrciin `t onsc `t rn`es.
(; @ niwnys inac ne ukdrcii
ukdrciinn dconusc `t kny rn`e.)
- w`tm, w`tmjut, vè dut gjr.
gjr.
rn`e.)

G G
w`tm/ w`tmjut (eẺu oÿ/eẺu amòel), dut gjr (eẺu amòel oÿ) ĞƸữo bðel emƸ kỐt bẮel röt lịe
oỬn kỌem ĞỎ `g (rcbuocb gjrk jg tmc `g oinusc).
w`tm/ w`tmjut/ dut gjr+ n ejue/n ejue pmrnsc
Wë bợ6 @g yju mcip kc, @ one g`e`sm tm`s nss`lekcet.
↔\`tm yjur mcip,mcip, @ one g`e`sm tm`s nss`lekcet. EJ
 @g yju mnbe t mcipcb kkc,c, @ ojuibe t mnvc g`e`
g`e`smcb
ƨ
smcb tm`
tm`ss nss`lekc
nss`lekcet.
et.

M
↔ \`tmjut yjur mcip, @ ojuibe‐t
ojuibe‐t g`e`sm tm`
tm`ss nss`lekce
nss`lekcet.t.
(EẺu amòel oÿ sỾ l`öp ĞỮ oỬn nem, nem, tò` amòel tmỏ mjèe tmèem oòel oòel v`Ọo eèy - emƸel tmỾo

E
tẺ nem Ğï l`öp tò`.)
EmƸ vẫy, trjel trƸớel mữp eèy, w`tmjut oŠel tƸƮel ĞƸƮel vố` oảu tröo ’@g `t wcrc

P
ejt gjr...‛ (ijẮ` 4)
Wë bợ6
bợ6 \`tmju
\`tmjutt yjur mcip
mcip,, @ ojuibe‐t g`e`sm tm`
tm`ss nss`lekce
nss`lekcet.t.
; @g `t wcrc ejt gjr yjur mcip , @ ojuibe‐t g`e`sm tm` tm`ss nss`lekcet
nss`lekcet..

Xrjv`b`el
kẮem sỾ(tmnt)/prjv`bcb (tmnt) (; k`ểe iè)6 ĞƸữo bðel Ğỏ tmny tmẺ omj `g am` elƸớ` eÿ` oÿ û

^S
emảe mẮe omẺ.
Wë bợ6 Pju one djrrjw ky d`ac prjv`bcb/ prjv`b`el (tmnt) yju dr`el `t dnoa tjkjrrjw kjre`el.
Ns ijel ns/ sj ijel ns (; k`ểe iè)6 oÿ oîom bðel tƸƮel tỾ emƸ prjv`b`el (tmnt)/ prjv`bcb (tmnt).

K
Wë bợ6 Pju one siny w`tm us ns/ sj ijel ns yju smnrc tmc cxpcescs.

Í
Jtmcrw`sc (; eẺu amòel tmé) ĞƸữo bðel Ğỏ tmny tmẺ omj //vè i`æe qune ĞẺekỐt û tƸỚel Ğï eÿ`
trjel oäu trƸốo.

XTNOR@
OR@OCOC A
Wë bợ6 Pju kust rcnb tmc `estruot`jes1 jtmcrw`sc, yju bje‐t aejw mjw tj usc tmck.
B ‟ XTN

Rrnesor`pt P
Nub`j i`stce`el6 Oi`kntc omnelc6 wmy bjcs >.3¸O knttcr: | IcnreCeli`sm
IcnreCeli`sm Rcces - Dr`t`sm Ojueo`i

Rmc pinect's tjbny

tckpcrnturc oi`kntc`s mns ojestnetiy
ndjut dcce omnel`el
>3¸O. _o`cet`sts jvcr tmjusnebs
nrc wjrr`cb jg ycnrs.
tmnt tmc pinect Rmc lijdni
`s wnrk`el gnstcrnvcrnlc
tmne

BẨ
cvcr dcgjrc. Rmc 48 wnrkcst ycnrs je rcojrb mnvc dcce `e tmc pnst 44 ycnrs, noojrb`el tj tmc

\jrib Kctcjrjijl`oni Jrlne`znt`je. @g tm`s trceb ojet`eucs, tckpcrnturcs kny r`sc dy ?‟3¸O dy
4>88.
_o`cet`sts sny wc smjuib try neb stjp tm`s trceb neb ejt niijw tmc nvcrnlc lijdni tckpcrnturc tj

@ I
r`sc kjrc tmne >.3¸. Dut cvce n 4¸O r`sc wjuib dc dnb gjr us nii. Ejw, mnig n bclrcc bjcse't
sjueb i`ac kuom ‟ dut `t ojuib knac n d`l b`ggcrceoc tj tmc pinect.

O
N 4¸O r`sc wjuib kcne tmnt nii tmc ojrni rccgs wjuib b`snppcnr, dut n >.3¸O r`sc kcnes tmnt tmcrc

@
wjuib st`ii dc sjkc. Nisj, >= pcrocet jg tmc `escots je Cnrtm w`ii b`snppcnr `g tmc tckpcrnturc
ljcs up dy 4¸O, ojkpnrcb tj 7 pcrocet b`snppcnr`el nt >.3¸O. Rm`rty-scvce pcrocet jg pcjpic

G
w`ii dc nggcotcb dy bnelcrjus mcntwnvcs nt 4¸O. Rmnt's tw`oc tmc eukdcr ojkpnrcb tj nt n >.3¸O
r`sc.

G
\mctmcr `t's ojrni rccgs, orjps, gijjbs jr tmc surv`vni jg spco`cs, so`cet`sts sny cvcryjec neb
cvcrytm`el `s gnr dcttcr jgg `e n wjrib tmnt i`k`ts tmc r`sc tj >.3¸O.

J
_j, wmnt one wc bj: _o`cet`sts sny tmnt onrdje w`ii mnvc tj dc suoacb jut jg tmc n`r dy knom`ecs
neb stjrcb uebcrlrjueb neb tmnt tmcsc bcv`ocs cx`st nircnby. Rmcy nisj sny tmnt d`ii`jes jg trccs
w`ii mnvc tj dc pinetcb. Xcjpic smjuib duy icss kcnt. Jg nii tmc gjjbs wc cnt, dccg mns tmc d`llcst
`kpnot je oi`kntc omnelc dconusc `t prjbuocs n m`lm nkjuet jg lrccemjusc lnscs. Nisj,
sjkcjec sullcstcb ejt duy`el ecw oijtmcs tjj jgtce, dconusc tmc gnsm`je `ebustry `s n knfjr

ƨE
sjuroc jg tmc lrccemjusc lnscs tmnt nrc jvcrmcnt`el tmc pinect. Neb, jg ojursc, us`el trnespjrt
tmnt bjcse't dure gjss`i gucis, i`ac cicotr`o onrs. @t's cvce dcttcr tj wnia jr r`bc n d`ac.

M
Xnrt >6 Ojkpictc tmc ejtcs dcijw. \r`tc JEC \JTB JT N ESKDCT gjr cnom neswcr
Rmc pinect's oi`kntc mns ojestnetiy dcce omnel`el jvcr tmjusnebs jg ycnrs. Rmc lijdni

E
nvcrnlc (>) tckpcrnturc tjbny `s ndjut >3¸O. _o`c _o`cet`st
et`stss nrc wjrr`cb tmnt tmc (4) pinect `s
wnrk`el gnstcr tmne cvcr dcgjrc.

P
Rmc 48 wnrkcst ycnrs je rcojrb mnvc dcce `e tmc pnst 44 ycnrs, noojrb`el tj tmc \jrib
Kctcjrjijl`oni Jrlne`znt`je. @g tm`s trceb ojet`eucs, tckpcrnturcs kny r`sc dy ?‟3¸O dy (?)
4>88.
bclrcc bjcse't
bjcse't sjueb i`ac ku
kuom
S
_o`cet`sts sny wc smjuib try neb stjp tm`s trceb neb ejt niijw tmc nvcrnlc (2) lijdni
tckpcrnturc tj r`sc kjrc tmne >.3¸. Dut cvce n 4¸O r`sc wjuib dc dnb gjr us nii. Ejw, mnig n
om ‟ dut `t ojuib kn
knac
ac n d`l (3) b`g
b`ggcrc
gcrceoc
eoc tj tmc pinect.
Xnrt 46 Omjjsc tmc ojrrcot icttcr, N, D, O jr B.

K^
^ucst`je >6 \mnt wjuib mnppce tj tmc ojrni rccg `g tmcrc wcrc n 4¸O r`sc:
N. Rmc ojrni rccgs wjuib dc ojkpictciy sngc.

Í
D. Nii tmc ojrni rccgs wjuib b`snppcnr.
O. 7 pcrocet jg tmc ojrni rccgs wjuib b`snppcnr.

A
B. _jkc jg tmc ojrni rccgs wjuib b`snppcnr.
(Cv`bceoc6 N 4¸O r`sc wjuib kcne tmnt nii tmc ojrni rccgs wjuib b`snppcnr.)
^ucst`je 46 @g tmc tckpcrnturc ljcs up dy 4¸O, mjw kney pcrocet jg tmc `escots je Cnrtm w`ii

P
b`snppcnr:
N. ? D. 3 O. 7 B. >=

Ẩ
(Cv`bceoc6 Nisj, >= pcrocet jg tmc `escots je Cnrtm w`ii b`snppcnr `g tmc tckpcrnturc ljcs up
dy 4¸O)
^ucst`je ?6?6 Mjw kney pcrocet jg pcjpic w`ii dc nggcotcb dy bnelcrjus mcntwnvcs nt >.3¸O r`sc:
N. 0.43 D. >=.3 O. ?< B. < 2

I
(Cv`bceoc6 Rm`rty-scvce pcrocet jg pcjpic w`ii dc nggcotcb dy bnelcrjus mcntwnvcs nt 4¸O.
Rmnt's tw`oc tmc eukdcr ojkpnrcb tj nt n >.3¸O r`sc.)
^ucst`je 26
26 \mnt a`eb jg gjjb mns tmc d`llcst `egiuceoc je oi`kntc omnelc:
N. dccg D. pjra O. om`oace B. inkd
(Cv`bceoc6 Jg nii tmc gjjbs wc cnt, dccg mns tmc d`llcst `kpnot je oi`kntc omnelc dconusc `t

O @
prjbuocs n m`lm nkjuet jg lrccemjusc
lrccemj usc lnscs.

@
^ucst`je 36
36 \mnt `ebustry `s n knfjr sjuroc jg lrccemjusc lnscs:
N. Dnea`el `ebustry D. Omck`oni `ebustry

G
O. Rrnvci `ebustry B. Gnsm`je `ebustry
(Nisj, sjkcjec sullcstcb ejt duy`el ecw oijtmcs tjj jgtce, dconusc tmc gnsm`je `ebustry `s n

G
knfjr sjuroc jg tmc lrccemjusc lnscs tmnt nrc jvcrmcnt`el tmc pinect.)

J
Xnrt ?6 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc
uebcri`ecb pnrt b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el
qucst`jes.

E
^ucst`je >6 N. prjbuocb
prjbuocb D. prjtcot
prjtcotcb
cb O. k`xcb
k`xcb B. pnoacb
^ucst`je 46 N. dnes
dnes D. outs
outs O. pnoa
pnoas B. pji
pjiiu
iutc
tcss
^ucst`je ?6 N. `kpnot D. p`oa lijdni``zc
O. lijdni B. inebg`ii
^ucst`je 26 N. oj
ojkpjst D. i`vcst
i`vcstjjoa O. prjbuot sjiut`je
B. sj

Mƨ
^ucst`je 36 N. `eorcns
cnsc D. rcicns
cnsc O. cnsy
cnsy B. drcn
cnaa

Xnrt 26 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs

N. bnknlc D. prjtcot E
grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes
^ucst`je >6 O. pjiiutc B. rcbuoc

P
^ucst`je 46 N. inebg`ii D. lijdni O. rcusc B. onttic
^ucst`je ?6 N. nwnrcecss D. kntcr`ni O. bcgjrcstnt`je B. prjbuot`vc

S
^ucst`je 26 N. rcicnsc D. `kpnot O. i`vcstjoa B. k`xturc
^ucst`je 36 N. bcnbiy D. jdv`jus O. sjiut`je B. bnknl`el

^
Xnrt 36 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj
cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`je >. @ wjuibe‐t lj tmcrc nt e`lmt `g @ ZZZZZZZZ yju.

K
N. nk D. wns O. wcrc B. mnb dcce
^ucst
^u cst`j
`je
e 4. @g @ ZZZZZZZZ lct n pjic, @‐ii lj g`sm`el.
N. one D. ojuib O. kny B. k`lmt
 Í
A
^ucst`je ?. @g tmcy mnb cejulm t`kc, tmcy ZZZZZZZZ mcnb sjutm.
N. w`ii D. one O. kust B. k`lmt

P
^ucst`je 2. @g yju mnb tmc omneoc, ZZZZZZZZyju lj g`sm`el:
N. b`b D. kny O. wjuib B. bj
^ucst`je 3. @g yju ZZZZZZZZ n omj`oc, wm`om ojuetry wjuib yju v`s`t:

Ẩ
N. mnvc D. mnb O. mnvc mnb
^ucst`je 7. Rrccs wje‐t lrjw ZZZZZZZZ tmcrc `s cejulm wntcr.
B. w`ii mnvc

B
N. `g D. wmce O. ueicss B. ns

I
^ucst`je <. _mjuib yju ZZZZZZZZ tj dc omjsce gjr tmc fjd, yju w`ii mnvc tj dc cxpcr`ceocb `e
tmc g`cib.
N. wnet D. wnetcb O. mnb wnetcb B. wnets

@
^ucst
^u cst`j
`je
e =. @g yju fust npprjnom tmc fjd w`tm tmc r`lmt ntt`tubc, tm`els ZZZZZZZZ wcii.
N. wjuib mnvc turecb jut D. w`ii ture jut O. wjuib ture jut B. tures jut
^ucst
^u cst`j
`je
e 0. @ wjuib lj sw`kk`el `g tmc wcntmcr ZZZZZZZ dcttcr.
N. ` s D. w`ii dc O. wjuib dc B. wcrc

@ O
^ucst`j
^uc st`je
e >8. \crc @ tj mnvc cejulm kjecy, @ ZZZZZZZZ ndrjnb tj `kprjvc ky Celi`sm.

G
N. w`ii lj D. wjuib lj O. one lj B. smjuib lj
^ucst`j
^uc st`je
e >>. Onkpn`lecrs mnvc oniicb gjr n ZZZZZZZ dne je inebk`ecs.

G
N. lijdniiy D. lijdni O. lijdc B. lijdni`zc
^ucst`je >4. Ryp`oniiy, uscb j`i `s bukpcb `etj ZZZZZZZ.

J
N. rcbuot`je D. pjiiut`je O. inebg`iis B. k`xturc
^ucst`je >?. Kney bjotjrs ejw sny tmnt djx`el smjuib dc ZZZZZ.
N. rcicnscb D. rcbuocb O. bnknlcb B. dneecb
^ucst`je >2. Outt`el ZZZZZZZ trccs neb oicnr`el pinets tj usc tmc ineb gjr sjkctm`el cisc `s
oniicb bcgjrcstnt`je
N. bjwe D. jgg O. up
E B. `e

ƨ
^ucst`je >3. Rmc `sineb mns tj `kpjrt j`i neb jtmcr rnw ZZZZZZZZZ.
N. onttic D. gjrcst O. kntcr`nis B. i`vcstjoa
^ucst`je >7. Mcnitm jgg`o`nis mnvc tr`cb tj ZZZZ nwnrcecss ndjut OJW@B->0
N. prjtcot D. r`sc O. rn`sc B. bnknlc

EM
^ucst`je ><. Rmc ZZZZZZZZ mns dcce cejrkjus je pcjpic‐s bn`iy i`vcs
N. `kpnot D. bcgjrcstnt`je O. pjiiut`je B. prjtcot`je
^ucst`je >=. Fjme6 ’One ’One yju tnac jut tmc lnrdnlc wmce yju lj:‛ ‟ Fnoa6 ’ZZZZZZ‛

P
N. Pcs, surc. D. Ej, tmneas O. @‐k linb yju i`ac `t B. Ecvcr k`eb
^ucst`je >0. Rmc ljvcrekcet mns gn`icb tj ojkc up w`tm ne cggcot`vc ZZZZZZZ.

S
N. `esjivndiy D. sjivndic O. sjivc B. sjiut`je
^ucst`je 48. Bje‐t gjrlct tj ture tmc i`lmts ZZZZZZwmce yju icnvc.
N. up D. jut O. jgg B. je

^
Xnrt 76 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R
`e kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`je >. Linss prjbuots nrc ojkpictciy rcoyoindic.
N. pjiiutcb D. bnknl`el O. rcusndic B. prjbuot`vc

^ucst`je
N. bcntm 4. Rmc rcpjrt nsscsscs
D. tmc
prjt`kpnot
cot`je jg tmc b`scnsc
O.je
sjipjpuint`je
ut`je lrjwtm. B. cggcot

AÍK
Xnrt <6 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb JXXJ_@RC
`e kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

P
^ucst`je >. _jkc jg tmcsc ojkpne`cs nrc pjiiut`el neb bcstrjy`el tmc cev`rjekcet.
N. prjtcot`el D. bnknl`el O. bukp`el B. rn`s`el

Ẩ
^ucst`je 4. Rmc ljvcrekcet dneecb o`lnrcttc ojkkcro`nis.
N. rcuscb D. niijwcb O. prjbuocb B. lijdni`zcb
 B

I
Xnrt =6 Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt
tmnt eccbs ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
^ucst`je >. @g `t rn`ecb tjkjrrjw, wc wje‐t lj tj tmc zjj.
N. @g
^ucst`je 4. \crc @ yju, @ w`i
D. rn`ecb
w`iii nooc
noocpt
pt m`s prj
prjpjsn
pjsni.
i.
O. wje‐t B. tmc
@
N. m`s
^ucst`je ?. Rm
N. tj
Rmcy
cy ec
eccb
cb tj r`sc
D. \crc @ O. w`ii noocpt
r`sc nwnrcecss jg tmc prjbuot `e knracts
D. r`sc O. jg B. ` e
O
B. prjpjsni

GG@
Xnrt 06 Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct
tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas.
Rm`ea Lijdniiy, Not Ijoniiy
\nelnr` Knntmn` wns tmc g`rst Ngr`one wjkne tj rcoc`vc tmc Ejdci Xcnoc Xr`zc `e 4882. _mc
J
wns nisj tmc g`rst gcknic somjinr grjk Cnst neb Ocetrni Ngr`on tj tnac n bjotjrntc (`e d`jijly), neb

E
tm
tmcc gg`r
`rst
st gckni
gcknicc pprj rjgcs
gcssj
sjrr ccvc
vcrr ``ee mmcr
cr mj
mjkc
kc oj
ojue
uetry
try jg AcAceyn
eyn.. Knnt
Knntmn mn`` pin
pinyc
ycbb nnee (>)
(>) pnrt
pn rt `e
tmc (4) gjr bckjorn
bckjornoy oy `e
`e AcAceyn
eyn..

ƨ
Ns n yjuel l`ri `e Aceyn, smc wns surrjuebcb dy n r`om, dcnut`gui gjrcst. gjrc st. Ns smc snw tmc gjrcst
dc`el out bjwe, smc uebcrstjjb mjw tmc inoa jg gjrcsts (?) gnrk`el neb i`gc kjrc

M
b`gg`ou
g`ouiit ggjjr mmccr (2
(2) . Xc
Xcjpic gjgjulmt jv
jvccr wnt
wntcr cr neb jvcr gj gjjjb. _m
_mc bbco
co``bcb tj
tj ppiinet ee``ec
sccbi`els neb ns ttmmc trccs lrcw, smc mnb mcr ppiines tj tj ppiinet trccs ggjjr ((33) .

>. N. not D. not`el O. not`vc B. not`je

4.
?.
2.
N. g`lmt`el
N. knbc
N. mukne`ty
D. strullic
D. ict
D. nd`i`ty
P E O. ojetr`dut`je
O. onuscb
O. rcspjes`d`i`ty
B. du`ib`el
B. drjulmt
B. ojkkue`ty
3. N. pcnoc D. rcst
S O. i`gc B. gnkc

^
Xnrt >86 Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct
tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes
Dy tmc ycnr 4843, tmc Cnrtm ojuib ijsc ns kney ns jec g`gtm jg nii spco`cs aejwe tj cx`st tjbny.

K
@e rcocet ocetur`cs, muebrcbs jg spco`cs mnvc b`snppcnrcb, nikjst niwnys ns n rcsuit jg mukne
not`v`t`cs. Rmc pnsscelcr p`lcje, jec gnk`i`nr cxnkpic, wns n sjuroc jg gjjb uet`i cxocss`vc
muet`el neb mnd`tnt ijss onuscb `ts cxt`eot`je `e >0>2. Rmc Ejrtm Nkcr`one d`sje, wmjsc
pjpuint`jes wcrc bco`kntcb dy sctticrs neb knract muetcrs `e tmc >=88s, onkc oijsc tj smnr`el tmc
snkc gntc. D`sje surv`vc tjbny jeiy dconusc jg tmc cggjrts jg cnriy ojescrvnt`je`sts.
Rjbny, spco`cs rcqu`rc suom cggjrts kjrc urlcetiy tmne cvcr. Ne csscet`ni tnsa tmnt gniis tj

A Í
prcscet-bny ojescrvnt`je`sts `s tj bctcrk`ec wm`om spco`cs nrc kjst, cebnelcrcb, sj tmnt

P
ojescrvnt`je rcsjurocs' one dc nppi`cb wmcrc not`je `s eccbcb kjst. _pco`cs nrc ontcljr`zcb dy
tmc bclrcc tj wm`om tmc`r surv`vni `e tmc w`ib `s tmrcntcecb. \jrib \`ibi`gc Gueb jggcrs n snkpi`el

Ẩ
jg ne`knis neb pinets tmnt gnii kn`eiy
kn`eiy w`tm`e tmc twj kjst scr`jus ontcljr`cs jg- tmrcnt6 or`t`oniiy
cebnelcrcb neb cebnelcrcb. \mnt tmrcntces tmcsc spco`cs' cx`stceoc: _jkc jg tmc tjp tmrcnts nrc

B
mnd`tnt bcstruot`je dy uesustn`endic ijll`el neb cvcr-ceorjnom`el mukne scttickcet1 pjiiut`je jg
wntcr, sj`i, neb n`r dy tjx`o omck`onis1 ueenturni oi`kntc omnelcs buc tj gjss`i guci usc1 ueknenlcb
 I
g`sm`el tmnt cxmnusts g`sm stjoas1 neb `iiclni muet`el tj suppiy tmc bckneb gjr sa`es, m`bcs,
trnb`t`jeni kcb`o`ecs, gjjb, neb tjur`st sjuvce`rs. Rmc i`st wm`om ojescrvnt`je`sts prcscets jeiy n
grnot`je jg tmc spco`cs nt r`sa jg cxt`eot`je tjbny neb bjcs ejt `eoiubc tmjusnebs jg spco`cs wmjsc

@
stntus wc bj ejt yct aejw. Muebrcbs jg spco`cs w`tmjut ojkkje enkcs mnvc dcce icgt jut, wm`om
kcnes tmnt wm`ic kney knkknis nrc je tm`s i`st, jeiy n gcw `escots neb kjiiusas nrc `eoiubcb.

O
_pco`cs i`stcb mcrc rnelc grjk tmc inrlcst ne`kni je Cnrtm, tmc diuc wmnic, tj tmc knfcst`o
t`lcr, tj tmc mukdic tm`oa-smcii pjeb sen`i. Inrlc jr sknii, dcnut`gui jr uliy, nii spco`cs piny n rjic

@
`e tmc ojkpicx o`roic jg i`gc. Nii jg us bcpceb je tmc enturni rcsjurocs jg jur pinect. Cnom t`kc n
spco`cs `s ijst, tmc ojkpicx`ty, enturni dnineoc, neb dcnuty jg jur wjrib `s b`k`e`smcb. Neb wmnt
tmrcntces pinets neb ne`knis uit`kntciy tmrcntces pcjpic ns wcii.

G G
^ucst`je >6 Noojrb`el tj tmc g`rst pnrnlrnpm ZZZZZZZ.

J
N. spco`cs cxt`eot`je `s jeiy onuscb dy muet`el
D. mukne dc`els prjtcot w`gc i`gc kuom kjrc tmne tmcy bj mnrk tj tmck
O. tmc kn`e onusc jg spco`cs cxt`eot`je `s mukne not`v`t`cs
B. wc one stjp rnb`oniiy spco`cs cxt`eot`je dy 4843
^ucst`je 46 Rmc Ejrtm Nkcr`one d`sje ZZZZZZZ.
N. wns ojkpictciy cxt`eot `e tmc >=88s
E
ƨ
D. wns ejt tmc n`k jg mukne muet`el
O. wns rn`scb dy sctticrs `e tmc >=88s

M
B. mns csonpcb grjk cxt`eot`je tmneas tj ojescrvnt`je`sts
^ucst`je ?6 _pco`cs nrc ontcljr`zcb ZZZZZZZ.
N. tj prcvcet muet`el D. tj prjv`bc gjjb
O. tj bcstrjy tmc`r mnd`tnts B. tj l`vc prcgcrcet`ni r`lmt tj ojescrvc
^ucst`je 26 \m`om scetceoc `s truc:
N. Kcb`o`ec `s ejt n gnotjr tj onusc spco`cs cxt`eot`je.

P E
D. Rmc i`st tmnt ojescrvnt`je`sts prcscet bjcs ejt `eoiubc nii a`ebs jg spco`cs.

S
O. Xjiiut`je bjcs ejtm`el tj spco`cs cxt`eot`je.
B. Ojescrvnt`je`sts mnvc ljjb aejwicblc jg nii a`ebs jg kjiiusas.
^ucst`je 36 Noojrb`el tj tmc inst pnrnlrnpm, ZZZZZZZ.

^
N. spco`cs cxt`eot`je mns ej rcint`jesm`p tj mukne dc`els
D. wmnt tmrcntces pinets neb ne`knis one bj ejtm`el tj mukne dc`els
O. mukne dc`els bcpceb je enturni rcsjurocs tj surv`vc

K
B. ejt cvcry, spco`cs mns n rjic `e tmc o`roic jg i`gc.

Í
WJONDSINTP
WJONDSINTP GJT TCNB
TCNB@EL
@EL I@_R

cxocss`vc (n) quî kỠo, bƸ tmỡn `iiclni (n) 59 iclni (n) dảt mữp pmîp 59 mữp pmîp
/ɦaˍscsɦv/ /ɦˍi`˘ɮi/ 59 /ˍi`˘ɮi/
cxt`eot`je (e) sỾ tuyỌt omỬel m`bc (e) /mnɦb/ bn ĞỐel vẫt
/ɦaˍstɦŁaʏe/

P A
gntc (e) /gcɦt/ sỞ pmẫe dc nt r`sa lẼp eluy m`ỏk

Ẩ
bco`kntc (v) l`Ẻt kỐt iƸữel iốe icnvc jut amòel dnj lởk
/ˍbcsɦkcɦt/ (elƸớ`/ ĞỐel vẫt)

B
elm`æk trịel
tmrcntce (v) Ğc bịn rnelc grjk N tj D Ğn bẮel tỡ N ĞẺe D

I
/ˍνrcte/
ijll`el (e) v`Ọo omẼt pmî rỡel piny n rjic Ğÿel vn` trô
/ˍiɔɮ.ɦŁ/

@
b`k`e`sm (v) oẪt l`ắk
/bɦˍkɦe.ɦʏ/

Xnrt >>6 Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`el jg tmc l`vce jecs.
 @ O
G
^ucst`je >6 @g @ b`b ejt i`ac s`el`el, @ wjuib ejt fj`e tm`s oiud.
↔ Seicss @ i`acb s`el`el, @ wjuib ejt fj`e tm`s oiud.
^ucst`je 46 Mc s`ts nrjueb tjj kuom. Mc `se‐t g`t.

JG
↔ @g mc b`be‐t s`t nrjueb tjj kuom, mc wjuib dc g`t.
^ucst`je ?6 @ bje‐t mnvc n spnrc t`oact. @ one‐t tnac yju tj tmc ojeocrt

E
↔ @g @ mnb n spnrc t`oact, @ ojuib tnac yju tj tmc ojeocrt.
^ucst`je 26 Lj r`lmt ejw jr yju‐ii dc intc gjr tmc trn`e.
↔ @g yju lj r`lmt ejw, yju wje‐t dc intc gjr tmc trn`e
ƨ
M
^ucst`je 36 Murry up, jr wc w`ii dc intc gjr tmc cxnk.
↔ @g wc bje‐t murry up, @ w`ii dc intc gjr tmc cxnk

E
^ucst`je 76 @g @ b`b ejt i`ac s`el`el, @ wjuib ejt fj`e tm`s oiud.
↔ Seicss @ i`acb s`el`el, @ wjuib ejt fj`e tm`s oiud.
^ucst`je <6 Rmc onr drcnas bjwe sj jgtce dconusc yju bje‐t tnac ljjb onrc jg `t.

S P
↔ \crc yju tj tnac onrc jg tmc onr, `t wjuibe‐t drcna bjwe sj jgtce.

^
^ucst`je =6 @g @ scc wmcrc yjur wntom `s, @ w`ii ejt`gy yju `kkcb`ntciy.
↔ _mjuib @ scc wmcrc yjur wntom `s, @ w`ii ejt`gy yju `kkcb`ntciy.
^ucst`je 06 @g @ wcrc yju, @ wjuib ejt noocpt dcojk`el m`s sudjrb`entc.

K
↔ \crc @ yju, @ wjuib ejt noocpt dcojk`el m`s sudjrb`entc.

Í
^ucst`je >86 @g yju mnvc n dntm, tmcrc w`ii dc ej mjt wntcr icgt.

A
↔ _mjuib yju mnvc n dntm, tmcrc w`ii dc ej mjt wntcr icgt.
Xnrt >46 \JTB GJTK
^ucst`je >6 Bcgjrcstnt`je `s bcstrjy`el inrlc nrcns jg trjp`oni rn`e gjrcst. (gjrcst)
^ucst`je 46 Rrngg`o ojelcst`je `e inrlc o`t`cs sccks tj dc ne `esjiudic prjdick. (sjivc)
^ucst`je ?6 Rmc k`xturc jg gijur, wntcr, neb ycnst `s tmce icgt `e n wnrk pinoc gjr gjur mjurs.

Ẩ P
(k`x)

B
^ucst`je 26 _uipmur b`jx`bc `s jec jg scvcrni pjiiutnets tmnt nrc rcicnscb `etj tmc ntkjspmcrc
dy ojni-g`rcb pjwcr stnt`jes. (Xjiiutc)
^ucst`je 36 @ accp ky ojkputcr pr`etcr uebcr n prjtcot`vc pinst`o ojvcr. (Xrjtcot)

Xnrt >46 \r`tc ne cssny jg >=8 wjrbs ndjut ’MJ\ RJ TCBSOC XJIISR@JE @E PJST
MJKCRJ\E‛
I
@
Pju kust `eoiubc6
- \mnt typc jg pjiiut`je `e yjur mjkctjwe (n`r pjiiut`je, wntcr pjiiut`je, sj`i

O
pjiiut`je, …)
…)
- \nys tj rcbuoc pjiiut`je

@bcns gjr tmc tjp`o6

- usc pudi`o trnespjrtnt`je
G @
G
- wnia neb oyoic kjrc
- usc ne cicotr`o vcm`oic
- sw`tom tj n rcecwndic cecrly
- nvj`b dure`el icnvcs, trnsm, neb jtmcr kntcr`nis.

Xnrt >?6 Neswcr tmc qucst`jes

^ucst`je >. \mnt onuscs cev`rjekcetni prjdicks:
 EJ
@ suppjsc cev`rjekcetni `ssucs rcsuit grjk kney tm`els dut kn`eiy grjk mukne not`v`t`cs. Rmcy

ƨ
oicnr gjrcsts gjr gnrk`el neb mjus`el, neb tm`s icnvcs eclnt`vc cggcots je tmc cev`rjekcet ns
wcii ns mnd`tnts jg w`ibi`gc. Dcs`bcs, tmc r`s`el icvcis jg OJ4 buc tj `ebustr`ni not`v`t`cs nisj icnb
tj lijdni wnrk`el
◊ Wjonduinry
M
-
-
cev`rjekcetni `ssuc (e) /ɦeˉvnɦ
oicnr gjrcsts6 pmî rỡel
/ɦeˉvnɦɐrɐeˍkɑ
E
eti ˍɦʏu˘/6 vảe ĞỎ kò` trƸớel
ɐrɐeˍkɑeti

P
- cggcot (je stm) (e)
(e) /ɦˍgcat/6
/ɦˍgcat/6 tîo ĞỐel iæ
iæee oî` lé ; `kpnot/ `egiuceoc je s.t
- mnd`tnt (e) /ˍmçdɦtçt/6 kò` trƸớel sỞel oỬn ĞỐel/tmỾo vẫt mjnel bï
- lijdni wnrk`el (e) /ˉɮiɐʆdi ˍwɒ˘kɦŁ/ 6 eÿel iæe tjèe oẬu

^S
^ucst`je 4. Bj yju jr yjur gnk`iy tnac stcps tj mcip tmc cev`rjekcet:
\cii…ocrtn`eiy. \c bj rcniiy onrc gjr jur cev`rjekcet. Rmnt‐s tmc rcnsje wmce wc bj tmc
smjpp`el, wc usuniiy usc rcusndic dnls `estcnb jg pinst`o jecs. \mnt‐s kjrc: \c nisj ture

K
jvcruscb djttics gjr jtmcr purpjscs. \c jgtce usc tmck tj pinet trccs jr gijwcrs.

Í
◊ Wjonduinry
- onrc gjr s.t6 qune täk ĞẺe Ğ`Ỏu lé

A
- rcusndic (n) /ˉr`˘ˍfu˘zɐdi/6 oÿ tmỏ tî` sừ bợel
- pinet trccs6 trởel oäy

P
^ucst`je ?. Mnvc yju cvcr pnrt`o`pntcb `e ney cev`rjekcetni cvcets:
Pcs, jg ojursc! Inst ycnr @ pnrt`o`pntcb `e ne cvcet `e ky mjkctjwe, wm`om wns nii ndjut

prcscrv`el
cebnelcrcbenturc...
enturc ... `e
\ctmcwcrc tnulmt ndjut tmc lrccemjusc cggcot neb @ icnrecb ndjut kney

BẨ
spco`cs wjrib.
◊ Wjonduinry

- pnrt`o`pntc `e ; tnac pnrt `e6 tmnk l`n

-- prcscrvc enturc6
cggcot/prɦˍzə˘v ˍecɦtʏɐ(r)/
ɦˍgcat /6dắj
m`ỌutởeỠel
tỾ emè
em`æe

I
lrccemjusc /ˍɮr`˘emnʆs aëem

@
- cebnelcrcb spco`cs6 oîo ijè` dề Ğc bịn

O
^ucst`je 2. Bj yju tm`ea pjiiut`je `s n d`l prjdick ejwnbnys:

prjdick `s cspco`niiy lrnvc buc tj tmc `eorcns`el nkjuet jg cxmnust gukcs,

G @
Pcs, bcg`e`tciy. N`r neb wntcr pjiiut`je nrc mulc `ssucs `e tmc kjbcre wjrib. Rmc n`r pjiiut`je
gukcs, wm`om nrc prjbuocb

G
dy onrs, neb rcsuit `e n pjjr n`r quni`ty.
◊ Wjonduinry

J
- `ssuc (e) /ˍɦʏu˘/ ; prjdick (e) /ˍpr
/ˍprɔdi
ɔdiɐk/
ɐk/66 vảe ĞỎ
- lrnvc (n) /ɮrcɦv/ ; scr`jus (n) /ˍsɦɐr`ɐs/6 elm`æk trịel
- cxmnust gukcs (e) /ɦɮˍzɒ˘st /gfu˘kz/ amë tmắ` ĞỐo mẮ`

-- rcsuit `e ; icnb tj6 bạe tố`omảt iƸữel amòel amë

ƨE
n`r quni`ty /ˍcɐ awɔiɐt`/6

M
^ucst`je 3. Nrc rcs`bcets `e yjur tjwe ljjb nt rcoyoi`el:
_nbiy, `e ky jp`e`je, ejt ecnriy ljjb cejulm. @ aejw `e kney Curjpcne ojuetr`cs, tmc knetrn

E
jg rcus`el neb rcoyoi`el pinst`os neb onrbdjnrb mns dcojkc nutjknt`o dut mcrc tmcrc `s st`ii n
ouiturc jg tmrjw`el cvcrytm`el nwny neb kjst bjkcst`o, ns wcii ns `ebustr`ni wnstc, `s
`eo`ecrntcb. Jdv`jusiy, tm`s pji`oy fust ojetr`dutcs tj wjrsce`el n`r pjiiut`je neb tj pinst`o
dc`el tmrjwe `etj tmc scn
 P
S
◊ Wjonduinry
- knetrn (e) /ˍkçetrɐ/6 tmẬe omö
- `eo`ecrntc (v) ; dure (v) /ɦeˍsɦeɐrcɦt/ ĞỞt omîy

-- ojetr`dutc
`etj6tj6 Ğÿel
vèjlÿp

^
tmrjw eàk Ğäu Ğÿ

K
Xnrt >26 Knac n prcscetnt`je ndjut tmc tjp`o6

Í
Bcsor`dc ne cev`rjekcetni prjdick tmnt mns joourrcb
joourr cb `e yjur ojuetry

A
Pju smjuib sny6

Rmc onusc jg tmc prjdick

P
◊
◊ \mnt cggcot `t mns mnb je yjur ojuetry
Rmc stcps, `g ney, tmnt mnvc dcce tnace tj sjivc tm`s

Ẩ
◊
◊ Cxpin`e wmy yju tm`ea tm`s prjdick `s sj `kpjrtnet tj sjivc.

_ullcstcb neswcr6

I
@g tmcrc `s ne cev`rjekcetni prjdick tmnt @ wjuib i`ac tj tnia ndjut, `t w`ii dc tmc cxocss
cxocss`vc
`vc
pjiiut`je jg wntcrwnys, r`vcrs neb
ne b onenis. @t `s onuscb dy
d y tmc `rrcspjes`dic b`spjsni jg wnstcs dy
tmc gnotjr`cs, `ebustr`cs neb tmc pcjpic wmj i`vc ecnr tmc djb`cs jg wntcr.
Rmc d`jijl`oniiy
ojes`bcrcb pjiiut`je jg bcnb,
tmc r`vcrs
wm`omwns tmc cggcot
kcnes ej g`smjgicgt
prjijelcb
tj ontomndusc nebgjjb
neb icss eclicot.
tj cnt.Rmc r`vcrs
Djnts nrc
ojuib

O @
ejt trnvci dconusc jg tmc bces`ty jg tmc bcdr`s jg gijnt`el pinst`o wnstcs1 tmc r`vcrs ck`t n gjui
stceom neb tmc wntcrs nrc tjx`o wm`om mjuscs n eukdcr jg dnotcr`n tmnt ojuib onusc b`ggcrcet

@
b`scnscs.

G
@e tmc 08‐s, tmc ljvcrekcet stnrtcb tj orcntc n rcmnd`i`tnt`je prjlrnk gjr tmc r`vcrs neb
wntcrwnys, uegjrtuentciy, tmcy gn`icb tj b`spinoc tmc kn`e pjiiutcrs-tmc `iiclni sctticrs ecnr tmc

G
r`vcr, s`kpiy dconusc tmcy mnvc tmc`r ’mukne r`lmts‛.
Rmc prjdick `s `kpjrtnet tj sjivc s`kpiy dconusc
dconu sc wntcr `s i`gc. @t `s tmc o`rouintjry systck jg

J
tmc wjrib, wntcr cendicb i`gc gjrks tj surv`vc neb wc eccb jtmcr i`gc gjrks `e jrbcr tj surv`vc.

`rrcspjes`dic (n) vò trîom em`Ọk ck`t (v) /`ˍkɦt/ tỊn rn (em`Ọt/ îem
/ˉɦrɦˍspɔesɐdi/ sîel/ amë)
b`spjsni (e)
/bɦˍspɐʆzi/
ndusc (e) /ɐˍdfu˘s/
sỾ ijẮ` dỊ (omảt tmắ`)

sỾ iẮk bợel rcmnd`i`tnt`je

E
stceom (e) /stcetʏ/

/ˉr`˘ɐˉdɦiɦˍtcɦʏe/ (e)
kð` amÿ omều

sỾ pmợo mở`
bces`ty (e) /ˍbcesɐt`/ kẫt ĞỐ

M ƨ
o`rouintjry systck
/ˉsə˘afɐˍicɦtɐr` ˍsɦstɐk/
mỌ tuẬe mjèe

E
bcdr`s (e) kắem vỮ oôe sÿt iẮ`
/ˍbcdr`˘/ snu am` tmỠ lé dề pmî
mỬy

P
S
^
 Í K
A
P
Ẩ
B

I
KJTC C]CTO@_C_
Xnrt @. XMJECR@O_
Cxcro`sc >. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs
b`ggcr s grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc
`e pjs`t`je jg tmc pr`knry strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. N. b`spjsni D. ne`kni O. cecrly B. pjvcrty
4. N. nwnrcecss D. sjiut`je O. `kpjrtneoc B. mnpp`ecss

@ O @
?. N. jr`l`e D. bcpcebceoc O. mnrkjey B. gnotjry
2. N. rcpinockcet D. pjiiutnet O. rcs`bcet B. bcpict`je
3. N. `estrukcet
7. N. vcm`oic
D. cel`eccr
D. kus`oni
<. N. ojesukpt`je D. omck`oni
O. ecwsicttcr
O. nrt`oic
O. ec`lmdjrmjjb
B. gnk`iy

G
B. rcbuot`je
B. pcst`o`bc
G
J
=. N. so`cet`st D. ojescquceoc O. bctcrlcet B. `egiuceoc
0. N. crjs`je D. ntkjspmcrc O. rcsjurocs B. ojegus`je
>8. N. vjiuetccr D. omnr`ty O. vclctndic B. `efury

E
Xnrt @@. WJONDSINTP
Cxcro`sc 4. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot
ojrrco t neswcr tj cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el
qucst`jes.
>>. @g yju nsa kc, ZZZZ wnstc `s n kuom d`llcr prjdick tmne jrb`enry mjuscmjib wnstc.
N. `ebustr`ni D. dus`ecss O. wjra`el B. kneugnotur`el
>4. Bj yju aejw wmnt OGO ZZZZ:
N. scts `e D. bjcs up

D. br`zzic
E M ƨ
O. stnebs gjr
>?. Rmcrc‐s dcce n ZZZZ `e Lcrkney neb n v`iinlc wns ojkpictciy bcstrjycb.
N. gijjb O. smjwcr
B. lcts bjwe

B. skjl

P
>2. B`ejsnurs mnvc dcce ZZZZ gjr k`ii`jes jg ycnrs.
N. cebnelcrcb D. cxt`eot O. tmrcntcecb B. b`snppcnrcb

S
>3. Ns tjwe lrjw, tmcy tceb tj bcstrjy tmc surrjueb`el ZZZZ nrcns.
N. urdne D. ojkkcro`ni O. ineb B. rurni

^
>7. Bur`el tmc inst muebrcb ycnrs wc mnvc bjec lrcnt ZZZZ tj tmc cev`rjekcet.
N. `efury D. pjiiut`je O. bnknlc B. murt
><. Rmcrc nrc ijts jg tm`els wc one nii bj tj ZZZZ tmc cev`rjekcet.
N. cemneoc D. prjtcot O. knac B. du`ib
>=. Cev`rjekcetni`sts nrc gur`jus w`tm tmc Nkcr`one Ljvcrekcet gjr bciny`el kcnsurcs wm`om
w`ii rcbuoc
N. cxlrccemjusc
mnust gukclnss ZZZZ.

Í K
D. skjacs O. wnstcs B. ck`ss`jes

A
>0. Rmc ljvcrekcet `s `etrjbuo`el str`ot ecw ruics je tmc bukp`el jg ZZZZ dy `ebustry.
N. pc
pcsst`o`
o`bc
bcss D. cxm
cxmnust
ust gukcs. O. tjx`o wnststcc B. ck`ss`
s`jjes
48. Gnrkcrs ojetr`dutc tj cev`rjekcetni bnknlc dy sprny`el ZZZZ w`tm ZZZZ, wm`om stny `e tmc

P
sj`i gjr ycnrs.
N. nlr`ouiturc ‟ pcst`o`bcs D. nlr`ouiturc - gcrt`i`zcrs

Ẩ
O. orjps ‟ gc
gcrt`i`zcrs B. orjps - ppccst`o`bcs
4>. Rmc lrnbuni r`sc `e tmc Cnrtm's tckpcrnturc `s aejwe ns ZZZZ.
N. lr
lrccemjusc cggcot D. lijdni wnrk`el
 B
N. lr
lrccemjusc cggcot D. lijdni wnrk`el
O. jzjec inycr B. no`b rn`e

I
44. Rmc ZZZZ tmnt nrc prjbuocb dy gnotjr`cs neb onrs nrc niijw`el kjrc ZZZZ grjk tmc sue tj
rcnom onrtm.
N. lnscs ‟ rnb`nt`je D. lnscs - i`lmt O. lns ‟ i`
i `lmt B. lns -

@
rnb`nt`je
4?. Ns tmc Cnrtm lcts mjttcr, tmc Nrot`o neb Netnrot`o ZZZZ w`ii sijwiy kcit neb tmc icvci jg tmc
jocnes w`ii r`sc.
N. sejwdniis D. nvnineomcs O. `oc onps B. `ocdcrls
42. Rmcrc w`ii dc ZZZZ, tjj. _jkc nrcns w`ii dcojkc wcttcr wm`ic jtmcrs w`ii dcojkc kuom

G @ O
br`cr.

G
N. wcntmcr omnelcs D. wcntmcr gjrconsts
O. oi`knt`o omnelcs B. oi`kntc omnelcs
43. Rmjusnebs jg norcs jg gjrcst nrc dc`el out bjwe cvcry ycnr neb tmc ZZZZ jg kney ne`knis nrc
dc`el bcstrjycb.
N. enturni rcsjurocs
O. wnys jg i`gc
J
D. enturni mnd`tnts
B. i`v`el surrjueb`els

N. mc
mcnnv`iy pjiiut
utcb
cb - pjiiut
utccb oijub D. mc
E
47. Kney jg tmc wjrib's inrlcst o`t`cs nrc ZZZZ neb sjkc nrc pcrknecetiy ojvcrcb dy n ZZZZ.
mcnnvy pjiiut`je - pjiiut utccb oijub

ƨ
O. mcnv
mcnvyy ppji
jiiu
iut`
t`je
je - oiju
oijubb jjgg ppji
jiiu
iut`
t`je
je B. mcnv
mcnv`i
`iyy ppji
jiiu
iutc
tcbb - oiju
oijubb jjgg ppji
jiiu
iut`
t`je
je
4<. Knac surc yjur onr rues je ueicnbcb pctrji neb yjur mjkc uscs sjurocs jg ZZZZ cecrly.
N. rcoyoi`el D. rcuscb O. rcecwndic B. rcoyoindic
4=. _o`cet`sts mnvc gjueb mjics `e tmc ZZZZ, pnrt`ouinriy jvcr Netnrot`on.
N. `oc onps D. pjinr `oc O. jzjec inycr B. lrccemjusc

EM
40. Lrccepcnoc `s ne `etcrent`jeni lrjup tmnt prjtcsts nln`est neytm`el wm`om `s n ZZZZ tj tmc

P
cev`rjekcet.
N. tmrcnt D. tmrcntce O. tmrcntce`el B. tmrcntcecr

S
?8. @g ljvcrekcet bje't ZZZZ lijdni wnrk`el, kjrc enturni b`snstcrs w`ii joour.
N. nom`cvc D. prjkjtc O. b`sojurnlc B. prcvcet
?>. Rmcrc's mns dcce n stcnby r`sc `e tmc nvcrnlc tckpcrnturc nrjueb tmc pinect jvcr tmc inst

^
muebrcb ycnrs jr sj, neb tmc knfjr`ty jg so`cet`sts put `t ZZZZ tj mukne not`v`ty.
N. bjwe D. dnoa O. up B. norjss
?4. Mjwcvcr, sjkc so`cet`sts nrluc tmnt tmc m`stjr`oni cv`bceoc smjws tmnt jvcr t`kc tmc Cnrtm

K
mcnts ZZZZ neb ojjis ZZZZ enturniiy.
N. up - nwny
nwny D. nwny - bjw bjwee O. up-b
up-bjwe
jwe B. bjw
bjwee - up
??. @t `s prcb`otcb tmnt jvcr tmc ecxt gcw bconbcs kney spco`cs w`ii b`c ZZZZ ns jeoc gcrt`ic nrcns
ture tj bcscrt.

AÍ
N. jgg D. jut Ю. up B. bjwe
?2. Kjst jg tmc n`r pjiiut`je rcsuits ZZZZ tmc dure`el jg gjss`i gucis, kjtjr vcm`oics, gnotjr`cs,

P
n`rorngt neb rjoacts.
N. ` e D. tj O. je B. grjk

Ẩ
?3. Cev`rjekcetni pjiiut`je `s dcojk`el ne ZZZZ scr`jus prjdick tmnt eccbs tj dc tnace onrc jg
ns sjje ns pjss`dic.

B
N. `eorcns`eliy D. `eorcns`el O. `eorcnsc B. `eorcnscb
 I
Cxcro`sc ?. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el tj tmc
uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
?7. \c nrc gno`el scvcrc cev`rjek
cev`rjekcetni
cetni pjii
pjiiut`je
ut`je bcsp`
bcsp`tc
tc tmc gnot tmnt kney wjri
wjribb jrlne`znt`j
jrlne`znt`jeses

@
nrc wjra`el mnrb tj rcbuoc `t.
N. mcnvy D. bcstruot`vc O. mnrkgui B. scr`jus

O
?<. \ntcr pjiiut`je `s n rcsuit jg bukp`el pjiiutnets suom ns bctcrlcets, pcst`o`bcs, j`i, neb jtmcr

@
omck`onis `e r`vcrs, wm`om knacs tmc wntcr ueoicne.
N. sudstneocs D. stuggs O. ojetnk`enets B. wnstcs
?=. _tjp tmc bclrnbnt`je jg tmc pinect's enturni cev`rjekcet neb du`ib n guturc `e wm`om muknes
i`vc `e mnrkjey
mnrkjey w`t
w`tmm enturc
enturc..

G G
N. ojcx`st pcnocguiiy w`tm D. gnii `e ijvc w`tm
O. nlrcc w`tm B. ojjpcrntc w`tm

N. b`ggcrceoc D. nduebneoc O. vnr`cty

J
?0. \\G wns sct up `e >07> neb mnb `ts jpcrnt`jes `e nrcns suom ns tmc prcscrvnt`je jg
d`jijl`oni b`vcrs`ty.
B. picety

E
28. Rmc scnsmjrc wns kuom pjiiutcb dconusc jg tmc nkjuet jg wnstc icgt tmcrc. Nii tm`s rudd`sm `s
a`ii`el g`sm neb jtmcr knr`ec i`gc.

ƨ
N. scn pinets D. scn knkknis
O. wntcr i`gc B. scn orcnturcs

M
2>. @e >0=7, tmc jrlne`znt`je omnelcb `ts enkc tj \jrib \`bc Gueb gjr Enturc. Enturc. Mjwcvcr, `t mns
jpcrntcbb uebcr tmc jr`l`eni enkc `e tmc S_ neb Onenbn.
jpcrntc
N. jib D. gjrkcr O. g`rst B. neo`cet
24. _jkc jg \\G's k`ss`jes nrc6 ojescrv`el tmc wjrib's d`jijl`oni b`vcrs`ty, cesur`el tmc usc jg
rcecwndic enturni rcsjurocs, neb prjkjt`el tmc rcbuot`je jg pjiiut`je.
N. fjds D. onrccrs
PE O. tnsas B. not`jes

S
2?. N`r pjiiut`je `s n ojescquceoc jg gjss`i guci dure`el dy kjtjr vc vcm`oics,
m`oics, gnotjr`cs, n`rorngt neb
rjoacts.
N. prjbuot D. cxnkpic O. mnrk B. rcsuit

N. wjrscecb ^
22. Rmc enturni cev`rjekcet mns dcce scr`jusiy `egiuceocb neb bclrnbcb dy mukne not`v`t`cs
tmrjulm kney bconbcs.
D. bnknlcb O. bcstrjycb B. rcbuocb

K
23. Lijdni wnrk`el `s tmc lrnbuni `eorcnsc jg tckpcrnturc je tmc Cnrtm's surgnoc buc tj
lrccemjusc cggcot.
N. stcnby
Í D. sijw O. smnrp B. ndrupt
Cxcro`sc 2. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC `e kcne`el tj tmc
uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
27. Grcsm wntcr
kjst`scebnelcrcb
vcry `kpjrtnet tj i`gc dconuscjeejjur
jecpinect.
one i`vc w`tmjut
w`tmjut `t. Pct `t `s jec jg tmc

P A
i`k`tcb neb enturni rcsjurocs
N. Oicne D. Br`eandic O. Xjiiutcb B. Tuee`el

Ẩ
2<. Jec wny tj prjtcot jur cev`rjekcet grjk pjiiut`
pjiiut`je
je `s tj rcbuoc wnstcgui
wnstcgui ojesukpt`je.
N. ojstiy D. cxocss`vc O. sngc B. cojejk`oni

B
2=. @g yju gjiijw nt icnst jec jg tmc t`ps, yju one dc prjub jg tna`el pnrt `e tmc prcscrvnt`je jg
wntcr, jec jg tmc vcry `kpjrtnet neb i`k`tcb enturni rcsjurocs je cnrtm.

I
N. scig-ojeg`bcet D. scig-snt`sg`cb O. b`sojetcet B. uepicnsnet
20. _j`i pjiiut`je
pjiiut`je icnbs tj inoa jg gcrt`ic ineb tj lrjw cejulm gjjb gjr ne `eorcns`el
`eorcns`el pjpuint`
pjpuint`je.
je.
N. nr`b D. r`om O. ueoicne B. bcscrtcb
38. Lijdni wnrk`el kny icnb tj kney eclnt`vc omnelcs, `eoiub`el mnrsmcr wcntmcr ojeb`t`jes.
N. kjrc uedcnrndic D. k`ibcr
O. kjrc cxtrckc B. kjrc scr`jus
 @
@ O
G
JG
E
ƨ
M
E
SP
^
K
Í
A
ẨP
B

I
SE@R 06 RTNWCI
RTNWCI NEB RJST@_K

WJONDSINTP

>. _`lmtscc`el ((ee) /ˍsnɦts`˘ɦŁ/ ElẪk oắem

@
O
4. Rjwcr (e) /ˍtnʆɐr/ tmîp

@
?. W`cw (e) /vfu˘/ Oắem

G
2. \jrib Mcr`tnlcs (e) /ˍmcrɦtɦbʔ/ B` sắe tmẺ l`ố`
3. Onstic (e) /ˍaɞ˘si/ Iäu Ğè`
7.
<.
ent`jeni pnra (e) //ˍˍeçʏeɐi/
nrt kuscuk (e) /kfuˍz`˘ɐk/
Oòel v`æe quỞo l`n
Dắj tèel kỰ tmuẫt G
=0.. rtmcocjntkcrk(cee) b/ˍ((v
νv`˘)ɐ//ˉtˉɐrrc/aɐˍkceb/ Ę
EỎmèxxuumảîtt
 omnrk`el (nbf) //ˍˍtʏɞ˘rkɦŁ/
dny (e) /dcɦ/
^uyẺe rŠ
Wềem
E J
pnljbn (e) /pɐˍɮɐʆbɐ/ omðn
ƨ
M
inetcre (e) /ˍiçetɐre/ Ęíe iởel
Rrcaa`el (e) //ttrcaɦŁ/ Ę` dỐ ĞĞƸƸớel bè`

E
stcni (v)ZstjicZstjice Iảy trỐk
gjjb pj`sje`el
pj`sje`el ElỐ ĞỐo tmỠo ďe

P
bciny (v,e) /bɦˍicɦ/ Mjïe, sỾ omomẫk trể
g`rc ninrk Omuòel dîj omîy
kcomne`o /kɐˍaçeɦa/ (e (e) Rmữ ssừừn oƮ amë

^S
sngnr` (e) /sɐˍgɞ˘r`/ Ę` sďe
scrvc (v) /sə˘rv/ Xmợo vợ
`elrcb`cet (e) /ɦeˍɮr`˘b`ɐet/ Rmèem pmẬe

K
tcrrnoc (e) /ˍtcrɐs/ _äe tmƸữel
duelnijw (e) /ˍdʉŁɮɐiɐʆ/ Emè lỜ
noojk
ojkkjbnt`je (e
Í (e)) //ɐɐˉa
ˉaɞɞ˘kɐˍbcɦ
cɦʏe
ʏe// OmỜ Ớ, eƮ
eƮ` oƸ
oƸ tr
trö

A
gnetnst`o (nbf) //ggçeˍtçstɦa/ RuyỌt vớ`
tcrr`dic (nbf) /ˍtcrɐdi/ Rở` tỌ

P
sustn`endic (nbf) /sɐˍstcɦeɐdi/ DỎe vỪel
cojtjur`sk (e) /ˍ`˘aɐʆtʆrɦzɐk/ Bu iềom s`em tmî`
`sineb (e) /ˍnɦiɐeb/ Ęắj
cev`rjekcet ((ee) //ɦɦeˍvnɦrɐekɐet/ Kò` tr
trƸớel

BẨ
D- C]XTC
C]XTC__@JE_
__@JE_ & JRM JRMCT CT _RTSORSTC_
_RTSORSTC_

I
drcna bjwe Dề mỊel

@
Lj je vnont`je Ę` elmỀ, bu iềom
Omnsc ngtcr Ęuồ` tmcj
wn`t gjr
je tmc wny tj sjkcwmcrc
Ęữ `
Rræe ĞƸớel ĞẺe Ğäu
@ O
G
dc aejwe gjr/ gnkjus gjr Eồ` t`Ẻel vé Ğ`Ỏu lé

G
O- LT
LTNK
NKKN KNT T
+ Nrt`oics (KẮj t

J
KẮj tỡ
tỡ (nrt
(nrt`oi
`oics)
cs) iièè tỡ bðel trƸ
trƸốo
ốo bn
bnem
em tỡ vè om
omjj d`Ẻ
d`Ẻtt bnem
bnem tỡ ảy ĞỎ oẫp ĞĞẺe
Ẻe kỐ
kỐtt ĞỞ`
tƸữel oợ
oợ tmỏ mny tồel quît, xî xîoo Ğềem mny amòel xîo Ğ`em.

N. KẨJ R
RỦ
Ủ DẢR Ę
ĘỆEM
ỆEM (@
(@EBC
EBCG@E
G@E@RC
@RC NTR@
NTR@OIC
OIC_)6
_)6 N/
N/NE
NE

KẮj tỡ
tỡ dảt ĞĞềem
ejue).
ềem n/ne tmƸớel ĞỠel
ĞỠel trƸốo bne
ƨ E
bnemm tỡ ĞẺk ĞƸữo sỞ ët (s`elu
(s`eluinr
inr ojuet
ojuetndic
ndic

M
+ N ĞỠel trƸốo
trƸốo bnem ttỡỡ dẪt ĞẬu ddẾel
Ếel kỐt ppmợ
mợ äk (ojes
(ojesjenet)
jenet) mjẼo
mjẼo kỐt
eluyæe äk (vjwci)
(vjwci) emƸel ĞƸữo pmîtpmît äk emƸ pmợ äk.
N omn`r, n mjusc, n d`l cll1 n rndd`t,
rndd `t, n ue`vcrs`ty /ɐ ½fu6e`²vɐ6sɐt`/,
½fu6e`²vɐ6sɐt`/, n Cnrjpcne /ɐ
fʆɐrɐ p`˘ɐe/, n jec wny strcct / ɐ wʉe …/
E
P
+ Ne ĞỠel trƸốo bnembnem tỡ dẪt ĞẬu dẾel kỐt elu
eluyæe
yæe äk (vjwci
(vjwci66 n, c, `, j,u) vè
äk m oäk.

S
Ne nppic, ne cll, ne `sineb, ne ukdrciin, ne jrnelc
>. Oî
Oîoo trƸớ
trƸớel
el mữ
mữpp bbðel
ðel kẮ
kẮjj tỡ
tỡ ’n/
’n/ne‛
ne‛

n. K ẮjelƸớ`/
kỐt tỡ
tỡ dảt Ğề
Ğvẫt
ềemamòel
n/ne ĞƸữ
ĞƸữo
xîooĞềem
bðel
bðelmjẼotrƸ
trƸốo
ốo bbnem
kỐt nem ttỡỡ ĞẺk
elƸớ`/ vẫt ĞĞƸữo
Ƹữo sỞ
ĞỎ ëtoẫp
ĞĞỏỏĞẺe
omỀ

K ^
iẬe ĞẬu ‟ elƸớ` elmc amò
elƸớ` mny vẫt Ğÿ.
amòelel d`Ẻt omëe

- _mc i`vcs `e n e`oc sknii mjusc.

omëemm xîo mjẼo omƸn tỡel d`Ẻt vvỎỎ

Í Oò ảy sỞel trjel kỐt elò` emè emỊ, ĞẰp.

A
d. N/ne ĞƸữ
ĞƸữoo bðel
bðel tr trƸốo
Ƹốo bnem tỡ ĞẺk ĞƸữo ĞƸữo sỞ ët ĞĞỏỏ eÿ` vỎ kỐt elƸớ
elƸớ``
mjẼo kỐt vẫt
vẫt dảt aỿ oỬn kỐt ijẮijẮ`.`.
Z Ne jwi one scc `e tmc bnra.

P
Oö oÿ tmỏ
tmỏ emée ró ttrjel
rjel dÿel tỞ`.
Z N om`ib eccbs ijvc.

Ẩ Rrằ ck oẬ

-
oẬee téem
o. N/ ne ĞƸữ
téem tmƸ
tmƸƮel.
ĞƸữoo bðel trƸố
Ʈel.
trƸốoo bnem tỡ
Tutm‐s gntmcr `s n inwycr.
tỡ omỀ elmỎ elm` elm`Ọp,
Ọp, om
omỠo
Ỡo vợ.

I
Omn Tutm iè iuẫt sƸ.
b. N/ ne ĞƸữo bðel snu mmỌỌ tỡ (i`ea`(i`ea`elel vc
vcrds)
rds) mjẼo ns Ğỏ pmäe ijẮ`
ijẮ` elƸ
elƸớ`
ớ`
mny vẫt ‟ elƸớ` mmny ny vẫt Ğÿ ttmuỐo
muỐo vỎ ijẮ`, eemÿkmÿk mjẼo a`ỏu eèj
eèj..
- Mc‐s n omcnt neb n i`nr.

4. Oî
Nem tn iè kỐt aằ iỡn Ğắj vè bỞ` trî.
Oîoo trƸớ
trƸớel
el mữp
mữp amò
amòel el bðe
bðell k
kẮjẮj ttỡỡ n/
n/ne
ne
O @
@
n. Rr
RrƸố
Ƹốoo bn
bnem
em ttỡỡ sỞ em`
em`Ỏu
Ỏu ((pi
piurn
urnii ej
ejue)
ue) mjẼo
mjẼo bnem
bnem ttỡỡ amò
amòel
el ĞĞẺk
Ẻk ĞĞƸữ
Ƹữoo

G
(ueojuetndic ejue).
- Mjrscs nrc qunbrupcb.

G
ElỾn iè ĞỐel vẫt dỞe omäe.
- Djtm ky pn pnrrcet
cets nrc nrom`tcots.

J
Oắ omn vè
vè kẰ tò` ĞĞỎu Ỏu iè a`Ẻ
a`Ẻee trö
tröoo sƸ.
d. RrƸốo oîo dỪn ďe, trỡ am` oÿ tëem tỡ ĞỠel trƸốo.
- \c mnvc drcnagnst nt c`lmt.
Omöel tò` ďe Ğ`ỏk täk iöo = l`ớ.

o. n…jg
Rr
RrƸố
Ƹốoo k`ec/
tëe
tëemm tỡ
tỡyjur/
mjẼo
mjẼo mcrs/
ĞĞẮ`
Ắ` tỡ cto.
sỚ mỪ
mỪu6
u6 tm
tmny
ny vèj
vèj Ğÿ tn
tn ooÿÿ tmỏ
tmỏ bðe
bðell oả
oảuu trö
tröoo
- Mc‐s n gr`ceb jg k`ec.
Nem ảy iè dẮe tò`.
M ƨ E
D. KẨ
KẨJ
JRRỦ
Ủ ]ÎO
]ÎO ĘỆE
ĘỆEM6
M6 RM
RMC
C
E
P
KẮj tỡ
tỡ xîo ĞĞềem
ềem tmc ĞƸữo bðel
bðel omj tảt oắ oîo bne
bnemm tỡ6 bnem tỡ ĞẺk ĞƸ
ĞƸữo
ữo sỞ ët (s`
(s`eluinr
eluinr
ojuetndic
ojuetnd ic ejue), bnem tỡ ĞẺk ĞƸữ ĞƸữoo sỞ em`Ỏu (p
(piurni
iurni oj
ojuetndi
uetndicc ejue) vè bnem tỡ amòel

S
ĞẺk ĞƸữo (ueojuetndic ejue).
Rmc djy, tmc djys, tmc gjjb

^
>. Oî
Oîoo tr
trƸớ
Ƹớelel m
mữp
ữp bðbðel
el kkẮj
Ắj tỡ tm
tmc.
c.
n. KẮj tỡ tỡ xîo ĞĞềềem tmc ĞƸữo bðel
bðel trƸốo bnem tỡ omỀ elƸớ` mmjẼo
jẼo vẫt ĞĞïï xîo Ğềe
Ğềemm mjẼo
Ğï ĞƸữo ĞỎ
ĞỎ oẫp ĞẺe ttrƸốo
rƸốo Ğÿ ‟ elƸớ` eelmc
lmc d`Ẻt (mjẼo oÿ ttmỏ
mỏ m`ỏu) el
elƸớ`
Ƹớ` eÿ` Ğnel
 K
eÿ` vỎ elƸớ` mjẼo vẫt eèj.
- B`b yju ijoa tmc onr:

Í - Ojuib yju oijsc tmc bjjr:

A
d. Rmc ĞƸữo bðel trƸốo
trƸốo bnem ttỡỡ ĞƸữo xîo Ğề Ğềem
em dẾel kỐt oợ oợk
k tỡ mjẼo kỐt kỌem
kỌem ĞỎ
tmcj snu.
- \mj‐s `s tmc l`ri `e diuc:

P
- \mnt b`b yju bbjj w`tm tmc onkcrn @ icet yju:
o. Rmc ĞƸữ
ĞƸữoo bðel
bðel trƸ
trƸốo
ốo oî
oîoo bnem
bnem tỡ omỀ eƮ` omỞe oợ tmỏtmỏ..

Ẩ - Rure ic
b. Rmc ĞƸữo bðel
bðel trƸố
icgt mcrc ggjjr tmc stnt`je.
trƸốoo bnem ttỡỡ omỀ vẫt lé Ğÿ iè bbuy
uy emảt
emảt,, mjẼo vẫt lé Ğÿ omỀ kỐt

B trjel kò` trƸớel qunem tn6 tmc cnrtm, tmc sue, tmc say, tmc stnrs, tmc kjje, tmc

I
pinects, tmc wjrib, tmc cquntjr, tmc Ljvcrekcet, tmc pji`oc, tmc Fnpnecsc, tmc
Xr`kc K`e`stcr, tmc onp`tni,…
- Rmc cnrtm ljcs rjueb tmc sue neb tmc kjje ljcs rjueb tmc
cnrtm.

c. Rmc ĞƸữo
l`ố`bðel
bðqun
el em
vố`tnkỐt sỞ oợk
mẫu tỡ ỬnĞỎeÿoẫp ĞẺe kò` ttrƸớel
rƸớel vẫt
vẫt tmƸ
omảt oỬnamîo
omöe
omöell el
tn ‟

O@
tỠo tmẺ qunem vè amë ooỬn ‟ mjẼo oîo kẼt ttmòel
mòel tmƸớel
ớel trj
trjel

@
ouỐo sỞel6 tmc cev`rjekcet, tmc tjwe, tmc ojuetry, tmc scn, tmc scns`bc, tmc

G
e`lmt, tmc kjuetn`es, tmc bcscrt, tmc rn`e, tmc w`eb, tmc gjl, tmc wcntmcr, tmc
suesm`ec, tmc ue`vcrsc, tmc guturc,…

G
- Bj yju prcgcr tmc tjwe jr tmc ojuetry:
- @ iijjvc i`stce`el tj tmc w`eb.

J
g. Rmc ĞƸữo bðel trƸốo
trƸốo tëe
tëemm tỡ mjẼo trẮel
trẮel tỡ trjel sj sîe sîemm emảt, trƸ
trƸốo
ốo g`rst, scojeb,
tm`rb... vè trƸốo ecxt, inst, snkc, jeiy.
- @‐k tmc jibcst `e ky gnk`iy.
- Kjebny `s tmc g`rst bny jg n wcca.

ijeli
li`g
`gcc k
kckckdc
E
l. Rmc ĞƸữo bðel trƸốo tæe oîo Ğắel omëem trề, tæe tèu tmỬy, vè tæe oîo dne emẮo.
- _mc‐
_mc‐ss n ije dcrr jjgg tmc Tcpudi`one Xnrty.
- elRmc R`tne`o snea
` ỚjesỞ`ts g`rst vjynlc norjss tmc Ğéem.
Ntinet`o
m. `e >0>4.

M ƨ
m. Rmc ĞƸữ
ĞƸữoo bðel
bð ttrƸố
rƸốoo tæe
tæe eelƸớ
lƸớ` em`
em`Ỏu
Ỏu ĞĞỏ
ỏ omỀ tjè
tjèee tmỏ
tmỏ l`n Ğée
- Rmc Rnyijrs mnvc i`vcb `e tm`s tjwe gjr jvcr 38 ycnrs.
`. Rmc ĞƸữo bðel trƸốo
trƸốo tæe oîo tẮp omë (knlnz`ecs). E
trƸốo tæe oîo tớ dîj (ecwspnp
(ecwspnpcr),cr), emƸel tmc amòel ĞƸữo bðel

P
Rmc t`kcs1 Rmc \nsm`eltje Xjst1 Ecw _o`cet`st
f. Rmc + bnem tỡtỡ amòe
amòell ĞẺk ĞƸ ĞƸữoữo mjẼ
mjẼoo bnem ttỡỡ ĞẺk ĞƸ ĞƸữo
ữo sỞ em`
em`Ỏu
Ỏu ((Rmc
Rmc + n

S
ueojuetndic ejue/ piurni ojuetndic ejue) ĞƸữ ĞƸữoo bðel ĞĞỏỏ eÿ` vỎ elƸ
elƸớ`
ớ` mj
mjẼo
Ẽo vẫt
oợ tmỏ.
tmỏ.

^
- @ jgtjgtce
ce i`stc
`stcee tj ku
kus` s`o.
o.
a. Rmc tmƸớel amòel ĞƸữo bðel am` eÿ` ĞẺe elƸớ` mjẼo vẫt kỐt oîom omuel omuel,
emƸel tmc + bnem
bnem ttỡỡ ĞẺ
ĞẺkk ĞƸ
ĞƸữoữo ssỞỞ ët ((tmc
tmc + n s`eluinr ojuetndic ejue) oÿ tmỏ
ĞƸữo bðel
bðel Ğỏ eÿ` om omuel
uel vỎ kỐt iijè` jè` ĞỐel
ĞỐel vẫt, kỐt iijẮ`
jẮ` bợel
bợel oợ mjẼo kî
kîyy kÿo,
oîo pmît k`em amjn mịo vè oîo emẮo amë.

Í K
- Rmc t`lcr `s `e bnelcr jg dcojk`el cxt`eot.

A
Mồ Ğnel oÿ eluy oƮ dề tuyỌt omỬel.
i. Rmc + tëem tỡu (Rmc
(Rmc + nbfcot`vc) ĞƸữ
ĞƸữoo bðel
bðel ĞĞỏỏ eÿ` vỎ kỐt emÿ
emÿk k el
elƸớ`
Ƹớ` oợ tmỏ
eèj Ğÿ trjel xï mỐ`6 tmc yjuel, tmc jib, tmc cibcriy, tmc pjjr, tmc r`om, tmc s`oa,

P
tmc b`sndicb, tmc ueckpijycb, tmc mjkcicss, tmc bcng, tmc di`eb…
- Rmc ljvc
ljvcre
rekce
kcett smj
smjui
uibb prj
prjv`
v`bc
bc noojk
noojkkjkjbnt
bnt`j
`jee gjr tmc mjkcicss.
 Ẩ k. Rmc + quỞo tềom (Rmc
eèj Ğÿ.
(Rmc + ent`jeni`ty) ĞƸữo bðel ĞĞỏỏ omỀ tjèe bäe oỬn
oỬn kỐt quỞo l`
l`nn

B - Rmc Grceom nrc gnkjus gjr tmc`r ojja`el.

I
e. Rmc tmƸớel ĞƸữo
ĞƸữo bðel trƸốo emỪe
emỪell bnem tỡ oÿ jg tmcj snu.
- Rmc pninoc jg \cstk`estcr. ( Iäu Ğè` \cstk`estcr)
- Rmc Luig jg Kcx`oj (Wềem Kcx`oj) {Kcx`oj Luig}

4. Oîo trƸớel
trƸớel mữp amòel bðe
Rmc amòel ĞƸữo bðel6
bðell kẮj tỡ ’tmc‛.
@
n. RrƸ
RrƸốo
ốo bbne
nemm tỡ sỞ em
em`Ỏ
`Ỏuu vè bbnem
nem tỡ amamòel
òel ĞẺ
ĞẺk
k ĞƸ
ĞƸữo
ữo vvố`
ố` eelm
lmĠn
Ġn oomue
muel.
l.

G @ O
- Cicpmnets nrc `etcii`lcet ne`kns.
Wj` iè oje vẫt tmòel k`em.

G
d. RrƸốo inst vè ecxt vố` elmĠn vỡn qun, sẪp ĞẺe.
- \mce b` b`b yyjju lljj tj
tj ddccb inst ee`lmt:
ee`lmt:

J
- _mc `s llj`j`eel tj
tj IIjjebje ecxt wcca.
o. Rr
RrƸố
Ƹốoo mn`
mn` bnem
bnem tỡ kne vè wjkne vố` elmĠn oje elƸớ` eÿ` omuel.
- Ljb or orcntcb kne neb wjkne gjr cnom jtmcr.

b. Rrj
Rrjel
el oî
oîoo ooợk
ợk tỡ om
omỀỀ tm
tmớ`
ớ` l`ne
l`ne snu Ğäy
E
- \my bjcs kne scck tj mnvc kjrc b`scnscs tmne ne`knis:
Ğäy66 nii bny, nii e`lmt, nii wcca, nii
sukkcr, nii w`etcr, nii ycnr.
- @‐ @‐vc
- Ky dr
vc dcce
dcce wn`t
drjt
jtmc
wn`t`e
mcrr w
`ell ggjr
wns
ns rc
rcst
jr yju
stic
icss
ƨ
yju nii bny.
ss nii e`lmt.
c. Rr
RrƸố
Ƹốoo kỐt
kỐt sỞ omỠo
omỠo vợ.vợ.

EM
- Ci`zndc
Ci`zndctm tm @@,
@@, ^
^ucce
ucce jg C Celi
elineb,
neb, `s jjpce`
pce`el
el n ecw mjsp
mjsp`tn
`tnii
tjkjrrjw.

P
- NiNiii tmc
tmc k kck
ckdc dcrs
rs ccic
icot
otcb
cb Kr \m`
\m`tc
tc omn`rkne.
- Rjk wns knbc onptn`e jg tmc tcnk.

S
- Mc wns nppj`etcb om`cg oicra `e 488>.
- D`D`iii Oi`
Oi`etetje
je wns cico
cicottcb Xrcs`bcet jg tmc S_N gjr tmc scojeb t`kc.

^
g. Rr
RrƸố
Ƹốoo bne
bnemm tỡ
tỡ tr
trôô oomƮ
mƮ`` vè
vè kòe
kòe tmỏtmỏ tmnj
tmnj66 omcss, (tndic) tcee`s, dnbk`etje,
ruldy, gjjtdnii.
- Bn`sy ni niwnys dnbk`etje `e tmc kjre`el.

K
- M`M`lm
lm somj
somjjiji djys
djys i`ac
i`ac piny
piny`e
`ell gjjtdnii.
l. Wố` tæe r`æ
r`æel
el ooỬn
Ửn kỐt sỞ eƮ` omỞe omỞe vè Ğền bnem.
bnem.
+ Iợo Ğền6 Ngr`on, Curjpc, Ns`n
+ ^uỞo l`n6 Grneoc, Fnpne, _w`tzcrineb, Ecw Vcnineb

AÍ
+ R`ỏu dnel6 Rcxns, Gijr`bn, Ecw Jricnes, Oni`gjre`n
+ Rmèem pmỞ, tm tmềề trảe6 On`rj, Ecw Pjra, Mjustje, Dr`stji

P
+ Ęắj6 Oje`stje, _`o`iy, Dcrkubn, Ojrgu
+ Mở6 Oje`stje \ntcr Inac K`om`lne

Ẩ + Eö`, Ğở`6 Cvcrcst, Cten, A`i`knefnrj, Ejrtm M`ii

+ ĘƸớel pmỞ, oòel v`æe, quắel trƸớel6 _m`ricy _trcct, Kjbcre Tjnb, G`gtm

B Nvceuc, R`kcs _qunrc, Mybc Xnra

 I
+ Emè ln, pm` trƸớel, trƸớel mịo vè oîo tôn emè, oòel tréem mjẼo oƮ qune
trịel yẺu6 Aceecby N`rpjrt, W`otjr`n _tnt`je, Cb`edurlm Onstic, Jxgjrb
Se`vcrs`ty, \cstk`estcr Nddcy, Dr`stji Vjj, Kcrtje Ojiiclc

@
+ Oừn mèel, emè mèel, amîom sẮe, eläe mèel,…ĞƸữo ĞẼt tæe tmcj tæe elƸớ`
snel iẫp mjẼo oîo emè tmớ`
tmớ` ĞƸữo ĞẼt tæe tmc
tmcjj tæe oîo về tmîem6 Knt`ibn‐s

O
Tcstnurnet, Iijybs Dnea, KoBjenib, Mnrrjbs (smjp), _t Fjme‐s Omurom.

@
_t Xnui‐s Ontmcbrni
+ Oîo mèem t`em6 Wceus, Knrs, Fup`tcr
+ Oîo oòel ty, oîo mnel mèel amòel, v.v.6 G`nt, _jey, Dr`st`sm N`rwny @DK,

GG
W`ctenk N`ri`ec

+ Rmc pnst s`kpic neb pnst o

J
XTNOR@OC
E
ƨ
I@_RCE@EL
@. Ojkpi
Ojkpictc
ctc tmc ejtcs dc
dcijw.
ijw. \r`
\r`tc
tc JEC \JT
\JTB
B JT N ESKD
ESKDCT
CT gjr cnom ne
neswcr.
swcr.

M
Oustjkcr‐s enkc6 @ljr Xctrjv
Iceltm jg mji`bny6 > ………………………
\`ii pny up tj £ 4 ………………………
Rjib m`k ndjut ?……………………… gjr nbvneoc pnykcets

PE
Eccbs qujtc gjr 2……………………… bur`el mji`bny
Tcqu`rcs 3……………………… je pinec

S
Kust omcoa `g mc eccbs n 7………………………
@@.
@@.Omjjsc
Omjjsc ttmcmc ojrrco
ojrrcott icttcr, N N,, D, O jr B.

^
>. Mjw ijel ijel bj
bjcs
cs ssmc
mc wwnet
net tj rrcet
cet n on
onr:
r:
N. gjr n wcca D. gjr n kjetm O. gjr n ycnr
4. \my bjcse‐t
bjcse‐t smc wnet
wnet tmctmc W
W\\X Xjij
jij::

K
N. @@tt‐s tjj d`l D. @t‐s tj sknii O. @t‐s tjj m`lm
?. \my bjcse‐t
bjcse‐t smc
smc rc
rcet
et ttmc
mc Gj
Gjrb
rb G`
G`cstn
cstn::

Í
N. @t‐s ejt nutjknt`o D. @t‐s ejt kneuni O. @t‐s ejt cxpces`vc
2. MjMjw w ku
kuom
om bj
bjcs
cs sm
smcc g`
g`eni
eniiy
iy ppny:
ny:
N. ₩>70 D. ₩>?0 O. ₩>43
3. \my ``ss tm`
tm`ss omcnpcr
omcnpcr tm
tmne
ne tmc nnbvcr
bvcrt`s
t`scb
cb pr`
pr`oc:
oc:

PA
N. @t‐s n d`l jggcr D. @t‐s n spco`ni jggcr O. @t‐s n ljjb jggcr
D. IC]@OJ-
IC]@OJ- LTNKKLTNKKNT NT

Ẩ
@. Knra tmc icttcr
icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswc
neswcrr smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc ueuebcri`e
bcri`ecb
cb
pnrt b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

B
>. N. bc
bcgjrcstnt`je D. bcpictc O. cev`rjekcet B. cerjikcet

I
4. N. rckj
rckjvni D. cvnp
cvnpjjrntc O. ojetnk`ent`je B. mnrkjey
?. N. cesu
cesurc D. sulnr O. kcnsurc B. surc
2. N. bc
bconbc D. bclrnbnt`je O. vclctnt`je B. pnrt`o`pntc
 @
O
3. N. ojesu
ojesukpt`je D. gueot`je O. pjiiutnets B. muelcr

@
@@. Knra tmc icttc
icttcrr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs
b`ggcrs
grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`e
gjiijw`ell qucst`jes
>. N. cecrly
4. N. dcnut`gui
D. g`eniiy
D. ojesukpt`je
O. mjsp`tni
O. jggces`vc G
B. bce`ni
B. nqunt`o

JG
?. N. jrlne`zc D. p`oturcsquc O. cel`eccr B. ngtcrejje
2. N. nrt`oic D. omck`oni O. ct`qucttc B. Fnpnecsc

E
3. N. ckpijycc D. ojkk`ttcc O. rcgcrcc B. ndscetcc
@@@. Knra tmc icttc
icttcrr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr
neswcr tj

ƨ
cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Rmcrc `s n ...................... wntcr dconusc `t mnse‐t rn`ecb gjr n ijel t`kc.

M
N. smjrtnlc D. smjrt O. smjrtcst B. smjrtcr
4. Jec jg tmc n`ks jg Lrccepcnoc `s tj .................... jg tmc cev`rjekcetni prjdicks gno`el jur

E
pinect.
N. tnac rcspjes`d`i`ty D. nrjusc `etcrcst O. rn`sc ojeocre B. rn`sc nwnrcecss

?. Rmc orcnt`je jg enturc rcscrvcs w`ii mcip tj cesurc tmc .................. jg kney cebnelcrcb

SP
spco`cs.
N. cxt`eot`je D. surv`vni O. ci`k`ent`je B. b`snppcnrneoc

^
2. ZZZZZZZZZZ nrc vcry nex`jus ndjut tmc gnii`el rm`ej pjpuint`je.
D. Cev`rjekcetni
N. Cev`rjekcetni`sts O. Ojescrvnt`je`sts B. Enturni`sts
not`v`t`cs

K
3. Cnrtm Bny wns stnrtcb dy Fjme KoOjeecii `e >0<8 ns n wny tj knac pcjpic .............. tmc
prjdicks jg tmc cev`rjekcet.
N. nttcet`je tj
Í D. rcspjes`dic w`tm O. nwnrc jg B. nttcet`vc tj

A
7. Rmc mcnv`iy pjiiutcb wntcr ecnr tmc gnotjry .................. tmc sngcty jg tmc ijoni pcjpic.
N. cebnelcrs D. prcscrvcs O. ojetnk`entcs B. `s tmrcntcecb
<. Rmc mulc j`i si`oa `s kjv`el sijwiy tjwnrbs @rcineb, neb scvcrni k`ics jg ojnsti`ec nrc uebcr
.............

ẨP
N. tmrcnt D. stnac O. prcssurc B. bnknlc
=. Rjrenbjcs nrc vcry bnelcrjus dconusc tmcrc `s ................., neb pcjpic bj ejt mnvc kuom t`kc

B
tj g`eb n sngc pinoc

I
N. sknii wnre`el D. n ijt jg wnre`el O. i`ttic wnre`el B. gcw wnre`el
0. \c nbk`rc Iuoy gjr mcr `etcii`lceoc, omccrgui b`spjs`t`je neb ................

@
N. mjecst D. mjecsty O. mjecstiy B. mjecstcb
>8. _cvcrni ..................... nrc aejwe tj onusc oneocr tj bcvcijp.

O
N. omck`st D. omck`stry O. omck`oni B. omck`onis
>>. ’Rmnea yju sj kuom gjr yjur suppjrt‛ - ...........................................
N. \ciojkc! @t‐s vcry e`oc jg yju D. \cii bjec

G @
G
O. Rmcrc `s ejtm`el @ one bj ndjut `t B. @t‐s ky picnsurc
>4. Gnrkcrs one cer`om tmc sj`i dy us`el ......................
 N. g_ulnr
crt`ic `s tmc .......................
D. gcjgrt`mcnitmy
i`ty O. gcrt`i`zcrs B. gcrt`i`zc

J
>?. tcctm.

E
N. bcstruot`je D. bcstruot`vciy O. bcstrjy`el B. bcstrjycr
>2. Rmc r`vcr mns dcce pjiiutcb w`tm tjx`o wnstc grjk ..................... gnotjr`cs.

ƨ
N. ijoni D. ijontc O. ijoniiy B. ijoni`ty
>3. \my nrce‐t yju ojk`el w`t w`tmm us : - ................................
N. Rmnt‐s wmy @ bje‐t i`ac lj`el jut
M D. @ mnvc tjj kuom nss`lekcets tj bj. @‐k sjrry

E
O. @ wns vcry t`rcb. Rmnt‐s wmy B. @ bje‐t nlrcc. @‐k ngrn`b
>7. Mciij, F`k. @ b`be‐t cxpcot tj scc yju tjbny. _je`n sn`b yju .................. `ii.

P
N. nrc D. wcrc O. wns B. smjuib dc
><. Rmc kne .................... tmnt mc mnb bjec tm`s dcgjrc neb tmnt mc mnb sjkc cxpcr`ceoc `e tmc
g`cib.

^S
N. tjib D. sn`b kc O. tniacb B. sn`b
>=. N euoicnr rcnotjr rcicnscs rnb`nt`je wm`om `s .......... ..... tj tmc cev`rjekcet.
N. bnelcrjus D. cebnelcrcb O. `e bnelcr B. bnelcr

K
>0. Mukne ................. mnvc ejt smjwe tmc`r `etcet`je tj i`vc `e mnrkjey w`tm tmc enturc.
N. rnoc D. dc`els O. dc`el B. a`eb

Í
48. Rmc pjjr pcjpic `e tmc o`ty ................... tcrr`dic suggcr`el ns n rcsuit jg b`snstcr

A
N. mnvc cxpcr`ceocb D. mnvc dcce cxpcr`ceocb O. cxpcr`ceoc B. mnb cxpcr`ceocb
@W. Knra tmc icttc
icttcrr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R
OIJ_C_R `e

P
kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Jec jg tmc kn`e nrcn jg tm`s jrlne`znt`je `s tmc sustn`endic usc jg enturni rcsjurocs.

N. kn`etn`endic D. gjrlcttndic O. v`s`dic B. vclctndic

BẨ
4. Jvcrus`el omck`oni sprnys neb gcrt`i`zcrs knacs ineb nr`b neb vclctnt`je mnrkgui tj mukne
mcnitm.

N. vcry bry D. vcry wct O. stjrky B. rn`ey

I
W. Knra tmc icttc
icttcrr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC
JXXJ_@RC
`e kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ec
uebcri`ecb b wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
qucst`jes.
>. Jec wny tj prjtcot jur cev`rjekcet grjk pjiiut`je `s tj rcbuoc wnstcgui ojesukpt`je.
@
O
N. ojstiy D. cxocss`vc O. sngc B. cojejk`oni

@
4. @g yju gjiijw nt icnst jec jg tmc t`ps, yju one dc prjub jg tna`el pnrt `e tmc prcscrvnt`je jg
wntcr, jec jg tmc vcry `kpjrtnet neb i`k`tcb enturni rcsjurocs je cnrtm.

G
N. scig-ojeg`bcet D. scig-snt`sg`cb O. b`sojetcet B. uepicnsnet

G
W@. Knra tmc icttc
icttcrr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb
uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt
eccbs ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

J
>. Rmc tcnomnomcr nsac
sacb m`s stub
stubccets tj gjous
ous je yj
yjuur tjp`o.
N D O B
4. \j\jra
rass wr`t`
r`t`el
el dy _m
_mna
nacs
cspc
pcnr
nr jg
jgtc
tcee mnvc
mnvc ne ue
uemn
mnpp
ppyy ceb`
ceb`el
el .
N D O B

E
?. _tub
_tubce
cets
ts one
one ejw
ejw stub
stubyy nt mjkc
mjkc `est
estcnb
cnb jg nt tmc
tmc i`
i`dr
drnr
nryy dcon
dconus
uscc tmc @et
@etcr
crec
ectt

ƨ
N D O B

O. TCNB@EL
@.Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj
 M
E
`eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas.
Rrnvci nt tmc Ejrtm neb _jutm Xjics mns dcojkc ne cxpces`vc ic`surc not`v`ty, su`tndic gjr
tjur`sts
tjur`sts jg nii nlcs. Rmc pcjpic knydc `emjsp`tndic
`emjsp`tndic pinocs (>) ZZZZZ tmcy nrc scc`el `eorcns`el
eukdcrs jg v`s`tjrs.
P
Neeuni g`lurcs gjr tmc Nrot`o `e Dnit`kjrc, (4) ZZZZZ tjur`sk mns cx`stcb s`eoc >0 tm ocetury,

S
mnvc `eorcnscb grjk ndjut n k`ii`je `e cnriy >008s tj kjrc tmne >.3 k`ii`je tj bny. Rm`s `s
pnrtiy dconusc jg tmc iceltmce`el sukkcr scnsje drjulmt (?) ZZZZZ. dy oi`kntc omnelc. \mce
tjur`sk mns cxpijbcb, tmc mcnitm jg tmc pjics mns (2) ZZZZZ. ’Rmc d`llcst omnelcs tna`el pinoc

^
`e tmc Netnrot`o nrc rcintcb tj oi`kntc omnelc‛ snys
s nys Tjb Bjwe`c, Cev`rjekcetni Knenlcr w`tm
tmc Dr`t`sm Netnrot`o _urvcy. Inrlc (3) ZZZZZ jg v`s`tjrs `eorcnsc tmcs
tmcscc prjdicks.

K
Í
^ucst`je
^ucst`je >. N. dut D. sj O. neb B. jr
^ucst`je 4. N. wmce D. wmcrc O. wm`om B. tmnt

A
^ucst`je ?. N. `e D. up O. bjwe B. ndjut
^ucst`je 2. N. bcorcnscb D. bctcrjr`ntcb O. rcfuevcentcb B. updr`el`elcb
^ucst`je 3. N. nkjuet D. ijt O. bcni B. eukdcrs

P
Ẩ
4. Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj
`eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes.

I
_tjecmcelc, jec jg tmc jibcst kystcr`cs `e tmc wjrib i`cs `e sjutmcre Celineb. Cvce tmc
enkc `s neo`cet. Rmc wjrb ’mcelc‛ ojkcs grjk Jib Celi`sm uscb jvcr n tmjusneb ycnrs nlj. Rmc
wjrb kuom
kcnet gurtmcr
’mnel`el,‛
tmne sj _tjecmcelc kcnes ’mnel`el stjecs.‛
tmntMjwcvcr, tmc mnel`el
wns du`itstjecs lj

@
dnoa tmnt.Kjst rcocet rcscnrom mns gjueb _tjecmcelc `e tmrcc
stnlcs neb tjja nt icnst >,288 ycnrs tj du`ib. Rmc g`rst stnlc wns stnrtcb ndjut 3,888 ycnrs nlj neb

O
tjja 38 ycnrs tj ojkpictc. @e tm`s g`rst ojestruot`je, tmc pcjpic wmj du`it _tjecmcelc bul n b`tom

@
neb sjkc mjics. M`stjr`nes dci`cvc tmcsc mjics mcib ijel wjjbce pjics. Rmcy bje‐t aejw `g tmcrc

G
wns n rjueb du`ib`el tmcrc jr `g tmc ijl pjics wcrc ojeecotcb tjlctmcr
tjlctmcr kjrc i`ac tmc stjecs tmcrc
tjbny. Mjwcvcr, tmcy mnvc gjueb sjkc b`ll`el tjjis knbc grjk ne`kni djecs tmcrc wm`om mns

G
tjib tmck mjw jib tm`s stnlc `s.

J
Rmc scojeb stnlc instcb gjr npprjx`kntciy tmc ecxt 388 ycnrs. @e tm`s pmnsc, `t sccks tmnt
sjkc ecw mjics wcrc knbc neb sjkc jg tmc jib mjics wcrc g`iicb `e. Jec jg tmc kjst `etcrcst`el
tm`els `s tmnt tmc jib mjics wcrc usuniiy g`iicb w`tm duret kntcr`nis, jgtce mukne nsmcs! Rmcsc nsmcs
neb jtmcr du`ib`el tjjis mcip m`stjr`nes tcii tmc nlc jg tmc scojeb pmnsc.

Rmc g`eni pmnsc tjja tmc ijelcst t`kc1 nikjst >,888 ycnrs.
ycnrs . _jkc jg tmc stjecs wcrc drjulmt

ƨ E
dy wntcr, wm`ic jtmcrs onkc jvcr ineb. Rmcsc stjecs nrc nr c tcrr`diy inrlc neb wjuib dc b`gg`ouit cvce

M
gjr kjbcre knom`ecs tj kjvc. Mjw b`b tmc neo`cet pcjpic knenlc tj kjvc tmck: Ej jec one sny
gjr ocrtn`e, dut `t sccks kjst
kjs t i`aciy tmnt tmcy wcrc kjvcb tmrjulm
tmrjulm s`kpic knom`ecs neb w`i
w`iii pjwcr.

du`it tmc knss`vc kjeukcet: \my b`b tmcy du`ib `t:

E
Mjw tmc stjecs ljt `etj pinoc `s jeiy jec jg tmc kystcr`cs surrjueb`el _tjecmcelc. \mj
`t: \ns `t gjr ne neo`cet rci`l`je: \ns
\ns `t n tjkd

P
gjr n lrcnt pcrsje: @s `t tmc lntcwny tj nejtmcr wjrib: Ej jec one neswcr tmcsc qucst`jes, dut
tmcrc `s jec tm`el pcjpic nlrcc je wmcecvcr tmcy scc `t. _tjecmcelc `s jec jg tmc kjst `kprcss`vc

S
neo`cet kystcr`cs neyjec mns cvcr scce.
(Nbnptcb grjk knlnz`enisu.ru/ce/stjuemcebzm-sajiaj-cku-ict-stjuemcebzm)
>. \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`el `s tmc dcst t`tic gjr tmc pnssnlc:

K^
N. Rmc Ecwcst _cvce \jebcrs jg tmc \jrib

Í
D. _jkc @etcrprctnt`jes jg _tjecmcelc

A
O. _tjecmcelc6 Kystcry neb M`stjry
B. _tjecmcelc6 T`b`ouijus Rmcjr`cs neb Gnots

P
4. Rmc wjrb ’b`tom
’b`tom‛‛ `e pnrnlrnpm 4 `s oijscst `e kcne`el tj ZZZZZZ.

Ẩ
N. lnrbce D. pjeb O. tueeci B. trceom

B
?. Noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc, wmnt mcip m`stjr`nes tcii tmc nlc jg tmc g`rst stnlc:

I
N. du`ib`el tjjis D. mukne nsmcs O. ijl pjics B. ne`kni djecs
2. Rmc wjrb ’tmcy
’tmcy‛‛ `e pnrnlrnpm 2 rcgcrs tj ZZZZZZ.
N. kystcr`cs D. pcjpic O. knom`ecs B. stjecs

O @
3. \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`el `s EJR truc noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc:
N. @e tmc g`rst ojestruot`je, tmcrc wcrc b`ll`el tjjis knbc grjk ne`kni djecs.

G
D. Jib mjics wcrc g`iicb w`tm kntcr`nis suom ns mukne nsmcs bur`el tmc scojeb pmnsc.
@
O. Rmc g`rst stnlc tjja >,288 ycnrs tj ojkpictc.
G
J
B. Mulc stjecs wcrc drjulmt dy wntcr neb onkc jvcr ineb bur`el tmc tm`rb stnlc.
B. \T@R@EL

E
@. Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`el jg tmc l`vce jecs.

>. ’\juib yju i`ac tj lj tj tmc kjv`cs w`tm us tje`lmt:‛ tmcy sn`b tj kc.

Mƨ
-5 Rmcy `ev`tcb ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.
4. Rj bj tm`s tcst wns b`gg`ouit.
E
P
-5 @t wns ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.
?. Rmc inst t`kc D`ii kct Rjk wns `e 48>8.

S
-5 D`ii mnse‐t ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.

^
2. Ks, _k`tm `s prjub jg mcr sje‐s ojetr`dut`je tj tmc piny.
-5 Ks. _k`tm `s prjub jg wmnt ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.

3. @ mnb tj oneoci tmc d`rtmbny pnrty dconusc ky lrnebkjtmcr `s scr`jusiy `ii.

ÍK
-5 @ mnb tj oneoci ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.

A
7. ’@ mnvce‐t dcce mjkc tm`s cvce`el, Knry‛ sn`b D`ii (tjib)
-5 D`ii ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.
 P
<. @ mnvce‐t scce ky s`stcr gjr 3 ycnrs (s`eoc)

Ẩ
-5 @t‐s ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.

B
=. Ky djja wns pudi`smcb inst ycnr. @t dconkc n dcst sciicr. (tmnt)

I
-5 Ky djja ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.
0. ’@‐ii p`oa yju up nt <688, Ant
Antc‛
c‛ sn`b Knra (prjk
(prjk`scb)
`scb)

@
-5 K`ac ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.
>8. Rmc dnb wns gjueb intcr. Rmc rjddcrs put tmc kjecy `e `t (`e)
-5 Rmc dnl ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.
@@. \r`tc ne cssny jg >=8 wjrbs.
G @O
G
_jkc pcjpic sny tmnt tjur`sk mns kney eclnt`vc cggcots je tmc ojuetry tmnt pcjpic trnvci tj.

J
Mjw truc `s tm`s stntckcet: \mnt one tjur`sts bj tj rcbuoc tmc mnrkgui cggcots jg tjur`sk je ijoni
ouiturcs neb cev`rjekcets:
L`vc rcnsje gjr yjur neswcr neb `eoiubc ney rcicvnet cxnkpics grjk yjur jwe cxpcr`ceoc.

E
ƨ
C. _XCNA@EL
@. Neswcr tmc qucst`jes6

>. Bj yj
yjuu ii`a
`acc trn
trnvci
vci`e
`el:
l:

EM
4. \mn
\mntt a`e
a`ebb jg pin
pinocs
ocs mn
mnvc
vc yju vv`s`
`s`tcb
tcb ``ee yjur ii`gc
`gc::
?. \mc
\mcee yju v` v`s`t
s`t eecw
cw pi
pinocs
nocs,, wmnt bj
bj yju ii`ac
`ac ttjj bj:
2. \mn
\mntt pino
pinocscs wju
wjuib ib yju i`
i`ac
ac tj v`s
v`s`t
`t `e tm
tmcc gutu
guturc:
rc: \m
\my:
y:

P
S
@@. Knac n smjrt prcscetnt`je ndjut wmnt wc smjuib bj tj k`e`k`sc tmc `egiuceoc jg tjur`sk je
tmc enturni cev`rjekcet.

^
^ucst`je >6 Ojstn T`on's ent`jeni pnras mnvc knbc `t n ocetcr gjrZZZZZZZZZZ. (RJST)

^ucst`je 46 Nt icnst >8 888 om`ibrce nrc `evjivcb `e noo`bcetni ZZZZZZZZZZ cvcry ycnr.

K
(XJ@_JE)

^ucst`je ?6 Rm`s typc jg gnrk`el `s s`kpiy ejt ZZZZZZZZZZ neykjrc. (_S_RN@E)

AÍ
^ucst`je 26 \c nrc scc`el cvcr `eorcns`el
`eorcns`el icvcis jg ZZZZZZZZZZ bclrnbnt`je.
(CEW@TJEKCER)

P
^ucst`je 36 \mnt `s smc rcniiy i`ac dcm`eb tmnt ZZZZZZZZZZ gnonbc: (OMNTK)

Ẩ
B
 I
SE@R 06 RTNWCI NEB RJST@_K

N. I@
I@_R
_RCE
CE@E
@EL L
@. Ojkpictc
Ojkpictc tmc ejtcs dcijw.
dcijw. \r`tc JEC \JTB
\JTB JT N ESKDCT
ESKDCT gjr cnom ne
neswcr.
swcr.

@
O
Oustjkcr‐s enkc6 @ljr Xctrjv
Iceltm jg mji`bny6
mji`bny6 > ……………………
……………………… …
\`ii pny up tj £ 4 ………………………

Rjib m`k ndjut ?……………………… gjr nbvneoc pnykcets

GG@
Eccbs qujtc gjr 2……………………… bur`el mji`bny
Tcqu`rcs 3……………………… je pinec
Kust omcoa `g mc eccbs n 7………………………
>. Rw
Rwj/j/ 4 wcc
4. >,<38
wccas
as

J
E
?. B`
B`so
soju
juetet
2. (tr
(trnvci
nvci)) `esurne
`esurneoc
oc

ƨ
3. Wcl
Wclctn
ctnr`n
r`ne
e kcnis
kcnis
7. W`sn

@@.Omjjsc
@@. Omjjsc tmc ojrrcot
>. Mjw ijel

N. \my
gjr n w
ojrrcot icttcr,
ijel bjcs
bjcs smc
icttcr, N, D, O jr B.
smc wnet
wnet tj

ccae‐t smc wnet

tj rcet
rcet n onr:
onr:

Dij:
M
. gjr n kjetm O. gjr n ycnr

PE
4. bjcse‐t
bjcs wnet tmc
tmc W\
W\ Xjij:
Xj
N. @t
@ t‐s tjj d`l D. @t‐s tj sknii O. @t‐s tjj m`lm
?. \my bjcs bjcse‐t
e‐t smc
smc rcet
rcet tmc
tmc Gjrb
Gjrb G`cst
G`cstn:
n:

S
N. @t‐s ejt nutjknt`o D. @t‐s ejt kneuni O. @t‐s ejt cxpces`vc
2. Mjw kuom bjcs smc g`enii g`eniiy
yppny:
ny:
N. ₩>70 D. ₩>?0 O. ₩>43

^
3. \my `s tm`stm`s omcnpc
omcnpcrr tmne
tmne tmc nbvcrt
nbvcrt`sc
`scb
b pr`oc:
pr`oc:
N. @t‐s n d`l jggcr. D. @t‐s n spco`ni jggcr. O. @t‐s n ljjb jggcr.
RTNE_OT@XR

K
(Inurn ; @tni`ne1 nss`stnet ; @r`sm)
Inurn6 @‐b i`ac tj m`rc n onr gjr n wcca, grjk ecxt Kjebny.

Í
Nss`stnet6 Ocrtn`eiy. \mnt oinss jg onr wjuib yju i`ac tj mnvc:
Inurn6 Ck, wcii. \mnt mnvc yju ljt:
Nss`stnet6 Jur Cojejky onr `s n twj-bjjr Xjij. Rmnt‐s =0 curj gjr n wcca.
Inurn6 Mkk. Rmnt‐s tjj sknii. \c nrc gjur. Bj yju mnvc neytm`el cisc:

PA
Nss`stnet6 Ecxt up `s n Ojkpnot onr. N Gjrb G`cstn. Rmc rntc gjr tmnt `s 00 curj.
Inurn6 @s tmnt ne nutjknt`o:
Nss`stnet6 Ej, `t‐s kneuni.

Ẩ
Inurn6 @ wnet ne nutjknt`o, rcniiy. \mnt nutjknt`os mnvc yju ljt:
Nss`stnet6 \c mnvc n Rjyjtn Ojrjiin. Ict kc scc … tmnt‐s >?0 curj gjr tmc wcca.

B
Inurn6 \jw. Rmnt‐s n d`l `eorcnsc.

Nss`stnet6 Pcs, wcii, `t‐s n d`llcr onr. `t‐s ne @etcrkcb`ntc oinss. Nii jur guii-s`zcb onrs nrc
nutjknt`o, tjj, dut tmcy‐rc >70 curj.
Inurn6 Jm, @ scc. I
@
Nss`stnet6 Notuniiy, wc mnvc n spco`ni jggcr je nt tmc kjkcet. @ tm`ea wc mnvc ne nutjknt`o
Ojrjiin … Pcs, gjr >43 curj.

O
Inurn6 JA. Rmnt‐s tmc jec!

D. IC
IC]
]@OJ-
@OJ- LTNK
LTNKKN
@. Knra tmc icttcr
KNT T
icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct
smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wj
wjrb
rb wmjsc ueb
@
uebcri`ecb
cri`ecb
pnrt b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

>. N. bcgjrcstnt`je D. bcpictc O. cev`rjekcet B. cerjikcet

J GG
4. N. rckjvni D. cvnpjrntc O. ojetnk`ent`je B. mnrkjey
?. N. cesurc D. sulnr O. kcnsurc B. surc

E
2. N. bconbc D. bclrnbnt`je O. vclctnt`je B. pnrt`o`pntc
3. N. ojesukpt`je D. gueot`je O. pjiiutnets B. muelcr

ƨ
@@. Knra tmc icttc
icttcrr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr
neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt
tmnt b`ggcrs grjk
tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes

M
>. N. cecrly D. g`eniiy O. mjsp`tni B. bce`ni
4. N. dcnut`gui D. ojesukpt`je O. jggces`vc B. nqunt`o
?. N. jrlne`zc
2. N. nrt`oic
3. N. ckpijycc
D. p`oturcsquc
D. omck`oni
D. ojkk`ttcc
E O. cel`eccr
O. ct`qucttc
O. rcgcrcc
B. ngtcrejje
B. Fnpnecsc
B. ndscetcc
@@@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je
tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
S P
je yjur neswcr
neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot
ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg

^
>. Rmcrc `s n ...................... wntcr dconusc `t mnse‐t rn`ecb gjr n ijel t`kc.
N. smjrtnlc D. smjrt O. smjrtcst B. smjrtcr
4. Jec jg tmc n`ks jg Lrccepcnoc `s tj .................... jg tmc cev`rjekcetni prjdicks gno`el jur pinect.

K
N. tnac rcspjes`d`i`ty D. nrjusc `etcrcst O. rn`sc ojeocre B. rn`sc nwnrcecss
?. Rmc orcnt`je jg enturc rcscrvcs w`ii mcip tj cesurc tmc .................. jg kney cebnelcrcb spco`cs.

Í
N. cxt`eot`je D. surv`vni O. ci`k`ent`je B. b`snppcnrneoc

A
2. ZZZZZZZZZZ nrc vcry nex`jus ndjut tmc gnii`el rm`ej pjpuint`je.
D. Cev`rjekcetni
N. Cev`rjekcetni`sts O. Ojescrvnt`je`sts B. Enturni`sts
not`v`t`cs

3. Cnrtm bny wns stnrtcb dy Fjme KoOjeecii `e >0<8 ns n wny tj knac pcjpic .............. tmc prjdicks

ẨP
jg tmc cev`rjekcet.
N. nttcet`je tj D. rcspjes`dic w`tm O. nwnrc jg B. nttcet`vc tj
7. Rmc mcnv`iy pjiiutcb wntcr ecnr tmc gnotjry .................. tmc sngcty jg tmc ijoni pcjpic.

B
N. cebnelcrs D. prcscrvcs O. ojetnk`entcs B. `s tmrcntcecb

I
<. Rmc mulc j`i si`oa `s kjv`el sijwiy tjwnrbs @rcineb, neb scvcrni k`ics jg ojnsti`ec
ojn sti`ec nrc uebcr
.............
N. tmrcnt D. stnac O. prcssurc B. bnknlc

@
=. Rjrenbjcs nrc vcry bnelcrjus dconusc tmcrc `s ................., neb pcjpic bj ejt mnvc kuom t`kc tj
g`eb n sngc pinoc

O
N. sknii wnre`el D. n ijt jg wnre`el O. i`ttic wnre`el B. gcw wnre`el

@
0. \c nbk`rc Iuoy gjr mcr `etcii`lceoc, omccrgui b`spjs`t`je neb ................

G
N. mjecst D. mjecsty O. mjecstiy B. mjecstcb
>8. _cvcrni ..................... nrc aejwe tj onusc oneocr tj bcvcijp.
N. omck`st D. omck`stry O. omck`oni B. omck`onis
>>. ’Rmnea yju sj kuom gjr yjur suppjrt‛ - ...........................................
N. \ciojkc! @t‐s vcry e`oc jg yju D. \cii bjec
G
O. Rmcrc `s ejtm`el @ one bj ndjut `t
>4. Gnrkcrs one cer`om tmc sj`i dy us`el ......................
N. gcrt`ic D. gcrt`i`ty O. gcrt`i`zcrs
J
B. @t‐s ky picnsurc

E B. gcrt`i`zc

ƨ
>?. _ulnr `s tmc ....................... jg mcnitmy tcctm.
N. bcstruot`je D. bcstruot`vciy O. bcstrjy`el B. bcstrjycr

M
>2. Rmc r`vcr mns dcce pjiiutcb w`tm tjx`o wnstc grjk ..................... gnotjr`cs.
N. ijoni D. ijontc O. ijoniiy B. ijoni`ty
>3. \my nrce‐t
N. Rmnt‐s wmy @ bje‐t i`ac lj`el jut
O. @ wns vcry t`rcb. Rmnt‐s wmy
E
nrce‐t yju ojk`el w`tm us : - ................................
D. @ mnvc tjj kuom nss`lekcets tj bj. @‐k sjrry
B. @ bje‐t nlrcc. @‐k ngrn`b
>7. Mciij, F`k. @ b`be‐t cxpcot tj scc yju tjbny. _je`n sn`b yju .................. `ii.
N. nrc D. wcrc O. wns B. smjuib dc

N. tjib
^
D. sn`b kc
S P
><. Rmc kne .................... tmnt mc mnb bjec tm`s dcgjrc neb tmnt mc mnb sjkc cxpcr`ceoc `e tmc g`cib.
O. tniacb
>=. N euoicnr rcnotjr rcicnscs rnb`nt`je wm`om `s .......... ..... tj tmc cev`rjekcet.
B. sn`b

K
N. bnelcrjus D. cebnelcrcb O. `e bnelcr B. bnelcr
>0. Mukne ................. mnvc ejt smjwe tmc`r `etcet`je tj i`vc `e mnrkjey w`tm tmc enturc.

Í
N. rnoc D. dc`els O. dc`el B. a`eb
48. Rmc pjjr pcjpic `e tmc o`ty ................... tcrr`dic suggcr`el ns n rcsuit jg b`snstcr

N. mnvc cxpcr`ceocb

@W. Knra tmc icttcr

A D. mnvc dcce
cxpcr`ceocb
icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr
O. cxpcr`ceoc

neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc

`eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R
kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
OIJ_C_R `e
B. mnb cxpcr`ceocb

>. Jec jg tmc kn`e nrcn jg tm`s jrlne`znt`je `s tmc sustn`endic usc jg enturni rcsjurocs.

BẨP
N. kn`etn`endic D. gjrlcttndic O. v`s`dic B. vclctndic
4. Jvcrus`el omck`oni sprnys neb gcrt`i`zcrs knacs ineb nr`b neb vclctnt`je mnrkgui tj mukne mcnitm.

N. vcry bry D. vcry wct O. stjrky B. rn`ey

I
W. Knra tmc icttc
icttcrr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr
neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s)
wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC
JXXJ_@RC `e
kcne`el tj tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Jec wny tj prjtcot
N. ojstiy
p rjtcot jur cev`rjekcet grjk pjiiut`je `s tj rcbuoc wnstcgui ojesukpt`je.
D. cxocss`vc O. sngc B. cojejk`oni
@
O
4. @g yju gjiijw nt icnst jec jg tmc t`ps, yju one dc prjub jg tna`el pnrt `e tmc prcscrvnt`je jg wntcr,

@
jec jg tmc vcry `kpjrtnet neb i`k`tcb enturni rcsjurocs je cnrtm.

G
N. scig-ojeg`bcet D. scig-snt`sg`cb O. b`sojetcet B. uepicnsnet
W@. Knra tmc icttcr
icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr
neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
`eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb
uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt
tmnt

G
eccbs ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Rmc tcnonommcr nsacb m`s stub
ubccets tj gjou
ouss je yj
yjuur tjp`o.

J
N D O B
m`s
4. \jra
\jrass wr`t
wr`t`e
`el
l dy _mna
_mnacs
cspc
pcnr
nr jgtc
jgtce
e mn
mnvc
vc ne ue
uemn
mnpp
ppyy ce
ceb`
b`el
el .
N D O B

E
wr`ttce dy
?. _tub
_tubce
cets
ts one
one ejw
ejw stuby
tuby nt mjkc
mjkc `est
estcn
cnbb jg nt tmc
tmc i`dr
i`drnr
nry
y dcon
dconus
uscc tmc @et
@etcr
crec
ectt
N D O B
dconusc jg
 ƨ
M
O. TCNB@EL
@.Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc

E
tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas.
Rrnvci nt tmc Ejrtm neb _jutm Xjics mns dcojkc ne cxpces`vc ic`surc not`v`ty, su`tndic gjr
tjur`sts jg nii nlcs. Rmc pcjpic knydc `emjsp`tndic pinocs (>) ZZZZZ tmcy nrc scc`el `eorcns`el

P
eukdcrs jg v`s`tjrs.
Neeuni g`lurcs gjr tmc Nrot`o `e Dnit`kjrc, (4) ZZZZZ tjur`sk mns cx`stcb s`eoc >0tm ocetury,
mnvc `eorcnscb grjk ndjut n k`ii`je `e cnriy >008s tj kjrc tmne >.3 k`ii`je tj bny. Rm`s `s
pnrtiy dconusc jg tmc iceltmce`el sukkcr scnsje drjulmt (?) ZZZZZ. dy oi`kntc omnelc. \mce

^S
tjur`sk mns cxpijbcb, tmc mcnitm jg tmc pjics mns (2) ZZZZZ. ’Rmc d`llcst omnelcs tna`el pinoc
`e tmc Netnrot`o nrc rcintcb tj oi`kntc omnelc‛ snys Tjb Bjwe`c, Cev`rjekcetni Knenlcr w`tm
tmc Dr`t`sm Netnrot`o _urvcy. Inrlc (3) ZZZZZ jg v`s`tjrs `eorcnsc tmcsc prjdicks.

K
Í
^ucst`je >. N. dut D. sj O. neb B. jr
^ucst`je 4. N. wmce D. wmcrc O. wm`om B. tmnt
^ucst`je ?. N. `e D. up O. bjwe B. ndjut

A
^ucst`je 2. N. bcorcnscb D. bctcrjr`ntcb O. rcfuevcentcb B. updr`el`elcb
^ucst`je 3. N. nkjuet D. ijt O. bcni B. eukdcrs

P
4. Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el
gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra
knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes.

BẨ

_tjecmcelc, jec jg tmc jibcst kystcr`cs `e tmc wjrib i`cs `e sjutmcre Celineb. Cvce tmc enkc
`s neo`cet. Rmc wjrb ’mcelc‛ ojkcs grjk Jib Celi`sm uscb jvcr n tmjusneb ycnrs nlj
nlj.. Rmc wjrb kcnet
’mnel`el,‛ sj _tjecmcelc kcnes ’mnel`el stjecs.‛ Mjwcvcr, tmc mnel`el stjecs lj dnoa kuom gurtmcr

@ I
tmne tmnt.Kjst rcocet rcscnrom mns gjueb tmnt _tjecmcelc wns du`it `e tmrcc stnlcs neb tjja nt icnst
>,288 ycnrs tj du`ib. Rmc g`rst stnlc wns stnrtcb ndjut 3,888 ycnrs nlj neb tjja 38 ycnrs tj ojkpictc.

O
@e tm`s g`rst ojestruot`je, tmc pcjpic wmj du`it _tjecmcelc bul n b`tom neb sjkc mjics. M`stjr`nes

@
dci`cvc tmcsc mjics mcib ijel wjjbce pjics. Rmcy bje‐t aejw `g tmcrc wns n rjueb du`ib`el tmcrc jr `g

G
tmc ijl pjics wcrc ojeecotcb tjlctmcr kjrc i`ac tmc stjecs tmcrc tjbny. Mjwcvcr, tmcy mnvc gjueb sjkc
b`ll`el tjjis knbc grjk ne`kni djecs tmcrc
tmc rc wm`om mns tjib tmck mjw jib tm`s stnlc `s.

Rmc scojeb stnlc instcb gjr npprjx`kntciy

G
np prjx`kntciy tmc ecxt 388 ycnrs. @e tm`s pmnsc, `t sccks tmnt sjkc

J
ecw mjics wcrc knbc neb sjkc jg tmc jib mjics wcrc g`iicb `e. Jec jg tmc kjst `etcrcst`el tm`els `s tmnt
tmc jib mjics wcrc usuniiy g`iicb w`tm duret kntcr`nis, jgtce mukne nsmcs! Rmcsc nsmcs neb jtmcr
du`ib`el tjjis mcip m`stjr`nes tcii tmc nlc jg tmc scojeb pmnsc.

Rmc g`eni pmnsc tjja tmc ijelcst t`kc1 nikjst >,888 ycnrs. _jkc jg tmc stjecs wcrc drjulmt dy

ƨE
wntcr, wm`ic jtmcrs onkc jvcr ineb. Rmcsc stjecs nrc tcrr`diy inrlc neb wjuib dc b`gg`ouit cvce gjr
kjbcre knom`ecs tj kjvc. Mjw b`b tmc neo`cet pcjpic knenlc tj kjvc tmck: Ej jec one sny gjr

M
ocrtn`e, dut `t sccks kjst i`aciy tmnt tmcy wcrc kjvcb tmrjulm s`kpic knom`ecs neb w`ii pjwcr.

Mjw tmc stjecs ljt `etj pinoc `s jeiy jec jg tmc kystcr`cs surrjueb`el _tjecmcelc. \mj du`it

E
tmc knss`vc kjeukcet: \my b`b tmcy du`ib `t: \ns `t gjr ne neo`cet rci`l`je: \ns `t n tjkd gjr n lrcnt
pcrsje: @s `t tmc lntcwny tj nejtmcr wjrib: Ej jec one neswcr
n eswcr tmcsc qucst`jes, dut
d ut tmcrc `s jec tm`el

P
pcjpic nlrcc je wmcecvcr tmcy scc `t. _tjecmcelc `s jec jg tmc kjst `kprcss`vc neo`cet kystcr`cs
neyjec mns cvcr scce.

(Nbnptcb grjk knlnz`enisu.ru/ce/stjuemcebzm-sajiaj-cku-ict-stjuemcebzm)

 S
>. \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`el `s tmc dcst t`tic gjr tmc pnssnlc:

N. Rmc Ecwcst _cvce \jebcrs jg tmc \jrib

K^
D. _jkc @etcrprctnt`jes jg _tjecmcelc

Í
O. _tjecmcelc6 Kystcry neb M`stjry

A
B. _tjecmcelc6 T`b`ouijus Rmcjr`cs neb Gnots

P
4. Rmc wjrb ’b`tom‛ `e pnrnlrnpm 4 `s oijscst `e kcne`el tj ZZZZZZ.

N. lnrbce D. pjeb O. tueeci B. trceom

Ẩ
?. Noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc, wmnt mcip m`stjr`nes tcii tmc nlc jg tmc g`rst stnlc:

N. du`ib`el tjjis D. mukne nsmcs O. ijl pjics B. ne`kni djecs

I
2. Rmc wjrb ’tmcy‛ `e pnrnlrnpm 2 rcgcrs tj ZZZZZZ.

N. kystcr`cs D. pcjpic O. knom`ecs B. stjecs

3. \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`el `s EJR truc noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc:

O @
N. @e tmc g`rst ojestruot`je, tmcrc wcrc b`ll`el tjjis knbc grjk ne`kni djecs.

D. Jib mjics wcrc g`iicb w`tm kntcr`nis suom ns mukne

mu kne nsmcs bur`el tmc scojeb p
pmnsc.
mnsc.

G @
G
O. Rmc g`rst stnlc tjja >,288 ycnrs tj ojkpictc.

B. Mulc stjecs wcrc drjulmt dy wntcr neb onkc jvcr ineb bur`el tmc tm`rb stnlc.

B. \T@R@EL
@. Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`el jg tmc l`vce jecs.J
E
>. ’\juib yju i`ac tj lj tj tmc kjv`cs w`tm us tje`lmt:‛ tmcy sn`b tj kc.

-5 Rmcy `ev`tcb ZZZZZkc tj lj tj tmc kjv`cs w`tm tmck tmnt e`lmt ZZZZZZZ.

4. Rj bj tm`s tcst wns b`gg`ouit.

-5 @t wns ZZZ b`gg`ouit tj bj tm`s tcst ZZZZZZZ.

Mƨ
E
?. Rmc inst t`kc D`ii kct Rjk wns `e 48>8.

-5 D`ii mnse‐t ZZZZZZZkct Rjk s`eoc 48>8ZZZ.

P
2. Ks, _k`tm `s prjub jg mcr sje‐s ojetr`dut`je tj tmc piny.

-5 Ks. _k`tm
S
_k`tm `s prjub jg wmnt ZZZZ mcr sje one ojetr`dutc/ ojetr`dutcb tj tmc pinyZZZZ.

3. @ mnb tj oneoci

^
one oci tmc d`rtmbny pnrty dconusc ky lrnebkjtmcr `s scr`jusiy `ii.

-5 @ mnb tj oneoci ZZZ tmc d`rtmbny pnrty dconusc jg lrnebkjtmcr‐s scr`jus `iiecss. ZZZ.

7. ’@ mnvce‐t dcce mjkc tm`s cvce`el, Knry‛ sn`b D`ii (tjib)

ÍK
-5 D`ii ZZZ tjib Knry tmnt mc mnbe‐t dcce mjkc tmnt cvce`el ZZZZZZZ.

<. @ mnvce‐t scce ky s`stcr gjr 3 ycnrs (s`eoc)

 A
P
-5 @t‐s ZZZZZ3 ycnrs s`eoc @ inst snw ky s`stcr ZZZZ.

=. Ky djja wns pudi`smcb inst ycnr. @t dconkc n dcst sciicr. (tmnt)

Ẩ
-5 Ky djja, wm`om wns pudi`smcb inst ycnr , dconkc n dcst sciicr ZZZ.

B
0. ’ @‐ii p`oa yju up nt <688, Antc‛ sn`b Knra (prjk`scb)

I
-5 K`ac ZZprjk`scb tj p`oa antc up nt <.88Z.

>8. Rmc dnb wns gjueb intcr. Rmc rjddcrs put tmc kjecy `e `t (`e)

-5 Rmc dnl ZZZZ `e wm`om tmc rjddcrs put tmc

@@. \r`tc ne cssny jg >=8 wjrbs.

tmc kjecy wns gjueb intcr ZZZZZZZ.

@
@ O
_jkc pcjpic sny tmnt tjur`sk mns kney eclnt`vc cggcots
cgg cots je tmc ojuetry tmnt pcjpic trnvci tj.

Mjw truc `s tm`s stntckcet: \mnt one tjur`sts bj tj rcbuoc tmc mnrkgui cggcots
ouiturcs neb cev`rjekcets:

G
L`vc rcnsje gjr yjur neswcr neb `eoiubc ney rcicvnet cxnkpics grjk yjur jwe cxpcr`ceoc.
G
cg gcots jg tjur`sk je ijoni

ojkpnrc- wmnt tmcy mnvc uebcri`ecb.

uebcri`ecb.
J
Tck`eb stubcets tj uebcri`ec tmc acy `bcns ns tmcy rcnb. \mce tmcy mnvc g`e`smcb, tmcy smjuib
ojkpnrc-

E
Nitcrent`uc trcnt`cet Cspco`niiy w`tm wcnacr oinsscs, `t mcip tmck tj tmỀea tmrjulm tm`s cxcro`sc. 6

ƨ
+ Nsa tmck tj i`st
i`st eclnt`vc
eclnt`vc cggcots
cggcots neb pjs`t`vc
pjs`t`vc cggcots
cggcots jg tjur`sk.
tjur`sk. Dcgjrc
Dcgjrc yju stnrt,
stnrt, ci`o`t wmy `t `s
`s n
ljjb `bcn tj tm`ea jg
j g pjs`t`vc cggcots ns wcii (dconusc tm`s qucst`je nsas 'Mjw truc `s tm`s
stntckcet:‛).

EM
+ Ci`o`t grjk tmc wmjic oinss sjkc eclnt`vc cggcots (coj tjur`sk omnelcs ijoni ouiturc, `t one ojegi`ot
w`tm ijoni ouiturc, `t rn`scs pr`ocs, `t one dc mnrkgui tj tmc cev`rjekcet, one oonusc
nusc i`ttcr, ctc.).

P
+ Ci`o`t sjkc pjs`t`vc
pjs`t`vc cggcots (c.l. tjur`sk prjv`bcs ckpijykcet, jpces up tmc ojuetry tj ecw `bcns
`bcns
ne ouiturcs,
ouiturcs, dr`els
dr`els `e kjecy, ctc.).

S
+ Nsa wmnt tjur`sts one bj tj rcbuoc tmc mnrkgui cggcots, (c.l. rcnb`el ndjut tmc pinoc dcgjrc tmcy
v`s`t, rcspcot`el ijoni ouiturc, dc`el t`Ğy, ctc.).

^
+ Lct `bcns grjk tmc wmjic oinss neb wr`tc tmck up je tmc djnrb. Ceojurnlc stubcets tj ejtc tmck
bjwe wmce tmcy bj tmc wr`t`el tnsa tmckscivcs.

+ G`eniiy, `g `t mnse't ojkc up prcv`jusiy `e tmc b`souss`je, nsa stubcets tj sullcst tm`els grjk tmc`r
jwe cxpcr`ceoc ojeecotcb w`tm tmc pj`ets yju'vc ojvcrcb `e oinss.

C. _XCNA@EL AÍK
P
@. Neswcr tmc qucst`jes6

>.
4.
Ẩ
Bj yj
yju
\mnt
u i`a
i`acc trn
\mnt a`eb
trnvci
vci`e
a`eb jg pinocs
`el:
l:
pinocs mnvc yju v`s`
v`s`tcb
tcb `e yjur i`gc:
i`gc:

B
?. \mce
\mce yju v`s`t
v`s`t ecw
ecw pinocs
pinocs,, wmnt bj
bj yju i`ac
i`ac tj
tj bj:
2. \mnt pinocs
pinocs wjuib yju i`ac
i`ac tj v`s`t
v`s`t `e tmc guturc:
guturc: \my:
 _ullcstcb neswcr
>) Bj yju
yju i`a
i`acc trnvc
trnvci`
i`el:
el: I
@
Pcs, @ bj. Rrnvcii`el fust omnelcs yjur
yju r k`eb neb rcgrcsmcs yju ngtcr tmc dusy
du sy wjra somcbuic.
\mce yju stnrt cefjy`el yjurscig gjr sjkc t`kc, yju lct omnrlcb up.

O
4) \mn
\mntt bj yju
yju bj wm`i
wm`icc yju nrc
nrc trnv
trnvci`
ci`el:
el:
\mce trnvci`el `e n onr @ fust s`t dnoa neb cefjy tmc socecry. \mce je tmc trn`e @ prcgcr siccp`el
neb `g @‐k trnvci`el
trnvci`el dy gi`lmt @ wjuib prcgcr rcnb`el n ejvci w`tm ky kus`o
kus`o je.
?) \mnt a`eb jg pinocs mnvc yju v`s`t
v`s`tcb
cb `e yjur i`gc:
i`gc:

GG@
@ mnvc v`s`tcb nikjst cvcry typc jg pinoc wmcrc pcjpic cefjy tmc`r i`gc, pinocs wmcrc pcjpic mnvc
n ijt jg jppjrtue`t`cs tj cxprcss tmc`r orcnt`v`ty,
orcnt`v`ty, neb pinocs tmnt nrc wcii aejwe gjr tmc`r
cbuont`jeni gno`i`t`cs.

J
2) \mce yjuyju v`s`t
v`s`t ecw pinocs
pinocs,, wmnt bj yju i`ac tjtj bj:
\mcecvcr @ v`s`t n pinoc, tmc g`rst tm`el @ bj `s scnrom gjr `egjrknt`je ndjut tmc m`stjry jr pnst
p nst jg
tmnt pinoc, tmce rcojrb tmc cxpcr`ceocs @ lct tmcrc. @ wr`tc ndjut wmnt @ b`b neb wmnt @ i`acb. @

E
s`kpiy fjt bjwe tmjsc kckjr`cs `e ky trnvci b`nry sj tmnt @ one rci`vc tmck wmcecvcr
wmcec vcr @ jpce neb
rcnb tmck.
3) \mnt pinocs wjuib yju yju i`ac
i`ac tj v`s`t
v`s`t `e tmc gutur
guturc:
c: \my:

ƨ
@ wjuib i`ac tj v`s`t Muc @kpcr`ni O`ty. Rmnt `s ky kjst gnvjur`tc neb bcs`rcb bcst`ent`je dconusc
jg `ts soce`o dcnuty neb nisj tmc pcjpic wmj nrc vcry lcecrjus neb swcct.

enturni cev`rjekcet.
M
@@. Knac n smjrt prcscetnt`je ndjut wmnt wc smjuib bj tj k`e`k`sc tmc `egiuceoc jg tjur`sk
tjur`sk je tmc

\JTB GJTK6

P E
^ucst`je >6 Ojstn T`on's ent`jeni pnras mnvc knbc `t n ocetcr gjr cojtjur`sk . (RJST)

S
^ucst`je 46 Nt icnst >8 888 om`ibrce nrc `evjivcb `e noo`bcetni pj`sje`els cvcry ycnr. (XJ@_JE)
^ucst`je ?6 Rm`s typc jg gnrk`el `s s`kpiy ejt sustn`endic neykjrc. (_S_RN@E)

^
^ucst`je 26 \c nrc scc`el cvcr `eorcns`el icvcis jg cev`rjekcetni bclrnbnt`je.
(CEW@TJEKCER)
^ucst`je 36 \mnt `s smc rcniiy i`ac dcm`eb tmnt omnrk`el gnonbc: (OMNTK)

K
Í
P A
Ẩ
B
SE@R >86 EC\ \NP_ RJ ICNTE
N6 WJONDSINTP
Ej Ecw wjrbs Rrnesor`pt Kcne`el
Icssje >
 I
>. Notuni (n) /ˍçatʏuɐi/ tmỾo sỾ
4. Npp /çp/ Ỡel bợel
Nppi`ont`je /ˉçpiɦˍacɦʏe/
?. Nrt`g`o`ni (n) /ˉɞ˘tɦˍgɦʏi/ Emäe tẮj

@
Nrt`g`o`ni `etcii`lceoc (e) /ˉɞ˘tɦˍgɦʏi/ /ɦeˍtciɦbʔɐes/ Rrë tmòel k`em emäe tẮj
2. C-icnre`el

O
Guturjijl`st /ˉgfu˘tʏɐˍrɔiɐbʔɦst/ Emè elm`
m`ææe oỠu tƸƮel in`
(n pcrsje wmj `s ne cxpcrt `e tmc
stuby jg mjw pcjpic w`ii i`vc `e

@etcrnot`vc (n) /ˉɦetɐrˍçatɦv/ tmc

Kneguturc)
l tëem tƸƮel tîo
@etcrnot`vc wm`tcdjnrb
(e)
/ˉ
/ˉɦe
ɦetɐ
tɐrˍ
rˍça
çatɦ
tɦv/
v//ˍ
/ˍwn
wnɦt
ɦtdɒ
dɒ˘b
˘b// Dắel
GG@
Dắel tƸƮe
tƸƮell tî
tîoo tm
tmòe
òell k`em
k`em

J
Xrcb`ot`je (e) /prɦˍbɦaʏe/ _Ỿ bỾ Ğjîe
Tcnsjendic (n) /ˍr`˘zeɐdi/ Mữp ië
Tjdjt (e) /ˍrɐʆdɔt/ Tò dỞt

E
Rjuomsorcce (e) /ˍtʉtʏsar`˘e/ Kèe méem oắk Ỡel
W`rt
W`rtun
unii oins
oinssr
srj
jjk (e) /ˍ
/ˍvə
və˘˘tʏ
tʏuɐ
uɐii/ /ˍa
ˍaiɞ
iɞ˘s
˘sru
ru˘k
˘k// Iốp
Iốp mịo
mịo ắj
Icssje 4

ƨ
Ojkkue`ont`je (e) /aɐˉkfu˘eɦˍacɦʏe/ _Ỿ l`nj t`Ẻp
Ojkpicx (n) /ˍaɔkpicas/ XmỠo tẮp, rẪo rỞ`
Orcnt`v`ty (e) /ˉar`˘cɦˍtɦvɐt`/ Rëem sîel tẮj
Gicx`dic (n) /ˍgicasɐdi/ I`em mjẮt
Xrjdicksjiv`el (e) /ˍprɔdiɐk sɔivɦŁ/ L`ắ` quyẺt vảe ĞỎ

E M
Rcnkwjra (e) /ˍt`˘kwə˘a/ _Ỿ ièk v`Ọo emÿk
Icssje ?

P
Noojuet (e) /ɐˍanʆet/ Rè` amjắe
Giucet (n) /ˍgiu˘ɐet/ IƸu ijît

S
Ent`vc (n) /ˍecɦtɦv/ Dắe xỠ, dắe Ğền

D6 C]XTC__@JE_

>.
Ej Ecw wjrbs
Nttnom tj sd/stm
Dc nttnomcb tj stm ^ Rrnesor`pt
/ɐˍtçtʏ/
Kcne`el
I`æe qune/ĞƸữo lẪe vố` n`/oî` lé
ĘƸữo lẪe vố` oî` lé

K
4. Ojeecot tj sjkctm`el /aɐˍecat/ AẺt eỞ` vố` oî` lé
(tj fj`e n ojkputcr jr n kjd`ic bcv`oc tj
tmc `etcrect jr tj n ojkputcr ectwjra)
Ojeecot w`tm sjkcdjby I`æe iẮo vố` n`

AÍ
(tj gjrk n ljjb rcint`jesm`p w`tm sjkcdjby
sj tmnt yju i`ac neb uebcrstneb cnom jtmcr)
O6 LTNKKNT

P
N. RƪƨEL IN@ ĘƨE WÈ RƪƨEL IN@ LầE
_J _ÎEM "\@II" WÈ "DC LJ@EL RJ"

Ẩ
>. BẮel tmỠo oỬn ĞỐel tỡ
BẮel tmỠo
tmỠo oỬn ĞỐel tỡ tmƸớel
tmƸớel vố` w`ii
w`ii vè dc lj`
lj`el
el tj
\`ii6

B Dc lj`el tj6
_ + w`ii + W

_ + nk/`s/nrc + lj`el tj + W
Cx6 _mc w`ii
w`ii cn
cntt icss
icss gnst
gnst gjjb.
gjjb.
Oò ảy sẻ mẮe omẺ ďe Ğở ďe emnem.

\c nrctò`
Omöel lj`el tj try
sẻ tmừ i`Ọunrjkntmcrnpy.
pmîp trề i`Ọu dẾel t`em bẬu tmƮk.
4. Oîom bðel
v Amîo d`Ọt >

I
\`i6 b`ểe tắ quyẺt Ğềem tỠo tmớ` ĞƸn rn elny tẮ` tmớ` Ğ`ỏk eÿ` vỎ sỾ v`Ọo trjel tƸƮel in`.
Dc lj`el tj6 b`ểe tắ bỾ Ğềem, quyẺt Ğềem oÿ sẳe trƸốo tmớ` Ğ`ỏk eÿ` vỎ sỾ v`Ọo trjel tƸƮel in`.
Cx6 _jkcjec's onii`el. - JA. @'ii neswcr `t.
 Oÿ n` Ğnel lị` aén. ĘƸữo rở`. Ck sẻ Ğ` trắ iớ`.

@
@t's Neby's d`rtmbny tjkjrrjw. - @ aejw. @'k lj`el tj dr`el sjkc
s jkc onacs.
Elèy kn` iè s`em emẫt Neby Ğảy. - Rố d`Ẻt kè. Rố sẻ knel kỐt ët dîem ĞẺe.

O
v Amîo d`Ọt 4

@
\`ii Dc lj`el tj
OmỠo eďel b`ểe ĞẮt6 BỾ Ğjîe vỎ tƸƮel in` bỾn træe OmỠo eďel b`ểe ĞẮt6 BỾ Ğjîe vỎ tƸƮel in` bỾn træe
qune Ğ`ỏk oî emäe oỬn elƸớ` eÿ` oƮ sỚ, bảu m`Ọu tmỾo tẺ Ớ tmớ` Ğ`ỏk m`Ọe tẮ`
Bảu m`Ọu emẫe d`Ẻt6 tm`ea
tm` ea , mjpc, lucss, @'k ngrn`b, Bảu m`Ọu emẫe d`Ẻt6
prjdndiy, pcrmnps, knydc Ijja nt tmclrcy oijubs! (Mïy emée emỪel Ğîk käy

G G
Ğce aén!)

J
\c jeiy mnvc g`vc k`eutcs icgt. (Omöel kéem omỀ oôe
oÿ 3 pmöt eỪn tmò`.)
Wë bợ6 @ tm`ea mc'ii lj tj tmc lyk. Wë bợ6 \c jeiy mnvc g`vc k`eutcs icgt. \c nrc lj`el
(Rố elmĠ nem ảy sẻ ĞẺe pmôel tẫp.) tj dc intc gjr tmc kcct`el. (Omöel tn omỀ oôe 3 pmöt

E
One yju lucss wmj w`ii dc tmc w`eecr: eỪn tmò`. Omöel tn sẻ dề kuỐe mịp.)
(Oẫu oÿ Ğjîe ĞƸữo n` sẻ iè elƸớ` om`Ẻe tmẪel Ijja nt tmc ijel qucuc. \c nrc lj`el tj wn`t gjr

ƨ
amòel:) mjurs. (Emée mèel bè` aén. Omöel kéem sẻ pmắ` Ğữ`
@‐k ngrn`b mc wje't ojkc. em`Ỏu l`ớ Ğởel mở rở`.)

M
(Rò` c rẾel nem ảy sẻ amòel ĞẺe.)
EmỪel oảu tröo d`ỏu ĞẮt elmĠn tƸƮel in`6
>. dc tj + Dnrc `eg`e`t`vc 6 AẺ mjẮom knel tëem omảt trnel trịel, sỾ xẪp xẺp
Cl6 Rmc prcs`bcet `s tj kcct tmc pr`kc k`e`stcr tjkjrrjw
4. dc ndjut tj + W`eg6 sẪp sừn/omuẠe dề xắy rn

E
Cl6 Murry up! Rmc trn`e `s` s ndjut tj icnvc

P
dc buc tj + W`eg 6 ĞƸữo kjel omớ/Ğữ`
Cl6 Jur g`ilmt `s buc tj tnac jgg nt <.88 dut tmcrc k`lmt dc n bciny

S
dc je tmc vcrlc/pj`et/dr`ea jg6 oÿ tmỏ sẻ xắy rn sốk
s ốk
Cl6 _o`cet`sts nrc je tmc vcrlc jg g`eb`el n ourc gjr N@B_

I@_RCE@EL6
^
@. Ojkpictc tmc ejtcs dcijw. \r`tc JEC \JTB JT N ESKDCT gjr cnom neswcr
>. Rmc `bcn jg pcjpic tna`el n b`l`tni (>) ZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZ `s dcojk`el kjrc neb kjrc pjpuinr, cspco`niiy
cspco`niiy

K
nkjelst yjuel pcjpic
4. Nknebn spcebs nt icnst (4) ZZZZZZZZZmjurs lj`el jei`ec.
?. Ngtcr rcnb`el Ijl Jgg6 Mjw tj _tny (?) ZZZZZZZZZ ngtcr B`sojeecot`el wr`ttce dy Dinac _ejw, Nknebn mns
ZZZZZZZZZngtcr
ljt ljjb nbv`oc neb stnrtcb w`tm rckjv`el b`strnot`je.
2. Ijja`el nt mcr pmjec kjst jg tmc t`kcs tj nvj`b jr `lejrc sjkctm`el cisc mnppce`el r`lmt `e grjet jg

AÍ
Nknebn wns ne (2) ZZZZZZZZZ mnd`t.
3. Nt g`rst, Nknebn gcit n i`ttic d`t sonry dut `t turecb jut tj dc n prctty (3) ZZZZZZZZZcxpcr`ceoc.

@@. Omjjsc
P
Omjjsc tmc ojrrcot
ojrrcot icttcr, N, D, O jr B.

Ẩ
Xcjpic nrc mnv`el prjdicks us`el tmcsc lnblcts jr knom`ecs. \mnt `s tmc prjdick w`tm cnom jec:
I`stce neb o`roic tmc ojrrcot neswcr.
>. B`l`tni onkcrn

B
N. Mc gjrljt tj ture `t je. D. @t eccbs
eccbs kjrc g`ik. O. Rmc kckjry
kckjry `s guii.
4. Ginsmi`lmt
N. Rmc duid `s drjace.
drjace. D. Rmc dnttcr`cs
dnttcr`cs nrc bcnb. O. @t‐s tjj b`rty.
?. T`oc ojjacr
N. Mc pusmcb tmc wrjel duttje.
duttje. D. Mc put `e tjj kuom r`oc. O. Mc put `e tjj kuom wntcr.
2. OB pinycr

N. Rmc OB `s tjj b`rty. D. Mc b`be‐t put `e n OB. O. Rmc vjiukc `s tjj ijw.
ijw.
3. B`smwnsmcr
N. _mc b`be‐t r`esc tmc b`smcs g`rst. D. _mc put `e tjj kuom sjnp. O. _mc put `e tjj kney b`smcs.

IC]@OJ
IC]@OJ-- LTN
LTNKKN
KKNT
T
@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc uebcri`ecb pnrt
b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. N. v`rtuni D. pr`vntc O. t`by B. bco`s`vc I
@
4. N. nbvneocb D. `etcrnot`vc O. nrt`g`o`ni B. gnsm`jendic
?. N. sorcce D. kcne O. nlrcckcet B. cel`eccr
2. N. ci
cico
cotr
trje
je`o
`o D. cqu`
cqu`pk
pkce cett O. tc
tcic
icso
sojp
jpcc B. no
nonb
nbck
ck`o`o
3. N. vnr`cty
Xnrt 26 _trcss
D. orcnt`v`ty O. ent`vc B. `egjrknt`je

@@.Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs grjk tmc jtmcr
@ O
tmrcc `e tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes

J GG
>. N. upbntc D. cxomnelc O. prnot`oc B. bjweijnb
4. N. bcv`oc D. gueot`je O. knom`ec B. onkpn`le
?. N. pnsswjrb D. tcnkwjra O. rjdjt B. noojuet
2. N. ojkkue`ty D. orcnt`v`ty O. s`tunt`je B. cetcrtn`ekcet
3. N. uebcrstneb D. rcojkkceb O. bctcrk`ec B. `etrjbuoc

@@@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr

E
nesw cr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom
c nom jg tmc

ƨ
gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Rmc say mns ljec rcniiy bnra. Rmcrc ................dc................dc n stjrk.

M
N. nrc lj`el tj D. `s lj`el tj O. w`ii B. `s
4. ..............................i
..............................icnre`el
cnre`el rcgcrs tj icnre`el tmrjulm ojkp ojkputcrs
utcrs neb tmc `etcrect, `es`bc ns wcii ns
juts`bc tmc gno`i`t`cs prjv`bcb dy tmc cbuont`jeni jrlne`znt`je.
N. b`stneoc D. trnb`t`jeni O. v`rtuni B. notuni

?. Rmc uebcrwntcr
N. bcpcebnddrcntm`el
ic bcv`ocD`se‐t . cicoZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ,
tr`oni O. cs`eoc
icotr`t‐s
je`otmc s`zc jgBn. mjrsc.
mprjrsc.
not`oni

PE
2. Je tmc wcd yju one rcnb .................ecwspnpcrs
.................ecwspnpcrs jr knlnz`ecs1 yju one wntom v`bcjs, bjweijnb kus`o jr
duy neytm`el.

S
N. v`rtuni D. jei`ec O. pr`etcb B. jggi`ec
3. Dcs`bcs pr`etcb djjas ns tcxt djjas, tcxtdjja pudi`smcrs nisj mnvc kney icnre`el ....................j ....................je
e tmc

^
ecw pintgjrks.
N. npps D. nppi`ont`je O. nppi`onets B. nppiy
7. Xcjpic `e rurni neb rckjtc nrcns st`ii mnvc b`gg`ouit ln`e`el ..................... noocss tj n dcttcr mcnitm onrc.
N. bj`el D. ln`e`el O. tna`el B. kna`el

K
<. Rmc `bcn jg i`v`el je tmc kjje oicnriy nppcnis ................n ijt jg pcjpic.
N. w`tm D. tj O. je B. gjr
=. @e tmc nlc jg tcomejijly, yju one ..............nbvnetnlc jg ecw nppi`ont`jes wm`om nrc vcry uscgui gjr
icnre`el Celi`sm.
N. knac D. mnvc O. tnac B. lct
0. I`ac jtmcr pcjpic, om`ibrce nisj mnvc lrcntiy dcecg`tcb ................... kjbcr kjbcree tcomejijly.

A Í
N. jg D. grjk O. `e B. w`tm

P
>8. Rcnomcrs one nisj mcip tmc`r stubcets tj icnre ojkpi`ontcb nppi`ont`jes je cicotrje`o bcv`ocs ns n
wny jg kna`el `t cns`cr ................. stubcets tj icnre neb nisj knac tmc tcnomcr's fjd cns`cr.

Ẩ
N. w`tm D. tj O. dy B. gjr
>> . "Mjw bj yju usc tmc @etcrect gjr yjur stuby:" ‟ ’ZZZZ‛
N. surg`el tmc @etcrect
@etcrect tj sc scnrom
nrom gjr `egjrknt`je
`egjrknt`je D. \ntom`el ky gnvjr`tc onrtjjes onrtjjes

B
O. I`stce`el tj kus`o B. Accp`el ojetnots w`tm ky gr`cebs
>4. N6 @t's rcniiy mjt `e mcrc.
D6 @ ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ put je tmc n`r-ojeb`t`je`el
N. nk lj`el tj D. w`ii O. wjuib B. mnvc
>?. ’ZZZZ‛ - "Ej, `t's nii rcpcnts nln`e. \my one't tmcy knac sjkc ecw prjlrnks gjr n omnelc:‛
N. @s tmcrc neytm`el wjrtm wntom`el je tmc tciiy tje`lmt:

D. \mnt's je RW tje`lmt:
O. \mnt's up tje`lmt je RW:
B. @s tmcrc n prjlrnk je tj wntom tje`lmt:
>2. N6 \my nrc yju wcnr`el yjur dcst su`t:

I
D6 @ ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ iueom w`tm ky d`llcst oustjkcr.
N. wjuib mnvc D. w`ii mnvc O. nk mnv`el B. mnvc mnb
>3. Nt tmc snkc t`kc, cicnre`el wns kjv`el ................ kn`estrcnk dus`ecss ns n v`ndic kctmjb jg
bci`vcr`el trn`e`el jei`ec.

@
N. gjr D. tj O. `etj B. nt
>7. Rmc ....................wcntmcr
....................wcntmcr `e tmc kjuetn`es one knac oi`kd`el cxtrckciy mnznrbjus.

O
N. prcb`ot`je D. prcb`otcb O. prcb`otndic B. ueprcb`ot `otndic

@
><. Rmcsc bcv`ocs niijw tmc rjdjt tj pmys`oniiy ....................... w`tm `ts cev`rjekcet.
N. `etcrnot D. `etcrnot`vc O. `etcrnot`je B. `etcrnot`vciy
>=. @g @ mnb aejwe tm`s jei`ec ojursc gjr icnre`el Celi`sm wjuib mnvc .................i`a
.................i`acc tm`s, @ ecvcr wjuib
mnvc nttckptcb tj rcl`stcr `t.
 N. turecb je D. turecb jut
>0. N knfjr`ty jg tmck nrc `e ojuetr`cs
O. turecb up G
B. turecb bjwe
o juetr`cs wmcrc tmcy mnvc bn`iy ojetnot ............. rjdjts `e vnr`jus `ebustr`cs

JG
jr dus`ecsscs
N. je D. `e O. tj B. w`tm
48. Rmc jib jgtce mnvc
m nvc b`gg`ouity .................icnre`el
.................icnre`el mjw tj usc cicotrje`o bcv`ocs.
N. gjr D. `e O. grjk B. ndjut

E
@W. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el tj tmc

ƨ
uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Ns yju noocss tmc lntc, yju w`ii scc ne nppic jromnrb je tmc icgtmneb s`bc.

M
N. nsscss D. npprjnom O. ejt`gy B. nvj`b
4. Nppic icnbs tmc b`l`tni kus`o rcvjiut`je w`tm `ts `Xjbs neb `Ruecs jei`ec stjrc.
N. jei`e
ei`ecc D. cic
icot
otrr`o O. ojkp
ojkpututcr
cr-d
-dns
nsccb B. kjb
kjbcr
cre`
e`zc
zcb
b

W. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC `e kcne`el tj
tmc uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

P E
>. Rmc inac `s nrt`g`o`ni, dut jvcr tmc inst bconbc `t mns bcvcijpcb `ts jwe tmr`v`el cojsytck.
N. i`g
`gccic
icss
ssss D. tjx`o
jx`o O. entu
enturn
rnii B. uep
uepjpui
jpuinnr

S
4. Tuss`ne `s n ojkpicx inelunlc rcqu`r`el kney ycnrs jg stuby tj knstcr.
N. gjrc`le D. s`kpic O. ojkpjueb B. ndstrnot

^
W@. Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs
ojrrcot`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Ns pineecb, @ w`ii lj tj @eb`n `e ecxt _uebny tj fj`e n ojursc ndjut ojkput`el mcrc.

K
N. w`ii lj D. Ns pineecb O. fj`e B. ojkput`el
4. Rmc usc jg cicotrje`o bcv`ocs neb rcsjurocs `e tmc oinssrjjk
oinssrjjk `s n pnrt jg tmc bn`iy not`jes gjr icoturcrs

Í
neb stubcets.
N. cicotrje`o D. not`jes O. rcsjurocs B. pnrt
?. Cicotrje`o bcv`ocs nrc dcojk`el `eorcns`el ojkkje `e cbuont`jeni cev`rjekcet.
N. cev`rjekcet D. cbuont`jeni O. `eorcns`el B. bcv`ocs

PA
W@@. Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr
pmrnsc tmnt dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas.

Ẩ
B`l`tni icnre`el `s rcpino`el trnb`t`jeni cbuont`jeni kctmjbs kjrc neb kjrc cnom bny. \`tm (>)
ZZZZ rnp`biy oinssrjjks nrc omnel`el, `t `s dcst tj gjrlct kctmjbs yju kny rckckdcr grjk wmce yju
wcrc `e somjji neb stnrt tm`ea`el ndjut ecwcr tcnom`el neb icnre`el tcome`qucs dnscb (4) ZZZZ b`l`tni

B
icnre`el tjjis neb tcomejijl`cs. Rmc `eoius`je jg b`l`tni icnre`el `e tmc oinssrjjks one (?) ZZZZ grjk
s`kpiy us`el tndicts `estcnb jg pnpcr tj us`el cindjrntc sjgtwnrc prjlrnks neb cqu`pkcet ns jppjscb
tj tmc s`kpic pce.
Rm`s ojuib cetn`i us`el s`tcs, scrv`ocs, prjlrnks, tcnom`el tjjis, neb (2) ZZZZi`ac stuby n`bs du`it
gjr nt-mjkc usc. Cvce sjo`ni ectwjras neb ojkkue`ont`jes pintgjrks one dc uscb tj orcntc neb knenlc
b`l`tni nss`lekcets neb nlcebns. @rrcspcot`vc jg mjw kuom tcomejijly `s `etclrntcb `etj tmc oinssrjjk,

b`l`tni icnre`el mns ojkc tj (3) ZZZZ n oruo`ni rjic `e cbuont`je. @t ckpjwcrs stubcets dy lctt`el tmck tj
dc kjrc `etcrcstcb `e icnre`el neb cxpneb`el tmc`r mjr`zjes.
>. N. wmnt D. mjw O. tmnt B. wmy
4. N. dy D. `e O. je B. gjr

I
?. N. bcvcijp D. b`ggcr O. vnry B. ojkc
2. N. tc
tcom
omej
ejij
ijl`
l`cs
cs D. tc
tcom
omej
ejij
ijl`
l`on
onii O. tcom
tcomej
ejij
ijly
ly B. tcom
tcome`
e`o`
o`ne
ne
3. N. bj D. not O. tnac B. piny

@
W@@@. Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc
tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes

O
Se`vcrs`ty jg K`nk` sjpmjkjrc Fnoa Dtcsm wn`ts gjr m`s Xrc-oniouius oinss tj dcl`e w`tm m`s

@
KnoDjja inptjp `e grjet jg m`k neb m`s `Xmjec `e mneb. Rmc k`eutc oinss dcl`es, mc oijscs tmc inptjp dut
mc oneejt mcip dut accp ne cyc je m`s tcxts. ’Ss`el cicotrje`o bcv`ocs `s jur i`vcs,‛ mc sn`b jec rcocet

G
kjre`el. ’@ wje‐t neswcr tmc tcxt bur`el oinss, dut @ bj omcoa `t fust `e onsc `t `s `kpjrtnet.‛ M`s
`estruotjr _crl`j Mcrenebcz, n icoturcr `e tmc kntm bcpnrtkcet, sn`b tmnt ictt`el tmc stubcets usc
cicotrje`o bcv`ocs `s sjkctm`el mc ’tjicrntcs. Ngtcr nii, tmcy nrc nbuits.‛
Ss`el kjbcre tcomejijly, spco`g`oniiy inptjps, tndicts neb `Xmjecs `e tmc oinssrjjk `s n b`ocy
`ssuc je kney ue`vcrs`ty onkpuscs. Nt SK cnom gnouity kckdcr rcscrvcs tmc r`lmt tj dne suom bcv`ocs
 JG
grjk tmc`r oinssrjjks neb tmcy jgtce bj sj, `eoiub`el pji`oy `e tmc`r syiindus ns n ojeb`t`je gjr
pnrt`o`pnt`je. Nt n t`kc `e wm`om rcocet stub`cs smjw tmnt yjuel pcjpic nrc nbb`otcb tj tmc`r `Xmjecs
neb n ojkpney oniicb Pjebr omnrlcs n gcc tj ijoa nwny tmc bcv`oc neb prjv`bc n ’bcv`oc grcc‛ mjur jr

E
twj, tmc usc jg tmcsc bcv`ocs mns ojkc uebcr sorut`ey.
’@ jeiy niijw ocii pmjecs jr ojkputcrs `e tmc oinssrjjk `g wc mnvc n spco`g`o `e-oinss not`v`ty tmnt

ƨ
rcqu`rcs `t,‛ sn`b E`en K`v`iic, nss`stnet prjgcssjr `e prnot`oc `e tmc @ebustr`ni Cel`eccr`el bcpnrtkcet nt
tmc Ojiiclc jg Cel`eccr`el. ’Jtmcrw`sc, tmcy nrc ejt niijwcb tj usc `t.‛

M
Rmc dcecg`ts jg tcomejijly, v`n inptjps neb `Xmjecs, `s uebce`ndic. Tcscnrom one dc
`estnetnecjus, noocss tj jei`ec icnre`el pintgjrks suom ns Rjp Mnt one niijw prjgcssjrs tj nbk`e`stcr
qu`zzcs tj stubcet bcv`ocs b`rcotiy, prjfcot v`bcjs neb lrnpms neb ojebuot pjii`el gjr ojiicot`vc icnre`el.

E
@etclrntcb tcomejijly one cemneoc tmc oinssrjjk cxpcr`ceoc bcpceb`el je mjw tmc `estruotjrs usc tmc
tcomejijly, sn`b Niine Lyjrac, nssjo`ntc v`oc prcs`bcet gjr @egjrknt`je Rcomejijly neb nss`stnet prjvjst
gjr Cbuont`jeni @eejvnt`je. ’Gjr cxnkpic, `e n wr`t`el ojursc, gnouity ojuib mnvc stubcets dr`el `e tmc`r
inptjps tj bj wr`t`el neb cb`t`el bur`el oinss t`kc,‛ Lyjrac sn`b. ’@e ne nrom`tcoturc ojursc, stubcets

P
ojuib dr`el tmc`r inptjps tj wjra je ONB (Ojkputcr N`bcb Bcs`le) brnw`els jr smjw tmc`r ?B rcebcrcb

S
socecs tj jtmcr stubcets. @e tmcsc onscs, tcomejijly `s ne `etclrni pnrt jg tmc orcnt`je prjocss neb
npprjpr`ntc gjr tmnt rcnsje.‛

^
Dut kney prjgcssjrs cxpcr`ceoc tmc bjwes`bc jg niijw`el cicotrje`o bcv`ocs, cspco`niiy `e inrlc
oinsscs, wmcrc kney stubcets try tj m`bc tmc`r `Xmjec je tmc`r inp jr jpce tmc`r inptjps tj s`tcs tmnt mnvc
ej t`c tj tmc oinssrjjk wjra neb orcntc n b`strnot`je tj tmckscivcs neb jtmcrs.’@ mnvc stjppcb niijw`el
inptjps neb tndics neb `Xmjecs `e oinss,‛ sn`b _nk Rcr`ii`, nssjo`ntc prjgcssjr nt tmc _omjji jg

K
Ojkkue`ont`je. ’@ `es`st je ky gnvjr`tc tcomejijly gjr ejtctna`el…pnpcrs, pces neb pceo`is.‛
(sjurocs6 ecws.k`nk`.cbu)

Í
>. \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`el `s tmc dcst t`tic jg tmc pnssnlc:
N. Rmc dcecg`ts jg us`el cicotrje`o bcv`ocs `e tmc oinss
D. Ss`el cicotrje`o bcv`ocs `e oinssrjjk6 mcip jr m`m`ebrneoc
ebrneoc
O. Rmc b`snbvnetnlc jg niijw`el cicotrje`o bcv`ocs `e oinssrjjk
B. _tubcets smjuib dc niijwcb tj usc kjbcre tcomejijly `e icnre`el

PA
4. Rmc pmrnsc ’nbb`otcb " `e pnrnlrnpm 4 `s oijscst `e kcne`el tj ZZZZ.
N. `eb`ggcrcet D. mjjacb O. rci`ndic B. nttrnot`vc

Ẩ
?. \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`el `egjrknt`je `s RTSC noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc:
N. Pjebr niijws stubcets tj usc @pmjecs w`tm n sknii gcc
D. Nss`stnet prjgcssjr, E`en K`v`iic niijws ocii pmjecs jr ojkputcrs `e tmc oinssrjjk

B
O. @e nrt ojursc, stubcets one usc tmc`r inptjp gjr brnw`els
B. @t `s n r`say `ssuc `g cicotrje`o bcv`ocs suom ns inptjps jr tndicts nrc niijwcb tj usc `e tmc
oinssrjjk
2. Rmc pmrnsc ’sorut`ey " `e pnrnlrnpm 4 `s oijscst `e kcne`el tj ZZZZ.
N. `e
`evvcs
cst`
t`ln
lnt`
t`j
je D. pr
prcs
cssu
surc
rc O. b`gg`
`gg`ou
ouit
ityy B. b`s
`sou
ouss
ss`j
`je
e
3. Rmc wjrb ’`t" `e pnrnlrnpm > rcgcrs tj wm`om jg tmc gjiijw`el:

N. rcocet kjre`el D. tmc tcxt O. tmc oinss B. omcoa`el kcssnlcs

\T@R@EL
@. Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`el jg tmc l`vce jecs.
>. Mcr dndy w`ii dc djre `e Jotjdcr. (`s)

I
_mc..............................
_mc.............. ................................
................................
.................................
.......................................
......................................
................................
...............................
...............
4. Rmc R`lcrs nrc i`aciy tj w`e tmc Oup G`eni. (prjdndiy)
Rmc R`lcrs..............................
R`lcrs..............................................
................................
................................
.................................
.................................
................................
.......................
.......

@
?. Sei`ac trnb`t`jeni icnre`el, tmc c-icnre`el `s gicx`dic gjr tmc stubcets ns wcii ns gjr tmc tcnomcrs. (tmne)
Rmc c-icnre`el........................
c-icnre`el........................................
.................................
.................................
................................
................................
......................................
...........................
.....

O
2. Rcxtdjjas one't prjv`bc stubcets w`tm tmc intcst `egjrknt`je ns n kjd`ic bcv`oc one. (ns)

@
Rcxtdjjas ..............................
...............................................
.................................
................................
................................
.................................
.......................................
..........................
3. \c mnvc nrrnelcb tj icnvc dy trn`e tjkjrrjw kjre`el. (nrc)

G
\c ...............................
...............................................
.................................
.................................
................................
................................
......................................
......................................
................
7. Ky `etcet`je wns tj pmjec yju inst e`lmt dut @ gjrljt. (wns)

G
@..............................
@..............................................
................................
................................
.................................
.................................
................................
................
<. Noojrb`el tj tmc t`kctndic, tmc`r pinec nrr`vcs nt 2. 33.(buc)
Rmc`r pinec.........................
pinec.........................................
.................................
.................................
................................
................................
................................
................
=. Rmc prjlrnkkc yju wnet tj wntom stnrts `e jec k`eutc, sj ojkc `e neb s` s`tt bjwe. (ndjut)

J
Rmc prjlrnkkc.....................
prjlrnkkc.....................................................................
.................................
.................................
................................
................
0. Rmcy mnb nrrnelcb tj lct knrr`cb inst kjetm dut tmcy mnb tj oneoci `t. (lj`el)
Rmcy.............................
Rmcy............. ................................
................................
.................................
......................................
......................................
................................
...............
>8. \mce `s yjur ecxt bjotjr‐s nppj`etkcet: (buc)
E
ƨ
\mce nrc yju ................................
................................................
.................................
.................................
................................
................................
....................

@@. \r`t`el ne cssny

’_mjuib stubcets dc niijwcb tj usc cicotrje`os `e tmc oinssrjjk:‛
Rj wmnt cxtcet bj yju nlrcc jr b`snlrcc w`tm tmc ndjvc stntckcet:
M
E
\r`tc ne cssny w`tm`e >=8 wjrbs tj cxprcss yjur jp`e`je.

_XCNA@EL
@. Neswcr tmc qucst`jes
^ucst`je >6- Bj yju usc n ojkputcr vcry kuom:

SP
^ucst`je 46- \mce bj yju usc n ojkputcr:
^ucst`je ?6- \mnt bj yju usc tmc ojkputcr gjr:

^
^ucst`je 26- \mnt wns yjur `kprcss`je wmce yju uscb n ojkputcr tmc g`rst t`kc:
^ucst`je 36- Mjw b`b yju icnre tj usc n ojkputcr:
^ucst`je 76- Mnvc ojkputcrs omnelcb yjur i`gc `e ney wny (`g ycs, Mjw:):
^ucst`je <6- Nrc ojkputcrs uscb kuom `e yjur ojuetry:

K
^ucst`je =6- Bj yju tm`ea ojkputcrs nrc uscgui `e cvcrybny i`gc (mjw):
^ucst`je 06- Ojkputcrs nrc ejw uscb n ijt `e cbuont`je. \mnt bj yju tm`ea jg tm`s:

Í
^ucst`je >86- Bj yju piny ojkputcr lnkcs:
lnkcs:

A
@@. Knac n prcscetnt`je ndjut n tjp`o6
’Rmc dcecg`ts neb brnwdnoas jg us`el cicotrje`o bcv`ocs `e tmc oinssrjjk‛

\JTB GJTK6

P
^ucst`je >6 \c mnvc rcoc`vcb ZZZZZZZZZZZ grjk kjrc tmne ? 888 stubcets. (NXXIP)

Ẩ
^ucst`je 46 Kney ZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZ sny tmnt tmc ojuetry
ojuetry w`ii
w`ii ejt mnvc
mnvc tmc rcsjurocs
rcsjurocs `e 48- jr ?8-ycnrs
?8-ycnrs t`kc tj
kn`etn`e `ts prcscet m`lm stnebnrbs. (GSRSTC)
^ucst`je ?6 Rcicv`s`je `s ne `eorcns`eliy
`eorc ns`eliy `kpjrtnet kcnes jg ZZZZZZZZZZZ. (OJKKSE@ONRC)

B
^ucst`je 26 Ojkpne`cs eccb tj dc rue `e ` e wnys tmnt ceojurnlc ZZZZZZZZZZZ.
ZZZZZZZZZZZ.(OTCNRC)
^ucst`je 36 Xicnsc bje't nsa kc tj knac ney ZZZZZZZZZZZ ndjut tjkjrrjw's kcct`el.(XTCB@OR)

SE@R >86 EC\ \NP_ RJ ICNTE

N6 WJONDSINTP
Ej Ecw wjrbs Rrnesor`pt Kcne`el
Icssje >

>.
4. Notuni (n)
Npp //çp/
ˍçatʏuɐi/ tỠel
mỾobợel
sỾ

I
Nppi`ont`je /ˉçpiɦˍacɦʏe/
?. Nrt`g`o`ni (n) /ˉɞ˘tɦˍgɦʏi/ Emäe tẮj

@
Nrt`g`o`ni `etcii`lceoc (e) /ˉɞ˘tɦˍgɦʏi/ /ɦeˍtciɦbʔɐes/ Rrë tmòel k`em emäe tẮj
2. Cicnre`el

O
Guturjijl`st /ˉgfu˘tʏɐˍrɔiɐbʔɦst/ Emè elm`æe oỠu tƸƮel in`

@
(n pcrsje wmj
wmj `s ne cxp
cxpcrt
crt `e tmc
stuby jg mjw pcjpic w`ii i`vc `e tmc

G
guturc)
@etcrnot`vc (n) /ˉɦetɐrˍçatɦv/ Knel tëem tƸƮel tîo

G
@etcrnot`vc wm`tcdjnrb (e) /ˉɦetɐrˍçatɦv//ˍwnɦtdɒ˘b/ Dắel tƸƮel tîo tmòel k`em
Xrcb`ot`je (e) /prɦˍbɦaʏe/ _Ỿ bỾ Ğjîe
Tcnsjendic (n) /ˍr`˘zeɐdi/ Mữp ië
Tjdjt (e) /ˍrɐʆdɔt/ Tò dỞt
Rjuomsorcce (e) /ˍtʉtʏsar`˘e/ Kèe méem oắk Ỡel

J
W`rtuni oinssrjjk (e) /ˍvə˘t uɐi/ /ˍaiɞ˘sru˘k/ Iốp mịo ắj
Icssje 4
Ojkkue`ont`je (e)
Ojkpicx (n)
Orcnt`v`ty (e)
/aɐˉkfu˘eɦˍacɦʏe/
/ˍaɔkpicas/
/ˉar`˘cɦˍtɦvɐt`/
E _Ỿ ll``nj t`Ẻp
XmỠo tẮp, rẪo rỞ`
Rëem sîel tẮj
 ƨ
M
Gicx`dic (n) / gicasɐdi/ I`em mjẮt
Xrjdicksjiv`el (e) /ˍprɔdiɐk sɔivɦŁ/ L`ắ` quyẺt vảe ĞỎ
Rcnkwjra (e) /ˍt`˘kwə˘a/ _Ỿ ièk v`Ọo emÿk
Icssje ?
Noojuet (e)
Giucet (n)
Ent`vc (n)
/ɐˍanʆet/
/ˍgiu˘ɐet/
/ˍecɦtɦv/
E Rè` amjắe
IƸu ijît
Dắe xỠ, dắe Ğền

D6 C]XTC__@JE_

>.

4.
Ej Ecw wjrbs
Nttnom tj sd/stm
Dc nttnomcb tj stm
Ojeecot tj sjkctm`el ^ S P Rrnesor`pt
/ɐˍtçtʏ/

/aɐˍecat/
Kcne`el
I`æe qune/ĞƸữo lẪe vố` n`/oî` lé
ĘƸữo lẪe vố` oî` lé
AẺt eỞ` vố` oî` lé
(tj fj`e n ojkputcr jr n kjd`ic bcv`oc tj tmc

K
`etcrect jr tj n ojkputcr ectwjra)
Ojeecot w`tm sjkcdjby I`æe iẮo vố` n`

Í
(tj gjrk n ljjb rcint`jesm`p
rci nt`jesm`p w`tm sjkcdjby sj
tmnt yju i`ac neb uebcrstneb cnom jtmcr)

A
O6 LTNKKNT
N. RƪƨEL IN@ ĘƨE WÈ RƪƨEL IN@ LầE
_J _ÎEM "\@II" WÈ "DC LJ@EL RJ"
>. BẮel tmỠo oỬn ĞỐel tỡ
BẮel tmỠo oỬn ĞỐel tỡ tmƸớel vố` w`ii vè dc lj`el tj

ẨP
\`ii6
_ + w`ii + W

Cx6B Dc lj`el tj6

_mc w
w``ii ccnnt icss ggnnst gj
Oò ảy
ảy sẻ mẮe
mẮe om
_ + nk/`s/nrc + lj`el tj + W
gjjb.
omẺẺ ďe ĞĞởở ďe eemn
mnemem..
\c nrc lj`el tj try nrjkntnrjkntmcrnpy
mcrnpy..
Omöell tò` sẻ tmừ i`Ọu ppmîp
Omöe mîp trề i`Ọu ddẾel
Ếel t`em bẬu ttmƮk.
mƮk.

4. Oîom bðel
v Amîo d`Ọt >
\`i6 b`ểe tắ quyẺt Ğềem tỠo tmớ` ĞƸn rn elny elny tẮ` tmớ
tmớ`` Ğ`ỏk eÿ
eÿ`` vỎ sỾ v`Ọo trj
trjel
el tƸƮe
tƸƮell in`.
Dc lj`el tj6 b`ể
b`ểee tắ bỾ Ğềe
Ğềem,
m, qquyẺ
uyẺtt Ğềe
Ğềemm oÿ sẳe trƸốo tmớ` Ğ`ỏk eÿ` vỎ sỾ v`Ọv`Ọoo tr
trjel
jel tƸƮe
tƸƮell in
in`.`.
Cx6 _jkcj_jkcjec's
ec's onii`el
onii`el.. - JA. @'ii nesw
neswcrcr `t.
Oÿ n` Ğne
n` Ğnel
@t's Neby's
Neby 'sld`rtmb
lị
lị`` aén
aén.
ny. -tjkjr
d`rtmbny ĘƸữ
ĘƸữoorjw.
rở`
rở`.. -Ck
tjkjrrjw. ssẻẻ Ğ` tr
@ aejw. trắ
ắ iớ`
@'k iớ`.
lj.`el tj dr`el sjkc ona
lj`el onacs.
cs.
Elèy kn` iè s`em emẫt
v Amîo d`Ọt 4
\`ii
emẫt Neby Ğảy. - Rố d`Ẻt kè. Rố sẻ knel kỐt ët dîem ĞẺe.

Dc lj`el tj
@ I
O
OmỠo eďel b`ểe ĞẮt6 BỾ Ğjîe vỎ tƸƮel in` bỾn træe OmỠo eďel b`ểe ĞẮt6 BỾ Ğjîe vỎ tƸƮel in` bỾn træe oƮ
qune Ğ`ỏk oî emäe oỬn elƸớ` eÿ` sỚ, bảu m`Ọu tmỾo tẺ Ớ tmớ` Ğ`ỏk m`Ọe tẮ`
Bảu m`Ọu emẫe d`Ẻt6 tm`ea , mjpc, lucss, @'k ngrn`b,
prjdndiy, pcrmnps, knydc
knydc
Bảu m`Ọu emẫe d`Ẻt6

G @
Ijja nt tmclrcy oijubs! (Mïy emée emỪel Ğîk käy
Ğce aén!)

G
\c jeiy mnvc g`vc k`eutcs icgt. (Omöel kéem omỀ oôe
oÿ 3 pmöt eỪn tmò`.)
Wë bợ6 @ tm`ea mc'ii lj tj tmc lyk. Wë bợ6 \c jeiy mnvc g`vc k`eutcs icgt. \c nrc lj`el
(Rố elmĠ nem ảy sẻ ĞẺe pmôel tẫp.) tj dc intc gjr tmc kcct`el. (Omöel tn omỀ oôe 3 pmöt
One yju lucss wmj w`ii dc tmc w`eecr: eỪn tmò`. Omöel tn sẻ dề kuỐe mịp.)
(Oẫu oÿ Ğjîe ĞƸữo n` sẻ iè elƸớ` om`Ẻe tmẪel Ijja nt tmc ijel qucu
qucuc.
c. \c nrc lj`el tj wn`t gjr

EJ
amòel:) mjurs. (Emée mèel bè` aén. Omöel kéem sẻ pmắ` Ğữ`
@‐k ngrn`b mc wje't ojkc. em`Ỏu l`ớ Ğởel mở rở`.)
(Rò` c rẾel nem ảy sẻ amòel
a mòel ĞẺe.)

EmỪel oảu tröo d`ỏu ĞẮt elmĠn tƸƮel in`6

ƨ
M
dc tj + Dnrc `e
`eg`e`t`v
g`e`t`vcc 6 AẺ mjẮom k knel
nel tëe
tëemm omảt trne
trnell trịel
trịel,, sỾ xẪp xẺp
Cl6 Rmc prcs`bcet `s tj k
kcct
cct tmc pr`kc k`e`stcr tjkjrrjw
dc ndjut tj + W`eg6 sẪp sừn/omu
sừn/omuẠe
Ạe dề xắy rn
Cl6 Murry up! Rmc trn`e `s ndjut tj icnvc
 dc buc tj + W`eg 6 ĞƸữo kjel omớ/Ğữ`
E
P
Cl6 Jur g`ilmt `s buc tj tnac jgg nt <.88 dut tmcrc k`lmt dc n bciny
dc je tmc vcrlc/
vcrlc/pj`et
pj`et/dr`ea
/dr`ea jg
jg66 oÿ tmỏ
tmỏ sẻ xắ
xắyy rrnn số
sốk
k
Cl6 _o`cet`sts nrc je tmc vcrlc jg g`eb`el n ourc gjr N@B_

S
I@_RCE@EL6

^
Xnrt >6 Ojkpictc tmc ejtcs
ejtcs dcijw. \r`tc JEC \JTB JT N ESKDCT gjr cnom neswcr
neswcr
>. Rmc `bcn jg pcjpic tna`el n b`l`tni
b`l`tni (>) ZZZZZZZZZ `s dcojk`el kjrc neb kjrc pjpuinr,
pjpuinr, cspco`niiy nkjel
tmc yjue
yjuell pcjpi
pcjpicc
4. Nknebn spcebs
spcebs nt icnst (4) ZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZmjurs
mjurs lj`el jei`ec.

K
?. Ngtcr rcnb`el Ijl Jgg6 Mjw tj _tny (?) ZZZZZZZZZngtcr B`sojeecot`el wr`ttce dy Dinac _ejw, Nknebn mns
ljt ljjb nbv`oc neb stnrtcb w`tm rckjv`el b`strnot`je.

Í
2. Ijja`el nt mcr pmjec kjst jg tmc t mc t`kcs tj nvj`b jr `lejrc sjkctm`el cisc mnppce`el r`lmt `e grjet jg
Nknebn wns ne (2) ZZZZZZZZZ mnd`t.

A
3. Nt g`rst, Nknebn gcit n i`ttic d`t sonry dut `t turecb jut tj dc n prctty (3) ZZZZZZZZZcxpcr`ceoc.

Xnrt 46 Omjjsc tmc ojrrcot icttcr

icttcr,, N, D, O jr B.
Xcjpic nrc mnv`el
mnv`el prjdicks us`el tmcsc lnblcts
lnblcts jr knom`ecs.
knom`ecs. \mnt `s tmc prjdick
prjdick w`tm cnom jec:
jec: I`stce
neb o`roic tmc ojrrcot neswcr.

ẨP
>. B`l`tni
B`l`tni onkc
onkcrnrn
N. Mc gjrljt tj ture `t je. D. @t ec
eccb
cbss kj
kjrc
rc g`ik
g`ik.. O. Rm
Rmcc kc
kckj
kjry
ry `s guii
guii..

B
4. Ginsmi`lmt
N. RmRmcc duid
duid `s dr
drja
jace
ce.. D. Rm
Rmcc dn
dntt
ttcr
cr`c
`css nrc
nrc bcnb
bcnb.. O. @t‐s
@t‐s tj
tjjj b`
b`rt
rty.
y.
?. T`o
T`occ ojj
ojjacr
acr
N. Mc pusm
pusmcb
cb tm
tmcc wr
wrje
jell du
dutt
ttje
je.. D. Mc put `e tjj kuom r`oc. O. Mc put `e tj
tjjj kuom wnt
ntccr.
2. OB piny
pinycr
cr
N. Rmc OB `s tjj b`rt `rty. D. Mc b`be‐t put `e n OB. O. Rmc vj
vjiu
iuk
kc `s tj
tjjj ij
ijw
w.

3. B`smwnsmcr
N. _m
_mcc b`
b`be
be‐t
‐t r`
r`es
escc tm
tmcc b`sm
b`smcs
cs g`
g`rs
rst.
t. D. _mc put `e tjj kuom sjnp.
np. O. _mc put `e tj
tjjj kn
kney
ey b`s
`smmcs.
cs.

Neswcr
Xnrt >6 >. Bctjx 4. >4 ?. Ojeecotcb 2. nutjknt`o 3. rcwnrb`el
Xnrt 46 >. o 4D ?O 2O 3N

@ I
IC]@OJ-
IC]@OJ- LTNKK
LTNKKNT
NT
Xnrt ?6 Xmject`os
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur
yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb wmjsc u
uebcri`ecb
ebcri`ecb pnrt b`ggcrs
b`ggcrs grjk

O
tmc jtmcr tmrcc `e prjeueo`nt`je `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. N. v`rtuni D. pr`vntc O. t`by B. bco`s`vc
/ˍvə˘tʏuɐi/
4. N. nb
n bvneocb
/ɐbˍvɞ˘est/
/ˍprnɦvɐt/
D. `etcrnot`vc
/ˉɦetɐrˍçatɦv/
/ˍtnɦb`/
O. nrt`g`o`ni
/ˉɞ˘tɦˍgɦʏi/
/bɦˍsnɦsɦv/

G
B. gnsm`jendic
/ˍgçʏeɐdi/
@
G
?. N. sorcce D. kcne O. nlrcckcet B. cel`eccr
/sar`˘e/ /k`˘e/ /ɐˍɮr`˘kɐet/ /ˉcebʔɦˍeɦɐ(r)/

J
2. N. cicotrje`o D. cqu`pkcet O. tcicsojpc B. nonbck`o
/ɦˉicaˍtrɔeɦa/ /ɦˍawɦpkɐet/ /ˍtciɦsaɐʆp/ /ˉçaɐˍbckɦa/
3. N. vnr`cty D. orcnt`v`ty O. ent`vc B. `egjrknt`je
/vɐˍrnɦɐt`/ /ˉar`˘cɦˍtɦvɐt`/ /ˍecɦtɦv/ /ˉɦegɐˍkcɦʏe/

Xnrt 26 _trcss
E
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur
tmc pjs`t`je jg strcss `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes
ƨ
yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb tmnt b`ggcrs gr
grjk
jk tmc jtmcr tmrc
tmrccc `e

M
>. N. upbntc D. cxomnelc O. prnot`oc B. bjweijnb
/ˉʉpˍbcɦt/ /ɦasˍtʏcɦebʔ/ /ˍprçatɦs/ /ˉbnʆeˍiɐʆb/

E
4. N. bcv`oc D. gueot`je O. knom`ec B. onkpn`le
/bɦˍvnɦs/ /ˍgʉŁaʏe/ /kɐˍʏ`˘e/ /açkˍpcɦe/
?. N. pnsswjrb D. tcnkwjra O. rjdjt B. noojuet
/ˍpɞ˘swə˘b/ /ˍt`˘kwə˘a/ /ˍrɐʆdɔt/ /ɐˍanʆet/
2. N. oj
ojkk
kkue
ue`t
`tyy D. or
orcn
cnt`
t`v`
v`ty
ty O. s`
s`tu
tunt
nt`j
`jee B. cetc
cetcrt
rtn`
n`ek
ekce
cett
 /aɐˍkfu˘e
˘eɐ
ɐt`/
3. N. uebcrstneb
/ˉar`˘cɦˍtɦv
ɦvɐ
D. rcojkkceb
ɐt`/ /ˉs
ˉsɦt P
ɦtʏʏuˍcɦʏe/
O. bctcrk`ec
/ˉc
ˉce
etɐˍtcɦekɐet/
B. `etrjbuoc

^S
/ˉʉebɐˍstçeb/ /ˉrcaɐˍkceb/ /bɦˍtə˘kɦe/ /ˉɦetrɐˍbfu˘s/

Xnrt 36 Kuit`pic omj`oc

(48o) (vjonduinry, ojiijont`jes, pmrnsni vcrds, prcpjs`t`jes, wjrb gjrks, lrnkknr, ojevcrsnt`je)

K
Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc
gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

Í
>. Rmc say mns ljec rcniiy bnra. Rmcrc ................dc n stjrk.
N. nrc lj`el tj D. `s lj`el tj O. w`ii B. `s

A
4. ..........
...............
..........
..........
..........
.....icnre`e
icnre`ell rcgcrs tj icnre`e
icnre`ell tmrjulm ojk
ojkputcrs
putcrs neb tmc `etcre
`etcrect,
ct, `es`b
`es`bcc ns wcii ns juts
juts`bc
`bc
tmc gno`i`t`cs prjv`bcb dy tmc cbuont`jeni jrlne`znt`je.
N. b`stneoc D. trnb`t`jeni O. v`rtuni B. notuni
W`rtuni icnre`el6 bẮy mịo trỾo t`Ẻp tmòel qun kò` trƸớel ắj
?. Rmc uebcrwntcr drcntm`el bcv`oc `se‐t ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ,
ZZZZZZ, s`eoc `t‐s tmc s`zc jg n mjrsc.
N. vẺ
bcpsnu
cebvvé
nédeÿ
ic oÿ aëom oỮ oỬnD.kỐ cictooje
tr`onel
i Ỿn eæe ttëem
O. ctỡ
icopmð
trje`mữo p vỎ elmĠn B. pièrnprno
ot`ont`oni6
i

Ẩ P
BỾn tmcj
tmcj aëom kỐt elỾn ëem mữp prnot`oni6 aj tmỾo tẺ

B
2. Je tmc wcd yju one rcnb .................ecwspnpcrs jr knlnz`ecs1 yju one wntom v`bcjs, bjweijnb kus`o jr
duy neytm`el.
N. v`rtuni D. jei`ec O. pr`etcb B. jggi`ec
3. Dcs`bcs pr`etcb djjas ns tcxt djjas, tcxtdjja pudi`smcrs nisj mnvc kney icnre`el i cnre`el ....................je tmc ecw
pintgjrks.
N. npps D. nppi`ont`je O. nppi`onets B. nppiy
7. Xcjpic `e rurni neb rckjtc nrcns st`ii mnvc b`gg`ouit ln`e`el ..................... noocss tj n dcttcr mcnitm onrc.

N. bj`el D. ln`e`el O. tna`el B. kna`el

Ojiijont`je6 Ln`e noocss tj6 t`Ẻp oẫe vố` t`Ẻp oẫe oî` lé
<. Rmc `bcn jg i`v`el
i `v`el je tmc kjje oicnriy nnppcnis
ppcnis ................n ijt jg pcjpic.
N. w`tm D. t j O. j e B. gjr
Nppcni tj6 tmu möt
=. @e tmc nlc jg tcomejijly, yju one ..............
..............nbvnetnlc
nbvnetnlc jg ecw nppi`ont`jes wm`om nrc vcry uscgui gjr icnre`el
Celi`sm.
N. knac D. mnvc O. tnac B. lct

@ I
Rnac nbvnetnlc jg knac usc jg6 tẫe bợel/iữ` bợel
0. I`ac jtmcr pcjpic, om`ibrce nisj mnvc lrcntiy dcecg`tcb ......... ...................
.......... kjbcre tcomejijly.
tcomejijly.

O
N. j g D. grjk O. ` e B. w`tm
Dcecg`t grjk
grjk stm6 oÿ iữ iữ`` tỡ v`Ọo lé

kna`el `t cns`cr .................

N. w`tm
................. stubcets tj icnre ne
D. t j
G
nebb nisj knac tmc tcnomcr's fjd cns`cr.
O. d y @
>8. Rcnomcrs one nisj mcip tmc`r stubcets tj icnre ojkpi`ontcb nppi`ont`jes je cicotrje`o bcv`ocs ns n wny jg

B. gjr

G
Oảu tröo
tröo elỪ l`ố` ttỡ ỡ Ğ` vố` tëem ttỡ ỡ `ts cns
cnsyy gjr sskd
kd tj b bjj sktm
>> . "Mjw bj yju yju usc tmc @etcrect gjr yjur stub stuby:"
y:" ‟ ’ZZZZ‛
N. sur
surg`e
g`ell tmc
tmc @et
@etcre
crectct ttjj sscnro
cnromm ggjr
jr `eg
`egjrk
jrknt`j
nt`jee D. \nt
\ntom` om`elel ky gnv
gnvjr`
jr`tc
tc onrt
onrtjj
jjes
es

J
O. I`stce`el tj kus`o B. Accp`el ojetnots w`tm ky gr`cebs
Ęỏ ték a`Ẻk tmòel t`e. (Ğîp iẮ` oäu m mỊ`
Ị` bðel @e @etcrect
tcrect emƸ tmẺ eèj ĞỞ` vvố` ố` R`Ẻel Nem)
>4. N6 @t's rcniiy mjt `e mcrc.
D6 @NZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
. nk lj`el tj put je tmc n`r-ojeb`t`je`el
D. w`ii O. wjuib B. mnvc

E
>?. ’ZZZZ‛ - "Ej, `t's nii rcpcnts nln`e. \my one't tmcy knac sjkc eecw cw prjlrnks gjr n omnelc:‛

ƨ
N. @s tmcrc neytm`el wjrtm wntom`el je tmc tciiy tje`lmt:
D. \mnt's je RW tje`lmt:

M
O. \mnt's up tje`lmt je RW:
B. @s tmcrc n prjlrnk je tj wntom tje`lmt:

E
>2. N6 \my nrc yju wcnr`el wcnr` el yjur dcst su`t:
D6 @ ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ iueom w`tm ky d`llcst oustjkcr.
N. wjuib mnvc D. w`ii mnvc O. nk mnv`el B. mnvc mnb

P
>3. Nt tmc snkc t`kc, cicnre`el wns kjv`el ................ kn`estrcnk dus`ecss ns n v`ndic kctmjb jg bci`vcr`el
bci`vcr` el
trn`e`el jei`ec.
N. gjr D. t j O. `etj B. n t
Kjvc je (tj stm)6 tmắj iuẫe oî` lé kố`
kjvc
kj vc `e`etj
tj66 t`
t`Ẻe
Ẻe vèj/
vèj/dƸ
dƸốo
ốo vèvèjj
>7. Rmc ....................wcntmcr `e tmc kjuetn`es one knac oi`kd`el cxtrckciy mnznrbjus.
mnzn rbjus.
 ^S
N. prcb`ot`je D. prcb`otcb O. prcb`otndic B. ueprcb`otndic
><.
><. Rm
Rmcscscc bcv`
bcv`oc
ocss nii
niijw
jw tmc
tmc rj
rjdj
djtt tj pm
pmysys`on
`oniiiiyy ....
.......................................... w`
w`tm
tm `ts cev`
cev`rj
rjek
ekce
cet.
t.
N. `etcrnot D. `etcrnot`vc O. `etcrnot`je B. `etcrnot`vciy

K
>=. @g @ mnb aejwe tm`s jei`ec ojursc gjr icnre`el Celi`sm wjuib mnvc .................i`ac tm`s, @ ecvcr wjuib mnvc
nttckptcb tj rcl`stcr `t.

Í
N. turecb je D. turecb jut O. turecb up B. turecb bjwe
Rure jut6 mÿn rn iè

A
>0. N knfjr`ty jg tmck nrc `e ojuetr`cs wmcrc tmcy mnvc bn`iy ojetnot ............. rjdjts `e vnr`jus `ebustr`cs jr
dus`ecsscs
N. je D. `e O. tj B. w`tm

P
48. Rmc jib jgtce mnvc b`gg`ouity
b`gg`o uity .................icnre`el mjw tj usc cicotrje`o bcv`ocs.
N. gjr D. ` e O. grjk B. ndjut

Xnrt
Knra76tmc
_yejeyk

BẨ
icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr
neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb OIJ_C_R `e kcne`el
kcne`el tj tmc
uebcri`ecb wjrb `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Ns yju noocss tmc lntc, yju w`ii scc ne nppic jromnrb je tmc icgtmneb s`bc.
N. nsscss D. npprjnom O. ejt`gy B. nvj`b
4. Nppic icnbs tmc b`l`tni kus`o rcvjiut`je w`tm `ts `Xjbs neb `Ruecs jei`ec stjrc.
N. jei`ec D. cicotr`o O. ojkputcr-dnscb B. kjbcre`zcb
Xnrt <6 Netjeyk

Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc wjrb(s) JXXJ_@RC `e kcne`el tj tmc
uebcri`ecb wjrb(s) `e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.
>. Rmc inac `s nrt`g`o`ni
nrt`g`o`ni,, dut jvcr tmc inst bconbc `t mns bcvcijpcb `ts jwe tmr`v`el cojsytck.
N. i`gcicsss D. tjx`o O. enturni B. uepjpuinr
4. Tuss`ne `s n ojkpicx inelunlc rcqu`r`el kney ycnrs jg stuby tj knstcr.

I
N. gjrc`le D. s`kpic O. ojkpjueb B. ndstrnot

Xnrt =6 Crrjr @bcet`g`ont`je

Knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc uebcri`ecb pnrt tmnt eccbs ojrrcot`je

@
`e cnom jg tmc gjiijw`el qucst`jes.

O
>. Ns pineecb,
pineecb, @ w`w`ii
ii lj tj @eb`
@eb`nn `e ecxt _ue
_uebny
bny tj fj`
fj`ee n ojursc nd
ndjut
jut ojkp
ojkput`el
ut`el mcrc.
N. w`ii lj D. Ns pineecb O. fj`e B. ojkput`el

4. Rmc
\`ii lj omuyỏe tmèem nk lj`el
Rmc usc jjgg cicotrj
stubcets.
cicotrje`o
e`o bcv`oc
bcv`ocss neb rcsju
rcsjurocs
rocs `e tmc oinssr
oinssrjjk
jjk `s n pnrt jg tmc bn`iy not`je
not`jess gjr icot

G @
icoturcrs
urcrs nneb
eb

G
N. cicotrje`o D. not`jes O. rcsjurocs B. pnrt
Not`je omuyỏe tmèem not`v`t`cs
?. Cicotrje`o
Cicotrje`o bcv
bcv`ocs
`ocs nrc dcojk
dcojk`el`el `eor
`eorcns`el
cns`el ojkkj
ojkkjee `e cbuont
cbuont`jeni
`jeni cev`rj
cev`rjekcet
ekcet..

J
N. cev`rjekcet D. cbuont`jeni O. `eorcns`el B. bcv`ocs
@eorcns`el omuyỏe tmèem `eorcns`eliy

TCNB@EL
Xnrt
Tcnb06tmcOijzc tcst pnssnlc

ƨE
gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr jr B tj `eb`ontc tmc ojrrcot wjrb jr pmrnsc tmnt
dcst g`ts cnom jg tmc eukdcrcb dineas.
B`l`tni icnre`el `s rcpino`el trnb`t`jeni cbuont`jeni kctmjbs kjrc neb kjrc cnom bny. \`tm (>) ZZZZ

M
rnp`biy oinssrjjks nrc omnel`el, `t `s dcst tj gjrlct kctmjbs yju yju kny rckckdcr grjk wmce yju wcrc `e somjji
neb stnrt tm`ea`el ndjut ecwcr tcnom`el neb icnre`el tcome`qucs dnscb (4) ZZZZ b`l`tni icnre`el tjjis neb

E
tcomejijl`cs. Rmc `eoius`je jg b`l`tni icnre`el `e tmc t mc oinssrjjks one (?) ZZZZ grjk s`kpiy us`el tndicts `estcnb
jg pnpcr tj us`el cindjrntc sjgtwnrc prjlrnks neb cqu`pkcet ns jppjs jppjscb
cb tj tmc s`kpic pce.
Rm`s ojuib cetn`i us`el s`tcs, scrv`ocs, prjlrnks, tcnom`el tjjis, neb (2) ZZZZi`ac stuby n`bs du`it gjr nt-

P
mjkc usc.
usc. Cvce sjsjo`ni
o`ni ectwjra
ectwjrass neb ojkk
ojkkue`ont
ue`ont`jes
`jes pi
pintgjrk
ntgjrkss one dc uscb tj orcnt
orcntcc neb knenl
knenlcc b`l`tni
nss`lekcets neb nlcebns. @rrcspcot`vc jg mjw kuom tcomejijly `s `etclrntcb `etj tmc oinssrjjk, b`l`tni
icnre`el mns ojkc tj (3) ZZZZZZZZ n oruo`ni rjic `e cbuont`je
cbuont`je.. @t ckpjwcrs stubcets dy llctt`el
ctt`el tmck tj dc kjrc

S
`etcrcstcb `e icnre`el neb cxpneb`el tmc`r mjr`zjes.
>. N. wmnt D. mjw O. tmnt B. wmy
ĘẮ` tỡ xäy bỾe
bỾell kỌkỌem
em ĞỎ bne
bnemm elỪ
elỪ (om
(omỀỀ oîo
oîomm tm
tmỠo
Ỡo iièk
èk oomỬ
mỬ elỪ trj
trjel
el kkỌem
Ọem ĞỎ)
4. N. dy D. `e O. je B. gjr

^
L`ố` tỡ Ğ` vố` Ğ ĞỐel
Ốel tỡ dnsc jje
e (bỾn ttræe,
ræe, bỾ
bỾnn vèj
vèj))
?. N. bcvcijp D. b`ggcr O. vnry B. ojkc
ĘỐell tỡ Ğn a
ĘỐe aẺt
Ẻt trề vnry grjk .... tj (Ğn bẮel
bẮel ttỡỡ ... ĞẺ
ĞẺe)
e)
2. N. tcomejijl`cs
K
D. tcomejijl`oni O. tcomejijly B. tcome`o`ne

Í
Bnem tỡ
3. N. bj D. not O. tnac B. piny

A
Oợk tỡ oỞ Ğềem6 p
piny
iny n rj
rjic
ic `e (Ğÿ
(Ğÿel
el vn` ttrô
rô trje
trjel)
l)

Xnrt >86 Tcnb`el ojkprcmces`je

P
Tcnb tmc gjiijw`el pnssnlc neb knra tmc icttcr N, D, O, jr B je yjur neswcr smcct tj `eb`ontc tmc
ojrrcot neswcr tj cnom jg tmc qucst`jes
Se`vcrs`ty jg K`nk` sjpmjkjrc Fnoa Dtcsm wn`ts gjr m`s Xrc-oniouius oinss tj dcl`e w`tm m`s KnoDjja
inptjp `e grjet jg m`k neb m`s `Xmjec `e mneb. Rmc k`eutc oinss dcl`es, mc oijscs tmc inptjp dut mc oneejt mcip
dut accp ne cyc je m`s tcxts. ’Ss`el cicotrje`o bcv`ocs `s jur i`vcs,‛ mc sn`b jec rcocet kjre`el. ’@ wje‐t

BẨ
neswcr tmc tcxt bur`el oinss, dut @ bj omcoa `t fust `e onsc `t `s `kpjrtnet.‛ M`s `estruotjr _crl`j Mcrenebcz, n
icoturcr `e tmc kntm bcpnrtkcet, sn`b tmnt ictt`el tmc stubcets usc cicotrje`o bcv`ocs `s sjkctm`el mc ’tjicrntcs.
Ngtcr nii, tmcy nrc nbuits.‛
Ss`el kjbcre tcomejijly, spco`g`oniiy inptjps, tndicts neb `Xmjecs `e tmc oinssrjjk `s n b`ocy `ssuc je
kney ue`vcrs`ty onkpuscs. Nt SK cnom gnouity kckdcr rcscrvcs tmc r`lmt tj dne suom bcv`ocs grjk tmc`r
oinssrjjks neb tmcy jgtce bj sj, `eoiub`el pji`oy `e tmc`r syiindus ns n ojeb`t`je gjr pnrt`o`pnt`je.
pnrt`o`pnt`je. Nt n t`kc `e

wm`om rcocet stub`cs smjw tmnt yjuel pcjpic nrc nbb`otcb tj tmc`r `Xmjecs neb n ojkpney oniicb Pjebr
omnrlcs n gcc tj ijoa nwny tmc bcv`oc neb prjv`bc n ’bcv`oc grcc‛ mjur jr twj, tmc usc jg tmcsc bcv`ocs mns
ojkc uebcr sorut`ey
sorut`ey..
’@ jeiy niijw ocii pmjecs jr ojkputcrs `e tmc oinssrjjk `g wc mnvc n spco`g`o `e-oinss not`v`ty tmnt
rcqu`rcs `t,‛ sn`b E`en K`v`iic, nss`stnet prjgcssjr `e prnot`oc `e tmc @ebustr`ni Cel`eccr`el bcpnrtkcet nt tmc

I
Ojiiclc jg Cel`eccr`el. ’Jtmcrw`sc, tmcy nrc ejt niijwcb tj usc `t.‛
Rmc dcecg`ts jg tcomejijly, v`n inptjps neb `Xmjecs, `s uebce`ndic. Tcscnrom one dc `estnetnecjus,
noocss tj jei`ec icnre`el pintgjrks suom ns Rjp Mnt one niijw prjgcssjrs tj nbk`e`stcr qu`zzcs tj stubcet
bcv`ocs b`rcotiy, prjfcot
prjfcot v`bcjs neb lrnpms neb ojebuot pjii`el gjr ojiicot`vc icnre`el. @etclrntcb tcomejijly
one cemneoc tmc oinssrjjk cxpcr`ceoc bcpceb`el je mjw tmc `estruotjrs usc tmc tcomejijly, sn`b Niine

O @
Lyjrac, nssjo`ntc v`oc prcs`bcet gjr @egjrknt`je Rcomejijly neb nss`stnet prjvjst gjr Cbuont`jeni @eejvnt`je.
’Gjr cxnkpic, `e n wr`t`el ojursc, gnouity ojuib mnvc stubcets dr`el `e tmc`r inptjps tj bj wr`t`el neb cb`t`el

G @
bur`el oinss t`kc,‛ Lyjrac sn`b. ’@e ne nrom`tcoturc ojursc, stubcets ojuib dr`el tmc`r inptjps tj wjra je
(Ojkputcr N`bcb Bcs`le) brnw`els jr smjw tmc`r ?B rcebcrcb socecs tj jtmcr stubcets. @e tmcsc onscs,
tcomejijly `s ne `etclrni pnrt jg tmc orcnt`je prjocss neb npprjpr`ntc gjr tmnt rcnsje.‛
je ONB

G
Dut kney prjgcssjrs
prjgcssjrs cxp
cxpcr`ceoc
cr`ceoc tmc bjwes
bjwes`bc
`bc jg niijw`el cicotr
cicotrje`o
je`o bcv`
bcv`ocs,
ocs, cspco
cspco`niiy
`niiy `e inrlc
oinsscs, wmcrc kney stubcets try tj m`bc tmc`r `Xmjec je tmc`r inp jr jpce tmc`r inptjps tj s`tcs tmnt mnvc ej t`c
tj tmc oinssrjjk wjra neb orcntc n b`strnot`je tj tmckscivcs neb jtmcrs.’@ mnvc stjppcb niijw`el inptjps neb

J
tndics neb `Xmjecs `e oinss,‛ sn`b _nk Rcr`ii`, nssjo`ntc prjgcssjr nt tmc _omjji jg Ojkkue`ont`je. ’@ `es`st je
ky gnvjr`tc tcomejijly gjr ejtctna`el…pnpcrs, pces neb pceo`is.‛
(sjurocs6 ecws.k`nk`.cbu)
>. \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`el `s tmc dcst t`tic jg tmc pnssnlc:
N. Rmc dcecg`ts jg us`el cicotrje`o bcv`ocs `e tmc oinss
D.
O. Ss`el cicotrje`o bcv`ocs `e oinssrjjk6
cicotrje`omcip jr m`ebrneoc

ƨ E
Rmc b`snbvnetnlc
b`snbvnetnlc jg niijw`el bcv`ocs `e oinssrjjk
B. _tubcets smjuib dc niijwcb tj usc kjbcre tcomejijly `e icnre`el

M
4. Rmc pmrnsc ’nbb`otcb
’nbb`otcb " `e pnrnlrnpm 4 `s oijscst `e kcne`el tj ZZZZ.
N. `eb`ggcrcet D. mjjacb O. rci`ndic B. nttrnot`vc

E
Mjjacb je 6 elm`Ọe/yæu tmëom oî` lé
?. \m`om jg tmc gjiijw`el `egjrknt`je `s RTSC noojrb`el tj tmc pnssnlc:
N. Pjebr niijws stubcets tj usc @pmjecs w`tm n sknii gcc

P
D. Nss`stnet prjgcssjr, E`en K`v`iic niijws ocii pmjecs jr ojkputcrs `e tmc oinssrjjk
O. @e nrt ojursc, stubcets one usc tmc`r inptjp gjr brnw`els
B. @t `s n r`say `ssuc `g cicotrje`o bcv`ocs suom ns inptjps jr tndicts nrc niijwcb tj usc `e tmc oinssrjjk

2. Rmc pmrnsc ’sorut`ey

N. `evcst`lnt`je S
Rmòel t`e Ớ bôel ĞẬu ĞjẮe 4, b`ocy /ˍbnɦs`/6 kẮj m`ỏk
’sorut`ey " `e pnrnlrnpm 4 `s oijscst `e kcne`el tj ZZZZ.
D. prcssurc
sorut`ey /ˍsaru˘tɐe`/6 xck xàt aĠ iƸỮel, elm`æe oỠu oẠe tmẫe
O. b`gg`ouity B. b`souss`je

^
3. Rmc wjrb ’`t
’`t"" `e pnrnlrnpm
pnrnlrnpm > rcgcrs tj wm`om jg tmc gjiijw`el
gjiijw`el::

K
N. rcocet kjre`el D. tmc tcxt O. tmc oinss B. omcoa`el kcssnlcs
\T@R@EL
Xnrt >>6 _cetceoc Rrnesgjrknt`je
Tcwr`tc tmc gjiijw`el scetceocs w`tm tmc snkc kcne`el jg tmc l`vce jecs.
>. Mcr dndy w`ii dc djre `e Jotjdcr. (`s)
 Í
@s lj`el tj mnvc n dndy `e Jotjdcr
A
_mc..............................................................
_mc....................................................................................

4. Rmc R`lcrs nrc i`aciy tj w`e tmc Oup G`eni. (prjdndiy)

...........................................
..........................................
...........................................
......................

P
Rmc R`lcrs...................
R`lcrs........................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
?. Sei`ac trnb`t`jeni icnre`el, tmc c-icnre`el `s gicx`dic gjr tmc stubcets ns wcii ns gjr tmc tcnomcrs. (tmne)
.............................
........

Ẩ
Rmc c-icnre`el.....................
c-icnre`el..........................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
.........................
....
2. Rcxtdjjas one't prjv`bc stubcets w`tm tmc intcst `egjrknt`je ns n kjd`ic bcv`oc one. (ns)
Rcxtdjjas .....................
..........................................
..........................................
...........................................
...........................................
(nrc) ...........................................
..............................
........

B
3. \c mnvc nrrnelcb tj icnvc dy trn`e tjkjrrjw kjre`el.
\c ...................
........................................
..........................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
........................
...
7. Ky `etcet`je wns tj pmjec yju inst e`lmt dut @ gjrljt. (wns)
@.........................................
@...............................................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
.....................
<. Noojrb`el tj tmc t`kctndic, tmc`r pinec nrr`vcs nt 2. 33.(buc)
Rmc`r pinec....................
pinec.........................................
..........................................
...........................................
...........................................
......................................
.................

=. Rmc prjlrnkkc yju wnet tj wntom stnrts `e jec k`eutc, sj ojkc `e neb s`t bjwe. (ndjut)
Rmc prjlrnkkc...............
prjlrnkkc.....................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
.......................
0. Rmcy mnb nrrnelcb tj lct knrr`cb inst kjetm dut tmcy mnb tj oneoci `t. (lj`el)
Rmcy....................................
Rmcy.........................................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
...............................
.........
>8. \mce `s yjur ecxt bjotjr‐s nppj`etkcet: (buc)

I
\mce nrc yju ...................
........................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
................................
..........

\JTB GJTK6
^ucst`je >6 \c mnvc rcoc`vcb nppi`ont`jes grjk kjrc tmne ? 888 stubcets. (NXXIP)
^ucst`je 46 Kney guturjijl`sts sny tmnt tmc ojuetry w`ii ejt mnvc tmc rcsjurocs `e 48- jr ?8-ycnr
?8-ycnrss t`kc ttjj
kn`etn`e `ts prcscet m`lm stnebnrbs. (GSRSTC)

O @
^ucst`je ?6 Rcicv`s`je `s ne `eorcns`eliy `kpjrtnet kcnes jg ojkkue`ont`je.
ojkkue`ont`je. (OJKKSE@ONRC
(OJKKSE@ONRC))
^ucst`je 26 Ojkpne`cs eccb tj dc rue `e wnys tmnt ceojurnlc orcnt`v`ty.
orcnt`v`ty.(OTCNRC)
^ucst`je 36 Xicnsc bje't nsa kc tj knac ney prcb`ot`jes ndjut tjkjrrjw's kcct`el.(XTCB@OR)
ACP_6
kcct`el.(XTCB@OR)

G @
G
>. @s lj`el tj mnvc n dndy `e Jotjdcr
4. \`ii prjdndiy w`e tmc Oup G`eni
?. Rmc c-icnre`el `s kjrc gicx`dic gjr tmc stubcets neb tmc tcnomcrs tmne trnb`t`jeni icnre`el

J
2. Rcxtdjjas one't prjv`bc stubcets w`tm ns ecw `egjrknt`je ns n kjd`ic bcv`oc one
3. Nrc icnv`el/nrc lj`el tj icnvc dy trn`e tjkjrrjw kjre`el
7. \ns lj`el tj pmjec yju inst e`lmt dut @ gjrljt

E
<. Rmc`r pinec `s buc tj nrr`vc nt 2. 33
=. Rmc prjlrnkkc `s ndjut tj stnr
stnrtt `e jec k`eutc, sj ojkc `e neb s`t bjwe
0. Rmcy wns lj`el tj knrr`cb inst kjetm dut tmcy mnb tj oneoci `t
>8. \mce nrc yju buc tj scc tmc bjotjr nln`e/ecxt:
Xnrt >46 \r`t`el ne cssny
’_mjuib stubcets dc niijwcb tj usc cicotrje`os `e tmc oinssrjjk:‛
M ƨ
E
Rj wmnt cxtcet bj yju nlrcc jr b`snlrcc w`tm tmc ndjvc stntckcet:
\r`tc ne cssny w`tm`e >=8 wjrbs tj cxprcss yjur jp`e`je.

P
_XCNA@EL
Xnrt >?6 Neswcr
Neswcr tmc qucst`jes (i`ac pnrt > `e @@CIR_ CIR_ tcsts)
^ucst
ucst`j
`je
e >6-
>6- Bj yju us
uscc n oj
ojkp
kpu utc
tcrr vcr
cryy ku
kuom om::

S
^ucst
ucst`j
`je
e 46-
46- \m
\mce
ce bj yju us uscc n oj
ojkp
kpu utc
tcr:
r:
^ucst
ucst`j
`je
e ?6-
?6- \m
\mnnt bj yju
yju usc tmtmcc oj
ojkpkpuutc
tcrr gj
gjr:
r:
^ucs
^ucst`
t`je
je 26
26-- \m
\mnt
nt wn
wnss yj
yjur
ur `k
`kprprcs
css`
s`je
je wm
wmcece yj
yju u us
uscb
cb n ojkp
ojkput
utcr
cr tmc
tmc g`rs
g`rstt t`kc
t`kc::
^ucst
ucst`j
`je
e 36-
36- Mj
Mjw
w b`b yju icicnr
nree tj usc n ojojkp
kput utcr
cr::
^u
^ucs
cst`
t`je
je
je 76
76-
<6--- Mn
Mnvc
Nrccvcoj
ojkp
oj kput
utcr
crs
s sus
om
omne
cbnelc
lcb b yj
yjur
`euryj i`gc
i`ur
gc oj
`euetr
ne
ney
y y:
wn
wnyy (`g
(`g ycs,
ycs, Mj
Mjw:
w:):
):

K^
^ucs
^ucst`
t`je <6 Nr ojkp
kpututcr
crs uscb ku
kuom om yjur ojue try:
^ucs
^ucst`
t`je
je =6
=6-- Bj yju
yju tm`e
tm`eaa oj
ojkpkpututcr
crss nr
nrcc us
uscg
cguiui `e cv
cvcr
cryb
ybny
ny i`
i`gc
gc (mjw
(mjw):
):
^ucst
ucst`j
`je
e 06-
06- OjOjk kpu
putc
tcrs
rs nrc ejw us uscb
cb n ijijtt `e cb
cbuuon
ont`
t`jje. \m
\mnnt bj yjyju
u tm`e
tm`eaa jg tm`s
tm`s::

Í
^ucs
^ucst`
t`je
je >86-
>86- Bj yju yju pi
piny
ny oj
ojkpkpututcr
cr ln
lnkc
kcs: s:

A
Neswcr ^> ‟ Pcs @ usc
usc tmc
tmc oj
ojkp
kput
utcr
cr gjr
gjr kn
kneey pur
urppjs
jscs
cs i`ac
i`ac kna`
kna`eel v`bc
v`bcjj onii
oniiss tj ky gr
gr`c
`ceebs
bs,, bj`
j`eel ky wjr
jraa
neb
neb sj
sjkc
kct`t`kc
kcss gjr
gjr bj`e
bj`ell sm
smjp
jpp`p`el
el..
Neswcr ^4 ‟ @ usc n ojkputcr wmcecvcr @ mnvc sjkc wjra tj bj. @ bje‐t usc ojkputcrs cxocss`vciy dconusc @
aej
aejw s`tt
s`tt`e
`ell `e gr
grje
jett jg ci
cico
cotr
trjje`
e`oo ln
lnbl
blct
ctss on
onee knac
knac ky i`gc
i`gcsstyic
tyic scb
scbcetn
cetnrry. _j @ us
uscc tm
tmcc ojkp
ojkput
utcr
cr jeiy gj
gjrr
csscet`ni
cssce t`ni wjra
wjras.
s.
P
Ẩ
Neswcr ^?‟ Ns @ ndjvc kcet`jecb tmnt @ usc tmc ojkputcr gjr vnr`jus purpjscs ns wcii ns sjkct`kcs @ usc n
oj
ojkp
kput
utcr
cr tj pi
piny
ny sj
sjkc
kc lnkc
lnkcss ne
nebb gjr
gjr wn
wntotom`
m`el
el kj
kjv` v`cs
cs..
Neswcr ^2‟ \mce @ uscb tmc ojkputcr tcr gjr
gjr tmc
tmc g`rst t`kc, @ wns vcry cxo` o`ttcb ns wcii ns n i`
i`tttic d`t ecrvju
vjus
dcon
conusc
usc @ mnb ej pr`jr
`jr `egj
`egjrrkn
knt`
t`jje je mj
mjww tj jp
jpcrcrnntc tm
tmcc oj
ojk
kpu
putc
tcrr, dut ns sjje ns @ stn
tnrrtcb
tcb tj jpcrn
pcrntc
tc,, nii ky
gnisc gcnr vne`smcb.

B
Neswcr ^3‟ @ icnret tj jpcrntc tmc ojkputcr grjk ky drjtmcr dconusc mc `s n sjgtwnrc cel`eccr neb mc tjib
kc ndj
djut
ut tmc
tmc dns`
dns`os
os jg ojk
ojkpu
putc
tcrrs, ne
nebb ng
ngtc
tcrr tm
tmnt
nt,, @ stn
stnrtcb
rtcb tj jp
jpcr
crnntc rn
rneebj
bjki
kiyy tm
tmce
ce @ icnr
icnreet mj
mjww `t `s jpcrn
pcrntc tcbb.

Neswcr ^7‟ Pcs

Pcs, oj
ojk
kputc
putcrrs mnv
nvcc om
omnnel
elcb
cb ky i`gc
i`gc `e kn
kneey wn
wnys
ys.. Cnr
nri`
i`cr
cr @ mnb n pmj
mjdd`n jg jpcrnt
crnt`e
`ell n
ojk
ojkpu
putc
tcrr, dut ejw @ ononee sc
scebeb kc
kcss ssnl
nlcs
cs,, su
surg
rg je tm
tmcc oj
ojk kpu
putctcrr tj lct n ij
ijtt jg `e
`egj
gjrrkn
knt`t`jje ns wcwcii ii ns gj
gjrr bj
bj`e
`ell
smjpp`el, `t `s n lrcnt tm`el.
Neswcr ^<‟ Pcs Pcs oj
ojkpkpuutctcrrs nrc ususcb
cb n lrcncntt nkj
kjuuet `e ky oj ojuuet
etrry dcon
conususcc pcj
pcjpipicc wjr
jraa gr
grjjk mj mjkc
kc ns wcii cii ns
cvcr
cvcryy wjr
jraa `s bjec
jec w`t`tmm tmc
tmc mcmcip
ip jg n oj
ojkkpuputc
tcrr, sj tm
tmcy
cy nrc w` w`bcbciy
iy us
uscb
cb..

I
Neswcr ^=‟ Pc Pcs,
s, ojkp
ojkput utcr
crss nr
nrcc us
uscb
cb `e cv
cvcr
cryb
ybny
ny i`gc
i`gc.. Xc
Xcjpjpic
ic us
uscc tm
tmcc ojkp
ojkput utcr
cr gj
gjrr vnr`
vnr`ju
juss pupurprpjs
jscs
cs i`
i`ac
ac
smjpp`el, kjecy trnesnot`je ns wcii ns djja`el gi`lmts neb kna`el n rcscrvnt`je gjr n ond`e `e n mjtci. _j
ojk
ojkpu
putc
tcrrs nrc us
uscb
cb,, neb `t mn mnss kn
knbcbc tmc
tmc i`gc
i`gc jg pc
pcjp
jpic
ic vcvcrry cn
cnssy.
Neswcr^0 ‟ Pc Pcs,
s, ojkp
ojkput utcr
crss nr
nrcc us
uscb
cb n lr
lrcn
cntt nk
nkjujuetet `e cb
cbuo
uontnt`j
`jen
enii `e
`est
st`t
`tut
utcs
cs dcon
dconus uscc `t `s tm
tmcc kj
kjbcbcrere crn.
crn. _j
tmc
tmc pu
purp
rpjs
jscc jg us
us`e
`ell tm
tmck
ck cq cqu`
u`pp tmc
tmc st
stub
ubce
cetsts w`tm
w`tm cs
cssc
scetet`n
`nii oj
ojkp
kpututcr
cr sa`i
sa`iis
is sj tm
tmnt
nt tm
tmcy
cy one
one ojkp
ojkpct ctcc ne
neyw
ywmc
mcrcrc..
Rmcs
Rmcscc nr
nrc^>8‟
c us
uscb
cbPc
`es,ojes
Pcs,oj@ es`b
pi`bcr
piny
nycr`e
`el
oj l tm
ojkp tmc
kput ccrw`bc
utcrw`ln
bcr
lnkcr cggc
kcscgs gcot
wmotcecv
wmce jgcvcr
cico
cicr
cotr
@trje
je`o
mn `o ic`s
mnvc
vc ln
lnbl
ic blct
cts
`surcst`
urc `e
kc,cvcr
t`kccv cry
, tm y ej
tmce
ce ejja
jany.
@ pi ne
neb
piny b ojre
. Jtoj
Jtmcrecr
mcrwcr`sc,
rw`s jg @tm
c, tmc
c j`b
wj
wjri
nvj`
nv brib.
b.ny`e
pi
piny `ell

@ O@
Neswcr
ojkputcr
ojkputcr lnkcs
lnkcs..

Xnrt >26 Knac n prcscetnt`je ndjut n tjp`o6

oinssrjjk‛

RTNE_OT@XR RN_A >6

t jp`o6 ’tmc dcecg`ts neb brnwdnoas jg us`el cicotrje`o bcv`ocs `e tmc

G G
J
Xrcscetcr66 _j, wc'rc dnoa `e tmc stub
Xrcscetcr stub`j.
`j. \ciojkc dnoa, cvcryjec. Ky enkc's T`oa \niacr. Grjk jur inptjps
tj jur tcicv`s`jes, grjk tmc b`spinys je jur sknrtpmjecs tj tmjsc je jur sntenvs, wc nrc `e grjet jg sorcces nii
tmc t`kc. Mnvc yju cvcr wjebcrcb wmnt `t wjuib dc i`ac tj b`sojeecot ojkpictciy: Rj omjjsc ejt tj mnvc mnvc

E
noocss tj tmc `etcrect:
`etcrect: @g yju mnv
mnvc,c, yju kny dc `e eccb jg n b`l`tni bctjx
bctjx ‟ n tjtni sw`t
sw`tom-jgg
om-jgg grj
grjk
k nii tm`els
b`l`tni. Rmc `bcn jg pcjpic tna`el n b`l`tni bctjx `s dcojk`el kjrc neb kjrc pjpuinr, cspco`niiy nkjelst
yjuel pcjpic ‟ neb tjbny wc'rc fj`ecb dy sjkcjec wmj's tr`cb n eukdcr eukdcr jg b`l`tni bctjx not`v`t`cs neb `s mcrc
tj l`vc us sjkc nbv`oc ndjut `t. Nknebn W W`eoc,
`eoc, wciojkc tj tmc sstub`j.
tub`j.
Nknebn66 Rmnea yju vvcry
Nknebn cry ku
kuom.
om.

Mƨ
Xrcscetcr66 _j, Nknebn, yju wjra gjr n gnsm`je knlnz`ec `e Ijeb
Xrcscetcr Ijebje,
je, r`lmt: @ lucss yjur wjra kcnes
kcnes yju eccb
tj dc jei`ec n ijt.

E
Nknebn66 Jm, ycs. Npnrt grjk tmc muebrcbs jg ckn`is @ lct cvcry bny, @'k niwnys drjws`el gnsm`je wcds`tcs,
Nknebn
ns wcii ns jei`ec v`bcjs. @ nisj eccb tj dc vcry vcry not`vc jei`ec, cspco`niiy je Rw`ttcr neb @estnlrnk ‟ smnr`el
wmnt wc'rc bj`el `e tmc knlnz`ec, `etcrnot`el w`tm bcs`lecrs, pmjtjlrnpmcrs, `egiuceocrs … `t ecvcr stjps,

P
i`tcrniiy. Rmce jg ojursc tmcrc's ky gr`cebs neb gnk`iy tj accp `e tjuom w`tm jei`ec tjj, neb gjr kc, ky wjra
lrcw jut jg ky pnss`je, sj gr`cebs neb wjra ojiicnlucs nrce't twj tjtniiy scpnrntc lrjups jg pcjpic neb `t nii
lcts n d`t kcssy jei`ec sjkct`kcs. @ tm`ea @'k jei`ec gjr nt icnst >4 mjurs n bny.

S
Xrcscetcr66 _j, mmjw
Xrcscetcr jw b`b yju llct
ct tmc ``bcn
bcn gjr n b`l`
b`l`tni
tni bctj
bctjx:
x:
Nknebn66 @ rcnb n ddjja
Nknebn jja ndj
ndjut
ut `t, oni
oniicb
icb Ijl Jgg6 Mjw tj _tny Ojeecotcb ngtcr B`sojeecot`el. Rmc nutmjr's

^
enkc `s Dinac _ejw. Rmnt djja lnvc kc sjkc rcniiy ljjb nbv`oc neb knbc kc tm`ea ndjut try`el tj omnelc
sjkc jg ky b`l`tni mnd`ts. @ stnrtcb w`tm rckjv`el b`strnot`je.
Xrcscetcr66 \mnt bj yju k
Xrcscetcr kcne
cne dy tm
tmnt:
nt:
Nknebn
Nknebn6 6 Rmnt neb
kcnes ture`el@ wns
jgg nicrts,
niwnysduzzcs, ninrkstjjrijja
ejt`g`ont`jes
ejt`g`ont`jes jg c.
neyTckjv`el
a`eb. @ mnb
nii ejt`g`ont`jes sct gjr
up

K
gjr cvcrytm`el, `t kcnet dc`el gjrocb nt ky pmje
pmjec. jg tmck cxocpt
`kpjrtnet ojetnots mcipcb kc gjous `kkcb`ntciy. Rmc djja nisj knbc n rcniiy ljjb pj`et, tmnt wc smjuib nsa

Í
jurscivcs '\my:' cvcry t`kc wc tnac jut jur pmjec. @ rcni`scb tmnt kjst jg tmc t`kcs @ ijjacb nt ky pmjec wcrc
dconusc @ wns try`el tj nvj`b jr `lejrc sjkctm`el cisc mnppce`el r`lmt `e grjet jg kc. @t wns ne nutjknt`o

A
mnd`t.
Xrcscetcr66 @ mnvc tj ojegcss, tmnt mnppces tj kc tjj. Dut wmnt cisc nrc yju lj`el tj bj wmce
Xrcscetcr wmce yju'rc stneb`el
`e i`ec nt tmc dnea jr wn`
wn`t`el
t`el gjr yju
yjurr trn`e:

P
Nknebn66 JA, ycs, @'k tm
Nknebn tmcc g`rst tj nbk`t tmnt `t's lrcnt gjr mcip`el t`kc lj
lj dy. Dut spcna`el pcrsjeniiy, @ gjueb
@ wnse't fust omcoa`el ky pmjec pmjec tj a`ii t`kc wmce @ wns nijec. @ wns nisj bj`el `t w`tm gr`cebs jjrr gnk`iy

Ẩ
nrjueb.
Xrcscetcr66 Mkkk … r`lmt. \cii, sj gnr, tm`s bbjcse't
Xrcscetcr jcse't sjueb tjj brnst`o. Rure`el jgg ejt`g`ont`jes neb dcojk`el
nwnrc jg wmce wc usc jur bcv`ocs. Rmnt sjuebs cnsy.
Nknebn66 Pcs, `t's tmc g`rst stcp. Jeoc wc dcl`e tj rcni`sc fust mjw kuom jg n lr`p jur
Nknebn jur bcv`ocs mnvc je us, tmce
wc'rc rcnby
gjueb tj rcniiy
`t cns`cr tmne @tnac
b`b.tmc
Gjrecxt
kc,stcp. G`rst,
`t wns ky pnrtecr
n i`ttic nebnt@ g`rst
d`t sonry b`b ndut
wccaceb w`tm
`t turecb jutndsjiutciy ej sorcces.
tj dc n prctty _mc
rcwnrb`el

B
cxpcr`ceoc.
Xrcscetcr66 N wmjic wccaceb, mum: @ bje't aejw `g @ oju
Xrcscetcr ojuib
ib ...

Nknebn6 @ tm`ea cvcryjec mns tj bj tm`s nt tmc`r jwe pnoc. @g n wccaceb gccis tjj kuom, knydc fust try gjr ne
Nknebn6
cvce`el. Rmce wjra yjur wny up tj kjrc. @ lunrnetcc, jeoc yju'vc tr`cb `t, yju'ii wnet tj try `t nln`e. \c'rc
lj`el tj try gjr n wmjic wcca `e tmc sukkcr.
Xrcscetcr66 JA, ict's pnusc tmcrc tmce neb scc wmnt jur i`stcecrs mnvc tj sny.
Xrcscetcr sny. Pju one onii us mcrc b`rcotiy, jr
sceb us n kcssnlc je ney jg jur sjo`ni kcb`n omneecis ... jjps, smjuib @ dc sny`el tmnt: Neywny, kjrc ngtcr

I
tmc drcna.

Rrnesor`pt
>.
N
D66 \ Bjmyyjbujeu‐etbycjrsutnseccb w
tmmcnstc `et cw
snyosnjkectrn
rns
mcs:b`@sopne
inytusorerc`ctej:e, dut `t wje‐t ict kc tnac nac ney p`oturcs.
@
N6 Ljjb `bcn. Ict‐
D6 Pc Pcnm
nm.. @t kcn
t‐ss scc … @t sny
cnees tmc
tmc ononkc
kcrn rn‐s
nyss, ’Kckjry onr
‐s kc
kckj kjry
ry `s guguii
nrbb guii.‛ @s tmnt n prjdick
ii.. Pju
ju‐i‐iii mnv
nvcc tj crns
crnscc sjk
ck::
jkcc p`
p`ot
otur
urcs
G
cs..
@ O
G
4.
N6 Jm!
D6 \mnt nt‐‐s tmc knttc tcrr, I`sn:

J
N6 Nii @ wnet `s sjkc i`lmt mcrc. One yju mcip kc lct tm`s ginsmi`lmt tj wjra:
D6 Mkk. @ tm`e `eaa tmtmcc dnttcrcr``cs nrc bcnb. \my bje‐t yju try rcp rcpino`
o`eel tmtmcck:
N6 Jm, ycnm. Ljjb `bcn.

E
?.
N6 @ prjk`s `sccb ky w`gc wc‐b mnvc r`oc w`tm `tm jur b`eecr cr,, dut @ one‐t lct tm`s r`o `occ ojjacr tj wjra. @t‐ t‐ss tna`el n
rc
rcni
niiy
iy ij
ijel
el t`
t`kkc tj oj ojjja tmc
tmc r`oc
r`oc..
D6 Ic Ictt kc ijj
ijja `es``es`bbc. Mc
Mcrc rc‐s
‐s tmtmcc pr
prjjdi
dick
ck.. Pj
Pjuu nb nbbbcb tj tjjj ku
kuomom wn
wntc tcr.
r. Rmnt‐
mnt‐ss wm
wmyy `t`t‐s
‐s tna
tna`e
`ell sj ij
ijel
el..
N6 Jm. Rmnt knacs scesc.
2.

M ƨ
N6 @‐k tj tjttni
niiiy ojeguscb. @ fust wnet tj mcn cnrr ky ecw OB, dut tmc OB pinyc nycr wje‐t piny iny `t.

E
D6 @ tm`ea @ aejw wmnt tmc prjdick `s. Rmc vjiuk iukc `s tjj tjj ijwijw. Rmnt nt‐‐s wmy yju one‐t mcnr tmc kus`o `o.. Mcrc, fust
pusm tm`s duttje.
N6 Nii r`lmt. Rmneas!

P
3.
N6 @ wnwnsmsmcbcb tmcs
tmcscc b`s `smmcs `e tmtmcc b`s `smmwn
wnsm
smcr
cr,, du
dutt tmtmcy
cy‐r‐rcc st`i
st`iii b`rty
`rty.. @t
@t‐s
‐s rcni
rcniiy
iy grus
grustr
trnt
nt`e`ell.
D6 Pcnm nm.. @‐
@‐iii tci
ciii yju wmnt tmc prjdick `s. Pju b`be‐t r`esc tmc b`smcs g`r g`rst. @t‐s ne jib b`smwnsmcr, sj yju

S
mnv
nvcc tj bj tm tmnt
nt..

^
Í K
A
P
Ẩ
B