BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

NEIL FE M. CAMPOS
Quarter 3 - Module 1

Role Of Hormones in the

Female and Male
Reproductive Systems

Goal:
1. identify the major
endocrine glands in the
human body;
2. explain the role of
hormones involved in the
female and male
reproductive systems
(S10LT-IIIb-34);
Identify the glands of the endocrine
Answers:
system. Choose your answer from the box
below.
1. Pituitary gland
2. Thyroid gland
5. 1. 3. Adrenal gland
4. Testes
6. 5. Pineal Gland
6. Parathyroid gland
7. Pancreas
8. Ovary
2.
3.
7.

8.

4.

ovary Pineal Adrenal Pancre

gland gland as
Pituitary Parathyroi Thyroid testes
gland d gland gland
 The hypothalamus is the master
The endocrine system is a regulator or control center of the
collection of cells and glands endocrine system, producing hormones
that control and regulate many other
that produce and release
tissues of the body.
hormones into the
bloodstream.
Hormones are chemicals
that have effects in distant
areas of the body.
The endocrine system
is a communication
network similar to the
nervous system, but  Thyrotropin releasing hormone,
 Corticotropin releasing hormone,
slower and covering  Growth hormone releasing
longer distances. hormone
 Prolactin releasing hormone
 Hypothalamus
The pituitary
gland is Thyrotropin RH
connected to Corticotropin
the RH
hypothalamus Growth HRH
and produces Prolactin RH
Gonadotropin
and releases
RH
hormones in
response to Thyroid SH
 Oxytocin
hormones from Adrenocorticotropi
 Anti-diuretic
c SH
Anterior pituitary gland -the
connected hormone
hypothalamus. Growth SH
to the hypothalamus through a blood  Oxytocin(ADH)
- facilitate
Prolactin SH
supply, and the hypothalamus releases childbirth, which is one of
Gonadotropin SH the reasons it is called the
hormones to tell the anterior pituitary
Luteinizing SH "love drug" or "love
gland to release its hormones hormone.“ Promotes
Follicle SH
Posterior pituitary gland is connected positive feelings
to the hypothalamus through nerves,  ADH - causes the kidneys
to release less water,
and the hypothalamus sends nervous decreasing the amount of
signals to tell the posterior pituitary urine produced. Maintain
gland to release hormones. hydration.
Thyroid
 T3 - triiodothyronine
 T4 - thyroxine
 Calcitonin -maintaining Mammary gland
Calcium levels in the Prolactin
bloodstream. ↑ milk production
Adrenal gland
 cortisol,
 aldosterone
 androgens

Growth hormone
↑ growth and
metabolic processes

Ovaries
 LH → ovulation → progesterone H
Preparing
 FSH → follicle maturation → estrogen H
the uterus
Testes
 LH → Leydig cells → testosterone H Sperm
 FSH → Sertoli cells → Androgen binding
protein
(ABP)
  Scrotum – a sac that houses the
Male Reproductive Organ
testes or the testicles that make
 To produce and supply
sperm and, to do this, the
sperm temperature of the testicles
needs to be cooler than the inside
of the –body.
 Testes produce both sperm
and androgens, primarily
testosterone.

Leydig cells → testosterone

Sertoli Cells → ABP
Sperm
scrotum production
Testes

Anterior → Gonadotropin → LH
Why is the scrotum located Pituitary gland SH FSH
hanging outside the body?
Male Reproductive Organ  Scrotum – a sac that houses the
 To produce and supply testes or the testicles that make
sperm sperm and, to do this, the
temperature of the testicles
needs to be cooler than the
inside of the body.
Seminal
vesicle
 Testes – produce both sperm
and androgens, primarily
testosterone.
Vas deferens  Epididymis – store sperms for
maturation and transport
epididymis
 Vas deferens – transports mature
sperm to the urethra in
scrotum preparation for ejaculation
Testes
 Seminal vesicle – store and
produce fructose and the
Vasectomy majority of the fluid that makes
up semen
Male Reproductive Organ  Ejaculatory duct– transport
 To produce and supply semen through the urethra
sperm
 Prostate gland – produce
fluid that nourishes and
Seminal transports sperm
Prostate vesicle
gland Ejaculatory duct  Urethra – allow passage of
Urethra urine and semen
Penis
Vas deferens
 Penis – used for urination
epididymis
and sexual intercourse

scrotum
Testes

Digital rectal examination

(DRE)
Male Reproductive Organ Male Sex Hormone
 To produce and supply
sperm
Testosterone
Responsible for the
Seminal
vesicle
development of
Prostate
gland Ejaculatory duct secondary sexual
Urethra characteristics in men,
Vas deferens
Penis including facial and
epididymis body hair growth and
voice change and
Testes
scrotum
regulate fertility,
muscle mass, fat
distribution,
production of red
Study each picture that is associated with
a particular gland in the endocrine system. Pituitary
Identify the hormones it produces and Prolactin
stimulates production of
give the function of that hormone. milk

Testes
Testosterone
stimulates the
appearance of adams apple

Ovary
LH, FSH, progesterone,
estrogen
FSH – follicle maturations Ovary
and production of estrogen Estrogen
LH -stimulate ovulation and stimulates the
production of progesterone appearance the development
of breast
Testes
Testosterone
stimulates the growth of
facial hair
1. Which two hormones produced by the
testes contribute to the male
reproductive system's healthy function?
a. Estrogen and Androgen
b. Progesterone and Estrogen
c. Androgen and Testosterone
d. Testosterone and Progesterone
2. Sperm cells are stored primarily in the
_________ .
a) vas deferens
b) Seminal vesicles
c) Ejaculatory duct
d) epididymis
3. Which of the following best describes the
role of the hormone testosterone in the
Male Reproductive System?
a) Stimulates mature egg cell production
b) Stimulates secondary sex characteristics
c) Stimulates secretion of luteinizing hormone
d) Increases the production of Follicle
Stimulating Hormone
4. Seminal vesicles produce_________
a) sperm cells
b) testosterone
c) Fructose-rich fluid
d) estrogen
5. What type of cells in the testes of
male are the primary source of
testosterone?
a) Leydig cells
b) Egg cells
c) Sertoli cells
d) Sperm cells
The female reproductive  vagina is a muscular canal that
system joins the cervix to the outside
 Produces female sex cells of the body. It can widen to
Receives sperm cells from the accommodate a baby during
delivery and then shrink.
male
 cervix is the lowest part of
Nurtures the development of
your uterus. A hole in the
and provides nourishment for middle allows sperm to enter
the new individual and menstrual blood to exit.
Your cervix opens to allow a
baby to come out during a
vaginal childbirth.
 uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped
organ that holds a fetus during
pregnancy. It is divided into
two parts: the cervix and the
corpus. Corpus is the larger
part of your uterus that
expands during pregnancy.
The female reproductive system  Ovaries are small, oval-
Produces female sex cells shaped glands that are
Receives sperm cells from the located on either side of
male your uterus. Your ovaries
Nurtures the development of produce eggs and hormones.
and provides nourishment for
the new individual  Fallopian tubes, (uterine
tube)are narrow tubes that
are attached to the upper
part of your uterus and
serve as pathways for your
egg to travel from your
ovaries to your uterus.
The female reproductive system
consists of internal and external  Endometrium is the inner
organs. lining of your uterus. This
 Produces female sex cells tissue is what you shed
 Receives sperm cells from the male
during a menstrual period.
 Nurtures the development of and
provides nourishment for the new
individual
 Myometrium is the thick
middle muscle layer of the
corpus of the uterus that
expands during pregnancy to
hold the growing baby. It
endometrium contracts during labor to
myometrium push the baby out.
 The Menstrual Cycle Menstrual Phase
The menstrual cycle is the monthly cycle of 1
changes that happens in the Female
Reproductive system. Typically, the cycle is
about 28 days long, although it can be as
short as 18 days or as long as 40 days.
Follicular Phase
Purpose: 2
 To prepare the body for a possible
pregnancy
Ovulation Phase
3
When pregnancy does not
occur, a menstrual bleed
happens. This bleeding is
called a menstrual period Luteal Phase
or menstruation.
4
Hypothalamus Primary Primordial
follicle
Follicle - A small, fluid-filled sac in the
follicle
ovary that contains one immature egg

Secondary estrogen
APG PPG follicle prepares the uterine lining
corpus luteum for implantation
FSH • Endometrial thickening
progesterone
LH FSH
Egg cell
ovary LH

Follicular phase Luteal phase

ovary
estrogen level

Hormone
increases progesterone
level decreases

0 7 14 21 28
Duration of female menstrual cycle
 Estrogen and progesterone in the  The follicle becomes the corpus
control of the menstrual cycle: luteum and this produces
progesterone which inhibit Lh and
 The pituitary gland produces FSH
FSH production by the pituitary.
which causes the development of a
This is an example of negative
follicle in the ovary.
feedback
 As the egg develops inside the
 Progesterone maintains the uterus
follicle, the follicle produces the
lining (the thickness of the uterus
hormone estrogen.
wall).
 The estrogen causes growth and
 If the egg has not been fertilized,
repair of the lining of the uterus wall.
the corpus luteum dies and
 Estrogen inhibits FSH.
progesterone levels drop. This
 When estrogen rises high enough
causes menstruation, where the
level, it causes a surge in LH from the
uterus lining breaks down - this is
pituitary which causes ovulation
known as having a period.
where an egg is released from the
follicle (Day 14 of the cycle).
Negative feedback affects the
production of hormones in the
menstrual cycle. High levels of one
hormone may inhibit the production
of another hormone.
 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulates the ovaries to release
estrogen. High levels of estrogen
then prevent further production of
FSH.
 Estrogen, on the other hand,
stimulates the release of luteinizing
hormone (LH) from the pituitary
gland, which in turn controls the
production of progesterone. High
levels of progesterone then inhibit
the further release of LH.
 Summary of Stimulating Summary of Stimulating
Hormones and Sex Hormones Hormones and Sex Hormones

Male Female
FSH – Testosterone – sperm FSH – Estrogen – secondary
production and secondary male female sexual characteristics
sexual characteristics
LH – Progesterone – supports
LH – ABP – binds with menstruation and helps
testosterone for the production maintain the early stages of a
of sperm pregnancy
Four phases of the Menstrual Cycle
2. Follicular Phase
 FSH and stimulates ovarian follicle
1. Menstruation Phase to grow and reach maturity
 elimination of the internal lining  produces 10 to 20 follicles in the
of the uterine wall along with ovary and each follicle houses an
other secretions from the body immature egg
through the vagina  produce the hormone estrogen,
 caused by the low amount of which in turn thickens the lining of
estrogen and progesterone that the endometrium in preparation
allows the shedding of the uterine to receive a fertilized egg.
lining.  This takes 1-13 days
 Periods usually last between 3 to
7 days.
Four phases of the Menstrual Cycle
4. Luteal Phase
 the uterus is ready to receive a
fertilized egg
3. Ovulation Phase  the egg usually takes 3 to 4 days
 occurs in the middle of the cycle, to reach the uterus
around day 14  if the egg has been fertilized by a
 formation of a mature egg by one sperm cell, it attaches to the thick,
of the ovaries blood-filled lining of the uterus
 raised levels of luteinizing and starts pregnancy
hormone extracts the mature egg  if an egg is not fertilized, the egg
from the follicle and transports it and the lining of the uterus break
to the fallopian tube down
 If fertilization does not occur  extra blood and tissue leave the
during this phase, the egg body through the vagina,
continues to the uterus and menstrual period begins which
dissolves within 6 to 24 hours signifies the start of another cycle.
 Some physical and psychological
changes may occur in the last phase
of the cycle. These changes occur due
to the sudden drop in progesterone
and estrogen.

“Dysmenorrhea” is the medical

term for painful menstrual periods.
It happens because your uterus
contracts to shed its lining. The pain
typically begins just before your
period and subsides after a few
days.
Thank You
SPIN