INDIRA NATIONAL SCHOOL

WAKAD, PUNE
Matter in our Surroundings
Anwer Key_Assignment No. 1

(Q. Nos. 1- 4) consists of 4 multiple-choice questions, with one correct answer, carrying
1 mark each.
Q.1 1. Which one of the following sets of phenomena would show an increase on increasing the
temperature?
(a) Diffusion, evaporation, compression of gases
(b) Evaporation, compression of gases, solubility
(c) Evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gases
(d) Evaporation, solubility, diffusion, compression of gases
Ans: (c) Evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gases
Explanation: (1) Evaporation is conversation of liquid into gas. Evaporation happens because
of absorption of heat by liquid molecules. Increase in heat energy increases the kinetic energy
of liquid particles. Hence, increasing the temperature increases the rate of evaporation of a
liquid.
(2) Increased kinetic energy of particles also increases the rate of diffusion (movement of
particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration).
(3) Increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of gas particles. Hence, gases expand
(opposite of compression) when temperature is increased.
(4) Increase in temperature also leads to increase in solubility of solute particles.
(5) Compression of gases requires an increase in pressure and a decrease in temperature.
Q.2 During summers, water kept in an earthen pot becomes cooler after some time. Which
phenomenon leads to the cooling of water in an earthen pot?
(a) Diffusion
(b) Transpiration
(c) Osmosis
(d) Evaporation
Ans: (d) Evaporation
Explanation: Evaporation of water through the pores of the earthen pot reduces the

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 temperature of the immediate surroundings. Due to this, water in the earthen pot becomes
cooler after some time. Transpiration is a phenomenon that happens in plants. Osmosis
happens between regions of different concentrations of solvent through a semi-permeable
membrane.
Q.3 When converted to Kelvin scale, what will be the correct sequence
of the temperatures 25 °C, 38 °C and 66 °C?
(a) 298 K, 311 K and 339 K
(b) 298 K, 300 K and 338 K
(c) 273 K, 278 K and 543 K
(d) 298 K, 310 K and 338 K
Ans: (a) 298 K, 311 K and 339 K
Explanation: Add 273 to each Celsius measurement to convert it to a Kelvin measurement.
25 °C + 273 = 298 K, 38 °C + 273 = 311 K, 66 °C +273 = 339K
Q.4 Choose the correct statement for change of states of matter :-
(a) Conversion of solid into vapours without passing through the liquid state is called
vaporization.
(b) Conversion of vapours into solid without passing through the liquid state is called
sublimation.
(c) Conversion of vapours into solid without passing through the liquid state is called freezing.
(d) Conversion of solid into liquid is called sublimation.
Ans: (b) Conversion of vapours into solid without passing through the liquid state is called
sublimation.
Explanation: Sublimation is the change of solid/gas phase directly from the solid/gas phase to
the gaseous/solid phase without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.
Q.5 Which of the following represents the correct arrangement of substances arranged in an
increasing order of “forces of attraction” between their particles?
(a) Water, air, wind.
(b) Air, sugar, oil.
(c) Oxygen, water, sugar.
(d) Salt, juice, air.
Ans: (c) Oxygen, water, sugar
Explanation: Inter-molecular forces of attraction between the particles are
the weakest in gases (such as oxygen or air) and the strongest in solids (such as sugar or salt).

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 In liquids (such as water, oil, juice, etc), the inter-molecular forces of attraction are
intermediate of that in gases and solids.

(Q. No. 6 & 7) are very short answer types and carry 2 marks each.

Q.6 What is a dry ice and what are its properties?

Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide.
Following are the properties of dry ice –
● It is a sublimable substance
● It is extremely cold (colder than regular ice)
Q.7 Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature?
Ice at 273 K when comes in contact with our skin, absorbs heat from our body [latent
heat of fusion] for getting converted into water which water does not. Hence ice is more
effective in cooling.
(Q. No. 8-10) are short answer types and carry 3 marks each.

Q.8 a) What are the differences between boiling and evaporation?

b) In which case evaporation of water will be faster - near the sea or far away from sea.

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 Ans:
a)

Boiling Evaporation

Property

Definition The process of conversion of The process of conversion of

liquid to vapours at a fixed liquid into vapours at any
temperature called as the temp below the boiling point
boiling point of the liquid of the liquid

Source of energy Heat has to be provided Heat is taken up from the

externally surroundings (atmosphere
and the liquid)

Phenomenon Bulk Surface

Process Rapid Slow

b) Evaporation will be faster away from the sea.

Reason – The air around the sea is humid. Rate of evaporation is inversely
proportional to humidity while far away from the sea the water vapour
content would be less and hence evaporation will be faster far away from sea

Q.9 Account for the Following:

a) A diver can easily cut through water in a swimming pool.
b) We can smell perfume sitting several meters away.
c) The smell of sizzling food reaches you several meters away but to get the smell of cold
food you have to go close.
a) Water being a liquid has large intermolecular spaces and the forces of attraction
between the particles are also less. Hence we can cut through water easily.

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 b) Perfumes, once released, quickly convert into vapours. The kinetic energy of gas
molecules is high & hence the rate of diffusion is high. Therefore, we can
smell the perfume sitting several meters away.
c) Particles present in the matter possess kinetic energy and therefore move constantly. At
lower temperature, particles have low kinetic energy and thus move slowly. But as
soon as the temperature rises, these particles move faster than when they were in cold.
Temperature increases kinetic energy also increases which in turn increases the rate of
diffusion.
Therefore, the particles of hot vapors coming out of hot sizzling food reach several
meters away. Whereas the particles in the cold food move slowly, diffuse slowly and
thus do not reach us when we are away even a few meters.
Q.10 With the help of an activity show that gases are highly compressible
Aim - To show that gases are highly compressible.
Materials - Syringe -3, rubber cork, water, sand
required
Procedure - Insert the nozzle of each syringe into a rubber cork
Pull out the piston from all the syringes.
Fill one of the syringes with sand and second one with
water. Let the third syringe be empty.
Insert pistons in all the syringes.
Try to push the pistons into the syringes with almost
equal force .
Observation - The piston can be easily pushed inside the syringe that
was empty (contained air).
The piston in the syringe filled with water was pushed
slightly but the one with sand could not be pushed inside.
Conclusion - Gases are highly compressible.

(Q. No. 11-14) are Assertion and Reason types of Question .(1 marks each )
Directions: Each of the following questions consist of two statements, one is Assertion
and the other is Reason. Of the statements, given below, mark the correct answer as:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

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 (c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Q.11 Assertion : A gas can easily be compressed by applying pressure.

Reason : Since the inter-particle spaces between gases are very large, the space can decrease
by applying pressure.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
Q.12 Assertion : It is easier to cook food at sea level as compared to higher altitudes.
Reason : The boiling point of water decreases at high altitudes.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
Q.13 Assertion : The solids(non-sublimable) do not diffuse in air.
Reason : The particles are loosely packed in solids.
(c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
Q.14 Assertion : The rate of evaporation increases with increase in temperature.
Reason: Increase in temperature decreases the kinetic energy of the particles.
(c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
Case Study (4 marks)
(Q. No.15-17) are case-based questions, read the passage carefully and answer the questions
that follow.
You must have observed that the rate of evaporation increases with–

● an increase of surface area:

● We know that evaporation is a surface phenomenon. If the surface area is increased, the
rate of evaporation increases. For example, while putting clothes for drying up we
spread them out.
● an increase of temperature:

With the increase of temperature, more number of particles get enough kinetic energy to go into
the vapour state.

In an open vessel, the liquid keeps on evaporating. The particles of liquid absorb energy from the
surrounding to regain the energy lost during evaporation. This absorption of energy from the
surroundings makes the surroundings cold. What happens when you pour some acetone (nail
polish remover) on your palm? The particles gain energy from your palm or surroundings and

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 evaporate causing the palm to feel cool. After a hot sunny day, people sprinkle water on the roof or
open ground because the large latent heat of vaporization of water helps to cool the hot surface.

Q.15 The rate of evaporation increases with

a.) Increase in wind speed

b.) Decrease in wind speed

c.) Does not have any effect from wind speed

d.) None of these

a)
Q.16 What happens when you pour some acetone (nail polish remover) on your palm?
The particles gain energy from your palm or surroundings and evaporate causing the palm to feel
cool.
Q.17 We are able to sip hot tea from a saucer rather than from a cup. Why?
We are able to sip hot tea from a saucer rather than from a cup. This is because saucer has a large
surface area, due to the large surface area as compared to cut area tea evaporates at a faster rate.
OR
During hot summer evenings, we often sprinkle water on the roof of the house or open
ground in front of our house.Why?
The water evaporates by absorbing heat from the ground and the surrounding air. By losing heat,
the ground becomes cool and we feel comfortable.
(Q. 18 & 19) are Diagram based questions (2 Marks)
Q.18 A student heats a beaker containing ice and water. He measures the temperature of the content
of the beaker as a function of time. Which of the following would correctly represent the
result? Justify your choice.

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 Ans: Graph (d) represents the result correctly. Before the student starts to heat the mixture, the
temperature of the mixture would be zero since ice and water are in equilibrium. When the
student heats the mixture, heat supplied (equivalent of latent heat of fusion) is initially utilized
by ice in melting. Hence, the temperature does not change till all the ice in the beaker melts.
This explains the first part of the graph (constant temperature). When the student heats the
mixture further, he will observe an increase in the temperature of the water inside the beaker.
This explains the second part / slope of the graph (increasing temperature).
Q.19 Draw diagram to show interconversion among states of matter.
Ans.

(Q. No. 20 & 21) are long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.

Q.20 a) You are provided with a mixture of naphthalene and ammonium chloride by your
teacher. Suggest an activity to separate them with a well-labelled diagram.
b) Comment on the following statements:-
i) Rate of evaporation of an aqueous solution decreases with increase in
humidity.
ii) Sponge though compressible is a solid.

Ans: a) Naphthalene is insoluble in water but soluble in ether (an organic solvent) whereas
ammonium chloride is soluble in water. Naphthalene is volatile at room temperature whereas
ammonium chloride is volatile at a higher temperature. Their mixture can be separated through
decantation of their aqueous mixture. Naphthalene remains insoluble in water and can be
collected in a funnel. The filtrate of ammonium chloride can be evaporated to obtain dry
ammonium chloride.

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 b) i) At a given temperature, air surrounding us cannot hold more than a definite amount of
water vapour. This is known as humidity. If the surrounding air has high water vapour content,
the air will not take up more water vapours. Therefore, the rate of evaporation decreases with
increase in humidity.
ii) Though sponge is a solid but the material of the sponge is not rigid like other solids. A
piece of sponge has minute holes inside it. These holes trap the air. When the sponge is
pressed, the trapped air is expelled out. Thus, sponge is compressible.
Q.21 Discuss the various factors which affect the rate of evaporation. Latent heat of evaporation of
two liquids A and B is 100 J/kg and 150 J/kg respectively. Which one can produce more
cooling effect and why?
Answer:
Factors affecting the rate of evaporation:

● Surface area: The rate of evaporation increases with increase in surface area.
● Temperature: The rate of evaporation increases with increase in temperature.
● Humidity: The rate of evaporation decreases with increase in humidity.
● Wind speed: The rate of evaporation increases with increase in wind speed.
● Nature of the liquid: The volatile compounds evaporate faster than less volatile
compounds (liquids).
B will produce more cooling effect because it will absorb more heat from the
surroundings for evaporation.

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