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FM Modulation

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M Odeh
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6 views

FM Modulation

Uploaded by

M Odeh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Al-Balqa' Applied University

Faculty of Engineering Technology

Laboratory Communication Lab


Experiement FM modulation
Name Ahmad Imad Hasan Issa
Reg Number 31815020024
Instructor Dr.Aws Al-Qaisy
Lab Time Wed 2-5
Date 24/4/2020
Table of contents:
Part Page number
Abstract 2
Objectives 3
Materials 3
Theoretical Notions 3
Frequency Deviation F and modulation 4
index mf :
Modulation Characteristics 4

Frequency deviation and modulation 5


index
Conclusions: 6

Abstract:
In this experiment we studied about FM modulation so
I'm going to discuss in this report about it
First, we will discuss about the objectives of the
experiment then we will mention the tools that we used
in this experiment after that we will discuss more about
the experiment as in this report
Objectives:
• Examine the main parameters of a frequency
modulated
signal.
• Describe the operation of Varicap diode.
• Carry out characteristic measurements on a frequency
modulation.

Material:
• basic unit (power supply mod. PSU/EV, module-
holder unit
mod. MU/EV, individual control unit mod.
SIS1/SIS2/SIS3).
• experiment module mod. MCM21/EV.
• dual trace oscilloscope.
• function generator.
• frequency meter.

Theoretical Notions:

Consider the modulating signal is vm(t) with pulse ,


and
another signal vc(t) called carrier signal with pulse  :
vm(t) = B sin(wt).
vc(t) = A sin(wt).
Varying the frequency of the carrier vc(t) an a way
proportional to the amplitude of the modulating signal
vm(t). we
obtain vM(t) frequency modulated signal, which can be
expressed by the following relation :
vM(t) = A sin[w(t)].
with w(t) as instant angle function of vM(t)
Frequency Deviation F and modulation index
mf:

The instant frequency F(t) of the modulated signal, as a


sine wave modulating, results:
F(t) = _(t) = _ + KBsin(wt)
2_ 2_
Fmin at angle _t = 270°. So Fmin = _ - K_B
2_
Fmax taken at angle _t = 90°. So Fmax = (_ - K_B) / 2_ .

The frequency deviation F represents the maximum shift


between the modulated signal frequency, over and under
the
frequency of the carrier:
F = Fmax – Fmin
2
Modulation index is defined as the ration between _F and
modulating frequency f :

Modulation Characteristics :
• The circuit VCO1 is used set for : Level about 2 Vp-p,
Frequency to the minimum, deviator on 1500 kHz.
• Connect the oscilloscope and frequency meter across the
output of the modulator (TP6).
• Connect the voltmeter to the cursor of the frequency
regulation potentiometer (TP4).
• Carry the voltage by frequency command with steps of
0.5 volt and fill the table with the corresponding voltage
and frequency values.
• Report the measured voltage and frequency values on a
graph.
Frequency deviation and modulation index:
• Set the VCO1 for: Level about 2 Vp-p; frequency 1 Mhz.
• Apply a sine signal with 1 Vp-p and 1 kHz frequency
across
modulator input (TP3).
• Connect the oscilloscope to the output of the modulator
(TP6).
• The frequency deviation can be calculated as follows:
• from the oscilloscope evaluate FM and Fm, detecting the
periods of the respective sine wave and making the
inverse.
• The frequency deviation is defined as : F = (FM - Fm)/2
Conclusion:
- the main difference between both modulations is that
in frequency modulation, the frequency of the carrier
wave is modified as per the transmit data, while in
amplitude modulation, the carrier wave is modified
according to the data.

- Advantages of FM modulation:

1. In Fm receivers the noise can be reduced by


increasing the frequency deviation and hence Fm
reception is immune to noise as compared to AM
reception,
2. FM transmission can be used for the stereo sound
transmission due to a large number of side bands.

- Disadvantages of FM modulation:
1. The bandwidth in FM transmission is 10 times as
large as that needed in AM transmission. Hence
wider frequency channel is required in FM
transmission.
2. The transmitting and receiving equipments are very
complex in FM

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