Cheatsheets / Learn Python 3

Hello World

Comments
A comment is a piece of text within a program that is not executed. It can be # Comment on a single line
used to provide additional information to aid in understanding the code.
The # character is used to start a comment and it continues until the end of
the line. user = "JDoe" # Comment after code

Arithmetic Operations
Python supports different types of arithmetic operations that can be performed # Arithmetic operations
on literal numbers, variables, or some combination. The primary arithmetic
operators are:
+ for addition result = 10 + 30
- for subtraction result = 40 - 10
* for multiplication result = 50 * 5
/ for division
result = 16 / 4
% for modulus (returns the remainder)
** for exponentiation result = 25 % 2
result = 5 ** 3

Plus-Equals Operator +=
The plus-equals operator += provides a convenient way to add a value to an # Plus-Equal Operator
existing variable and assign the new value back to the same variable. In the case
where the variable and the value are strings, this operator performs string
concatenation instead of addition. counter = 0
The operation is performed in-place, meaning that any other variable which counter += 10
points to the variable being updated will also be updated.

# This is equivalent to

counter = 0
counter = counter + 10

# The operator will also perform string concatenation

message = "Part 1 of message "

message += "Part 2 of message"

Variables
A variable is used to store data that will be used by the program. This data can # These are all valid variable names and assignment
be a number, a string, a Boolean, a list or some other data type. Every variable
has a name which can consist of letters, numbers, and the underscore
character _ . user_name = "codey"
The equal sign = is used to assign a value to a variable. After the initial user_id = 100
assignment is made, the value of a variable can be updated to new values as
verified = False
needed.

# A variable's value can be changed after assignment

points = 100
points = 120

Modulo Operator %
A modulo calculation returns the remainder of a division between the first and # Modulo operations
second number. For example:
The result of the expression 4 % 2 would result in the value 0,
because 4 is evenly divisible by 2 leaving no remainder. zero = 8 % 4
The result of the expression 7 % 3 would return 1, because 7 is not
evenly divisible by 3, leaving a remainder of 1.
nonzero = 12 % 5
Integers
An integer is a number that can be written without a fractional part (no decimal). # Example integer numbers
An integer can be a positive number, a negative number or the number 0 so
long as there is no decimal portion.
The number 0 represents an integer value but the same number written as chairs = 4
0.0 would represent a floating point number. tables = 1
broken_chairs = -2
sofas = 0

# Non-integer numbers

lights = 2.5
left_overs = 0.0

String Concatenation
Python supports the joining (concatenation) of strings together using the + # String concatenation
operator. The + operator is also used for mathematical addition operations. If
the parameters passed to the + operator are strings, then concatenation will
first = "Hello "
be performed. If the parameter passed to + have different types, then Python
will report an error condition. Multiple variables or literal strings can be joined second = "World"
together using the + operator.

result = first + second

long_result = first + second + "!"

Errors
The Python interpreter will report errors present in your code. For most error if False ISNOTEQUAL True:
cases, the interpreter will display the line of code where the error was detected
^
and place a caret character ^ under the portion of the code where the error
was detected. SyntaxError: invalid syntax

ZeroDivisionError
A ZeroDivisionError is reported by the Python interpreter when it detects a numerator = 100
division operation is being performed and the denominator (bottom number) is
denominator = 0
0. In mathematics, dividing a number by zero has no defined value, so Python
treats this as an error condition and will report a ZeroDivisionError and display bad_results = numerator / denominator
the line of code where the division occurred. This can also happen if a variable
is used as the denominator and its value has been set to or changed to 0.
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

Strings
A string is a sequence of characters (letters, numbers, whitespace or user = "User Full Name"
punctuation) enclosed by quotation marks. It can be enclosed using either the
game = 'Monopoly'
double quotation mark " or the single quotation mark ' .
If a string has to be broken into multiple lines, the backslash character \ can
be used to indicate that the string continues on the next line. longer = "This string is broken up \
over multiple lines"

SyntaxError
A SyntaxError is reported by the Python interpreter when some portion of the age = 7 + 5 = 4
code is incorrect. This can include misspelled keywords, missing or too many
brackets or parenthesis, incorrect operators, missing or too many quotation
marks, or other conditions. File "<stdin>", line 1
SyntaxError: can't assign to operator

NameError
A NameError is reported by the Python interpreter when it detects a variable misspelled_variable_name
that is unknown. This can occur when a variable is used before it has been
assigned a value or if a variable name is spelled differently than the point at
which it was defined. The Python interpreter will display the line of code where NameError: name 'misspelled_variable_name' is not
defined
the NameError was detected and indicate which name it found that was not
defined.

Floating Point Numbers

Python variables can be assigned different types of data. One supported data # Floating point numbers
type is the floating point number. A floating point number is a value that
contains a decimal portion. It can be used to represent numbers that have
fractional quantities. For example, a = 3/5 can not be represented as an pi = 3.14159
integer, so the variable a is assigned a floating point value of 0.6 . meal_cost = 12.99
tip_percent = 0.20

print() Function
The print() function is used to output text, numbers, or other printable print("Hello World!")
information to the console.
It takes one or more arguments and will output each of the arguments to the
console separated by a space. If no arguments are provided, the print() print(100)
function will output a blank line.

pi = 3.14159
print(pi)

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