AoPS Community 2023 Caucasus Mathematical Olympiad

VIII Caucasus Mathematical Olympiad

www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3395367
by augustin p, a 507 bc

– Juniors

– Day 1

1 Determine the least positive integer n for which the following statement is true: the product of
any n odd consecutive positive integers is divisible by 45.

2 In a convex hexagon the value of each angle is 120◦ . The perimeter of the hexagon equals 2.
Prove that this hexagon can be covered by a triangle with perimeter at most 3.

3 The numbers 1, 2, 3, . . . , 2 |00 {z

. . . 0} 2 are written on the board. Is it possible to paint half of them
100 zeroes
red and remaining ones blue, so that the sum of red numbers is divisible by the sum of blue
ones?

4 Pasha and Vova play the game crossing out the cells of the 3 × 101 board by turns. At the start,
the central cell is crossed out. By one move the player chooses the diagonal (there can be 1, 2
or 3 cells in the diagonal) and crosses out cells of this diagonal which are still uncrossed. At
least one new cell must be crossed out by any player’s move. Pasha begins, the one who can
not make any move loses. Who has a winning strategy?

– Day 2

5 Is it possible to fill a table 1 × n with pairwise distinct integers such that for any k = 1, 2, . . . , n
one can find a rectangle 1 × k in which the sum of the numbers equals 0 if
a) n = 11;
b) n = 12?

6 Let a, b, c be positive integers such that

gcd(a, b) + lcm(a, b) = gcd(a, c) + lcm(a, c).

Does it follow from this that b = c?

7 Sasha has 10 cards with numbers 1, 2, 4, 8, . . . , 512. He writes the number 0 on the board and
invites Dima to play a game. Dima tells the integer 0 < p < 10, p can vary from round to round.
Sasha chooses p cards before which he puts a ”+” sign, and before the other cards he puts a
”−” sign. The obtained number is calculated and added to the number on the board. Find the

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AoPS Community 2023 Caucasus Mathematical Olympiad

greatest absolute value of the number on the board Dima can get on the board after several
rounds regardless Sasha’s moves.

8 Let ABC be an equilateral triangle with the side length equals a + b + c. On the side AB of
the triangle ABC points C1 and C2 are chosen, on the side BC points A1 and A2 , arc chosen,
and on the side CA points B1 and B2 are chosen such that A1 A2 = CB1 = BC2 = a, B1 B2 =
′ ′
AC1 = CA2 = b, C1 C2 = BA1 = AB2 = c. Let the point A be such that the triangle A B2 C1 is
′
equilateral, and the points A and A lie on different sides of the line B2 C1 . Similarly, the points
′ ′ ′ ′
B and C are constructed (the triangle B C2 A1 is equilateral, and the points B and B lie on
′ ′
different sides of the line C2 A1 ; the triangle C A2 B1 is equilateral, and the points C and C lie
′ ′ ′
on different sides of the line A2 B1 ). Prove that the triangle A B C is equilateral.

– Seniors

– Day 1

1 Let n and m be positive integers, n > m > 1. Let n divided by m have partial quotient q and
remainder r (so that n = qm + r, where r ∈ {0, 1, ..., m − 1}). Let n − 1 divided by m have partial
′ ′
quotient q and remainder r .
′ ′
a) It appears that q + q = r + r = 99. Find all possible values of n.
′ ′
b) Prove that if q + q = r + r , then 2n is a perfect square.

2 Given are reals a, b. Prove that at least one of the equations x4 −2b3 x+a4 = 0 and x4 −2a3 x+b4 =
0 has a real root.
Proposed by N. Agakhanov

3 a) Determine if there exists a convex hexagon ABCDEF with

∠ABD + ∠AED > 180◦ ,

∠BCE + ∠BF E > 180◦ ,

∠CDF + ∠CAF > 180◦ .
b) The same question, with additional condition, that diagonals AD, BE, and CF are concurrent.

4 Let n > k > 1 be positive integers and let G be a graph with n vertices such that among any k
vertices, there is a vertex connected to the rest k − 1 vertices. Find the minimal possible number
of edges of G.
Proposed by V. Dolnikov

– Day 2

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AoPS Community 2023 Caucasus Mathematical Olympiad

5 Same as Juniors P6

6 Let n ≤ 100 be an integer. Hare puts real numbers in the cells of a 100 × 100 table. By asking
Hare one question, Wolf can find out the sum of all numbers of a square n × n, or the sum of all
numbers of a rectangle 1 × (n − 1) (or (n − 1) × 1). Find the greatest n such that, after several
questions, Wolf can find the numbers in all cells, with guarantee.

7 Numbers 1, 2, . . . , n are written on the board. By one move, we replace some two numbers a, b
with the number a2 − b. Find all n such that after n − 1 moves it is possible to obtain 0.

8 Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle, and let AA1 , BB1 , CC1 be its altitudes. Points A′ , B ′ , C ′ are
chosen on the segments AA1 , BB1 , CC1 , respectively, so that ∠BA′ C = ∠AC ′ B = ∠CB ′ A =
90o . Let segments AC ′ and CA′ intersect at B”; points A”, C” are defined similarly. Prove that
hexagon A′ B”C ′ A”B ′ C” is circumscribed.

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