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INMO Practice Assignment 2

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27 views

INMO Practice Assignment 2

Uploaded by

bhanupratapsinghhada.fac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INMO-2019 WORKSHOP

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT-2

(Number Theory)

1. Let x1 be a given positive integer. A sequence  xn n  1   x1, x2 , x3 , ... of positive integers is such
that xn, for n  2, is obtained from xn – 1 by adding some nonzero digit of xn – 1. Prove that
(a) The sequence has an even number
(b) The sequence has infinitely many even numbers
2. (a) Prove that if n is a positive integer such that n  40112, then there exists an integer l such that
 1 
n  l 2  1  n .
 2005 
(b) Find the smallest positive integer M for which whenever an integer n is such that n  M, there
 1 
exists an integer l, such that n  l 2   1  n .
 2005 
3. Let n be a natural number such that n = a2 + b2 + c2, for some natural numbers a, b, c. Prove that 9n
= (p1a + q1b + r1c)2 + (p2a + q2b + r2c)2 + (p3a + q3b + r3c)2, where pj’s, qj’s, rj’s are all nonzero
integers. Further, if 3 does not divide at least one of a, b, c, prove that 9n can be expressed in the
form x2 + y2 + z2, where x, y, z are natural numbers none of which is divisible by 3.
4. Find all triples (p, x, y) such that px = y4 + 4, where p is a prime and x, y are natural numbers.
5. Let A be a set of real numbers such that A has at least four elements. Suppose A has the property
that a2 + bc is a rational number for all distinct numbers a, b, c in A. Prove that there exists a positive
integer M such that a M is a rational number for every a in A.

6. Define a sequence  an n  1 as follows:

0, if the number of positive divisors of n is odd,


an  
1, if the number of positive divisors of n is even.
(The positive divisors of n include 1 as well as n.) Let x = 0. a1a2a3… be the real number whose
decimal expansion contains an in the n-th place, n  1. Determine, with proof, whether x is rational
or irrational.
7. Find all natural numbers n > 1 such that n2 does not divide (n – 2)!.
8. Call a natural number n faithful, if there exist natural numbers a < b < c such that a divides b, b
divides c and n = a + b + c.
(i) Show that all but a finite number of natural numbers are faithful.
(ii) Find the sum of all natural numbers which are not faithful.
9. Let p1 < p2 < p3 < p4 and q1 < q2 < q3 < q4 be two sets of prime numbers such that p4 – p1 = 8 and q4 –
q1 = 8. Suppose p1 > 5 and q1 > 5. Prove that 30 divides p1 – q1.
10. Find all positive integers m, n, and primes p  5 such that m(4m2 + m + 12) = 3(pn – 1)
11. Let a, b be natural numbers with ab > 2. Suppose that the sum of their greatest common divisor and
a  b
least common multiple is divisible by a + b. Prove that the quotient is at most . When is this
4
a  b
quotient exactly equal to ?
4
1 1
12. For any natural number n >1, write the infinite decimal expansion of (for example, write  0.49
n 2
as its infinite decimal expansion, not 0.5). Determine the length of the non-periodic part of the
1
(infinite) decimal expansion of .
n
13. From a set of 11 square integers, show that one can choose 6 numbers a2, b2, c2, d2, e2, f2 such that
a2 + b2 + c2  d2 + e2 + f2 (mod 12).
14. Consider a nonconstant arithmetic progression a1, a2, …, an, …. Suppose there exist relatively prime
positive integers p > 1 and q > 1 such that a12 , ap2  1 and aq2  1 are also the terms of the same
arithmetic progression. Prove that the terms of the arithmetic progression are all integers.
15. Suppose n  0 is an integer and all the roots of x3 + x + 4 – (2 × 2016n) = 0 are integers. Find all
possible values of .

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