ADSL و الCCNA ﺧﻼﺻﺔ أﺳﺌﻠﺔ وأﺟﻮﺑﻪ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻓﻴﻮ ﻓﻰ إﻃﺎر ال
September 20, 2014 at 6:26am
_ﺟﺎرى اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ _ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ-----------------------------: ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ
_اﻟﺮاﺑﻂ ﻣﺎCCNA وﻛﻤﺎن ﺗﻐﻄﻴﻪ ﻟﻜﻮرس الADSL _ﻫﺤﻂ ﻫﻨﺎ زﺗﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﻦ اﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻓﻴﻮ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺠﺎل ال
ﺗﻜﻔﻴﻚ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻚ ﺑﻤﺒﺎدﺋﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت وﻣﺠﺮد ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﻪADSL ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻫﻮا ﺿﻌﻴﻒ اى ﻧﻌﻢ ﻻن وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ال
Customer او.ADSL T.S وﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺘﻼﻗﻰ داﻳﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت وﻇﻴﻔﺔ الconfiguration وﻣﺶ ﻫﺘﺤﺘﺎج اى
CCNA اﻧﻚ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺎك ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺰاﻛﺮه اوﻧﻠﻰService
ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ أﻻﻗﻰ ﺳﺆال ﻓﻜﺮﺗﻪ ﻣﻜﻨﺘﺶ ﻣﻮﺟﻮده ﻫﺰوده ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎ ﻫﻨﺎNote _إن ﺷﺎء ﷲ ال
ﺑﺲ ﺧﻠﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻫﺘﺘﺴﺄل ﻓﻰ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻓﻴﻮ اﻧﺖ.. _ ﻧﺒﺪأ ﺑﻘﻰ وﻫﺤﺎول ﺑﺮدو ان اﻻﺳﺌﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ
_ﻫﺘﺘﺴﻮح_ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺴﺄﻟﻚ ﻣﺶ ﻻزم ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ اﺳﺌﻠﺘﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ وﻻ ﺷﺮط ﻛﻤﺎن ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺑﺴﺆال ﺳﻬﻞ ﺻﻐﻨﻦ
P :v :D: ﻛﺪا
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hello .. how are اﻟﺴﻼم ﺑﻴﻜﻮن ﻓﻮرﻣﺎل ﻳﻌﻨﻲ... اول ﻟﻤﺎ ﺑﺘﺪﺧﻞ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻓﻴﻮ ﺑﺘﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻌﻤﻠﻚ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻓﻴﻮ
you
HR - اﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻧﺘﺮﻓﻴﻮ اﻻﺗﺶ ار
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Q: Introduce yourself in English ?
My Name is XYZ, I'm ... years old, I'm from ......., graduated from Faculty of Electronic
Engineering, Communication Department in 2014, I’m (Engaged-Single) and
(Postponed-Exempted-) from the Military Service, I’m very good in English and old
handed in Computer, I’am a CCNA certified.
Q: where do u see yourself after 5 years
Bad Answer "doing your job, replacing your position".
Good Answer : I'd like to have more understanding of the information technology tracks,
I'd like to be in some type of managing roles in this comany, where i can use my people
skills and my knowledge to benefit the people working for me and the whole comany.
Q: what is your strength points ?
Bad Answer : I am full of strenght points, I can do any thing at the work.
Good Answer : My Strenght points such like goos in Presentation and team leadership.
Q: what is your weakness points ?
Bad Answer : I havenot any weakness point. Bad Answer : Everbody have weakness
point.Good Answer : I have a weekness point with anger, but I used to deal with it until
disappeared.
Q: why I should hire you
Bad Answer : I am the best camdidte for this Vacancy.Good Answer : I have taken the
time to educate my self on the software, which means i can work faster, and take over
some traditional works. finally, what's good enough for most people is not really good
enough for me.
Q: Why do you want to leave you Current Job
Bad Answer : I can't stand my work and my boss.
Good Answer : I've learnt a lot from mu cureent role and now i am looking for a new
challeng to gain new skills.
I choose ...... because it’s the biggest company in this Field, and that’s the
Place where I can get my experience better
Q: What Salary You are looking for ?
Bad Answer : In my last job i earned 2000,so now I expect to earn 3000
Good Answer : I'm more intersted in the role itself than the salary, and I expect to be paid
the appropriate salary for this vacancy depend on my two years experince.
Q: What motivaties you ?
Bad Answer : Doing a good jop and being rewarded for it.
Good Answer : Working in a challenge environment keeps me motivated, being
resposibile for dead line delivers with succes rate 100% makes me do the
best.
Q: you received a Customer asks about new router Configuration and you didn’t hear
about this router till now, What will you do ?
A: 1- Welcome the Customer
2- Asking about router type
3- Put the Customer on hold with polite way
4- Asking my Team Leaders, Supervisors about this new type, try to search
on TEData.net
5- If I didn’t get any info. I’ll Google it
6- If I didn’t get info, I’ll say that we have System Update now, and asking Customer
politely to call us after 2 hours
Q: What do you know about customer service
--Customer service is the basic stage at any respectable company,--which makes the
relation between the customer and his company much better by serving him in a perfect
way to reach his satisfaction. --There are three types of customer service field 1- by
phone , 2- face to face and public 3- or via a visit.
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Q: ROLE PLAY ( ) ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﺑﺘﺎﺧﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺤﻨﻴﻦ:
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Q :- أﻟﻮ
A :- اﺣﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻚ.. ﺗﻲ اي داﺗﺎ.. ﻣﺲـاء اﻟﺨﻴﺮ
Q :- اﻟﻨﺖ فـاﺻﻞ.. ﻣﺲـــاء اﻟﺰﻓﺖ
A :- اﺗﺸﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻨﺪم
Q :- ﻫﺒﺎب اﻟﻄﻴﻦ
A :- اﺗﺸﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺣﻴﺐ
Q :- ﻣﺴﻌﺪ
A :- ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻚ ﺑﺘﺸﺮﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺪي اس ال.. اﻫﻼ ﺑﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ اﺳﺖـاذ ﻣﺴﻌﺪ
Q :- اه
اﻟﻠﻲ ﻫﻮ A :- 99875937589
ﺗﻤﺎم Q :-
دﻟﻮﻗﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻨﺪم اﺣﻨﺎ ﺑﻨﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻚ ..ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻚ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺸﻮف اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ رﺟﻌﺖ ﺗﺎﻧﻲ وﻻ لء ؟؟ A :-
ﻻء ﻣﺎ رﺟﻌﺘﺶ Q :-
ﻛﺪه ﻳﺎ اﺳﺖــاذ ﻣﺴﻌﺪ واﺿﺢ ان اﻟﻌﻴﺐ اداﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻨﺘﺮال و اﻧﺎ ﻫﺎﺑﻌﺖ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ دي ﻟﻠﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺺ و ان ﺷﺎء A :-
ﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻼل ﻳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻫﻴﻨﺰل اﻟﺴﻨﺘﺮال اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﺤﻀﺮﺗﻚ و اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ دي ﻫﺘﺘﺤﻞ
اوك Q :-
اي اﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎر ﺗﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻨﺪم A :-
ﺷﻜﺮا Q :-
اﺳﺘﺎذ ﻣﺴﻌﺪ ..ﺷﻜﺮا ﻻﺗﺼﺎﻟﻚ ب ﺗﻲ اي داﺗﺎ A :-
) و اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ زي دي ..اﻫﻢ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ اﻧﻚ ﺗﻼﻗﻲ ﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ و ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﺳﻤﺔ و ﺗﺮﺣﺐ ﺑﻴﻪ وﺗﻤﺸﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ
اﻟﺴﻜﻮﻧﺲ ﻻﻧﻰ دى ﻓﻮرﻣﻪ ﻻزم ﺗﺘﻘﺎل وﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ( .
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Technical Iterview :
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؟OSIاﻳﻪ ﻫﻮا الـ Q:
Open system Interconnection. standard model consists of 7-layers created by the ISO.its
a reference model that used to unit all vendors around the same model to build the
network devices, and understand the frame structrue when moving between any src and
dest in the network.
وﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻬﺎم ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻪ اﺛﻨﺎء اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺪاﺗﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ وﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ
ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻼت ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻪ .
ﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺗﺼﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪا ﻣﺼﻨﻌﻲ وﻣﻄﻮري أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت.
ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻷﺗﺼﺎل ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺟﺰاء أﺻﻐﺮ وأﺑﺴﻂ وﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻣﺼﻨﻌﻲ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ واﺣﺪة
وﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﻷﻧﻮع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت ﻫﺎردوﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أو ﺳﻮﻓﺖ وﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﺑﻌﻤﻞ
ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻛﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت واﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ
وﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ.
ﻗﺎرن ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ال Routerو ال switch؟ اى ﻫﻮا اﻟﺮاوﺗﺮ ؟ اى ﻫﻮا اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺘﺶ ؟
اﻟﺮاوﺗﺮ ﻫﻮا layer -3 deviceﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﻪ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﺘﻪ ال Networkﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻓﻰ ال .OSI Model
ﻓﺎﻳﺪﺗﻪ :اﻧﻰ ﺑﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ ال IP Addressesوﺑﻴﺒﻘﻰ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺮاوﺗﺮ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ
routing tableeﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﺪاﺗﺎ ﻣﻦ ال srcاﻟﻰ ال .dest
اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺘﺶ ﻫﻮا Layer -2 deviceﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﻪ اﻟﺘﺎﻧﻴﻪ ال Datalinkﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻓﻰ ال OSI
.Modelﻓﺎﻳﺪﺗﻪ :اﻧﻰ ﺑﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﻬﺰه Hostsداﺧﻞ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻪ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ sharingg
ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺪاﺗﺎ وﻻ ﻳﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ routing tableﻻن اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺘﺶ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ IP Addressesوﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ان
ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ .ﻳﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ MAC Addresse Tableﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺳﻮﻳﺘﺸﻨﺞ ﻟﻠﺪاﺗﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷ
ﺟﻬﺰه وﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻋﺘﻤﺎدا ﻋﻠﻰ ال MAC Addressﻟﻞ srcو ال .dest
اﻳﻪ ﻫﻮ الـ DNS؟
ﻫﻮا اﺧﺘﺼﺎر ل Domain Name serviceوﻫﻮا ﻋﺒﺎره ﻋﻦ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ Traslationﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ال IP
Addresseﻷاى ﻣﻮﻗﻊ وﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ال (site name (URLوﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ ب DNS Resolutionnرﺑﻂ اﻻي ﺑﻲ
ﺑﺪوﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ )ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﺳﻬﻞ واﺳﺮع ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ رﻗﻢ اﻻي ﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻔﺢ ( ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﺺ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ
ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻮﻓﺖ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ وﻳﻨﺪوز 2000أي ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم وﻳﻨﺪوز NTﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎم ) Windows
Internet Name Service (WINSو اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ DNSﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮل
NetBIOSﻟﻬﺬا ﻛﺎن ﻧﻈﺎﻣﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ ﺑﻤﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻮﻓﺖ و ﻻ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻷﺧﺮى أﻣﺎ DNSﻓﻬﻮ ﻧﻈﺎم
ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ أﻏﻠﺐ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻟﻬﺬا ﻗﺮرت ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻮﻓﺖ اﺑﺘﺪاء ﻣﻦ وﻳﻨﺪوز 2000و ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ أ ،ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻋﻮﺿﺎ
ﻋﻦ .WINSﻣﺎ ﻫﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺧﻄﻮات اﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﺰاﺋﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ؟
ً ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋﺮ ﻟﺮاﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﻣﺜﻼ
example.com
واﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺘﺮ ﻳﺤﺼﻞ اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ اﻟﺰاﺋﺮ و ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮات ال
DNS
ﻟﻤﻘﺪم ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﺜﻞ
TEData
ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ ال
DNS
اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻟﺪى ال
ISP
ﺗﺤﻔﻆ ﻛﻞ دوﻣﻴﻦ واﻟﻨﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺬة اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺜﻼ اﻟﺪوﻣﻴﻦ
google.com
اﻟﻨﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺔ
ﻫﻮ
ns1.google.com
ﺑﺲ ﺑﻜﺪه ﻣﺶ ﻫﻨﻘﺪر ﻧﻮﺻﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻻن اﻻي ﺑﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ وﻋﺸﺎن ﻛﺪه ﻳﺤﺪث اﺳﺘﻌﻼم ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ
اﻟﻲ ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﺔ اﻟﻲ ﻫﻮ
ns1.google.com
ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻘﺪر ﻧﻮﺻﻞ ﻟﻼي ﺑﻲ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺔ !!!!
ﻃﻴﺐ ﺑﻨﺴﺄل ﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻘﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻻي ﺑﻲ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﻨﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ ؟؟؟
راح ﻧﺴﺄل ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﺪوﻣﻴﻨﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ وﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻻي ﺑﻲ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺔ زى ﻣﺜﻼ
godaddyاو enom
اﻻن ﺳﺄﻟﻨﺎ اﻳﻨﻮم ﻋﻦ اﻻي ﺑﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺠﻞ ل اﻟﻨﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ
ns1.google.com
وردت ﻟﻨﺎ اﻳﻨﻮم ب اﻻي ﺑﻲ ﻣﺜﻼ ً ﻣﺜﻼ
127.0.0.1
اﻻن ﻳﺤﺪث اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻔﺢ وﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ
وﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﺎﻛﺪ اﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﺮ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺟﻮداداى او اﻳﻨﻮم ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﺪوﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺠﻼت اﻟﺪوﻣﻴﻦ اذا
ﻛﺎن اﻟﺪوﻣﻴﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ اﻟﻤﺸﻬﻮر
DNS error
ﻣ ﻦ أﻳ ﻦ ﻧ ﺤ ﺼﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻋﻨ ﻮ ا ن
DNS
ﻟ ﻠﺪ و ﻣ ﻴ ﻦ
؟com
في ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺴﺄل
DNS
ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪوﻣﻴﻦ اﻷب و اﻟﺬي ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ال
Root DNS
ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ 13ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ
DNS
ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺬر و ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻒ اﺳﻤﻪ
cache.dns
ﺗﻘﻮم ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻮﻓﺖ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮه ﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺴﻄﻴﺐ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ
DNS
ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﺮ و ﺗﺠﺪه ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
:windowssystem32dns
ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮات
DNS
ﻟﻠﺠﺬر و اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﺑﺪوره ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮات
DNS
ﻟﻠﺪوﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ
.com
ﻟﻴﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺄﺣﺪﻫﺎ و اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﺑﺪوره ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮات
DNS
ﻟﻠﺪوﻣﻴﻦ
facebook
ﻟﻴﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ و ﻳﻌﺮف ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮل ﻋﻦ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ و ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ و ﻫﻜﺬا ﺑﺈﺗﺒﺎع ﻫﺬه
اﻟﺨﻄﻮات ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ و ﻳﻌﺮﺿﻪ ﻟﻚ.
اﻳﻪ ﻫﻮ DHCP؟
ﻫﻮا ا اﺧﺘﺼﺎر ل Dynamic Host Configuration Protocolوﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻰ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻧﻔﺠﻴﻮراﺷﻦ ﺑ
ﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻬﺎز داﺧﻞ اﻟﻨﺘﻮورك ﺑﺪل ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻔﺠﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻮال ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻬﺎز وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ وﻗﺖ وﺟﻬﺪ
وإﻟﻐﺎء ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ اﻟﺒﺸﺮى اﻟﻠﻰ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻟﻞ IPﻋﻠﻰ اﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺎز ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ .IP Conflict
Assign All TCP-IP Cinfiguration automatic thats not only assign the IP Address, but Also
Assign the Subnet mask, The default Gateway and the DNS IP.
اﻳﻪ ﻫﻮ الـ PPPOEاو PPPOX؟
اﻳﻪ اﻧﻮاع الـ wireless؟
wifi, wimax, blutooth, IR, microwave
اﻳﻪ ﻫﻮ NAT؟
private andوﺑﻴﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺬع اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ال Network Address Translation
وﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺎدى اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ وﻟﻪ ﺗﻼت أﻧﻮاع او ﺗﻼت Publicوﺑﻜﺪه ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻋﺪد اﻻﻳﺒﻴﻬﺎت ال Public IPs ,
:ﻃﺮق ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ
ﻏﺮض ال NATاﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻳﺒﻴﻬﺎت ) ، ( IPv4ﻫﻨﺎ ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻟﺪي public
ipواﺣﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ اﻟﻜﻞ .
1- Static NAT :
each private IP has a static Public IP
2- Dynamic NAT :
a group of private IPs has a group of Public IPs which changes dinamically among each
other.
3-Port Address NAT :
a group of private IPs has a one Public IP and defineamong them by port no.
Configuration :
1- Static NAT
Allow PC 0 to use the internet and appear at the outside networks by 200.1.1.3
اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻫﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﻤﺢ لــ
PC 0
ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام الـ
Internet
ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻧﻨﺎ ﻫﺎﻧﺠﻌﻞ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ بــ
Public IP
وﻫﻮ 200.1.1.3
وده ﻫﺎﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺧﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ
R1(config)#int fa 0/0R1(config-if)#ip nat inside
ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺮف الــ
Router
ان
Fa 0/0
ﺑﻴﻄﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ
R1(config)#int s 2/0R1(config-if)#ip nat outside
ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺮف الــ
Router
ان
S 2/0
ﺑﻴﻄﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ
R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.2 200.1.1.3
وﻫﻨﺎ اﻻﻣﺮ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻰ لـ
Static NAT
وﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﻘﻮل ﻟﻞـ
Router
ان ال
private ip
اﻟﻔﻼﻧﻰ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﺐ ﻳﺨﺮج ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺗﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻇﻬﺮه ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ بــالـ
اﻟﻔﻼﻧﻰ public ip
R1# show ip nat translations
وﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻣﺮ ده ﺑﻌﺮف اﻧﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ
NAT
ﻟﻜﺎم
Device
واﻋﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ ال
ip
اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ وﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﺮج ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﺧﺮى ﻫﺎﻳﺒﻘﻰ ال
ip
ﺑﺘﺎﻋﻪ اﻳﻪ ..
R1(config)#no ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.2 200.1.1.3
اﻻﻣﺮ ده ﻋﻠﺸﺎن اﻟﻐﻰ ال
NAT
ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ الـ
Router
ﻋﻠﺸﺎن اﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ وﻫﻲ الــ
2- Dynamic NAT
R1(config)#int fa 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip nat insideR1(config)
#int s 2/0
R1(config-if)#ip nat outside
R1(config)#ip nat pool DEEB 200.1.1.3 200.1.1.254 netmask 255.255.255.0
ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺮف
range
ﻟﻞ
public ip
وادﻳﺘﻪ اﺳﻢ
DEEB
وﻣﻤﻜﻦ اى اﺳﻢ اﺧﺮ
R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool DEEB
ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺮف ان اى ﺟﻬﺎز واﺧﺪ
private ip
ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ال
inside
ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﺮوح ﻳﻜﻠﻢ اى ﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻳﺎﺧﺪ ﻣﻦ
range
ال
public ip
اﻟﻠﻰ اﺳﻤﻪ
DEEB
وﻣﻌﻨﻰ
list 1
اى ﻃﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ال
inside interface
ال
access-list اﻟﻠﻰ رﻗﻤﻬﺎ
1
R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
R1# show ip nat translations
وﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻣﺮ ده ﺑﻌﺮف اﻧﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ
NAT
ﻟﻜﺎم
Device
واﻋﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ ال
ip
اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ وﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﺮج ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﺧﺮى ﻫﺎﻳﺒﻘﻰ ال
ip
.. ﺑﺘﺎﻋﻪ اﻳﻪ
ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ :اﻻﻣﺮ
show ip nat translation
ﻣﺶ ﻫﺎﻳﻄﻠﻊ اى ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ان اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﺟﻬﺰة ال
inside
ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﺧﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﻋﻤﻞ
ping
ﻋﻠﻰ اى ﺟﻬﺎز ﻓﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺳﻮف ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ
ﺳﺆال :ﺑﻔﺮض ان ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ال
public IP
ﻣﺤﺠﻮزة ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ الـ
private IP
و ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻰ ﺣﺠﺰت ال
public ip
ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ..وارﻳﺪ ان اﺣﺮر ﺑﻌﺾ ال
public IP
ﻻﺗﻴﺢ ﻟﻼﺟﻬﺰة اﻻﺧﺮى ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻣﺎذا اﻓﻌﻞ ؟
اﻟﺤﻞ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ
1- First way
R1(config)#clear ip nat translation*// this command Deletes all dynamic translations
وﻫﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﺑﻴﺤﺬف ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ال Nat tableاﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ بــ Dynamic NAT
2- Second way
)R1(config)#ip nat translation timeout (time by seconds
واﻻﻣﺮ ده ﺑﺤﺪد ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻞــ
Dynamic NAT
ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ان ﻟﻮ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﺶ ﻋﻤﻞ اى ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ده ال
session
ﺑﺘﺘﻘﻔﻞ وﺑﻴﺘﺤﺬف ﻣﻦ ال
NAT table
ال
ip address inside global
اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻬﺎز ده ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﺒﺎﻗﻰ اﻻﺟﻬﺰة اﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﺧﺪ دورﻫﺎ .واﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻰ ﻫﻮ
86400
اى
24
ﺳﺎﻋﺔ وﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ زى ﻣﺎ اﺣﺐ وﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻐﻴﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮه ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻫﺎﻳﻔﻀﻞ
واﺧﺪ ال
public ip
اﻟﻠﻰ ﻫﻮ ﺣﺠﺰه ﻓﻰ اﻻول .
3- NAT Overload
R1(config)#int fa 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip nat inside
R1(config)#int s 2/0
R1(config-if)#ip nat outside
R1(config)#ip nat pool DEEB 200.1.1.3 200.1.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0
R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool DEEB overload
R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
Q: What TCP/IP means ?
That means Trasmission Control Protocol/Internet protocol. called TCP/IP
Suite or TCP/IP Stack.Thats made by the department of deffense (DOD) of America, وﻫﻮ
ﻋﺒﺎره ﻋﻦ ﺣﺰﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻت واﻟﻠﺘﻰ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻚ وﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺪاﺗﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ وﻫﻮا ﻋﺒﺎره ﻋﻦ
5 ﺧﻤﺲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت-layers
Switch : use Rj45.
Splitter: use Rj11.Modem: use rj11 with the splitter, and rj 45 with the PCs.
iMesh ----------this is a peer to peer programme.
Azureus ------- this is a torrent programme.
Outlook --------this is a mail client programme.
ADSL : Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
PSTN ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ اﻻﺟﻬﺰه ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻴﻔﻮﻧﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﻪ
ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺪاﺗﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻨﻘﻞ اﺷﺎرة اﻟﻔﻮﻳﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻨﺘﺮال اﻟﻰ
. اﻟﻤﻨﺰل اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ
Q: What are the types of internet Service ?
Q: Differentiate between DSL, ISDN and Dial UP ?
Q: What HTTP stands for and what port does it use?
A: HTTP or Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, is the main protocol responsible for shiny
content on the Web. Most webpages still use thisprotocol to transmit their basic website
content and allows for the display and navigation of ‘hypertext’ or links. While HTTP can
use a number of different carrier protocols to go from system to system, the primary
protocol and port used is TCP port 80.
Q: What is HTTPS and what port does it use?
HTTPS or Secure HTTP (Not to be confused with SHTTP, which is an unrelated protocol),
is HTTP’s big brother. Designed to be able to be used for identity verification, HTTPS
uses SSL certificates to be able to verify that the server you are connecting to is the one
that it says it is. While there is some encryption capability of HTTPS, it is usually deemed
not enough and further encryption methods are desired whenever possible. HTTPS traffic
goes over TCP port 443.
Q: What FTP stands for ?
A: File Transfer Protocol
Q: What do you know about IPv5 ?
Internet Streaming Protocol وﺗﻢ اﻧﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ارﺳﺎل اﻟﺼﻮت واﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ وﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة.
A: IPv5 :Internet Stream Protocol-was never introduced for public use.
-First specified in 1979 , second version specified in 1990
-The final version of ST2 or ST2+ was drafted by the IETF ST2 Working group and
published as RFC 1819 ,
-ST2 distinguishes its own packets with an Internet Protocol version number 5 although it
was never known as IPv5
-ST uses the same IP address structure and the same link layer protocol number
(ethertype 0x800) as IP There is a “datagram mode” in which ST packets can be
encapsulated over IP headers using protocol number 5, the first four (4) bits of the
packet; ST has been assigned the value 5
: ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎرات
----------------------------
1-ipconfig:
displays all current TCP/IP configuration values and refreshes Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol “ DHCP “ and Domain Name System “ DNS “ settings .This
command shows also subnet mask and G.W.
2-ipconfig/all:
it is like the above command but it contains more details like DHCP enabled or not , lease
expires , DNS ,physical add,DNS server…etc .
3-ping:
used to check the TCP/IP Suite is installed and stable on the src device or not.
used to check the connection between the src and dest. if its ok or not. used to check the
delay and the roung trip time of the data.
>> the src sedns 4- Packets to the destination and wait of a 4-Packet reply1. if all 4
packet are recived a gaing by the src, thats mean that the cennection is established will.2.
if the reply was destination unreachable: to be cont.
3. if the reply was reach time our: to be cont.
4- Tracert: is used to trace a packet from your computer to an internet host, showing how
many hops the packet requires reaching the host and how long each hop takes.
5-netstat: It is a command line tool that displays network connections .It displays active
TCP connections, ports. “To check spyware “.
**netstat –a :
6-nslookup: To Know the DNS Server IP that you deal with it.
7-Telnet: To make a remote access to devices in such a network
8-ipconfig /flushdns = ipconfig /release
2- What is HTTP and what port does it use?
ﻣﻬﻤﻤﻤﻤﻤﻤﻤﻤﻤﻤﻤﻤﻤﻤﻢ ﺟﺪااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااا
ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻰ وﻣﺠﺎﻧﻰ
ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ ) ﺣﺎاااااااااااﺳﺒﺎت – اﺗﺼﺎاااااااااﻻت (
ﻣﻦ أﻳﻦ أﺑﺪأ | دورات ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ وﻣﻴﺴﺮة ﻟﺪارﺳﻰ وﺧﺮﻳﺠﻰ أﻗﺴﺎم ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت واﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻰ
^^^^^^اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت^^^^
-1ﻛﺘﺐ وﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮات ﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت
-2ﻛﺘﺐ وﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮات ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻰ ﻓﻰ دورة ﺳﻴﺴﻜﻮ وﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺨﻂ اﻟﻴﺪ
-3ﻓﻮﻟﺪر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮل واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﻦ ﻫﻮاوى وارﻳﻜﺴﻮن وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ
-4ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮات ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﻒ واﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺪ
-5ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮات ﻓﻰ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ ودورات آﺧﺮى ﻟﻌﺸﺎق اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ
http://bit.ly/2q3UDp8
