TYPES OF TEXT AND THEIR

CHARACTERISTICS: DESCRIPTIVE,
NARRATIVE, ARGUMENTATIVE AND
EXPOSITIVE TEXT
When writing any type of text we have to know how to define its meaning or, in fact,
how we can describe it. It is not the same to refer to a story, plot, characters or words
from a descriptive, narrative, argumentative or expository, scientific, literary,
humanistic, journalistic way, so we want to define their differences below.

Types of Text and their characteristics

The writer's fundamental tool when approaching a narrative is the text. If we stick to
its basic definition, we understand by text the linguistic unit formed by a set of
statements with an internal structure .

To understand it better, we are going to begin an analysis of this linguistic

composition taking into account the different types of existing texts .

Before looking at the definition for each type of text in detail, we can summarize that:

 Descriptive text : The characteristics of an object prevail statically, without the

passage of time.
 Narrative text : In which we find a story of events developed in a specific time
or place, and carried out by real or imaginary characters, following a temporal
or casual order. This can be written in prose or verse.
 Argumentative text : The reasons for or against a certain “position” or “thesis”
are presented, in order to convince the interlocutor through different
arguments.
 Expository text : It is the text in which certain facts or realities are presented,
in a neutral and objective way.
 Cientific text . As its name indicates, science will be the central theme of it and
scientific language will shape the text.
 Literary text. The literary text has an aesthetic purpose and its forms of
expression will vary depending on its type of genre (lyrical, dramatic, narrative).
 Humanistic text. These types of texts are differentiated by the content they
offer, linked to human beings and knowledge about them.
 Journalistic text.

Descriptive text
Descriptive text is a type of text that is based on the definition of something, whether
it is an object, a person, an animal, a situation, or a description of another type of
text. In the descriptive text , special emphasis is placed on details and definitions
. It is about giving a vision of an object, a person or an event that is as appropriate as
possible to reality.

Descriptive texts not only serve to describe “tangible” things, or what can only be
seen and heard. On the contrary, a descriptive text can serve to express feelings .
For example, if we wrote a text answering the question “How am I feeling right now?”,
the answer would be a descriptive text analyzing our current situation.

For a descriptive text to be accurate and truthful, it is necessary to carry out a deep
analysis and not remain on the surface. For example, a description of a bar could be
that it is small, cozy and with wooden tables, but a much more appropriate
description would talk about its history, its menus, its location, the clientele, etc.

A distinction can be made between technical descriptive text , much more focused
on the accuracy of the data, and literary descriptive text , in which the descriptions
tend to be much more “personal” and are at the mercy of the author's own intention.
Both facets represent totally opposite styles of descriptive texts.

You can find more information about this type of text in our Descriptive Text article.

Narrative text
The narrative text is based on the explanation of facts, real or fictitious , in a certain
time and space. Other types of texts also come into the narrative text, and range from
descriptions of people, landscapes or situations, arguments, narrations of events or
even introspective or surreal texts.

Narrative texts can come in very different formulas and styles, although they can
mainly be divided into prose or verse narratives .

Narrative texts usually have three parts: introduction, middle and end:

 In the approach the story is set, the characters and the conflicts that will lead
to the plot of the narrative text are presented. In the approach, the reader is
also informed about the narrative style that will be used and is prepared for the
rest of the text. It must be attractive so that the reader wants to continue
reading the rest of the text.
 The knot is the development of the story, of the narrative. In this part all the
central questions raised by the story are discussed. How the characters evolve
and the conflicts between them, etc. During this phase, the characters and the
narrative must evolve in a certain direction, usually very different from the
starting point of the approach. It occupies most of the narrative text.
  Denouement : It is the final part, in which the plot of the narrative is resolved. It
is usually a brief part in which there is what is called climax, the high point of
the plot, in which unknowns are resolved or some conclusions are drawn about
what was previously narrated.

If you want to continue discovering what a narrative text is like, in this Narrative Text
article you can find more complementary information.

Argumentative text
The argumentative text is a type of text in which an idea, project or thought in
general is defended or rejected . The objective is to convince the person who reads
it that the arguments of the person writing that text are the most valid and that it is the
person who is right about it.

There is a lot of subjectivity here unlike the previous one. For this reason, these
types of texts are closely related to advertising and general opinion articles, because
they have the intention of persuading, convincing and advising .

Unlike the previous text, it does not have as many structures but rather has an
introduction and body, which details the arguments of why the text was written and
why one is for or against the idea, thought or project that it contains. he expands.

In this article Argumentative Text you will find more information about this type of
text.

Expositive text
We could say that an expository text is one that is used in order to clarify or present
the meaning of a word or a text in general. Its purpose is to report objectively about
something without the point of view of the person writing it prevailing.

There are different types of difficulties when it comes to expository text:

 Informative expository text : occurs when the topic being discussed is a topic
of general interest to the public, who does not have information about it. The
objective is to teach and to be a didactic text in general.
 Technical or specific expository text : It contains more special knowledge
about a topic, because it is understood that the person who is going to read it
already has prior information, which is why they have the luxury of using more
technical or particular words. .

Expository texts are usually related to research work, theses, monographs, articles,
conferences or essays, among others.
As in the other cases, you can find more information Expository Text to continue
discovering how to create and differentiate an expository text.

Cientific text
The scientific text is embedded within a context associated with science and,
therefore, the language used in this type of text is full of technicalities specific to the
branch on which it is investigated or written about. Hence, it is very common for
people who are not part of that scientific context to find it difficult to understand this
type of text, since it contains unique expressive forms of the subject matter, as well
as a specialized language .

At the same time, within the scientific text we find some characteristics that must be
maintained. One of the most important is clarity, so the words to use are far from
ambiguity in order to transmit a clear message that does not lead to
misunderstandings. This is another reason why this type of text is usually far from
subjectivity and goes to the concrete, to the refuted.

Another characteristic that allows this type of text to be very easy to differentiate from
the others mentioned are the numerous citations and bibliographic sources that
usually appear during the writing or at the end of it. Which also reminds us that the
scientific text complies with very specific writing standards.

Literary text
One of the main characteristics of the literary text is the search for an aesthetic goal
through language, which is intended to capture the reader's attention.

As we mentioned in the article “ What are literary texts ”, the aesthetic functions of
this type of text vary depending on the genre of the text : lyrical, narrative, dramatic,
etc. Therefore, it is important that you delve into the aforementioned article if you
want to know well what the characteristics of each of them are.

Within the literary text we find different types of discourse or forms of elocution ,
such as dialogue, narration, description, exposition and argumentation.

humanistic text
Defining a humanistic text is a complex task, although the general agreement for its
description is the topic it deals with, always related to the study of the human being
or the so-called human sciences. Within this category we would find the branches of
philosophy, psychology, anthropology, sociology...

An important fact is that the type of text does not indicate or is associated with the
scientific text, but rather it is usually characterized more by a subjective point of view
that results in the use of an expository discourse with its argumentation.
In turn, the literary genre most used within the humanistic text is the essay.

journalistic text
The journalistic text cannot be pigeonholed solely into its informative function ,
since this is usually associated with the objectivity of reporting an event as it
happened. Today, journalistic text can also have nuances of subjectivity as we find
directly opinion articles. At the same time, it is important to include that within these
texts we can also find an entertainment purpose.

Unlike the previous ones, we can find journalistic texts that use a written medium
and/or an oral medium . Generally, the information is aimed at a very broad and
plural group.

The theme presented in this type of text is focused on current events and on what
may interest the reader/listener, assuming that it has to be something related to the
present, whether it is a fact or an investigation that is of interest today. Taking this
into account, the aspects to be discussed are very varied.

It is essential to affirm that the language to be used must be familiar and cultured,
far from technicalities that could cause distancing or loss of interest of the recipient.

NARRATIVE TEXT
In previous posts we have already talked to you about novels and the elements that make them up and
on this occasion we want to talk to you about what a narrative text is, and what its characters and the
environment that surrounds them consist of.

Narrative text
When we talk about Narrative Text we are referring to one in which a story is made of a
series of events that affect some characters and take place in a specific environment.

Every narrative is made up of a succession of events and in the case of literary narration, we
are inevitably talking about the configuration of a fictional world, regardless of whether the
narrated events are based on reality. Something that happens because the author cannot
abstract himself from including elements of his own invention or from qualifying what happened
on the level of reality.
We are facing the type of king text, which every fiction writer uses to transmit his more or less
imaginary worlds to his readers. As in all types of text, three distinct parts can also be
distinguished in every narrative:

Types of narrative texts

Within narrative texts, there are different types that you can choose from when it comes to
shaping the story you want to write. Although attempts are currently being made to blur the
existing boundaries between different types of texts, creating new and original versions of
classic typologies, the most useful thing, especially if you are starting out, is to decide the type
of narrative text you want to write before writing. start the process. There are various types of
narrative texts, but the most common are the following:

Tale
Tale . Stories are a type of literary narrative text that is characterized by having a short length,
starring a small number of characters, and also having a generally simple plot.

It is these characteristics (brevity, simplicity and limitation of characters) that have made the
story the main narrative text dedicated to children, but there are also numerous stories intended
for adults, as evidenced by the great authors who have published this type. of texts, such as
Ernest Hemingway, Virginia Woolf, Jorge Luis Borges or Antón Chekhov , to name just a
few examples.

The story is an enormously popular type of literary text and there are currently stories of all
types of genres, such as police, horror, costumbrista or science fiction, to name just a few
examples.

Novel
Novel . The novel is a fictional story that usually has a relatively wide length and is
characterized by presenting a complex story , which can present a significant variety of
characters and different intersecting actions.

The novel also presents very few limitations, thus giving the author a great deal of freedom
when presenting his text. The freedom of form and content that the novel presents has made it
the preferred type of literary text for most writers and, although novels can be classified
according to their theme , the boundaries between them are too blurry for authors to are
limited by them.

However, the length of the novel, the complexity of the actions it usually contains and the
different characters that must be shaped make it a complicated option to start with, so new
writers are recommended to choose to write first a short story or a short story before trying to
tackle writing a novel.

short story or short story

Short story or short story . This new textual typology is relatively new and its characteristics
are not yet firmly defined, although it is a genre on the rise. A short story is considered one that
has a length and a complexity of action greater than that of the story, but whose number of
words is much smaller than that of a novel . As in the case of the novel, the author's freedom
is practically total and he is not limited by any rule, as is the case with poetry or theater.

dramatic texts
Dramatic texts . Dramatic text is predominantly considered one that is conceived as a dialogue
with the objective of being represented. Dramatic texts are generally associated with theater
and are characterized by their dialogic nature and by being subject to a specific time and space.

On the other hand, since it is a dialogue text, there is no narrator as such, so everything the
different characters say has to be totally adapted to them. Finally, these texts can be written in
prose, verse or a mixture of both possibilities , which gives greater creative possibility to the
author of the text.

literary essay
Literary essays . Literary essays differ from scientific or academic essays in that in these the
opinion and personal style of the author are of great importance, which makes them eminently
subjective. Likewise, literary essays usually present characteristics related to the literary field,
such as the use of figures such as metaphor or metonymy, and as much attention is paid to the
form of the text as to the content that is presented.

Some examples of literary essays can be, for example, The Bow and the Lira, by Octavio Paz
or The Mediocre Man, by José Ingenieros , where their textual beauty can even surpass the
presentation of ideas and argumentation inherent to any essay.

journalistic text
Journalistic text . Journalistic texts are those that aim to report in a rigorous manner about
events that have occurred in reality. However, the fact that these are not fictional events does
not mean that these types of texts should not comply with narrative rules that make them
attractive and easy to read.

The main characteristic of these texts is the possession of an attractive headline that precedes
the development of the text, as well as the appearance of a short summary of the content that
allows the reader to determine whether they are interested in the topic of the text they are about
to read or not. Journalistic texts, by definition, must adhere to reality, but they must also have an
introduction, a middle and an end to be attractive to readers and be properly understood by
them.

Likewise, they must have characters, even if they are real, and the author must make sure to
provide the reader with all the context they may need for their correct understanding, thus
turning journalistic texts into literary exercises closely linked to reality.
Parts of a narrative text
1) The Introduction: The author presents here the situation that is going to develop and
presents the characters and their environment . It is probably the fundamental part of the
narrative text, since whether or not the work is capable of capturing the reader's attention
depends on it.

2) Knot: In every narrative a conflict always arises, a peak moment in which all the lines
raised in the introduction converge on a fundamental fact that marks the entire story. That
central point is called the Knot .

3) Denouement: It is the moment in which the conflict raised as the core of the narrative
reaches its conclusion . If the Introduction captures the reader's attention, and the middle
consolidates the narrative, the denouement can be the point at which a story succeeds or fails
in the reader's mind.

Narrative text structure

a) External Structure: It includes the physical organization of the text; in chapters, parts,
sequences, etc...

b) Internal Structure: It covers all the elements that make up the narrative text: Narrator, space
and time.

Write a narrative text

If you feel like writing a narrative text or you have to do it as a task, surely this type of advice will
be very useful to reach an optimal final result.

-Choose the conflict: you cannot start telling a story if you are not clear about what the conflict
is. Many people start writing without being aware that if they do not have a clear conflict, they
can get lost in the tangle of text and make all their work useless or make their text a text that
does not engage. Nor should we confuse the type of conflicts with the tone that is going to be
given to the narrative text. The conflict must be appropriate for the type of story you are going to
write.

-Choose the narrator: although the narrator is generally determined by the type of story, it is
good that you pay attention to which would be the best narrator for the story you want to tell us.
That way it will be much easier for you to write since you have to put yourself in their shoes and
use their particular “voice.”

-Develop characters: When you are clear about what the story is about, and who all this
happens to, it is time to develop and flesh out the characters. What does it mean? Well, it
means that these characters have to have names, a type of personality, a past history and a
reason why they speak the way they speak, walk the way they walk, etc. You can try to make a
biography of each of them to use as your material to write the narrative text. This type of
biographies is material for the writer but in no case does it have to be included in the text, there
will even be data that you know and that the reader never finds out about your characters.
-Setting: Every story happens in a specific space. Look for references to inspire you and thus
be able to describe the place perfectly to make us “fly” there and make the space also transform
into another character in the narrative text so that you achieve everything expected.

WHAT ARE LITERARY TEXTS?

Literary texts can be defined as messages in which the continent has almost, or greater,
importance than the content. The writer of literary texts has at his disposal a large number of
phonological, syntactic and morphological resources so that what prevails in the text is the
literary aesthetic. On certain occasions, even literary texts transgress communicative norms
seeking to capture an aesthetic effect on the reader.

What are literary texts?

Literary texts differ from informative texts in that the former leave a large amount of details in
the hands of the reader who has to presuppose many things when reading them. It is the
readers themselves who will have to make a reconstruction in their psyche of what the
literary text has been about to arrive at a personal image that the literary text has caused in
them.

Readers of literary texts have to try, with the data provided in the literary text, to create their
own reality and construct the complete meaning of the text . When making this
interpretation , its quality will depend on the cultural background that the reader has.

Readers of literary texts lend themselves to the game that the author proposes to them and
which consists of, based on the clues that the author gives them with his text, creating the
universe in which that literary text develops.

Types of literary texts

Depending on how they are written we can find different types of literary texts

On the one hand there are narrative texts , those in which a narrator tells a story in prose, in
which characters intervene. There is an approach, middle and end, the events advance through
the narrative towards a specific outcome. Examples of narrative texts would be novels or
stories.

On the other hand we have lyrical texts , which are those that are more related to poetry.
Normally, these types of texts have another deeper purpose than telling a story, and what they
seek is to express deep feelings or emotions through a particular language in which rhetorical
figures and distinctive features of style predominate.

Finally, we have the dramatic texts , mainly developed to be performed by actors in the
theater. The action is divided into acts, and the plot is developed through dialogues between the
characters (monologue is also used). An example of a dramatic text would be 'The House of
Bernarda Alba'.
Literary resources of the texts
When it comes to literary construction , authors use three main literary resources . Normally
the three are combined in a personal way in each work. These three resources are narration,
description and dialogue.

Types of speech or forms of elocution

On the other hand, when we express ourselves in writing, and in all literary texts, we can do so
using the following forms of elocution:

 Narration : To tell facts. The narrative tells the reader how events develop, moving the
characters and the story forward to a certain place. There can be different types of
narrators, depending on the person you use and what you know about the events or
characters. For example, one can speak of a first-person narration when it is the
protagonist himself who explains the events, or of a third-person omniscient narration as
the narrator is an external narrator who knows everything about the characters or
situations.
 Dialogue : To reflect the words that the interlocutors pronounce in a conversation.
Dialogue also advances the story and serves to show the characters' personalities and
motivations. In addition to dialogue, we could mention the monologue, which is also a
way of constructing literary texts, used mainly in dramaturgy.

 Description : To express what something is like. Generally, a description must adapt to

the characteristics of the product, feeling or whatever the object of the description is.
However, in literary texts the descriptions can take more license and be full of rhetorical
figures such as metaphors, exaggerations or any other stylistic device that allows the
author to express what he is looking for through the descriptions. The description of
people can refer to any trait, whether physical, emotional or psychological. There are
also the description of situations, environments, landscapes and a long etcetera.
 Exhibition : To present our ideas. Expository texts serve the author or characters to
present ideas, lay foundations that can result in the foundations of the argument or plot.
 Argumentation : To defend, reasoning them, our ideas.

NON-LITERARY TEXTS –
CHARACTERISTICS, TYPES AND
EXAMPLES
We have already talked to you in previous posts about topics such as narrative text , but now
we have to talk about those that are not clearly literary or whose structure does not seem to be
recognizable among literary genres. Next we talk to you about non-literary texts .
What are non-literary texts?
Although it may seem like a truism, non-literary texts are those that are not literary. To
establish the universe in which we move, we will first define what is a literary text? . Literary
texts are those in which their poetic function is manifested as the main one ; This poetic
function can be evident, as in the case of poetry, or be at the service of other interests as in
didactic or historical texts .

Therefore, to determine that a text is non-literary we only have to evaluate whether the
main function of language is poetics. If it is not, we will find a non-literary text. The most
common non-literary texts are scientific texts, administrative texts, legal texts, journalistic
texts, humanistic texts, advertising texts and digital texts.

Types of non-literary texts

The types of non-literary texts that we can find are the following:

 Scientific texts
 Administrative texts
 journalistic texts
 humanistic texts
 Advertising texts
 Digital texts

Scientific texts
Scientific texts are those that are generated by the scientific community and are intended to
announce some type of discovery or make public some type of advance in science. Within this
type of texts we find the genres of the doctoral thesis, bachelor's report, scientific article and
scientific monograph.

Administrative texts
Administrative texts are those that are produced as a means of communication between the
individual and certain instructions or between instructions and individuals. For example, a
certificate, greeting, instance or official bulletin. They are texts with a formalized structure, with a
rigid structure and that frequently have an informative function.

Journalistic Texts
Journalistic texts are those whose purpose is to report on facts and topics of general interest.
These texts are collected in the written press and in the oral press.

Humanistic Texts
Humanistic texts are those that refer to some aspect of the human sciences: psychology,
sociology, anthropology, etc. from the author's own point of view and without becoming
formative as happens with scientific texts.

Advertising Texts
Advertising texts are a special type of text. Their function is to convince potential customers to
buy a certain consumer item. These texts try to catch potential readers and then convince them
of the benefits of a certain product. The resources used to catch readers are graphic in nature,
the combination of words, the use of slogans and variation of fonts.

Digital Texts
Digital texts are those that are developed and written in blogs, websites, and digital and online
content. Digital texts can be of various types, covering literary and non-literary texts. Likewise,
they have given rise to specific texts for this medium, such as landing pages or posts.

How to analyze a non-literary text

When we must analyze or comment on a non-literary text, then we can follow a type of script
where it is necessary to gather some basic characteristics of coherence, cohesion and
adequacy.

In the case of adaptation, specific points must be analyzed, such as:

 – Type of text: in this case we must say what type of text we are finding if it is an
expository, argumentative, etc. type of text.
 – Layout: The layout of the text is important because this section consists of describing
what the text is physically like in terms of the number of paragraphs, lines, whether there
are titles, bibliographical notes, etc.
 – Typographic resources: Here we are going to determine the size of the typography,
both in the title and in the rest of the paragraphs. It will also be determined if there are
bold, underlined, italic, etc.
 – Registration: In this case it is necessary to determine whether it is a formal or informal
registration, for which you may ask yourself who is the author or sender, who is the
recipient or recipient.

For consistency:

 – Informative core: In this case, the main and secondary ideas in the text are
developed.
 – Progression of information: This section indicates whether the information
progresses in a logical and orderly manner.
 – Credible information: If the information is from the real world, it must be determined
that it is credible information so that whoever reads the analysis understands it.

Regarding cohesion in the analysis of a non-literary text, we must take into account the
following:
  – Lexical procedures: When there is a repetition of words or when there is a semantic
repetition of synonyms or antonyms.
 -Grammatic procedures: anaphors, cataphoras, ellipses or similar that exist in the text
must be marked.

As you can see, this is not a simple type of analysis but many issues must be taken into account
so that you can carry out a complete analysis where you will not only see the type of text that is
inside but also how it is written.

Examples of non-literary texts

In this section we show you some examples of non-literary texts, although you can find many
more:

News The news is a non-literary text that tells a reality that happens in a place at a certain time.
The news must answer the questions what, who, when, how, where and why. The author does
not include adjectives or personal evaluations or rhetorical figures.

Chronicle It is the narration of a story determined in time. It can be the chronicle of an entire
country, or of a soccer match. The chronicle is much more flexible than the news, it allows the
inclusion of much more informal language and the use of adjectives that add strength to the text
and emphasize certain moments. Ex: chronicle of a death foretold .

Commentary It is a non-literary text that consists of a written appreciation about something

specific, it can be a comment on another text, on an oral speech, etc. It is usually a brief and
direct assessment, of a critical nature.

Editorial This is a text that is used in the written press to show the vision, values and position of
the medium itself. This text includes opinions and particular evaluations. The editorial is always
linked to current affairs, and does not have a narrative structure. It is a text that mixes analysis
and opinion, but it would never be a literary text, which is why we know that there are types of
editorials .

Expository text Seek to narrate facts or concepts in an objective way to an audience that
knows little or nothing about the topic. For example, an expository text would be Power Points
shown in a lecture, textbooks, etc.

Informative text Informative text seeks to explain something in a simple way, without any
added resources. An informative text can be, for example, information about the tides on a
beach. They offer information about a current event in an objective way. It merges on many
occasions with the expository text.

Biography

It focuses on highlighting the life and events of a third person, through the experiences
recounted by that same person or information collected through other nearby sources.

Autobiography Autobiography is similar to biography, except that in this case it is written by the
person themselves, that is, it is not necessary to go to any source.
Manuals A manual is a text that explains the operation of something, it may be the manual for
an appliance, the technical manual for a vehicle or a behavior manual for the employees of a
company. It focuses on helping the user and indicating the steps to follow, that is, it is a kind of
guide. It usually has language between formal and technical, depending on the type of manual.

Criticism It is a non-literary text that judges subjectively, that is, according to the author's own
perspective, some other work of any type: painting, cinema, music, etc.

Non-literary texts | Biographies

Benjamin Franklin once said: " If you do not want to be lost to oblivion as soon as you are
dead and corrupt, write things worth reading, or do things worth writing ," and a part of the world
vibrated with his words, because it has always been It has been said that the best way not to
die is to remain forever in everyone's memory, even when these people don't even know you or
are from another time. That is to say, the best way to be eternal is to go down in history.

Now how is this done? Many people have the Law of life not to go through this world without
something that stands out for them, without leaving it a little better than it was before they came
to it. These people are usually activists, inventors, scientists or public figures ,
fundamentally they will be people who seek to be an example for the rest, to show that good
decisions and knowing how to let yourself go through life are the keys to having a good story. ;
Others become famous by mistake, or for what they would not have anything to stand out for.

There is nothing worse for a scientist than going down in history for being the most attractive
man on the planet or for having rare ocular genetics instead of having his name or face
recognized, if recognizable, by any important discovery.

However, for many characters that have occurred throughout history, the important thing has
always been to be part of it, for whatever reason. But Franklin tells us that if we really want to go
down in history, we must lead an exciting life, or do important things, so much so that someone
feels the need to tell your life, tell what you did or how you lived. And of course, that what you
have done is such that the rest of the world wants to know about you .

Malala Biographies
One of those biographies worth writing and reading is that of Malala Yousafzai. About three
years ago, this biography could be found in all bookstores in many countries, his face and his
story occupied the windows, his words and actions encouraged and helped many other people
in their fight against terrorism.

Malala defended in her story that education is the best weapon to fight against fear , that
educating children would be the first step to ending terrorism. It is true that sometimes you
cannot prevent an attack, neither against a country or city, nor against yourself individually, but
you can prevent those people who promote violence, hatred and fear, little by little. , come to
nothing. Education is power. Malala knows it and it is reflected in her biography
Types of literary texts
A literary text is the construction of a discourse in which a specific language is
specifically used. A literary text created by an author refers to fictional or real events.
In literary texts the use of characters is made. They are made up of phases such as
the beginning, plot and ending, which do not necessarily respect that order.
In literary texts there is communication between:

Issuer or author: Transmits the message. Receiver: Reader or listener who interprets
the message.
Literary texts with characters that communicate with each other, such as novels and
stories, present a double communicative process.
Literary texts are various and are usually classified into various types or genres which
are defined according to the type of narration, the themes or the use of language.
HOW MANY TYPES ARE THERE?
1 Types of literary texts
1.1 Narrative texts
1.2 Lyrical texts
1.3 Dramatic texts

Types of literary texts

Narrative texts
It is a text that is characterized by narrating an event based on certain characters
located at a specific time. They have a specific structure consisting of a beginning,
development and outcome. In this genre are the types of literary texts: In a narrative
text, stories are told through a narrator. Complies with the following characteristics:
They develop a story: This is made up of a succession of actions.
Story told by a narrator: This belongs to a fictional world.
Mode of speech: Prose is predominant, in some cases verse can be used, especially
in the epic genre.
Narrative texts have two levels:
Story level : Represented by what is told. It can be real or unreal.
Discourse level: It is represented by the way the narrative is expressed. The narrative
can present its own order.
Narrative texts present four elements: actions, characters, space and time.
lyrical texts
It is a type of text in which the author's feelings are expressed. To do so they rely on
the particular use of language, usually in verse form.
The structure of this type of text is characteristic, although it tends to be much stricter
than in other types of literary texts. An example of these texts are poems.
In these texts the author writes about aspects that are difficult to communicate, such
as his moods, emotions and feelings.
These texts have the following characteristics:
Subjectivity: It is a product of internalization.
Emotive and poetic function: It is the predominant action.
There is no story: In this type of texts, a story is not narrated but events, specific and
very brief facts.
It does not identify the author's life. Expressive resources accumulate.
It is presented in verse: However, there are lyrical works in prose, this is called poetic
prose.
In these texts the sender assumes three attitudes:
Objectivity: It presents an external reality disconnected from the “I” of the narrator.
The third person is used.
Appeal: Whoever reads the text acquires explicit presence.
Pure expression: In these cases the poetic voice is expressed through the poetic self,
that is, in the first person.

dramatic texts
They are literary texts whose purpose is to be staged, that is, they are usually used
as plays. These texts are based on the development of a very defined and described
plot as well as dialogues for each character.
The term “drama” applies to texts that are to be performed and does not define the
content or characteristics of the plot.
Their characteristics are:
  They develop a story presented through the words and actions of the
characters, without any intervention from the narrator.
 In this way the appellative and expressive function predominates.
 The predominant form of communication is dialogue and the speech can be
presented in prose or verse.
 Plays can be read as a novel, story or poem, but their broadcast and reception
are usually limited to groups such as theater companies and the public.
It has two types of text:
 Main: It is made up of the words and dialogue of the characters.
 Secondary: It is made up of the notes. The representation of the dramatic text
is part of the theatrical show.
A literary text is the construction of a discourse in which a specific language is
specifically used. A literary text created by an author refers to fictional or real events.
In narrative literary texts the use of characters is made. They are made up of phases
such as the beginning, plot and ending, which do not necessarily respect that order.
In literary texts there is communication between:
 Issuer or author: Transmits the message.
 Receiver: Reader or listener who interprets the message.
Literary texts with characters that communicate with each other, such as novels and
stories, present a double communicative process.
The texts Literary s are various and are usually classified into various types or genres
which are defined according to the type of narration, the themes or the use of
language.