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Module 2

1. Define Amplitude Modulation. Derive the expression on AM by both time domain and frequency domain
expression with necessary waveforms.
2. Obtain the expression for a spectrum of single tone AM signal.Show that the total power in the sidebands is
one third of the total power in the modulated wave with 100% modulation
3. Explain the generation of AM wave using switching modulator
4. Consider the square law detector using a non-linear device whose output defined by V 2(t)=a1 V1(t)+ a2V1 2
(t).where a1,a2 are constants and V1(t)=AC[1+kau(t)]Cos 2πfct.
i)evaluate the output V2(t)
ii)How the message signal can be recovered from V2(t)
5. Explain how the ring modulator can be used to generate DSB-SC modulation.
6. An Audio frequency signal 5sin 2π(1000)t is used to amplitude modulate a carrier of 100sin 2π(106)t.Assume
modulation index of 0.4.
i)Sideband frequencies
ii)Bandwidth required
7. Explain the operation FDM Technique with neat block diagram
8. Explain the operation of envelope detector with neat diagrams and wave forms.
9. Explain the FM stereo multiplexing with relevant diagram.
10. Compare and contrast standard AM, DSB-SC, SSB-SC and VSB-SC
11. When the modulation percentage is 75 an AM transmitter produces 10 kW. How much of this is carrier
power? Determine the percentage of power saving if the carrier and one of the sidebands were suppressed
before transmission took place.
12. Explain Amplitude Modulation and draw the waveforms for modulation index m>1&m<1.

Module 3

1. Describe the necessary equations and phasor diagram, the generation of Narrow Band FM(NBFM)
2. Explain the direct method of generating FM waves
3. A FM signal has sinusoidal modulation with W=15KHz and modulation index β=2.Using Carson’s rule, find the
transmission bandwidth and deviation ratio. Assume ∆f=75KHz.
4. Explain the relevant block diagram, the demodulation of FM signal using PLL.
5. Draw the block diagram of super heterodyne receiver and explain the each section.
6. Derive the equation of frequency modulated wave .Define modulation index, maximum deviation of
frequency modulated signal
7. The equation for FM wave is s(t)=10sin[5.7*10 8 t+5sin12*10 3 t].Calculate:
i)Carrier frequency
ii)Modulating frequency
iii)Modulation index
iv)Frequency deviation
v)Power dissipated in 100Ω
8. Explain the noise suppression effects in FM.
9. Why Preemphasis and Deemphasis are required. Explain how they are implemented..
10. An FM signal with a frequency deviation of 10KHz at a modulation frequency of 5KHz is applied to two
frequency multipliers connected in cascade. The first multiplier doubles the frequency and second multiplier
triples it. Determine the frequency deviation and modulation index at the output. What is the frequency
separation of adjacent side frequencies of this FM signal.
11. Explain with block diagram generation of FM wave using PM and PM wave using FM.
12. Explain the indirect method of generation FM with relevant equation and diagram.

13. A Carrier is frequency modulated by a sinusoidal modulating signal of frequency 3 kHz resulting in a
frequency deviation of 10 kHz.

(i) What is the bandwidth occupied by the modulated waveform?


(ii) If the amplitude of the modulating signal is increased by a factor of 2 and its frequency is lowered to 1
kHz. Determine the new bandwidth
14. Determine the bandwidth of an FM signal. If the maximum value of the frequency deviation ∆f is fixed at
75KHz for commercial FM broadcasting by radio and modulation frequency is W =15KHz. By carson's rule
15. With neat circuit diagram, explain FM demodulation using slope detector.
16. When a 50.4MHz Carrier is frequency modulated by a sinusoidal AF modulating signal. The highest
frequency reached is 50.405Mhz. calculate:.
i) frequency deviation produced. ii) carrier swing of the wave. iii)lowest frequency reached.

17. The equation for FM wave is s(t)=10sin[5*10 8 t+4sin1250 t].Calculate:


i)Carrier frequency
ii)Modulating frequency
iii)Modulation index
iv)Frequency deviation
v)Power dissipated in 5Ω resistor.
18. With a neat block diagram explain FM stereo multiplexing.
19. Calculate carrier swing, Carrier frequency, frequency deviation and modulation index for an FM wave, which
reaches maximum frequency of 99.047MHZ and minimum frequency of 99.023MHZ, the frequency of
modulating signal is 7KHZ.
20. A 93.2MHZ carrier is frequency modulated by 5 KHZ sine wave the resultantFM signal has frequency
deyation of 40 KHz:
(i)Find the carrier swing of FM signal
(ii)What are highest and lowest frequencies of FM signal?
(iii)Calculate the modulation index of FM
(iv)B.W of FM signal

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