SADHU VASWANI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Lesson 1- Computer Networking

Class VII
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What is a Computer Network?
Definition – A group of computers which are connected to each other and follow similar usage protocols for
the purpose of sharing information and having communications provided by the networking nodes is called a
Computer Network.

A network may be small where it may include just one system or maybe as large as what one may want. The
nodes may further be classified into various types. These include:

 Personal Computers
 Servers
 Networking Hardware
 General Hosts
Networking can be classified into three types:
1. Types of Computer Networks
2. Topology
3. Interpreters

Advantages of Computer Networks

 Resource Sharing: Resource Sharing is one of the important applications of Computer Networking.
You can share a single software among Multiple users. We can also share Hardware Devices via this
technique.
 Communication: Communication Medium means various ways through which we can communicate
like Email Calls, broadcasts, etc.
 Reliability: Reliability implies backing up information. Due to some reason equipment crashes, and so
on, the information gets undermined or inaccessible on one PC, and another duplicate of similar
information is accessible on another workstation for future use, which prompts smooth working and
further handling without interruption.
 Flexible: This innovation is known to be truly adaptable, as it offers clients the chance to investigate
everything about fundamental things, for example, programming without influencing their usefulness.
 Security through Authorization: Security and protection of information are additionally settled
through the system. As just the system clients are approved to get to specific records or applications, no
other individual can crack the protection or security of information.
 Storage capacity: Since you will share data, records, and assets with other individuals, you need to
guarantee all information and substance are legitimately put away in the framework. With this systems
administration innovation, you can do most of this with no issue, while having all the space you require
for capacity.

Types of Computer Networks

There are five main types of Computer Networks:

1. LAN (Local Area Network) –

 Systems connected in a small network like in a
building or a small office
 It is inexpensive
 It uses Ethernet or Token-ring technology
 Two or more personal computers can be connected
through wires or cables acting as nodes
 Transfer of data is fast and is highly score

2. PAN (Personal Area Network) –

 The smallest computer network
 Devices may be connected through Bluetooth or other
infra-red enables devices
 It has a connectivity range of upto 10 metres
 It covers an area of upto 30 feet
 Personal devices belonging to a single person can be
connected to each other using PAN

3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) –

 A network that can be connected within a city,
for example, cable TV Connection
 It can be in the form of Ethernet, ATM, Token-
ring and FDDI
 It has a higher range
 This type of network can be used to connect
citizens with the various Organisations
 4. WAN (Wide Area Network) –
 A network which covers over a country or a larger range of people
 Telephonic lines are also connected through WAN
 Internet is the biggest WAN in the world
 Mostly used by Government Organisations to manage data and

information

Network Devices
Discussed below are a few important network devices from the exam point of view:

 Network Interface card – This card provides an interconnection between the network and the
computers. Most computer motherboards usually have an inbuilt network Interface cards.

 Network cable: Registered Jack 45 (RJ45) is an eight wire network cable. It is a connector which
is commonly used to link the network interface card with hub.

 Network Hub – It is a small network device. It joins multiple computers together to form a single
network segment. On this segment, all computers can interact with each other
 Network Switch – It is a small hardware device,
which joins multiple computers together with a
single LAN.

 Network Router – This device interfaces in multiple networks whose task is to copy packages from
one network to another. It provides connectivity inside enterprises, between Enterprises and the
Internet and within an ISP.

 Network Bridge – It reads the outermost section of the data packet to tell where the message is
going. It reduces the traffic on other network segments.

 Modem – This device converts digital signals into analog signals. It is always placed between a
telephone and a computer system
 Wireless Networking Technology
Wireless or unguided media does not use any physical medium like cable or wire. Depending upon the
distance and speed different technologies are used like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, for transmission of data
between the devices.

1) Bluetooth
• Bluetooth is a very short-range wireless technology to connect devices. It uses low
powered frequency and can transmit data over short distance typically up to 30
feet (10 meters). Bluetooth devices generally communicate at less than 1 Mbps.
• Bluetooth technology is used primarily to support simple wireless networking of
personal computing devices and peripherals, including mobile phones, PDAs,
wireless headsets and printers.

2) Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) WiFi

• Wi-Fi is a short range but high-speed data transfer wireless technology. It also
provides wireless broadband Internet access to Wi-Fi enabled devices, such as
smartphones and laptops. Wi-Fi is also used to set-up a wireless LAN (WLAN-
Wireless LAN). The typical range of a Wi-Fi network is 150- 500 ft.
• Wi-Fi connections at airports, hotels, bars, coffee shops, etc. are called hot spots.

Network Architecture
Network architecture refers to the overall framework of an organization’s computer network.

Network architecture include the following

1. Hardware components used for communication

2. Topology
3. Wired or Wireless connection
4. Protocols

Classification of Network based on use of computer nodes : Network architecture is classified into
following categories :

1. Peer-to-Peer Network : In the P2P (Peer-to-Peer) network, “peers” generally represent computer
system. These peers are connected to each other with help of Internet. Files might be shared directly
without requirement of central server among these systems on the network. It can be said that each of
computers on P2P network usually becomes file server even as client also. In this architecture, system
is generally decomposed into various computational nodes that contain the same and equivalent
capabilities, abilities, and responsibilities. In this network, tasks are allocated at each and every device
 available on network. This network is very essential and important for small environments, usually up
to at least 10 computers. There is also no separate division as clients and servers. Each and every
computer in this network are treated same and equally and might send even receive message directly.
This P2P network is generally useful in various fields such as business, education, military, etc.

2. Client-Server Network Architecture

In this network architecture there is a main computer, known as server, and other computers
are called clients or workstations.
Server controls the hardware, software and disk drives. It also provides various services to clients.
E.g. file server, storage server, communication server, database server etc.
Client computers request services e.g. data retrieval and storage, devices and processing power from
the server. Client-server architectures are sometimes called two-tier architectures.

Network Topologies
The term network topology refers to the physical layout of a computer network and connections of devices
in it. It is a description of the arrangement of computers in a network. Topology is decided on the basis of
size, geographical area and number of devices needed to network.

Types of Topology
• Bus Topology
• Star Topology
• Ring Topology
• Mesh Topology
• Tree Topology
 Bus Topology
In the bus network topology, every computer is connected to a main cable called the bus (cable). This cable
acts as a common communication medium between the computers.
Advantages
1. It enables an easy connection between the
computers.
2. It requires less cable length.
Disadvantages
1. The entire network shuts down if there is a
break in the main cable.
2. It is difficult to identify the problem if the
entire network shuts down.

Star Topology
In the star network topology, all the workstations connect directly to a central hub or switch through which
all the data transfer is done.
Advantages
1. Computers can be connected easily.
2. Data transfer between the nodes is fast.
3. Faults can be detected easily.
4. Parts of a computer can be removed easily.
Disadvantages
1. More cable length is required.
2. If the central communication point fails, the nodes attached to it are disabled (can't communicate).

Ring Topology
In the ring topology every device has exactly two neighbors
for communication purposes. All messages travel through a
ring in the same direction either clockwise or anticlockwise.
Advantages
Data transfer is faster as the cable is connected between two
computers.
Disadvantages
A failure in cable or device breaks the loop and can slow down
the entire network
 Mesh Topology
In the mesh topology, messages sent on a network can
take any path from the source to the destination because
every computer in this type of topology is connected with
all the others.
Advantages
If any cable or node fails, there are many other ways for
other nodes to communicate.
Disadvantages
It is expensive because a lot of cabling is required.

Tree Topology
The tree network topology uses two or more bus and star networks connected together. The hub or switch
box of the star networks are connected to a main bus. Thus, a tree network is a bus network of star networks.

Advantages
1. It is easy to detect a faulty device.
2. It is easy to expand a network.
Disadvantages
1. If the common cable (back bone) line breaks, the entire segment
goes down.
2. It is more difficult to configure as compared to other topologies.
 SADHU VASWANI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
CLASS VII
COMPUTER NETWORKING MCQ’S

1. A computer that is not connected with a network is called

a. Node b. Workstation c. Wireless d. Standalone

2. Computer networking has following benefit/benefits.

a. Communication b. Resource sharing
c. Both a and b d. None of these

3. Which of the following is a communication device?

a. Modem b. Router c. Switch d. All of these

4. In increasing order of size, which of the following sequences is correct.

a. WAN, MAN, LAN, PAN b. PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN
c. PAN, MAN, LAN, WAN d. PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN

5. Network topology is the __________ layout of a computer network.

a. Physical b. Logical c. Planned d. All of these

6. Tree topology is a combination of _________ and __________

a. Star, Bus b. star, Tree
c. Tree, Ring d. Bus, Ring

7. Every computer in __________ topology is connected with the others.

a. MESH b. STAR c. BUS d. TREE

8. A computer providing service to stores files on it is called ___________

a. Client b. node c. server d. None of these

9. Name the topology where every computer is connected to a main cable.

a. MESH b. STAR c. BUS d. TREE

10. Name the topology where all the workstations connect directly to a central hub.
a. MESH b. STAR c. BUS d. TREE

11. Name the topology where every device has exactly two neighbours for communication.
a. MESH b. STAR c. BUS d. RING

12. LAN stands for

a. Local Area Network b. Light Area Network c.
c. Locate Area Network d. None of these

13. PAN stands for

a. Public Area Network b. Private Area Network
c. Personal Area Network d. Protected Area Network
14. MAN stands for
a. Mega Area Network b. Metropolitan Area Network
c. Micro Area Network d. Main Area Network

15. WAN stands for

a. World Area Network b. Wide Area Network
c. Wireless Area Network d. Wave Area Network

16. The biggest example of WAN is

a. Internet b. T.V c. Modem d. Client Server

17. Modem is a ______________.

a. Modulating Demodulating System b. Mainframe device
c. Metropolitan device d. None of these

18. Each computer in a network is called_______________

a. Device b. System. c. Node d. Router

19. What is a HUB.

a. Software b. Computing Device
c. Network Device d. calculating device

20. Which of the following topology arrangements is a point-to-point line configuration?

a. Ring b. Mesh c. Star d. All of the above

21. Which of the following is not a type of network topology?

a. Ring b. Star c. Circle d. Bus

22. The network device converts digital signals into analog signals and can be connected through a
telephone is called _____

a. Modem b. Hotspot c. Router d. Bridge

23. Which of the following terms is related to sending data to a satellite?

a. Uplink b. Modem c. Switch d. Modular

24. ______ topology is the simplest topology that connects two nodes directly together with a common link.
a. Point to Point b. Line c. Ring d. Star

25. Which is the shortest network covering network?

a. LAN b. MAN c. WAN d. PAN

26. When two or more topologies connect together, they are called ______
a. Tree Topology b. Cluster Topology c. Hybrid Topology d. Mesh Topology

27. ATM is a form of _____

a. Local Area Network b. Wide Area Network
c. Metropolitan Area Network d. Personal Area Network

28. _______ is a small hardware device which joins multiple computers together with a single LAN
a.Modem b. Switch c. Modular d. Router
29. A collection of various computers into a single coherent system, provided to a client, is called _______
a. Distributed System b. Computer Network
c. Systematic Network d. Collective Network

30. A network which is constructed by using public wires to connect to a private network is called ______
a. Local Area Network b. Wide Area Network
c. Metropolitan Area Network d. Virtual Private Network