Adobe Scan 01-Sep-2022
Adobe Scan 01-Sep-2022
Fractions
LEARNING OUTCOMES
ATter
studying this chapter, the students will be able to:
find equivalent fractions.
compare and order like and unlike fractions.
calculate the sum of like, unlike and mixed fractions.
perform subtraction of like, unlike and mixed fractions.
evaluate the product of
fraction by a whole number
a
evaluate the product of a fraction by another fraction and by mixed fraction.
find the
multiplicative inverse of a number.
calculate the quotient when a fraction is divided by a whole number and an by
fraction. another
denominator
3 5 etcetc.
9'11'
60
Improper iractions are those fractions
. fractions wn0se numerator is
greater than or equal to
its denominator:
5'9'Retc.
Checking for
Equivalent Fractions
To check whether two
fractions are equivalent or not, we can use
is, multiply the numerator of first fraction
the
cross
multiplication
by the denominator of the second and
denominator of the first fraction by the numerator of
the second. If both the
equal, then the given fractions are equivalent, otherwise products =
are not they equivalent
Example 1: Check if
andare
18 equivalent fractions.
8 9 x8 72
9 18-4x 18 72
The products are equal. Therefore, the fractions are equivalent.
62
Fraction
Form of a
Vest
LoWe aid to be in its lowest form if the only common factor of the numerator
fractionissaid
d e n o m i n a t o r
is 1.
d the
and
the.
60 60+3 20
Butis
20
not in its lowest form, so
repeat the process till the numerator
and the denominator have no other common factor except 1.
So, 15
20
15+5-3
20+5 4
Method 2:
Find the HCF of the numerator and the
denominator and divide both of them by their
HCF. The fraction will get reduced to the
lowest form in one step.
Example 1: Reduce to its lowest form.
64
The HCF of 48 and 64 is 16.
48 16
Therefore,
64 16 4
48
nus, 6 reduced to its lowest form is 3
G4 4
63
24 form.
Example 2: Reduce to its lowest
120
Method 1: 6 6+2 3
24 24+2 12 12 12+2 6
30 30+ 2 15
333
15
153
120 120+2 60 60 60+2 30
Method 2: 24 2 4 1
24
HCF of 24 and 120 is 24. Therefore, 120120+ 24 55
Activity
Work in pairs.
21aY
Technology Litro-
Experiential Leun
HHH O
8
64
Exercise 4.1
inly
Multip
the numerator and the denominator by 3 in each of the following fractions
1 fraction.
equivalent
to get an
4 e.
a.
19 5 5
,Match each part in thefirst row with their correct option in the second row.
a.
b.
11 C.of
3
1hour d. 4
9
i 5
i. 40 minutes
15 ii. mixed fraction
iv.311
3 Fill in the boxes.
12 28
5 20 50
4 Reduce the following fractions to their lowest form.
15 13
a
45
b. 20
30
C.
169
d, 12
60
e. 4
42
f, 10
50
5. Reduce the following fractions to their lowest form
by finding their HCF.
48 36
a. b55 C. 2. 25 f35
144 121 156 288 150 77
lo play the game, one child from the first group should come and pick a card. The
Student must then represent the fraction on the board.
orOO0O0 6
The group with the maximum points is the winner.
65
21ST
CoTURYProblem
STLLD
Solvin
HAPPY
CaseStudy BIRTHDAY
celebrate
his
Raghav wanted to his friends.
some of
birthday by inviting offered
and
agreed
His mother Reena said
home. She also
to bake a cake at to buy
She decided
she will make juice. decided
and samosas.
Raghav
Sweets
friends and his
to invite 20 of his
1500.
was
the whole event
mother's budget
for questions.
answer
the following
information,
the above the party, 12 were bove -
Based on
were
invited for The
friends who
1. Out of Raghav's
fraction of girls is.
d.
.
a.
3
5
colour dress, since his birthday d .
dres
friends to wear blue
2.
2. Raghav told all his including Raghav. The tic fra
colour. Totally, 17 wore blue dress,
was blue in
the simplest form is
who wore blue dress in
ofchildren
c21
of
3. Reena made a cake by mixing 250 g of all purpose flour, 100g butter, 20
The fraction of sue=
of sugar and a pinch of baking soda and baking powder.
in the cake is
b. d
5 11 11
4 Reena spent 1200 for the party. The fraction of balance amount is
a. b.
a d t h of the book, Ananya has readth of the book and Vikky has read
10
t h of the book in a day. Who has read the maximum number of pages?
10
Method 1:
has readx 100 30 pages
inone day,Shyam 10
100 70 pages
Ananyahas readX10
100 90 pages
VIkkyhas readx
10
Thus, Vikky has read the maximum number of pages.
Method 2:
Comparison can also be done without finding the actual number of pages read.
To compare like fractions with the same denominator, compare the numerators.
Greater the numerator, greater is the fraction. Here, 9>7>3.
Therefore, 10 10 10
So, Vikky has read the maximum number of pages.
Therefore, 5 5
11 12
Case 2: Fractions with different numerators.
Convert these type of unlike fractions into like fractions by making the denominator
same.
67
Example: Arrange 2 4 andS6,in ascending order.
5
The easiest way to do this is to find the
he easiest LCM of all the
LCM of 3, 5 and 6 is 30.
Now, multiply both the numerator and the denominator
NOW, tor of
denominators
denomin
of all th all the
oy a suitable number to get the denominator as 30. frar-
22x10 20 4x6 24 5 5x5 25
3 3x 10 30' 55x6 30 6 6x5 30
Therefore,
6
Exercise 4.2
. Insert the
appropriate sign (>, < or =) in the bOxes.
20 b. 21
10 56 d.
5
e. 10 9 10
9 18 11 11 13 11
h.
13
i. 7
15
15
11
m. n. 9 o.
15 13 13 13
2.
Arrange the fractions in
ascending order.
a 10 b8'16' 10
7 4
C10 15
71:
13
d9 e e. 3 1
2 12 12 4
68
ADDITION OF FRACTIONS
Fractions
of ike
ddition
A d t
more like fractions, add the numerators and put the answer over the
more
or
two
To
add
s a m ed e n o m i n a t o r .
S
b.
Examples: Add.
13 13
3+14 ,2-7+2 9
13 13 13 13
3,1 4 Thus, + 29
Thus5 5 Thus,2 13 13
Unlike Fractions
Addition of
To add two or more unlike fractions, first change them into like fractions and then add.
Therefore,
42 60. 175 42+60 +175 277
57 6 210 210 210 210 210
Thus s 77
Thas.s
Example: Mr Rao bought 2
kg of sugar and 3 kg of rice. Find the total
total weis
weight
4
sugar and rice bought by him.
Weight of sugar
2kg =
6As
Thus, Mr Rao bought 6 kg of sugar and rice.
4
Exercise 4.3
1. Add the following:
a. 210 10 24+3
e. 1+2 h. 107
70
f r a c t i o n s
given below, fill in the circles so that both the arms have the
S i n gtthe
he
been done for you.
One has
sing
a m e
m.
s u m .
2tT
CeTURYCritical Thinking
SIULLS
HOTS
Manvi
Praful decided to paint all the 40 pots in their garden.
Manvi, Preeti and
11 and Praful painted 7 pots. What fraction of
painted 17 pots, Preeti painted pots
the total pots is painted?
SUBTRACTION OF FRACTIONS
Subtraction of Like Fractions
To subtract like fractions, subtract the numerators in order and put the answer over
the same denominator.
1
Example: Subtractfrom
10 10
3.3.2.
10 10 10 10 5
71
Pemember to cony
the answer to its
or simplest *or
wit
35-24
-
11
3524 40
Thus, 5 40
with tthe same 3. Aaria's moths
Fractions
f r a c t i o n s
Mixed
Subtraction of i m p r o p e r
into
ctions while her sist
convert the mixed
First subtract.
and then
denominator
tin co
1from 2
Froma
distance da
Length of the
ribbon used
=
48 m
reserved
Exercise|4.4
1. Subtract the following:
b. C 75 e
8