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52 views13 pages

Adobe Scan 01-Sep-2022

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anjanikaushik12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MALHS XPRESS 4.

Fractions

LEARNING OUTCOMES
ATter
studying this chapter, the students will be able to:
find equivalent fractions.
compare and order like and unlike fractions.
calculate the sum of like, unlike and mixed fractions.
perform subtraction of like, unlike and mixed fractions.
evaluate the product of
fraction by a whole number
a
evaluate the product of a fraction by another fraction and by mixed fraction.
find the
multiplicative inverse of a number.
calculate the quotient when a fraction is divided by a whole number and an by
fraction. another

Let's Recall 21T


SKIKLS
Initiative and
Self-direction
When a whole is divided into equal parts, each equal part is called a fraction.
The figure represents

Here, 1 is the numerator and 3 is the denominator.


Let us revise the following:
Equivalent fractions have the same value: =4-4-
16

Like fractions have the same denominator: 3 etc.

Unlike fractions have different denominators: etc.


5' 8'9
Proper fractions are those fractions whose numerator is less than its

denominator
3 5 etcetc.
9'11'
60
Improper iractions are those fractions
. fractions wn0se numerator is
greater than or equal to
its denominator:

5'9'Retc.

Mixed fractions are a combinatio of a whole number and a fraction:


etc.
Express the shaded regions as fractions.

EED like fractions.


H C.
H
2 Tick the
a. b.
19 18
3. Convert the following:
a. Improper into mixed fraction b. Mixed into improper fraction
i 23 i. 9
4 5
4. Evaluate.
a. 12,8 b. 14.19 c. 17-7
18 18 32 32 32 25 25
5. Findof
4
the following:

a. 280 b. 124 C. 48 d. 192


6. On amango tree, there were 12 mangoes. 5
mangoes fell on the ground. What
fraction of mangoes are left on the tree?

FINDING EQUIVALENT FRACTIONS


Two fractions are said to be
equivalent if they have the same value.
Equivalent fractions for a given fraction can be found either
by multiplying both the
numerator and denominator by the same number or by dividing both the
and numerator
denominator by the same number.
Let us see the equivalent fractions of
13 1x22
11x2 2 Multiplying numerator 11x5 5 Multiplying numerator
3x2
3x2 6
and denominator by 2 3 3x5 15 and denominator by 5
1 2 5
herefore,andare
15
equivalent fractions.
61
Similariy 48 Dividing numeraro48
48+31and denominato 484 12 Dividing
ding
60 60 3 20
by 3
by 3
and denominator
60 60+4 15
numerato
Thuso are equivalent fractions.
denominat
Example: Vikram watched TV forof an hour and

Riya watched TV forof an hour. Who


watched TV for a longer span of time?
Method 1:
12
Vikram 3
watched TV forof an hour =x 60 minutes =
36 minutes
51
12
Riya watched TV
forof
25
an hour =
x60
25 51
minutes =
36 minutes
Thus, both watched TV for the same span of time.
Method 2:
and are equivalent fractions as 15*5-3
525+5
25 25+5 55
Thus,of an hour is the same asof an hour.
25
Therefore, both watched TV for the same span of time.

Checking for
Equivalent Fractions
To check whether two
fractions are equivalent or not, we can use
is, multiply the numerator of first fraction
the
cross
multiplication
by the denominator of the second and
denominator of the first fraction by the numerator of
the second. If both the
equal, then the given fractions are equivalent, otherwise products =
are not they equivalent
Example 1: Check if
andare
18 equivalent fractions.
8 9 x8 72
9 18-4x 18 72
The products are equal. Therefore, the fractions are equivalent.
62
Fraction
Form of a
Vest
LoWe aid to be in its lowest form if the only common factor of the numerator
fractionissaid
d e n o m i n a t o r
is 1.
d the
and
the.

5 are in their lowest forms.


a'8'11
are
45
' ' 2 725
notin their lowest forms.
Fraction to its Lowest Form
educing a
Method1:
Afraction can be reduced to its lowest form by dividing both the numerator and the
denominator by a common factor.
xample: Reduceto its lowest form.
60
45 3 15
F

60 60+3 20

Butis
20
not in its lowest form, so
repeat the process till the numerator
and the denominator have no other common factor except 1.

So, 15
20
15+5-3
20+5 4

Therefore, the lowest form of


60 4

Method 2:
Find the HCF of the numerator and the
denominator and divide both of them by their
HCF. The fraction will get reduced to the
lowest form in one step.
Example 1: Reduce to its lowest form.
64
The HCF of 48 and 64 is 16.
48 16
Therefore,
64 16 4
48
nus, 6 reduced to its lowest form is 3
G4 4

63
24 form.
Example 2: Reduce to its lowest
120
Method 1: 6 6+2 3
24 24+2 12 12 12+2 6
30 30+ 2 15
333
15
153
120 120+2 60 60 60+2 30

Thus, reduced to its lowest form is5


120

Method 2: 24 2 4 1
24
HCF of 24 and 120 is 24. Therefore, 120120+ 24 55

Thus, reduced to its lowest form is


120

Activity
Work in pairs.
21aY
Technology Litro-
Experiential Leun

Make a presentation on the computer to show and describe the following


types of fa
using rectangular bars. Write all the fractions in the simplest form.
(a) proper and improper fractions
(b) like and unlike fractions
(c) mixed fractions
Example:
Like fractions Unlike fractions

HHH O
8

64
Exercise 4.1
inly
Multip
the numerator and the denominator by 3 in each of the following fractions
1 fraction.
equivalent
to get an
4 e.
a.
19 5 5
,Match each part in thefirst row with their correct option in the second row.

a.
b.
11 C.of
3
1hour d. 4
9
i 5
i. 40 minutes
15 ii. mixed fraction
iv.311
3 Fill in the boxes.

12 28
5 20 50
4 Reduce the following fractions to their lowest form.
15 13
a
45
b. 20
30
C.
169
d, 12
60
e. 4
42
f, 10
50
5. Reduce the following fractions to their lowest form
by finding their HCF.
48 36
a. b55 C. 2. 25 f35
144 121 156 288 150 77

Fun with Maths 21 Collaboration


Experiential Learning

Divide the class into three


groups of students. The teacher prepares cards with fractions
written on them. The teacher can also make cards which read
"Equivalet fraction of
with 6 as the denominator" or in
25
its lowest form. Keep al the cards facing down.

lo play the game, one child from the first group should come and pick a card. The
Student must then represent the fraction on the board.

Example: Equivalent fraction of with 6 as the denominator can be represented as:

orOO0O0 6
The group with the maximum points is the winner.
65
21ST
CoTURYProblem
STLLD
Solvin
HAPPY

CaseStudy BIRTHDAY
celebrate
his
Raghav wanted to his friends.
some of
birthday by inviting offered
and
agreed
His mother Reena said
home. She also
to bake a cake at to buy
She decided
she will make juice. decided
and samosas.
Raghav
Sweets
friends and his
to invite 20 of his
1500.
was
the whole event
mother's budget
for questions.
answer
the following
information,
the above the party, 12 were bove -

Based on
were
invited for The
friends who
1. Out of Raghav's
fraction of girls is.
d.
.
a.
3
5
colour dress, since his birthday d .
dres
friends to wear blue
2.
2. Raghav told all his including Raghav. The tic fra
colour. Totally, 17 wore blue dress,
was blue in
the simplest form is
who wore blue dress in
ofchildren
c21
of
3. Reena made a cake by mixing 250 g of all purpose flour, 100g butter, 20
The fraction of sue=
of sugar and a pinch of baking soda and baking powder.
in the cake is

b. d
5 11 11

4 Reena spent 1200 for the party. The fraction of balance amount is
a. b.

COMPARING LIKE FRACTIONS


Fractions with the same denominator are called like
Like fractions are easy to compare since
fractions we
they have the same denominator.
compare them by comparing their numerators.
66
e:Shyam, Ananya and Vikky are reading books with 100 pages each. Shvam has
Exarnple: Shy

a d t h of the book, Ananya has readth of the book and Vikky has read
10
t h of the book in a day. Who has read the maximum number of pages?
10

Method 1:
has readx 100 30 pages
inone day,Shyam 10
100 70 pages
Ananyahas readX10

100 90 pages
VIkkyhas readx
10
Thus, Vikky has read the maximum number of pages.

Method 2:

Comparison can also be done without finding the actual number of pages read.
To compare like fractions with the same denominator, compare the numerators.
Greater the numerator, greater is the fraction. Here, 9>7>3.

Therefore, 10 10 10
So, Vikky has read the maximum number of pages.

COMPARING UNLIKE FRACTIONS


Fractions with different denominators are called unlike fractions.
Two cases arise while comparing unlike fractions.
Case 1: Fractions with the same numerator.

Example: Arrange 2 2 17in descending order


In this case, the fraction with the larger denominator is smaller. Hence, in
5 5
the above fractions, 23 is the smallest. Next, then and thenis
1 12 11
the largest.

Therefore, 5 5
11 12
Case 2: Fractions with different numerators.
Convert these type of unlike fractions into like fractions by making the denominator
same.
67
Example: Arrange 2 4 andS6,in ascending order.
5
The easiest way to do this is to find the
he easiest LCM of all the
LCM of 3, 5 and 6 is 30.
Now, multiply both the numerator and the denominator
NOW, tor of
denominators
denomin
of all th all the
oy a suitable number to get the denominator as 30. frar-
22x10 20 4x6 24 5 5x5 25
3 3x 10 30' 55x6 30 6 6x5 30

Thus, 2024 25 andare like fractions


30 30 30 30'30
30

Therefore,
6

Exercise 4.2
. Insert the
appropriate sign (>, < or =) in the bOxes.

20 b. 21
10 56 d.
5
e. 10 9 10
9 18 11 11 13 11
h.
13
i. 7
15
15
11
m. n. 9 o.
15 13 13 13
2.
Arrange the fractions in
ascending order.

11' 11' 11'11 b. , 2 3 15 5


11' 13 9 18
C8'4'816
d. 4 213
2' 16 8'8 3 105
3. Arrange the fractions in descending order.

a 10 b8'16' 10
7 4
C10 15
71:

13
d9 e e. 3 1
2 12 12 4
68
ADDITION OF FRACTIONS

Fractions
of ike
ddition
A d t

more like fractions, add the numerators and put the answer over the
more
or
two
To
add
s a m ed e n o m i n a t o r .

S
b.
Examples: Add.
13 13

3+14 ,2-7+2 9
13 13 13 13

3,1 4 Thus, + 29
Thus5 5 Thus,2 13 13
Unlike Fractions
Addition of
To add two or more unlike fractions, first change them into like fractions and then add.

Example 1: Add and


'7 6
LCM of 5, 7 and 6 is 210.
1x42 42 2x 30 60 5 5x35 175
5 5x 42 210 7 7x 30 210' 6 6x 35 210

Therefore,
42 60. 175 42+60 +175 277
57 6 210 210 210 210 210

Example 2: Seema ate rd of a pizza while her brother ateth


of the pizza.
3
How much did they eat altogether?
We need to addand
4
Let us convert them into like fractions and then add.

Altogether they ate+=+=


4
ofthe pizza.
Thus, they ate 7 th of the pizza altogether.

Addition of Mixed Fractions


Example: Add 5 and 2
There are two ways of adding mixed fractions.
69
Method 1: Method 2:
First add the
whole numbers Convertthe mixed fractions into
into :improper
i.e., 5 2 7 fractions and then add.

Now, add the fractions, and


8
and 22
.LCM
4
of 8 and
4is 8. Now, LCM of 8 and 4 is 8.

3ad 4x 2 8 so 4and- 1LOnven


iKe fra

Thus s 77
Thas.s
Example: Mr Rao bought 2
kg of sugar and 3 kg of rice. Find the total
total weis
weight
4
sugar and rice bought by him.

Weight of sugar
2kg =

Weight of rice 35kg

Total weight (2+3k

6As
Thus, Mr Rao bought 6 kg of sugar and rice.
4

Exercise 4.3
1. Add the following:
a. 210 10 24+3

e. 1+2 h. 107

70
f r a c t i o n s

given below, fill in the circles so that both the arms have the
S i n gtthe
he
been done for you.
One has
sing
a m e

m.
s u m .

cdica, Mehreen and Piyali


decided to fill abucket with milk. Jessica filledth ofthe
1 of the bucket. How
bucket and
filledrd ofthe Piyali filledth
10
hurket, Mehreen
milk?
total bucket is filled with
much of the

2tT
CeTURYCritical Thinking
SIULLS
HOTS
Manvi
Praful decided to paint all the 40 pots in their garden.
Manvi, Preeti and
11 and Praful painted 7 pots. What fraction of
painted 17 pots, Preeti painted pots
the total pots is painted?

SUBTRACTION OF FRACTIONS
Subtraction of Like Fractions
To subtract like fractions, subtract the numerators in order and put the answer over
the same denominator.
1
Example: Subtractfrom
10 10

3.3.2.
10 10 10 10 5

Subtraction of Unlike Fractions


o subtract unlike fractions, first convert the fractions into like
fractions by finding the
LCM of their denominators and then subtract.

71
Pemember to cony
the answer to its

or simplest *or
wit

Example: Subtract from 24 (convertingand Fill


each
40. 2
and 5 is into like fractions]
LCM of 8

35-24
-
11
3524 40
Thus, 5 40
with tthe same 3. Aaria's moths
Fractions
f r a c t i o n s

Mixed
Subtraction of i m p r o p e r

into
ctions while her sist
convert the mixed
First subtract.
and then
denominator
tin co
1from 2
Froma

Subtract 4. How much p


Example 1:

We have, 2 and1 2 5. Revathy t r a

distance da

Thus,2 - metres ofred


ribbon. She
used 4metres
Metro Rai
had 10
Example 2: Renuka
ribbon is left with her? 6.
How much
of the coach, the
of the ribbon.
ribbon = 10 m
Length of the and wome

Length of the
ribbon used
=
48 m
reserved

Thus, length of the ribbon


left with Renuka
-(10-
Changing intolikefractions
1 8 HOTS
80-35-=5m 8 Kavya spe
Hence, 5m ofthe ribbon is left with Renuka. salary on

Exercise|4.4
1. Subtract the following:

b. C 75 e
8

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