Brake system questions by zaid
(1)-Determine the elements that Governing the vehicle brake.
- pressure exerted: The amount of friction generated between moving surfaces contacting one
another depends in part on the pressure exerted on the surfaces.
- Vehicle tire: A tire's composition, tread style, tread condition, and inflation pressure all affect its
traction. Using the wrong tire will affect the vehicle stopping power
- Road surface: Generally, asphalt and concrete road surfaces allow for good braking while gravel
surfaces or dirt roads do not
- Coefficient of friction: Roads that are wet or icy, covered in snow, or have loose gravel reduce
the tires' traction and result in longer stopping distances
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(2)-Define the friction, and mention their types.
• Friction: is the force that resists the relative motion between two surfaces in contact
• Types of friction include
- Static friction: is resistance between non-moving surfaces and its present in parking brakes.
- Kinetic friction: is resistance between moving surfaces and is present in standard brakes.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(3)-Function of Automotive Brake
- Reduce the speed of the car and stop it
- Maintaining a constant vehicle speed while going down a slope
- Hold the car steady when it stops
- Preventing wheel slippage when starting the movement (TCS or ASR)
- Maintaining vehicle stability (ESP)
- Battery charging (regenerative braking).
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(4)-Identify the Requirements of Braking System.
- Decreasing stopping distance
- Higher efficiency at hard conditions
- Easier to maintain
- Higher brake response
- Decreasing brake fade
- More safe during fast braking
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(5)-Classify different types of vehicle brakes.
- Mechanical brakes
- Hydraulic brakes
According to Method of - Air brakes
Power - Vacuum brakes
- Magnetic brakes
- Electrical brakes
- Manual
According to Method of
Operation - Servo
- Power operation
According to Method of - Internal Contracting Brakes
Braking Contact - External Contracting Brakes
According to Method of - Single Acting Brakes
Applying Brake Force - Double Acting Brakes
- Service or foot brakes
According to Method of - Parking or hand brakes
Application - Emergency Brake System
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(6)-Identify the basic theory of hydraulic brake.
• A hydraulic system transfers pressure from the brake pedal to brake pads or shoes, using
brake fluid. This transfer is reliable and consistent due to the non-compressible nature of
liquids. The force at output can be increased or decreased by the wheel's piston size, but
piston travel remains constant.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(7)-Discuss the operation theory of vacuum brake booster.
- A brake booster has two chambers, which are separated by a moving membrane. To amplify the
driver's pedal force, a pressure difference is created between both chambers of the brake
booster.
- To do this, the brake booster is evacuated in a non-activated state. When the driver actuates the
brake pedal, ambient air flows into the rear chamber, creating higher pressure in front of the
membrane.
- Such a pressure difference is created between both of the chambers that the diaphragm plate
presses in the direction of the tandem master cylinder and thus supports the force of the driver's
foot.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(8)-Mention the properties of brake fluid.
- Brake fluid is crucial for the proper operation of a hydraulic brake system, serving as a lubricant,
fighting corrosion, and resisting evaporation.
- It is hygroscopic and easily absorbs water, making it susceptible to moisture buildup.
- The fluid's performance is affected by moisture, which can cause vapor buildup, sudden failure,
and unpredictable pedaling.
- Moisture also affects the viscosity of the fluid at low temperatures, making it harder to move through
the system.
- Additionally, moisture can cause corrosion on internal parts of the system, reducing brake system
efficiency.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(9)-State the function of the following; brake pedal, brake booster, master cylinder, disk and
drum brake
Brake - It transmits the force applied to it through the driver to the rest of the hydraulic
pedal brake components
Brake - Is to amplify the force applied to the brake pedal by the driver, making it easier
booster to engage the brakes and providing more braking power to the vehicle
Master - It converts the mechanical force from the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure
Cylinder and controls it
Disk brake
- Generating the braking force necessary to slow down or stop the vehicle
Drum brake
(10)-Draw the main component of hydraulic brake System and air brake system .
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(11)-Types of brake booster
- Vacuum servo.
- Hydraulic servo.
- Servo (vacuum - hydraulic).
- Servo (pneumatic-hydraulic).
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(12)- Identify the basic theory of air brake
- Squeezing air into a smaller space increases the air's resistance. This resistance creates
pressure, which can be converted into mechanical force to apply the brakes required to stop the
vehicle. Air brakes are able to generate more braking force than hydraulic brakes.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(13)- Explain operation of conditions of air brake system (brake applied-brake released).
Brakes Applied Brakes Released
- When the brake pedal is depressed,
compressed air is sent from the stores to - When the driver takes his foot off the brake
the brake chambers. Air pressure pushes pedal. This causes air pressure in the brake
the diaphragm in the brake chambers, chambers to drop, allowing the return
which in turn moves the push rods and springs to pull the brake shoes away from
slack adjusters. The slack adjusters rotate the drum brake. The slack adjusters rotate
the brake camshafts, forcing the back to their original position, and the
- brake lining into the brake drum and vehicle is able to move freely
slowing the vehicle
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(14)-Describe the Function of the following parts; air compressor, Governor, brake chamber,
slack adjuster, and foot valve.
Air - Is responsible for compressing and supplying air to the brake system, allowing
compressor the brakes to be applied.
- Regulates the amount of air pressure in the system, ensuring that the brakes are
Governor
applied with the correct amount of force.
Brake - Converts the compressed air into mechanical force that is used to apply the
Chamber brakes on the vehicle.
Slack - Is responsible for keeping the proper amount of tension in the brake system,
adjuster ensuring that the brakes engage and disengage correctly.
- Is the pedal that the driver uses to control the application of the brakes, allowing
Foot valve
them to regulate the braking force applied to the vehicle.
(15)-Operation theory of Spring Parking Brakes
- During normal service brake operation, the parking brake spring does not expand. Air pressure
keeps the spring caged.
- Spring parking brakes are added to rear axle brake chambers of single unit vehicles. A control
valve in the cab supplies reservoir air, opening and closing to release pressure and expand the
spring, thereby applying brakes.
- When parking a vehicle with overheated brakes, park on level ground, stop the engine, leave the
transmission in the lowest gear, block the wheels, and wait for the brake drum to cool to the touch
before applying spring parking brakes.
- ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(16)-Identify the Function of the ABS.
- Quick braking response
- Monitoring wheel speed
- detects potential wheel lock-ups
- The hydraulic brake pressure is Controlled for each wheel individually
- maintaining steering control and reducing stopping Distance while braking
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(17)-Types of ABS
- [4- sensors & 4- channels]
- [3- sensors & 3- channels]
- [1- sensors & 1- channels]
- [4- sensors & 3- channels]
- [4- sensors & 2- channels]
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(18)-Identify the Advantages and disadvantages of ABS.
Advantage Disadvantages
- Reduced Stopping Distances during braking. - Limited Effectiveness on Certain Terrains.
- Enhanced Safety compared with - The operation is Complexity and high Cost.
traditional braking. - It needs regular maintenance.
- Maintained Steering Ability - Pulsating feeling in the brake pedal during ABS
- Reduce tire wear rate. activation
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(19)-Draw the main component of ABS.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(20)- Describe the function of the following parts; hydraulic main valve, hydraulic modulator,
proportional valve, metering valve, wheel speed sensor, wheel speed sensor, booster pump
Component Function
Hydraulic main
- It helps prevent excessive brake pedal travel during ABS operation.
Valve
Hydraulic
Modulator - Controls the hydraulic pressure applied to the brakes at each wheel
Proportional - it controls rear brake pressures, particularly during hard stops to keep them from locking
Valve up.
- it prevents disc brake activation until 75-125 PSI pressure is applied to the rear drum
Metering valve
brakes, enabling simultaneous application of front and rear brakes for even stopping
Wheel speed
- Continuously monitor the rotational speed of each wheel
Sensor
Brake pedal - It sends a signal to ECU to determine how hard the driver presses the pedal to accurately
Sensor adjust the brake pressure to activate ABS
Booster pump - Used to provide pressurized hydraulic fluid for the ABS
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(21)- Identify the possible causes to the following cases;
1. ABS operation is abnormal.
2. Long brake pedal travel.
3. Hard to Apply Brake Pedal.
4. No Diagnose Output on Dashboard.
ABS operation is abnormal. Long brake pedal travel
- Faulty ABS module - Worn brake pads
- damaged wheel speed sensors - air in the brake lines
- air bubbles in the brake fluid - leaking brake system
- malfunctioning brake pump - faulty master cylinder
Hard to Apply Brake Pedal. No Diagnose Output on Dashboard
- Failing brake booster - Faulty ECU or ABS control module
- contaminated brake fluid - Faulty dashboard display
- blocked brake line - Blown fuse related to the diagnostic system
- Low brake fluid level - Loose connection
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
(22)-Demonstrate the symptoms of damage to the following parts;
1. Brake Booster.
2. Expired Brake Fluid.
- Hard brake pedal that requires excessive force
- Dark or discolored appearance of the brake fluid
to depress
- Presence of debris or Contaminants in the fluid
- Hissing noise heard When applying brakes
- Longer braking distances.
- Noticeable decrease in braking power
3. Brake Pad or Shoe. 4. Wheel-Speed Sensor.
- Squealing or grinding noise when braking - ABS warning light illuminated on the dashboard
- Reduced braking effectiveness - ABS system activating during Normal braking
- Uneven wear on brake pads or shoes. - Erratic readings on the vehicle's speedometer
