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CRO Lecture

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The Genius العبقري
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8 views

CRO Lecture

Uploaded by

The Genius العبقري
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

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Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)

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The cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO)
The cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) is an electrical instrument which is used for display,
measurement and analysis of waveforms and others and electrical phenomenon.
A cathode ray oscilloscope is a very fast X-Y plotter that can display an input voltage signal
versus time.

The non-electrical quantities can also be


measured with the help of Oscilloscope,
but we need to convert it in electrical
form before applying it to input terminals
of Oscilloscope because only electrical
quantities can be given as an input to the
Oscilloscope.
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Construction of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

The construction of CRO includes the following.

❑Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)


❑Vertical amplifier
❑Delay Line
❑Trigger circuit
❑Time base generator
❑Horizontal amplifier
❑Fluorescent Screen
❑Power supply
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Construction of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

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Construction of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1amW7S1fcI&t=3s
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Working of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

▪ CRT Produces a sharply focused beam of electrons and accelerate it to a very high velocity.
▪ The electron beam travels from the electron gun to the screen. The electron gun consists of a
filament, cathode, control grid, accelerating anodes and focusing anode.
▪ While travelling to the screen, electron beams passes between a set of vertical deflecting plates
and a set of horizontal deflection plates.
▪ Voltages applied to these plates can move the beam in vertical and horizontal plane respectively.
▪ The electron beam then strikes the fluorescent material (phosphor) deposited on the screen with
sufficient energy to cause the screen to light up in a small spot.

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Measurement of Voltage, Current, frequency, phase by CRO

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Measurement of Voltage, Current, frequency, phase by CRO

AC signal

➢ The sine wave is supplied to the Y input of CRO. By adjusting the Volt/div knob, obtain a sufficiently
large display of signal on the CRO screen.
➢ The vertical length of the waves from the negative maximum to the positive maximum is read on the
graphic scale of the screen.
➢ This reading (in div.) is multiplied by the volt/div knob reading to give peak to peak voltage Vp-p.
➢ The voltage Vp-p is divide by 2 to give peak ac voltage of the signal.

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Measurement of Voltage, Current, frequency, phase by CRO

DC signal

➢ The DC power supply is connected to Y input of CRO taking care that positive lead of the cable is
connected to +ve terminal and negative to the –ve of the dc power supply.
➢ The Volt/div knob is set and the dc power supply is switched ON. A sufficiently large display of signal
(vertical line) on the CRO screen is obtained by setting Volt/div knob.
➢ The vertical length of the waves is read on the graphic scale of the screen.
➢ This reading (in div.) is multiplied by the volt/div knob reading to get the DC voltage.

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Measurement of Voltage, Current, frequency, phase by CRO

Measurement of Current :

Electrical current cannot be measured directly by an oscilloscope. However, it could be


measured indirectly using Ohm’s law formula and calculate the value of electrical
current.

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Measurement of Voltage, Current, frequency, phase by CRO

Measurement of frequency (Direct Method):


The sine wave is given to the Y input of CRO.
By adjusting the time/div knob, obtain a sufficiently signal on the CRO screen.
Measure the width of one full wave in number of divisions.
Multiply the number of division by time /div knob. This gives the time period of applied signal.

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Measurement of Voltage, Current, frequency, phase by CRO
For the display shown in Figure

If the volts/div setting is 5V/div, what is the peak voltage?


If the time/div setting is 0.1 ms , determine the frequency of the waveform

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