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Linear Inquality

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Linear Inquality

check to known more

Uploaded by

rahulkumarak213
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Inequalities • Linear inequalities in two variables: An

• An inequality is a relation that holds between inequality which involves a linear function in
two values when they are different. two variable E.g. 3x + 2y < 5;
• E.g. x < 5. Here there is a relation between x & 5. • Quadratic inequalities: An inequality which
• 2 real numbers or algebraic expressions related involves a quadratic function .E.g. x2 + 2x ≤ 5
by symbol ‘<’, ‘>’, ‘≤’ or ‘≥’ form inequality.
Solution for linear inequality in one variable
• The study of inequalities is very useful in solving Solution & Solution Set
problems in the field of science, mathematics,
• Solution: Values of x, which make inequality a
statistics, optimization problems, economics,
true statement. E.g. 3 is a solution for x<7
psychology, etc.
• Solution Set: The set of values of x is called its
Example of inequality in daily life: solution set. E.g.: {1,2,3,4,5,6} is solution set for
x<7 where x is natural Number
Alex has 200 Rs & wants to buy some pen & eraser.
How many pen & eraser she can buy?
Rules of Inequality:
We can write this statement mathematically using
inequalities. Let the number of pen Alex can buy be • Equal numbers may be added to (or
x & number of eraser be y. Then, 7𝑥 + 23𝑦 ≤ 200. subtracted from) both sides of an inequality
without affecting the sign of inequality. E.g.
Notations 𝑥 < 7 is same as 𝑥 + 2 < 7 + 2
• The notation a < b means that a is less than b. • Both sides of an inequality can be multiplied
• The notation a > b means that a is greater (or divided) by the same positive number
than b. without affecting the sign of inequality.
• The notation a ≠ b means that a is not equal E.g. : 𝑥 + 𝑦 < 7 is same as (𝑥 + 𝑦) × 3 <
to b 7×3
• The notation a ≤ b means that a is less than or • But when both sides are multiplied or
equal to b divided by a negative number, then the sign
• The notation a ≥ b means that a is greater than of inequality is reversed. e.g: 𝑥 + 𝑦 < 7 is
or equal to b same as (𝑥 + 𝑦) × (−3) > 7 × (− 3)

Types of Inequalities: Question: Solve 30 𝑥 < 160 when (i) x is a natural


• Numerical inequalities: Relationship between number, (ii) x is an integer, (iii) x is real number
numbers. E.g. 3 < 5 Solution:
• Literal or variable inequalities: Relationship Dividing the inequality by 30 as per rule 2.
between variables or variable & number. E.g. x 30𝑥 160
<
<5 30 30
16
• Double Inequalities: Relationship from two 𝑂𝑟 𝑥 <
side. E.g. 2 <x < 5 3
Case 1: 𝑥 is a natural number. Then solution set is
• Strict inequalities: An inequality that uses the
{1,2,3,4,5}
symbols < or >. The symbols ≤ and ≥ are not
Case 2: 𝑥 is an integer. Then solution set is {……-4,-
used. g. x < 5; 3<5
3,-32,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5}
• Slack inequalities. An inequality that uses the Case 3: 𝑥 is a real number. Then solution set is
symbols ≤ or ≥ E.g. x ≤ 5 (–∞,16/3).
• Linear inequalities in one variable: An We can represent case 3 solution using number
inequality which involves a linear function in line
one variable E.g. x < 5;
Question: Solve 7𝑥 + 2 ≤ 5𝑥 + 8. Show the graph
of the solutions on number line.
Solution: Subtracting 2 from both side we get
7𝑥 ≤ 5𝑥 + 6
Subtracting 5x from both side we get
2𝑥 ≤ 6
Dividing 2 both side we get
𝑥 ≤ 3
We can represent this in Number line
below.

Graphical Solution of Linear Inequalities in 2


variables
A line divides the Cartesian plane into two equal
parts. A point in Cartesian plane will either lie on a
line or will lie in either of half planes. The region
containing all the solutions of an inequality is called
the solution region.

Steps for find solution region for a linear inequality


in 2 variables
1. Replace the inequality sign with equal sign &
plot the graph. In this case plot graph for x+2y
=9. Green line represent x+2y =9
In order to identify the half plane represented by
2. Take any point on the graph. Here we took (8, 1)
an inequality, it is just sufficient to take any point
& check if satisfies the linear inequality. In this
(a, b) (not online) and check whether it satisfies the
case x+2y >9. If yes, then the region where this
inequality or not. If it satisfies, then the inequality
assumed point lies is the solution region.
represents the half plane and shade the region
3. In case of Slack inequality (≥ or ≤) use solid line,
which contains the point, otherwise, the inequality
since the points on the line is included in the
represents that half plane which does not contain
solution set.
the point within it. For convenience, the point (0, 0)
4. In case of Strict inequality (> or <) use dotted
is preferred.
line, since points on the line is not included in
Example: 𝑥 + 2𝑦 > 9
solution set.
In case of multiple linear inequalities, the region
common to all the inequalities is the solution
region.
Question: Solve the following system of
inequalities graphically 5x + 4y ≤ 40, x > 2 & y ≥ 3
Solution: Steps
1. Draw lines for 5x + 4y = 40 & x= 2 & y = 3
2. Find the solution region for each of these linear
inequalities
3. Find common region. Common region is the
solution region.

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