1ST WEEK

MATHEMATICS
SCHEME OF WORK SECOND TERM BASIC 9
1. Revision of First term’s work
2. Methods of solving simultaneous Linear Equations in one or Two Variables
Elimination, Substitution and Graphical Methods
3. Methods of solving simultaneous Equation.
Application of Linear Equation
Graphical Method continued
4. Statistics II
Application of measure of central tendency on relevant current issues
Data collection from info on drug Abuse, voters Register, Producers (workers),
consumers (children, aged etc)
Importance of data on drug. Abuse, HIV patients, Voters Register, Producers,
consumers etc
The use of the statistical tools such as measures of central tendency in Drug abuse,
voting and other related activities.
5. Variation
Concept and meaning
Types of variation with examples Direct, Inverse, Joint, and Partial.
6. Variation (continued)
Joint and Partial Variation on simple exercises
More exercise in the various types of variation
7. Revision
8. Trigonometric ratio of angles
Sine, cosine, tangent of acute angles
Application of trigonometrically ratios to solve problems on angles and sides of a
9. Angles of elevation and depression
Clinometers to measure distances.
10. Bearing and Distances.
Concept of bearing and distances
Taking of bearing
Instrumental for taking bearing
Scale drawing
11 – 13 Revision & Examination

WEEK 2
SOLVING OF SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS
A linear equation is an equation with one solution, in equation known as linear there is only one
or two variable unknown variables. But in the case where we combine two equations (linear)
thereby having what is known as Simultaneous equation. E.g
4x + y = 8 (1) are called simultaneous equations
3x – y = 6 (2)

Simultaneous Linear equations can be solved, graphically, algebraically. But in today’s class we
shall be considering the algebraically method of solution.

ALGEBRAIC METHOD
There are two algebraic methods of solving simultaneous equations. These are:
(a) Substitution method
(b) Elimination method

Substitution Method
To use substitution method
1. Re-arrange one of the equations so that one variable is made the subject of the formula of
the equation.
2. Substitute this into the other equations.
3. Solve the resulting equation to obtain one variable.
4. The other variable is found by substituting your answer into the original equation.
5. Check the solutions by substituting the two answers back into the original equation.

WRITE ABOUT
Example 1
Solve the following simultaneous equations by substitution method.
i. y = 5x + 2 ii. 2x + 3y = 5
x + 2y = 15 3x + y = 4
iii. 4m – 3n = 0 iv. x + 6y = -2
m + 2n = 3 3x + 2y = 10

Solution
II. 2x + 3y = 5 …………. (1)
3x + y = 4 …………. (2)

Step (1)
Label the 1st equation (1) and the second equation (2) for easy reference later on.
Step (2)
From equation (2) make “y” subject of formulae 3x + y = 4
Y = 4 – 3x …………… (3)
Step (3)
Substitute y = 4 – 3x into equation (1)
2x + 3y = 5
2x + 3 (4 – 3x) = 5
Step (4)
Open the brackets and solve for x.
2x + 12 – 9x = 5
12 – 7x = 5
12 – 5 – 7x = 10
7 7x
=
7 7
x=1

Step 5
Substitute for x = 1 into equation…………. (3)
y = 4 – 3x; y = 4 – 3(1), y = 4 – 3
y=4–3 check
y=1
Hence: x = 1, y = 1 2(1) + 3(1)
is the solution to the equation 2+3=5
In Equation (2)
3(1) + (1)
3+1=4
Example II
4m – 3n = 0
m + 2n = 3
Step (1)
Label the equations
4m – 3n = 0 ………. (1)
m + 2n = 3 ………. (2)
Step 2
Make “m” subject of formula in equations (2)
m + 2n = 3
m = 3 – 2n ………. (3)
Step 3
Substitute m = 3 – 2n into equation ………. (1)
4m – 3n = 0
4(3 – 2n) – 3n = 0
Step 4
Open the bracket and solve for “n”
12 – 8n – 3n = 0
12 – 11n = 0
−11n −12
=
−11 −11
1
n=1
11

Step 5
12
Substitute the value on n = into equation………….. (3)
11

m=3–2 ( 1211 )
3 24
m= −
1 11
3 24 9
− =
11 1 11
9 12
Hence m = ,n=
11 11

WRAP UP AND ASSESSMENT

Two equations are called simultaneous equations if they are to be solved at the same time. In
substitution method make one variable the subject and then substitute this value in the other
equation.
Solve the following simultaneously using substitution method.
(1) x + 6y = -2 (2) -2 = 5x – y
3x + 2y = 10 15 = x + 2y

(3) 4x + 7y = 20
3x + y = -2

TICKET OUT
Solve the following simultaneous Equation by substitution method.
Exercise 16.3 pg 149 No 11 – 1
WEEK 3
ELIMINATION METHOD
This method is very useful to solve simultaneous equations especially when none of the
coefficients of the unknown is 1.
Example III.
Solve the following simultaneous equations by elimination method.
(a) 6x + 5y = 15 (1) (b) 4c – 4d = 9
3x + 5y = 12 (2) 5c + 4d = 18
One of the unknown “Y” has equal coefficient and with the same signs so we subtract the two
equations to eliminate y terms.
6x + 5y – (3x + 5y) = 15 - 12
6x + 5y - 3x - 5y = 3
6x - 3x + 5y - 5y = 3
3x + 0 = 3
3x 3
=
3 3
x=1

To find y, substitute x=1 in either (1) or (2) using equation

(1) 6x + 5y = 15
6(i) + 5y = 15
6 + 5y = 15
5y = 15 – 6
5y 9
=
5 5
9
y=
5
(b) 4c – 4d = 9 (1)
 5c + 4d = 18 (2)
One of the unknown “d” has equal coefficient but with different sign so we add the two
equations to eliminate “d”
4c – 4d + 5c + 4d = 9 + 18
4c + 5c – 4d + 4d = 27
9 c 27
=
9 9
C=3
To find d substitute c = 3 into (1)
4c – 4d = 9
4(3) – 4d = 9
4d = 12 - 9
4d 3
=
4 4
3
D=
4
WRAP UP AND ASSESSMENT
In elimination method you may need to multiply one or both of the equations by a number in
order to obtain a variable with e same coefficient in both equations. Then add both equations
when the signs of the variables you want to eliminate are opposite but subtract them when the
signs are the same.
Exercise: 16 4 No 2, 3, 7 – 11.
Use elimination method to solve the following simultaneous equations.
2. 6x + 7y = 15 3) 4x + 3y = 10
6x – 9y = 31 4x + 5y = 8

7) 2x + 3y = 8 8) 3x + 4y = 10
3x + 2y = 7 2x + 5y = 9

9) 4x + 3y = 11 10) 4a + 3b = 3
 3x – 4y = 2 3a + 2b = 1

TICKET OUT
Solve the following Simultaneous equation by Elimination method. Exercise 16.4 No 12 -1

WEEK 4
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION GRAPHICALLY
To solve simultaneous equations graphically.
i. Make a table of values for both equations.
ii. Draw the graphs for both equations on the same axes
iii. Find the co-ordinate (i.e x and y values) where both graphs intersect these values are
the solutions of both equations.
iv. Check your solutions by putting these values into the original equations to make sure
they satisfy them.
Example 16.3
Solve the simultaneous equations.
X – 2y = 4 and 2x – y = 5 graphically
Solution
In each equation make y the subject of the equation
(i) x – 2y = 4
-2y = 4 – x
∴ y = -2 + 0.5x ……………… (1)

WEEK 5
VARIATION
Variation may be described as the relationship that exist between two or more quantities in
which a change in one quantity leads to a change in the other(s)
Variation can be classified into;
1. Direct
2. Inverse
3. Joint
4. Partial variation

DIRECT VARIATION
Direct Variation occurs when two variables x and y are related directly, here an increase or
decrease in x results into a proportional increase or decrease in the other.
For example.
If y varies directly as x, then y ∝ x
The symbol ‘∝’ means “is proportion to” or “varies directly with”. This symbol can be change to
an “= “sign by introducing a constant.
∴y∝x
Y = kx; where k is a constant
Example 1
The relationship between M and L
The value of L when M = 15
Solution
6
M∝L K= =3
2
M = KL M = 3L
6 = K× 2 M = 3L is the relationship
ii. M = 3L, M = 15
15 3 L
=
3 3
L=5
INVERSE VARIATION
Two variables are said to be inverse proportion when their product is a constant.
If the value of y varies as a result of the variation of Z such that y x Z is always a constant, then y
1 k
is said to vary inversely with Z. Inverse variation is written as y ∝ , y = where K is the
z z
constant.
Example 2.
If P varies inversely with A where P = 4 and A = 8, find the constant and write down the
equation.
Solution
1 32
P∝ P=
A A
K
P=
A
PA = K
4x8=k
K = 32

WEEK 6
JOINT VARIATION
In joint variation, we usually have at least three variables.
If P ∝ qx, that means p is proportional to qx. This is called joint variation. The equation for such
a variation is p = Kqx where k is a constant. For example, the mass of a sheet of metal is
proportional to both the area and the thickness of the metal, i.e M ∝ At (where M, A and t are
the mass, area and thickness). The mass varies jointly with the area and thickness.
Again, at mid-day, the temperature ToC inside a house is proportional to the outside
temperature thickness of the house wall tcm.
s
Here T ∝
t
ks
T=
t
PARTIAL VARIATION
When the variation of y depends partly on p and partly on V such that y = k, P + K 2v, the
variation is called a partial variation. The cost is partly constant and it partly varies with the
amount of time taken. Hence, c = a + bt where c is the cost, t is time taken and a and b are
constant.

WEEK SEVEN
MID TERM EXAMINATION

WEEK 8
THE TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
The 3 trigonometric ratios are sine (sin), cosine (cos) and tangent (tan)
Consider the right-angled triangle below
B

∅
Hypotenuse
Adjacent

to B

A C
Opposite to B

Hypotenuse: the longest side is called hypotenuse

1) Tangent of an Angle
opposite
In any right angle triangle tangent =
adjacent

Example
Use the table of tangent to write down the values of the following (a) tan 36 o (b) tan
23.5o (c) tan 45o

Solution

(a) Tan 36o. look for 36o under the column headed x tan 36o = 0.7265
(b) Tan 23.5o look for 230 under the column headed x. then move across until under the
column headed 0.5o to find 0.4348 ∴ tan 23.5o = 0.4348
(c) Tan 450 = 1

Exercise: in ∆ ABC, Ĉ = 90, B = 28o and CA = 12cm. Find BC. Give your answer to 2.s.f

SINE AND COSINE OF AN ANGLE

opposite adjacent
Sine = , Cosine =
hypotenuse hypotenuse

The three ratios can be summarized in the word SOH CAH TOA

opp adj opp

Sin∅ = , Cos∅ = , tan∅ =
hyp hyp adj

Example: Use tables of sine and cosine to find (a) Sin 46.65o (b) cos 15.94o = 0.9615

Solution

(a) Sin 46.65o = 0.7266 (b) cos 15.94o

Exercise: Find the size of an ∅ in the triangles below A B

(a) (b)

14cm
12cm 30cm
5cm

∅
∅
C

C
 WEEK NINE

APPLICATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

Examples: a ladder of 10m is placed against a vertical wall such that the angle between the
ladder and the horizontal ground is 30o

(a) Calculate the distance up the wall the ladder reaches

Solution
x
Ladder Sin 30o =
10
X = 10 x sin 30o
10 X = 5m
hyp opp
x

30o

adj

Exercise
 In a circle, point O is the centre AB is a chord with length 16cm. The radius of the circle is 10cm
calculate

(a) The angle AÔB

(b) The vertical line from the centre to the line AB

ANGLE OF ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION

Tangent ratio can be used to solve real life problems such as angles of elevation and
depression.

(1) Angle of Elevation

Example: A tower AB is 50m high if the distance from the point C is 80m from A on a
B level ground find the angle of elevation of B from C

50m

Towe ∅ C
A
rRRr 80
m 50
Let ∅ be the angle of elevation of B from C, tan ∅ = = 0.6250
80

∅ = tan-1(0.6250) = 32o

(2) Angle of Depression

Example: From the top of a cliff of 150m high, John observes that the angle of
depression of a boat at sea is 20o calculate the distance of the boat from the foot of the
cliff (ignore John’s height)
 Solution
A 150
Tan 20o =
20 o
x

150m 150
X=
tan 20 °

cliff X = 412m
20o
C
B John

Exercise

(1) The angle of elevation of the top of a building is 35o from a point 55m away on a level
ground. Calculate the height of the building
(2) From the top of a mountain 150m high a girl notices that the angle of depression of an
object at sea is 350o. find the distance of the object from the foot of the mountain
(ignore the height of the girl)

Assignment
Q

30o

140cm

200cm R
P
a) Calculate angle QRS
b) PR
 WEEK 10

BEARINGS

Bearings are measured from the north in the clock wise direction

North
NW
NE

West East

SW SE
South
Examples of bearings using three digits
A
1) The bearing of point A from B is 090o
 Q

2) The bearing of point P from Q is 210o

210o

Exercise

Point P and Q are respectively 30km North and 20km west of point R. Work out the bearing of
Q from P.

Assignment

From point P Wisdom cycles 18km north to point Q, then east to point R. If the bearing of R
from p is 065o. What is the distance from Q to R.?