DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Mandue City Division

Plaridel St., Reclamation Area, Mandaue City
9
SCIENCE
QUARTER 4 MODULE 2
WEEK 4

WORK, POWER
AND ENERGY
 SCIENCE
QUARTER 4 MODULE 2
9
WEEK 4

WORK, POWER AND

ENERGY

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
MANDAUE CITY DIVISION
 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

LEARNING COMPETENCIES

Perform activities to demonstrate conservation of mechanical energy.

S9FE-IVd-40

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

 Identify the changes in the forms of energy especially mechanical

energy.
 Demonstrate how is mechanical energy is conserved during transfers
and/or transformations.

INTRODUCTION

All moving object possess momentum and mechanical energy. In this

self-learning kit of the 4th quarter gives you the concept of the transformation
of energy especially mechanical energy and its conservation will be studied
conceptually and mathematically as applied in many natural events as well
as in the working principle of man-made structure such as rides and electric
power plants.

WHAT I KNOW

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Choose and encircle of the correct answer.

1. What is the energy of a motorcycle moving slowly at the top of a hill?

A. Entirely kinetic
B. Entirely potential
C. Entirely gravitational
D. Both kinetic and potential
2. Which event is explained in the sequence of energy changes shown in
the diagram below?

Chemical Energy  Heat  Mechanical Energy (with wasted heat)

A. A headlight is on
B. A turbine spins
C. Electric current powers a flat iron
D. Gasoline burns to run a jeepney

3. In the Agus VI Hydroelectric Power (HEP) Plant, which energy

transformation takes place?
A. Electrical energy  mechanical energy  electrical energy
B. Gravitational potential energy  kinetic energy  electrical energy
C. Heat  mechanical energy  electrical energy
D. Nuclear energy  heat  electrical energy

4. Which event does NOT describe potential energy being changed into
kinetic energy?
A. A box sliding down a ramp
B. A mango falling from a crate
C. A pen spring being compressed
D. A stretched rubber band got loosened

5. Which event illustrates the direct transformation of potential to kinetic

energy?
A. A basketball player catches a flying ball
B. A kalesa moves from rest
C. Kathy’s arrow is released from its bow
D. The spring mechanism of a toy is rotated until it locked.

6. Which sequence of energy transformation best describes what

happens when you switch on you battery-run radio?
A. Mechanical Energy  Electrical Energy  Sound Energy
B. Mechanical Energy  Chemical Energy  Sound Energy
C. Chemical Energy  Electrical Energy  Sound Energy
D. Chemical Energy  Mechanical Energy  Sound Energy

7. Which among the forms of energy is considered a potential energy?

A. Chemical Energy
B. Radiant Energy
C. Sound Energy
D. Thermal Energy

8. Which of the following happens to a coconut that falls freely?

A. Loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy
B. Loses both potential energy and kinetic energy
 C. Gains potential energy and loses kinetic energy
D. Gains both potential energy and kinetic energy

9. A torchlight feel from a watchtower. The potential energy of the

torchlight at the highest point compared to its kinetic energy at the
lowest point is _______.
A. Lesser
B. Equal
C. Greater
D. Not related

10. The wind-up toy that is fully wound and at rest possesses ___________.
A. Kinetic but no potential energy
B. Potential but no kinetic energy
C. Both potential and kinetic energy in equal amounts
D. Neither potential nor kinetic energy

WHAT’S IN

Watch a video on Energy transformation in YouTube using this link:

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4Rxb-3jIqQ) Physics: Energy
Transformation [AboodyTV]. After watching, answer the following questions
below.

1. State and explain the Law of Conservation of Energy (Law of

Conversion)
2. Name 6 different forms of energy
3. Describe energy transformation

WHAT IS IT

In general, the energy acquired by objects upon which work is done is

known as mechanical energy. You have learned in Grade 8 Science that
mechanical energy falls under two categories:
Table 1. Different Forms of Mechanical Energy

Table2. Mechanical Potential and Kinetic Energy Equations

 ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

The evidence and varied uses of the different energy forms are
everywhere. Its flow causes changes through heat and work.
Be it energy moving through the food chain or an electric power plant,
energy can never be created from nothing nor can it be destroyed into
nothing. Energy is simply transformed from one form to another o transferred
from one system to another. It flows from a source (serving an input system) into
an output system during transfers and/or transformations.

Figure 1. Energy Transformation in a lit electric lamp

WHAT’S MORE

ACTIVITY 1

LITTLE SHOP OF TOYS

Objectives:

At the end of the activity, you should be able to:

- Identify the energy forms present in the operation of simple toys,
and
- Describe the energy transformations in the toys
Materials Needed:

Yoyo
Friction toy car
Deflated balloon
2 mystery objects
Activity Sheets/Science Notebook

Procedure:

1. Operate each toy to move and observe closely what causes it to

start and stop moving.
2. For each toy, identify all forms of energy involved in the process.
3. Trace the energy transformations by sketching and labeling the toy
while in motion.
4. From inside the room, choose two objects/toys of interest to you. Do
steps 1 to 3.
5. For each toy and object, answer the following questions:

Guide Questions:
Q1. What does the toy or object do?
Q2. What energy changes take place as this toy or object operates?
Q3. What form does the stored energy start out with?
Q4. What form does the stored energy turned into?
Q5. What form is the output energy when it stops?
Q6. What made each object move a certain displacement and what
made each object come to stop after being displaced?

LESSON 1

CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY

Let us now examine what happens to the mechanical energy of a roller

coaster from Figure 2 below. If the cart moves from positions H to O, the
potential energy decreases since its height decreases. On the other hand, its
speed increases as it moves down; thus its kinetic energy increases. From point
O to P, it gains back its potential energy since it is moving up at a higher
elevation. In contrast, its kinetic energy decreases as it moves up because it
slows down. This exchange of potential and kinetic energy is known as
mechanical energy.
 Figure 2. Conservation of Mechanical Energy in a Roller Coaster

Well, at the top of the hill, the car is stationary, so as the car begins to
move down the hill, the potential energy begins to be converted to kinetic
energy. The car gathers speed until it reaches back on top of the other side of
the hill and converts the gained kinetic energy back to potential energy.

Ignoring frictional force and other eternal forces, the total mechanical
energy, which is the sum of its kinetic and potential energies, remains constant
at all points in the track. In equation form,

MET1 = MET2 = MET3 = constant

PE1 + KE1 = PE2 + KE2 = PE3 + KE3 = constant

WHAT’S MORE:
GETTING DEEPER
Now you are ready to quantify or measure the potential and kinetic
energy using the following equation:

𝑷𝑬 = 𝒎𝒈𝒉 Where:
PE = Potential Energy
m = mass in kilograms (kg)
g = acceleration due to gravity in m/s2
= 9.8 m/s2
h = height in meters (m)
 𝟏
𝑲𝑬 = 𝒎𝒗𝟐 Where:
𝟐
KE = Kinetic Energy
m = mass in kilograms (kg)
v = velocity in m/s

𝟏
𝒉= 𝒂𝒈 𝒕 Where:
𝟐
ag = acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)
= 9.8 m/s2
t = time in second (s)

𝑽𝒇 = 𝒂𝒈 𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑽𝒊 = 𝟎 Where:
Vf = final velocity in m/s
ag = acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)
= 9.8 m/s2
T = time in second (s)

EXERCISE # 1

Consider a 1-kg stone dropped on top of a hill and reached the ground
after 3 seconds. From your concept on free fall, the height of the hill can be
computed using the formula:

𝟏
𝒉= 𝒂𝒈 𝒕𝟐 and 𝑽𝒇 = 𝒂𝒈 𝒕 since 𝑽𝒊 = 𝟎
𝟐

Now let us determine what happens to the free falling object’s kinetic
energy and potential energy.

At t = 0 s, the object is 44.1 m from the ground. Using the equations for
Potential Energy, we have

𝑷𝑬 = 𝒎𝒈𝒉
= (1 kg) (9.8 m/s2) (44.1m)
= 432.18 J

The Kinetic Energy at t = 0 s is,

𝟏
𝑲𝑬 = 𝟐
𝒎𝒗𝟐
1
= 2 (1 kg) (0)2
=0
 The Total Mechanical Energy of the free falling object at t = 0s is

𝑴𝑬𝑻 = 𝑷𝑬 + 𝑲𝑬
= 432.18 + 0
= 432.18 J

At t = 1 s, the Potential Energy is,

𝑷𝑬 = 𝒎𝒈𝒉
𝑃𝐸 = (1 𝑘𝑔) (9.8 𝑚/𝑠2) (44.1 𝑚 – 4.9 𝑚)
𝑃𝐸 = (9.8 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠2) (39.2 𝑚)
𝑷𝑬 = 𝟑𝟖𝟒. 𝟏𝟔 𝐉
`
The Kinetic Energy at t = 1 s is,

𝟏
𝑲𝑬 = 𝒎𝒗𝟐
𝟐
1
𝐾𝐸 = 2 (1 𝑘𝑔)(9.8 𝑚⁄𝑠)2
𝑲𝑬 = 𝟒𝟖. 𝟎𝟐 𝑱

The Total Mechanical Energy is:

𝑴𝑬𝑻 = 𝑷𝑬 + 𝑲𝑬
𝑀𝐸𝑇 = 384.16 𝐽 + 48.02 𝐽
𝑴𝑬𝑻 = 𝟒𝟑𝟐. 𝟏𝟖 𝑱

Summarizing the answers in Table 1, you can see clearly the equivalence
of the Total Mechanical Energy in every second.

Following the steps in getting the Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy for
t = 0 s and t = 1 s, complete the table when time (t) = 2 s, and time (t) = 3 s.

Table 1. Summary of the Mechanical Energy of a Free Falling Body

Time , t Height, Velocity, Potential Kinetic Total Mechanical

(s) h v Energy, PE Energy, KE Energy ,
(m) (m/s) (J) (J) MET = PE+KE
(J)
0 44.1 0 432.18 0 432.18
1 39.2 9.8 384.16 48.02 432.18
2
3
 POST-ASSESSMENT

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the energy of a motorcycle going fast midway down a hill?

A. Entirely kinetic
B. Entirely potential
C. Entirely gravitational
D. Both kinetic and potential

2. Which event is explained in the sequence of energy changes shown in

the diagram below?
Chemical Energy  Heat  Mechanical Energy (with wasted heat)

A. A blue spotlight is on
B. A runner doing stretches
C. An electric fan rotates
D. The battery-powered toy car runs forward

3. In the Agus VI Hydroelectric Power (HEP) Plant, which energy

transformation takes place?

A. Electrical ebergy  mechanical energy  electrical energy

B. Gravitational potential energy  kinetic energy  electrical energy
C. Heat  mechanical energy  electrical energy
D. Nuclear energy  heat  electrical energy

4. Which event does NOT describe potential energy being changed into
kinetic energy?

A. A cart rolls down a hill

B. A rubber foam is being compressed
C. A student lets go a stretched slinky
D. A twig falls from a branch

5. Which event illustrates the direct transformation of potential to kinetic

energy?

A. A volleyball player blocks an incoming ball

B. A sleeping cow stirs awake
C. The wide-open spring door closes slowly
D. The spring of a broken toy shoots up
6. Which sequence of energy transformation best describes what
happens when you prepare scrambled egg using an egg beater?

A. Mechanical energy  Electrical Energy  Sound energy

B. Mechanical energy  Chemical energy + Sound energy
C. Chemical Energy  Mechanical energy  Sound energy
D. Chemical Energy  Mechanical energy + Sound energy

7. Which among the objects is considered as having potential energy?

A. Ambulance siren
B. Candle flame
C. Hot plate
D. Milk

8. Which of the following happens to raindrops?

A. Loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy

B. Loses both potential and kinetic energy
C. Gains potential energy and loses kinetic energy
D. Gains both potential energy and kinetic energy

9. A runner jumps over a hurdle. Neglecting friction, the potential energy

of the runner at the highest point compared to his kinetic energy at the
lowest point is ______?

A. Lesser
B. Equal
C. Greater
D. Not related

10. A fully spring-wound toy fan that is about to rotate possesses _________.

A. Kinetic but no potential energy

B. Potential but no kinetic energy
C. Both potential and kinetic energy in equal amounts
D. Neither potential nor kinetic energy
REFERENCES

Science Learner’s Module 9 pages 278-283, 292-293, 296-297.

Science Teacher’s Guide 9 pages 192-195.

AboodyTV. (2017, Feb 16). PHYSICS: ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

[AboodyTV]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4Rxb-
3jIqQ.
Self-Learning Kit

Quarter 4 Module 2 (Week 4): Work, Power and Energy

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Published by the Department of Education

Mandaue City Division

MARINA A. GARBO

Writer