ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES::RAJAMPET

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)

B. Tech. III Year I Semester
(7G159) COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Course Objectives:
The course aims to provide the student with the ability
 To make the students understand the structure and of various functional
modules
 To understand the techniques that computers use to communicate with
I/O devices
 To study the concepts of pipelining and the basic characteristics of
multiprocessors
Unit-I
BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS: Computer types, Functional
units, Basic operational concepts, Bus structures, Software, performance,
multiprocessors and multi computers. Data types, Complements, Data
representation: Fixed point and floating point representations, Error detection
codes.
Unit-II
REGISTER TRANSFER LANGUAGE AND MICRO-PERATIONS:
Register transfer language, register transfer, Bus and memory transfer,
Arithmetic Micro Operations, logic micro operations, shift micro operations,
arithmetic logic shift unit, Instruction codes, Computer registers computer
instructions-Instruction cycle, memory-reference instructions, input-output
and interrupt.
Unit-III
CENTRALPROCESSINGUNIT and COMPUTER ARITHMETIC:
Stack organization, Instruction formats, Addressing modes, data transfer and
manipulation, Program control, reduced instruction set computer.
COMPUTER ARITHMETIC: Addition and subtraction, multiplication
algorithms, Division algorithms
MICRO PROGRAMMED CONTROL: Control memory, Address
sequencing, and micro program example.
Unit-IV:
THE MEMORY SYSTEM & INPUT-OUTPUT ORGANIZATION:
Memory hierarchy, Main memory, Auxiliary memory, Associative memory,
Cache memory, virtual memory, memory management hardware.
INPUT-OUTPUT ORGANIZATION: Peripheral devices, input-output
interface, Priority Interrupt, Direct Memory Access, Input-output processor
(IOP).
Unit-V:
PIPELINE AND VECTOR PROCESSING: Parallel processing,
pipelining, Arithmetic pipeline, Instruction Pipeline, RISC pipeline vector
processing, Array Processing.
Multi Processors: Characteristics of multiprocessors, interconnection
structures, Inter processor Arbitration.
Text Books:
1. M.Moris Mano, Computer System Architecture, PHI, III Edition, 2006.
2. Car Hamacher, ZvonkoVranesic, SafwatZaky, Car Hamacher,
ZvonkoVranesic, SafwatZaky, Computer Organization, Mc.GrawHill
Edition, 2002.
Reference Books:
1. William Stallings, Computer Organization and Architecture, PHI,
Seventh Edition, 2006.
2. John P.Hayes, Computer Architecture and Organization, Mc Graw Hill
International editions, 1998.
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, students will be
 Able to use memory and I/O devices effectively
 Able to explore the hardware requirements for cache memory and virtual
memory
 Able to understand pipelining and multiprocessors

Course PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO1 - 3 2 - - 1 - 3 2 - - 2 3 3 2
CO2 - - - - 3 1 1 2 3 1 - 3 2 1
CO3 - 2 2 - 1 - - - 2 - - - 2 3 -
ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY&SCIENCES:: RAJAMPET
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)
B. Tech. III Year I Semester
(7G351)DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
Course Objectives:
The course aims to provide the student with the ability
 To understand and apply different digital modulation Techniques
 To learn and design various coding and detection techniques
Unit-I
PULSE DIGITAL MODULATION: Elements of digital communication
system, advantages of digital communication systems, Elements of PCM,
Bandwidth requirements of PCM, Noise in PCM Systems, Differential PCM
systems (DPCM), Delta modulation systems, Adaptive delta modulation,
comparison of PCM and DM systems,
Unit-II
DIGITAL CARRIER MODULATION SCHEMES: Introduction, Binary
ASK Signaling Scheme-Generation and detection methods, Binary FSK
Signaling Scheme-Generation and detection methods, Binary PSK Signaling
Scheme-Generation and detection methods, DPSK and DEPSK, Introduction
to M-ary Signaling , Comparison of Digital Modulation Schemes.
Unit-III
INFORMATION THEORY AND SOURCE CODING: Unit of
information, Entropy, Rate of information, Joint and conditional entropy,
Mutual information, Channel capacity, Shannon theorem, Shanon –Hartley
theorem- Trade-off between Bandwidth and S/N.
Unit-IV
ERROR CONTROL CODING-I: Introduction, Classification of Codes,
Shanon-Fano coding, Huffman coding, Lempel-Ziv Code.
Linear block codes: Introduction, Matrix description of Linear Block codes,
Error detection and error correction capabilities of linear block codes,
Syndrome Calculation.
Unit-V
ERROR CONTROL CODING-II: Binary cyclic codes: Algebraic
structure, encoding of cyclic codes, syndrome calculation
Convolution Codes: Introduction, Encoder for convolution codes, State
diagram, Tree diagram and Trellis diagram
Text Books:
1. K.Sam shanmugam - Digital and Analog communication Systems,
Wiley, 2010.
2. R.P.Singh & S.D.Sapre - Communication Systems Analog & Digital,
TMH, 2008.
 Reference Books:
1. Simon Haykin - Digital Communications, Wiley, 2006.
2. John Proakis - Digital Communications, TMH, 1983.
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, students can
 understand different Modulation techniques, design of digital
communication systems based on these modulation techniques in real
time
 be able to use source coding techniques and channel coding techniques in
communications systems and Design Different error control Codes
 To design basic digital communication systems for applications in real
time.
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO1 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 1
CO2 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 1
CO3 3 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 3 3 1
ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES::RAJAMPET
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)
B. Tech. III Year I Semester
(7G352) CONTROL SYSTEMS
Course Objectives:
The course aims to provide the student with the ability
 To understand the basic concepts of systems and their stability
 To apply the knowledge to design an efficient compensator to meet
desired specifications.
Unit-I
INTRODUCTION & TRANSFER FUNCTION REPRESENTATION:
Concepts of Control Systems-Classification- Open Loop and closed loop
control systems and their differences-Examples- Feed-Back Characteristics,
Effects of feedback-Mathematical models. Transfer function, Block Diagram
representation - Block diagram algebra, Signal Flow graph and Mason‟s gain
formula.
Unit-II
TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS & STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S-
DOMAIN:
Types of test signals, Type and Order of systems, Time Response of first and
second order system, Time domain specifications- and– steady state error –
static error constants. .
Concepts of stability: Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion, Root Locus
Technique-Root locus concept - construction of root loci-effects of adding
poles and zeros to G(s) H(s) on the root loci.
Unit-III: STABILITY ANALYSIS IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN:
Introduction, Frequency domain specifications-Bode diagrams-Determination
of Frequency domain specifications from the Bode Diagram-Phase margin
and Gain margin-Stability Analysis from Bode Plots. Polar Plots, Nyquist
stability criterion–simple problems.
Unit-IV
DESIGN AND COMPENSATION OF CONTROL SYSTEMS
Introduction to Compensation networks – Lag, Lead, Lead-Lag controllers
Design in Frequency Domain–Effects of PI, PD & PID controllers.
Unit-V
STATE SPACE ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS Concepts of
state, state variables and state model-derivation of state model for physical
systems Diagonalization- State transition Matrix and its properties – Solution
of linear state equation – Concepts of controllability and observability.
Text Books:
1. I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, Control Systems Engineering, 2nd edition,
New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers.
 2. Xavier .S.P.Eugune, Joseph Cyril Babu, Principles of control systems,
S.Chand &Company.
Reference Books:
1. Katsuhiko Ogata, Modern Control Engineering, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall
of India Pvt. Ltd., 1998.
2. NISE, Control Systems Engg, 3rd Edition, John wiley.
3. Richard C. Dorf, Robert H. Bishop, Modern control systems, 11th edition,
Pearson education, 2007.
4. Graham Goodwin, Stefan Graebe and Mario Salgado, Control System
Design, prentice hall.
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, students will
 understand the basic principles of systems and their mathematical
representations
 Know the type and order of the systems and their time domain
specifications.
 Gain the knowledge on stability and analyze it using different techniques
 Design compensators and controllers for various systems
 Know the mathematical approach for determining the stability of the
control system, controllability and observability.
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO1 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 3
CO2 3 2 2 2 3 2
CO3 3 3 1 2 2 3 2
CO4 3 3 2 3 3
CO5 3 3 3 3 3 2
ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES::RAJAMPET
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)
B. Tech. III Year I Semester
(7G353)ANALOG & DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Course Objectives:
The course aims to provide the student with the ability
 To understand the basic concepts of Linear integrated circuits.
 To apply the knowledge to design Digital Integrated circuits.
 To learn the Hardware description language (VHDL) to design digital
circuits.
Unit-I
Operational amplifiers: Basic Information of Op-amp, Ideal op-amp,
Internal Circuit, Dc & AC Characteristics
Applications: Basic op-amp applications, Instrumentation amplifier, Ac
amplifier, V-I Converter and I-V Converter, Log & Anti Log amplifier,
Multiplier and Divider, Differentiator and Integrator. Comparator and
applications, Astable & Monostable multivibrator, Triangular wave generator,
RC active filters Introduction to Voltage Regulators, Features of 723
Regulator, and Three Terminal Voltage Regulators.
Unit-II
IC 555 Timer: Fundamental Block diagram, Monostable, Astable operation
& Schmitt Trigger
PLL: Basic Principe and Operation of individual Blocks, Monolithic PLL,
PLL applications.
D-A and A-D Converters: Basic DAC techniques, Different types of DACs-
Weighted resistor DAC, R-2R ladder DAC, Inverted R-2R DAC, Different
Types of ADCs - Parallel Comparator Type ADC, Counter Type ADC,
Successive Approximation ADC and Dual Slope ADC,
Unit-III
CMOS Logic, CMOS steady State Electrical behavior, CMOS Dynamic
Electrical Behavior, CMOS Logic families, Bipolar Logic, TTL logic, TTL
families, ECL.
VHDL Hardware Description Logic: Design Flow, Program simulators,
Types & constraints, Functions and Procedures, Libraries or Packages,
Structural design, Elements, Dataflow design elements, Behavioral Logic
elements, Time Dimension & simulation, Synthesis.
Unit-IV
Combinational Circuits & IC‟S: Decoders, Encoders, Three state Devices,
Multiplexers, EX-OR gates, Parity Circuits, Comparators, adders, Subtractors,
ALUs and Combinational Multiplexers, VHDL programs.
Unit-V
Sequential circuits & IC‟S: Latches and Flip Flops: Counters, Shift Registers,
Design Methodology, Impediments to synchronous Design, VHDL programs
Text Books:
1. Ramakanth A. Gayakwad - Op-Amps & Linear ICs, 3rd edition, PHI,
2001.
2. D. Roy Chowdhury - Linear Integrated Circuits , New Age International
(p) Ltd, 4th Edition, 2010.
3. John F. Wakerly- Digital Design Principles & Practices, PHI/ Pearson
Education Asia, 3rd Ed., 2005
4. J.Bhaskar-VHDL primer, PHI/ Pearson Education Asia, 3rd Ed., 2003.
Reference Books:
1. David A. Bell - Operational Amplifiers & Linear ICs, 2nd edition, Oxford
University Press, 2010.
2. Charles H. Roth Jr- Digital System Design Using VHDL, PWS
Publications, 2nd edition, 2008.
3. Kenneth L Short – VHDL for Engineers, Pearson Education 2009.
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, students will
 Understand the basic principles of analog integrated circuits.
 Be able to design combinational and sequential circuits using
programming language.
 Be able to design combinational and sequential circuits using ICs.
PO1 PO2 PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO 11 PO12 PSO1 PSO PSO3
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2

CO1 3 3 3 3 3 3

CO2 3 3 3 3
CO3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES::RAJAMPET
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)
B. Tech. III Year II Semester
(7G354)ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
Course Objectives:
The course aims to provide the student with the ability
 To know the instrument usage for a particular application.
 To understand the internal structure of all instruments that are used in
measuring parameters related to electronic based systems.
Unit- I
MEASUREMENT ERRORS AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Errors in Measurement, Accuracy, Precision, Resolution. Basics of statistical
analysis, D‟Arsonval galvanometer, PMMC mechanism. DC Ammeter. DC
voltmeter. Series Ohmmeter, shunt Ohmmeter. Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter.
Digital voltmeters (DVMs): Ramp type & dual slope integrator, Digital
Multimeter.
Unit-II
SIGNAL GENERATORS & ANALYZERS Audio frequency signal
generation, the Sine-wave generator, frequency-Synthesized signal generator,
frequency divider generator, signal generator modulation, Sweep frequency
generator, pulse and square wave generators. Function generator. Wave
analyzers, Harmonic distortion analyzers, Spectrum Analyzers. Simple
Frequency counter.
Unit-III
OSCILLOSCOPES Oscilloscope block diagram, Cathode Ray Tube,
deflection amplifiers, waveform display, oscilloscope time base, dual trace
oscilloscope, and oscilloscope controls. Measurement of voltage, frequency
and phase. Pulse measurements, oscilloscope probes, display of device
characteristics, X-Y and Z displays, oscilloscope specifications and
performance. Delayed-Time-Base oscilloscopes, Analog storage oscilloscope,
Sampling oscilloscopes, digital storage oscilloscopes, DSO applications.
Unit-IV
BRIDGES Wheatstone bridge guarded Wheatstone bridge, Kelvin Bridge,
AC bridges and their application, Maxwell‟s bridge, Hays Bridge. Schering
Bridge. Wein Bridge. Q-meter.
Unit-V
TRANSDUCERS Classification of transducers, selecting a transducer, strain
gauges, displacement transducers. Temperature Measurements. Data
Acquisition System, strip chart recorders and X-Y recorder.
Text Books:
1. Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements, second edition – David A.
Bell, Eastern Economy Edition, PHI.
2. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques – A.D.
Helfrick and W.D. Cooper, PEARSON Education.
References Books
1. Electronic instrumentation, second edition - H.S.Kalsi, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2004.
2. A Course in electrical and electronic measurements and instrumentation-
A.K.Sawhney., DhanpatRai & Co publishers.
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, student can
 Understand the principles of measurements with different basic meters
and calculate all the parameters related to measurements.
 Understand about different types of signal generators and Signal
analyzers.
 Understand the basic features of oscilloscope and its internal structure
and different types.
 Design different types of bridges for signal conditioning purpose.
 Understand about different types of transducers and advancements in
Instrumentation.
Course PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
CO2 3 3 3 3
CO3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
CO4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
CO5 3 3 3 3
ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES::RAJAMPET
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)
B. Tech. III Year I Semester
(7G355) ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION
Course Objectives:
The course aims to provide the student with the ability
 To understand the concepts of Antennas and their family
 To analyze and design different antennas for various applications.
 To understand Concepts of Various Wave Propagation methods
Unit-I
INTRODUCTION: Introduction, Basic Antenna Parameters ,Patterns, Beam
Area, Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity and Gain, Directivity
and Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Effective Height, Fields from Oscillating
dipole, Antenna Field Zones.
Radiation from Small Electric Dipole, Quarter wave Monopole and Half wave
Dipole – Current Distributions, Evaluation of Field Components, Antenna
Theorems – Reciprocity Theorem.

Unit-II
ANTENNA ARRAYS : Point Source , Power Patterns, Field Patterns, Phase
Patterns , Arrays of two isotropic point sources-Different cases, Non-isotropic
point Sources, Principle of Pattern Multiplication , N element Uniform Linear
Arrays – Broadside, End fire Arrays, EFA with Increased Directivity,
Binomial Arrays, Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Folded Dipoles & their
characteristics, Yagi - Uda Arrays.
Unit-III
ANTENNAS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS : Helical Antennas:
Helical Geometry, Helix modes, Horn Antennas – Introduction, Optimum
Horns, Rectangular Horn antenna, Reflector Antennas: Flat Sheet and Corner
Reflectors. Paraboloidal Reflectors – Geometry, characteristics, Spill Over,
Back Lobes, Aperture Blocking, Cassegrain Feeds, Lens Antennas –
Geometry, Dielectric Lenses and Zoning.
Unit-IV
GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION : Introduction to wave propagation-
Definition and Broad Categorization, Classification of Electromagnetic waves
based on Modes of propagation, Different modes of Wave Propagation
Ground Wave Propagation–Introduction, Plane earth reflection, Space wave
and surface wave, Transition between surface and space wave, Tilt of Wave
front due to ground losses, Impact of Imperfect Earth, Reduction factor and
numerical Distance, Earth‟s Behavior at different frequencies, Electrical
Properties of earth, Curved earth reflection.

Unit-V
 SPACE WAVE PROPAGATION and SKY WAVE PROPAGATION
Introduction, Effect of imperfection of Earth, Effects due to - curvature of
earth, interference zone, Shadowing of hills and buildings, Absorption by
Atmospheric phenomena, Variation of field strength with Height, Super
refraction, Scattering Phenomena, Tropospheric propagation, Fading.
Structural details of Ionosphere, Wave propagation mechanism, Refraction
and reflection of Sky waves by Ionosphere, Ray path, Critical Frequency,
MUF, LUF, OF, Virtual Height and Skip Distance, Relation between MUF
and Skip distance, Impact of Solar activity, Multi hop propagation, Take-off
angle, Energy loss in Ionosphere and Sky wave signal strength.
Text Books:
1. John D. Kraus, Ronald J. Marhefka and Ahmad S Khan – “Antennas and
Wave Propagation” TMH, 4e, Special Indian Edition 2010.
2. E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain - Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating
Systems, PHI, 2nd ed., 2000
Reference Books:
1. K.D.Prasad - Antenna and wave propagation, Khanna Publications
2. Balanis- Antenna Theory
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, students can have
 Knowledge on different basic concepts related to antennas and different
antenna parameters mathematically
 An ability to design BSA, EFA etc... Antenna arrays. Parasitic arrays and
Yagi-Uda antenna.
 Ability to design and implement the utilization of Helical and VHF and
UHF antennas.
 An Ability to analyze the propagation of wave and different parameters
and Knowledge on all the layers of atmosphere and the nature of different
propagation mechanisms.
COs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - -
CO2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - 2
CO3 1 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - - 1
CO4 2 2 2 2 - 2 2 - - 2 - 2