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Definition-WPS Office

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18 views6 pages

Definition-WPS Office

Uploaded by

dilipy20022
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Definition:

An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an


information-processing paradigm this inspired
by the way biological nervous systems, such
as the brain, process information. The key
element of this paradigm is the novel structure
of the information processing system. It is
composed of a large number of highly
interconnected processing elements (neurons)
working in unison to solve specific problems.
ANNs, like people, learn by example. An ANN
is configured for a specific application, such
as pattern recognition or data classification,
through a learning process. Learning in
biological systems involves adjustments to the
synaptic connections that
exist between the neurons.

Introduction:
ANNS are used as a solution to various
problems; however, their successas an
intelligent pattern recognition methodology
has been most prominently advertised. The
most important, and attractive, feature of
ANNs is their capability of learning
(generalizing) from example (extracting
knowledge from data). ANNs can do this
without any pre-specified rules that define
intelligence or represent an expert’s
knowledge. This feature makes ANNs a very
popular choice for gene expression analysis
and sequencing. Due to their power and
flexibility,
ANNS have even been used as tools for
relevant variable selection, which can in turn
greatly increase the expert’s knowledge and
understanding of the problem.
A neural network is characterized by its
pattern of connections between the neurons
referred toas network architecture and its
method of determining the weights on the
connections called training or learning
algorithm. The weights are adjusted on the
basis of data. In other words,neural networks
learn from examples and exhibit some
capability for generalization beyond thetraining
data. This feature makes such computational
models very appealing in application domains
where one has little or incomplete
understanding of the problem to be solved, but
where training data is readily available. Neural
networks normally have great potential for
parallelism,since the computations of the
components are largely interdependent of
each other.Artificial neural networks are viable
computational models for a wide variety of
problems. Already, useful applications have
been designed, built, and commercialized for
various areas in engineering, business and
biology. These include pattern classification,
speech synthesis and recognition, adaptive
interfaces between human and complex
physical systems,function approximation,
image compression, associative memory,
clustering, forecasting andprediction,
combinatorial optimization, nonlinear system
modeling, and control. Although theymay have
been inspired by neuroscience, the majority of
the networks have close relevance or
counterparts to traditional statistical methods
such as non- parametricpattern
classifiers,clustering algorithm, no nlinear
filters, and statistical regression models

NEURAL NETWORKS

Artificial neural networks have emerged from


the studies of how brain performs. The human
brain consists of many millions of individual
processing elements, called neurons that are
highly interconnected. Information from the
outputs of the neurons, in the form of electric
pulses is received by the cell sat connections
called synapses. The synapses connect to the
cell inputs, or dendrites and the single output
pf the neuron appears at the axon. An electric
pulse is sent down the axon when the total
input stimuli for all of the dendrites exceed a
certain threshold.
Artificial neural networks are made up of
simplified individual models of the biological
neuron that are connected together to form a
network. Information is stored in the network
in the form of weights or different connections
strengths associated with synapses in the
artificial neuron models.Many different types
of neural networks are available and multi
layer neural networks are the most popular
which are extremely successful in pattern
reorganization problems. An artificial neuron
model is shown below. Each neuron input is
weighted by W. changing the weights of an
element will alter the behavior of the whole
network. The output y is obtained by summing
the weighted inputs to the neuron and passing
the result through a non-linear activation
function,f().Multi layer networks consists of an
input layer, a hidden layer are made up of no.
of nodes.Data flows through the network in
one direction only, from input to output; hence
this type of network is called a feed-forwarded
network.

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