CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This paper will briefly discuss several points such as background of the study, the

research question, the objective of the study, the significant of the study, scope of

the study, and the definition of key terms. An explanation of those points will be

described as follows.

1.1 Background of the Study

Education is a lifelong effort that should begin as early as possible.

Education is a program used by humans on Earth to acquire knowledge and skills.

Teaching, training, and research all contribute to the transmission of knowledge

from one generation to the next.

Education has become important in today's globalized world. Education is

essential for improving the standard of human resources who are dependable, able

to live a good life, and capable of carrying out progress.

According to Law Number 20 of 2003, Article 1 paragraph 1 concerning the

National Education System explains that: "Education is a conscious and planned

effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students

actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength, self-control,

personality intelligence, noble character, and skills needed by him in society,

nation and state". Thus, education becomes the most important thing for the life of

the community and the nation because having an advanced or high education can

prosper the nation. In particular, English language instruction is a crucial subject

1
that students must learn in school. The importance of English in this global and

digital era requires us to be able to speak English in order to be able to compete in

the world of education with other developed countries.

According to Djamarah (2002:143) " revealed that there are two factors that affect

learning outcomes, namely internal and external. Internal factors include,

physiology (physical and sensory) and psychological (interests, intelligence,

talents, motivation, and cognitive abilities student). While external factors

includes the environment (natural and social environment culture) and

instrumental (curriculum, program or teaching materials, facilities and facilities as

well as teachers) "

Language is a communication tool that is used all over the world. The

importance of a language cannot be denied, especially learning a foreign language

gives us added value in the eyes of the world.

The Indonesian government designated English as the first foreign

language spoken in Indonesia. English has become a worldwide language, with

many countries using it as a second language; therefore, English is extremely

essential, particularly in the field of education. As a result, English classes are one

of the most important subjects in a structured setting like school. Because English

is one of the disciplines required to be determined in the National Examination.

Teachers have a crucial role in teaching English.. The first and foremost

thing teachers should do is help students overcome their fear of the English

language. In addition, an English teacher must be a counselor, motivator,

communication skills, trainer, etc. This is in accordance with the statement by

2
(Illic 1999:141 as cited in Tari 2020) In interactive teaching, teachers must be

designers, programmers, diagnosticians, researchers, organizers, managers,

innovators, educators, and consultants in addition to their educational and

occupational tasks. Knowledge of the latest technology, language, teaching

methods and approaches is also needed by a teacher.

Teachers have a pivotal role in the educational process, contributing significantly

to students' academic success. A teacher has a lot of variables that they need to be

accountable for. They include teachers' subject knowledge, teaching skills,

classroom attitude, teacher qualifications, and teaching experiences. All of these

teachers' variables influence their students' academic progress.

In this case, the teacher's performance in teaching English is very

important in supporting learning. Teacher performance is the ability of teachers to

teach learning materials with the aim of achieving effective and efficient learning

objectives. High or low teacher performance can be seen from how good the

quality of student learning outcomes is called student achievement.

Globalization has led to the development of many learning models, particularly in

English education. According to Steckel (2009) and Kerry Elliot (2015), peer and

leader coaching and mentoring play a significant impact in improving teacher

performance. Additionally, teachers might improve their effectiveness by

implementing creative learning models and methods. The management of the

learning process in the classroom is influenced by the performance of the teacher.

3
 Perception is the ability to understand, assess and interpret

something obtained through sensory information by the body's senses. Tynjala

(1997) states that, perception is something more than just observation, thinking,

and also more than just awareness of something through the senses.

The initial phase of human contact with the surrounding world is

perception. Perception is a subjective way of processing how an object should be

judged by humans. In general, Perception is the perspective or analysis of how

someone else sees or comprehends something.

Perception is important since the perception of a person behaving against another

entity or person is not the same. In general, students typically assess their school

teachers in areas such as the knowledge of the subject matter of the teachers, the

ability to interact, the choice of the acceptable teaching method and the general

management skills of the classroom. The impressions of teacher performance by

students have continued to be among the most relevant indicators to determine the

effectiveness of teaching.

Related to the explanation above the researcher will investigate student

perceptions of English teachers' teaching performance.

1.2 Research Question

Based on the background of the study described above, the problem

formulations in this study are: ‘What are the students’ perception on English

teachers’ performance in teaching English at Mts Unggulan Al-Ma’arif?’

4
1.3 Objective of the Study

The above research question is supposed to be answered by the investigator. After

understanding the research question above, the objective of this study is to find

out the students’ perception on English teachers’ performance in teaching English

at MTS Unggulan Al-Ma’arif.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The result of this research is expected to give beneficial information for educator

especially English teacher in applying the way to teach the student in a class.

1. Theoretical:
Providing a scientific study of psychology education for teachers or

individuals. This research can be used as a source of support for those studying

education. As a result, this research will presumably provide useful information

regarding the students' perspectives.

2. Practical:

a. From the research result, it is hoped that the teacher can knows the

characteristics of good models of teaching English. As a result, the

teacher can serve as a motivator for learners to attend class and

participate in learning activities.

b. This research can be a reference for future researchers who want to the

same topic of research about students’ perception on English teachers’

performance.

5
1.5 Scope of the Study

In this study, the researcher will focus on the performance of English teacher in

SMA Negeri 4 Baubau. The performance standards include instructional

preparation, delivery, assessment, the learning environment, professionalism, and

student progress.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms

Understanding the key terms helps readers and other researchers better

understand this research.

1. Perception

Perception is defined as an individual's assessment of an object, human or

situation that is positive and negative. (Atkinson & Hilgard, 1987). While Thoha

(1986), argues that perception is a cognitive process where each person

understands information about their environment, either through sight, hearing,

feeling, or other senses. According to some of the definitions above, perception is

a mental process that individuals use in their efforts to learn something, which

includes capturing a sensory stimulus from an item in order to grasp and

comprehend the stimulus. Perception is a process that occurs in individuals when

they receive an input from their environment.

2. Teacher Performance

Teaching performance is the ability of teachers to effectively carry out their

responsibilities and duties during the learning process. The definition of teacher

performance is an assessment of a teacher's performance, which provides a

6
performance rating. Teacher performance assessments seek to identify teachers'

capacity and expertise in carrying out their professional responsibilities. It is the

assessment of a teacher's performance, which includes planning, implementing,

and assessing learning activities, as well as interacting with students. Teacher

performance is intimately tied to the teacher's capacity to manage teaching and

learning processes successfully, including lesson planning, implementation, and

evaluation, as well as building interpersonal relationships with students.

3. English Teacher

An English teacher is a professional who specializes in teaching the English

language, including reading, writing, and speaking. They are in charge of

organizing, administering, and assessing learning activities that help students

improve their English language skills.

7
 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

In this piece, the researcher would like to review some theories in which

related to the highlighted topic of the study, such us:

2.1. Language learning

2.1.1. The Nature of Language Learning

Learning is a complex process of discovery, collaboration, and inquiry facilitated

by language. Consisting of a system of interrelated and rule-regulated symbols,

language is a unique social and human means of representing, exploring, and

communicating meaning.

Brown (1980:7) asserts the first definition of learning as showing or helping

someone to learn something. Including activities to give instructions and guide the

study of something. Learning is not only about guidance and instruction, but also

the existence of knowledge served by the instructor or guide. Therefore, the

person who guides and instructs knows and understands. Teachers guide students

so that students can understand better. Language serves as the primary means of

communication and thought. Every student is capable of academic success.

Students, parents, teachers, and the community all share the responsibility for

language learning. Opportunities for language learning begin at home and grow as

children move to larger communities. The school creates an environment in which

students can continue to acquire language knowledge, abilities, and strategies for

achieving personal, social, and academic objectives. All teachers share

responsibilities for language development. As an example, subject teachers teach

8
each subject's language and specialized forms. Language arts teachers, on the

other hand, play a unique role due to their emphasis on language, its form, and

function. They assist students in developing and implementing techniques for

understanding, structuring, and responding to a wide range of situation. English

has been regarded as the first worldwide lingua franca. In today's world, English

has become an integral aspect of every existent field. It has evolved into an

international language for communication, business, science, information

technology, and entertainment.

In relation to the learning process, English is included in the subjects in every

school. For example, English is a foreign language that has long been required in

Indonesian secondary schools, including junior and senior high schools. Since

1996, English has been a local content topic in elementary schools (SD).

Gardner, as quoted by Williams and Bueden (1997:115) claimed that language is a

subject taught in the classroom that involves the acquisition of skills and

behavioral patterns from others in society.

2.2. Teaching Performance

2.2.1. Definition of Teaching Performance

Teaching performance is often defined as the evaluation and assessment of a

teacher's efficacy in the classroom. It frequently involves components such as

lesson design, classroom management, student engagement, instruction delivery,

assessment of student learning, and overall impact on student achievement and

results. This evaluation can be conducted using a variety of ways, including

9
observations, student assessments, peer reviews, and self-assessment. It tries to

assess how well a teacher meets educational objectives and creates a positive

learning environment for students. Because the mind and heart are inextricably

linked, focusing on the intellectual aspects of education does not imply ignoring

the moral aspects. When moral and intellectual components are mixed, teaching

becomes more challenging. To make wise decisions, teachers must employ the

learning concepts outlined above. Teachers must study what students already

know in order to help them demonstrate previous understanding of new

information. They need it to figure out how to set up their classrooms as learning

communities in which learners work together to help each other learn new things.

Teaching as Shared Work: It's critical to give students meaningful

opportunities to engage with the teacher and each other with the material being

taught once we start to consider classrooms as communities of learners. Students

can have a significant impact on other students' thinking and comprehension in the

classroom by asking insightful questions and offering explanations and ideas

through these kinds of interactions (Penelope L., 2006: 4).

Teacher performance influences student progress and their achievement of

educational goals through school-based initiatives. The school's vision, mission,

and goals serve as a statement of the purpose of education there. The organization

and atmosphere that foster the realization of the school's vision also contribute to

the accomplishment of the mission and vision. It is crucial to remember that

students have opinions about the teachers they are taught by, regardless of

whether these opinions are reviewed by school organizations or, more commonly,

10
principals. Thus, from this angle, it is also possible to influence the classroom,

motivate students, and raise their level of education. Every student has a different

perspective on their teacher.

Teachers play a big role important in achieving learning outcomes. One of

the teacher's efforts in teaching and learning process is style teach. According to

Winkel (1996:202) "The key to the success of the teacher is not so" lies in

mastering skills as much didactic as possible, but more in the ability to use skills

possessed, in accordance with class situation and condition and style teach the

teacher himself so that get good learning results".

In short, teaching performance involves collaborative efforts by teachers and

students to establish a comfortable learning environment and build relationships

between them.

2.2.2. Performance Standard of Teaching

Stronge (2010) suggested six performance requirements for teachers that often

address different facets of a teacher's duties and efficacy in the classroom. refer to

the major duties performed. While the details may differ, some common themes

include:

1. Content Knowledge and Pedagogy: Showing competence in the subject

matter being taught and employing good teaching practices to help

students learn.

11
 2. Classroom Environment: Establishing a good and inclusive learning

environment that promotes student involvement, participation, and

behavior control.

3. Instructional Delivery: Providing education that is clear, engaging, and

targeted to students' different requirements, while also encouraging critical

thinking and problem-solving abilities.

4. Assessment of Student Learning: Designing and implementing

assessments to measure student progress, providing feedback to students,

and using data to inform instructional decisions.

5. Professional Responsibilities: Fulfilling professional duties such as

professional development, collaboration with colleagues, communication

with parents, and adherence to ethical and legal standards.

6. Professional Growth and Reflection: Engaging in ongoing reflection on

teaching practices, seeking opportunities for professional development,

and continuously improving as an educator.

Teachers can improve student learning outcomes by using these performance

criteria as an orientation to improve their own teaching practices.

2.2.3. Teaching Development

Teacher performance assessments are typically used for two purposes: making

judgments about teacher performance and providing helpful information for

improving teacher teaching practices. The main factor here is the criteria's

12
acceptability for evaluation. Peer and self-evaluation are frequently used to

improve teaching skills.

2.3. English Teaching

2.3.1. Definition of English Teaching

Teaching English involves educating students on the English language,

including reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. English teaching can

take place in a variety of settings, including schools, language institutes, colleges,

and online platforms. English teachers help students develop grammar,

vocabulary, pronunciation, and comprehension skills so that they can

communicate effectively in English.

Creating lesson plans, choosing relevant teaching resources, getting

students involved in activities that encourage language acquisition, giving

feedback on language use, and evaluating students' language ability are all

common components of teaching English. To meet the requirements and

preferences of students with varying learning styles, teachers might employ a

variety of teaching strategies, such as lectures, group projects, conversations,

multimedia materials, and technological tools.

Additionally, English teachers play a crucial role in fostering a supportive

and inclusive learning environment where students feel motivated to improve their

language skills and are encouraged to communicate effectively. Continuous

professional development, staying updated with language teaching methodologies

and resources, and adapting to the needs of a changing student population are

essential components of effective English teaching.

13
 2.3.2. English Teacher and Their Roles

The role of the teacher goes far beyond providing information with the

teacher having a variety of key roles to play in the educational process. Some

teachers have only one role, and sometimes multiple teachers have multiple roles.

However, all roles need to be represented in an institution or teaching organization

(school) especially in the classroom while they are teaching. In addition, there are

several roles of teachers to create a conducive teaching and learning process and

create interactive classes which are concluded by Brown and Harmer (2007: 108).

His theories can be relevant to this research because he classifies the teacher's role

in detail so that it will make it easier for researchers to conduct research. After

combining their theories, they can be summarized as follows:

1. Teachers as Controller: They oversee the whole class and activities that

take place and often 'lead from the front', give instructions to students,

organize exercises, read aloud.

2. Teacher as Prompter: Teacher encourages students to participate and

makes suggestions on how students can proceed in an activity. Teachers

should help students only when needed.

3. The teacher as resource person: At this stage, the teacher can be one the

most important resources in the teaching and learning process. He can

provide all the information needed by students. In other words, a source of

information that students can rely on when they face difficulties in

learning.

14
4. During the teaching and learning process, the instructor might mix the

responsibilities of source and trigger in their function as a tutor. Here,

tutors work one-on-one or in small groups with students who are enrolled

in a demanding course of study.

5. Teacher as Assessor: Provide feedback to students on their performance

and assess them in different ways.

6. In the role of an evaluator, the teacher gives a judgment on the level of

performance of the students. Teachers also have a lot on their plates,

including grading pupils, offering feedback, extending success or failure,

addressing issue topics, concentrating on language proficiency, and

keeping track of mistakes to address learning challenges.

7. Teacher as Corrector: Provide corrections to students on their linguistic

errors while assessing their language learning competence. so, from this,

the teacher can improve or correct the mistakes made by students while

studying.

8. Teacher as Observer: Observe student performance to offer individual or

group feedback.

9. Teacher as director: teacher is like a conductor in a drama who keeps the

teaching and learning process efficient. so all learning activities in the

classroom must be controlled by the teacher so that the learning process

remains efficient.

15
2.4. Perception

2.4.1. The Definition of Perception

Perception in psychology, philosophy, and cognitive science refers to the

comprehension of sensory information. In biology, perception is defined as the

mental interpretation of physical experiences induced by external stimuli. The

phrase "mental interpretation" refers to the creation of an internal representation

of the surrounding environment.

According to Walgito (2003), perception is preceded by a sensing process, which

is the process by which an individual receives a stimulus through his or her

senses, also known as a sensory process. Perception is a subjective process that

determines how humans evaluate objects.

According to Alisuf (1993), perception is the view or understanding of

how someone views or interprets something. Perception is important because a

person's view of behavior towards an object or another individual is not the same.

In learning activities.

According to a few of the definitions given above, perception is the mental

process through which people recognize something, including processing an

external stimulus that is captured in an item in order to comprehend and

comprehend the stimulus. An individual's perception is a dynamic that happens in

response to stimuli from his surroundings. Every student has a different

perspective on what they learn in school, whether it is in a certain subject or not

(Winkel, 1996). Anything that is beneficial to him will provide an evaluation of

all associated factors. Conversely, students who consider it all to be pointless

16
would make a poor assessment.Slameto (2010:102) defines perception as "the

process by which messages or information enter the human brain."

According to Shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in (2009), perception is defined as the

"process by which people translate sensory impressions into a coherent and

unified view of the world around them." Although perception is "the reality" and

influences human behavior generally, it is inevitably founded on partial and

unconfirmed (or untrustworthy) information. According to Slameto (2003: 49–50)

citing Musdahariah (2017: 8), there are a number of variables that influence

perception, including:

1. Attention is the focus of all individual action directed toward the teacher.

2. Needs imply that a person's knowledge of something will change at any

time, even if they are settled.

3. Value System: A culture's prevailing value system shapes people's

perceptions.

4. Personality qualities Personality traits such as ignorance, hubris, and

sensitivity to objects and their surroundings contribute to different

perspectives.

According to Ali (2010:45) “Perception is concerned with use of senses in doing

activity". According to Walgito (2004:87) " Perception is the process by which an

individual receives stimuli through their senses, often known as the sensory

process. According to Thoha (2009:141-142), "perception" is a cognitive process

by which everyone inside interprets information about the surroundings, such as

sight, hearing, perception, feeling, and smell". According to a few of the

17
definitions given above, perception is the mental process through which people

recognize something, including processing an external stimulus that is captured in

an item in order to comprehend and comprehend the stimulus. Perception is a

dynamic process in which an individual responds to stimuli in his surroundings.

Every student has a different perspective on what they learn in school, whether it

is in a certain subject or not (Winkel, 1996). Anything that is beneficial to him

will provide an evaluation of all associated factors. Conversely, pupils who

consider it all to be pointless would make a poor assessment. "Perception is a

process that involves entry of messages or information into human brain," states

Slameto (2010:102).

"Perception is concerned with using senses in doing activity," claims Ali

(2010:45). According to Walgito (2004:87), "perception is the process of

receiving" stimulus by an individual through the senses, also known as the

sensory process. Thoha (2009:141–142) states that "perception" is a cognitive

process that all people go through in order to comprehend information about their

surroundings, including sight, hearing, perception, sensation, and scent.

2.4.2. The Aspect of Students’ Perception

According to Musdahariah (2017:9), a student's perception involves their

understanding of a teacher's personality, attitudes, emotions, experiences, and

expectations, as well as their assessment of the teacher's competency.

18
2.5. Previous Study

In this topic, the researcher wants to discuss previous research related to

Teachers’ performance in teaching.

1. Study from Aminah (2018) discovered that teachers encounter challenges

when integrating technology into their instruction when teaching English

as a foreign language. In the paper the main challenge is that inadequate

networking and ability are insufficient for incorporating technology into

the classroom. As a result, the study highlights the significance of using

technology in the learning process, particularly when educational activities

use technology and internet access with the goal of making it easier to

organize knowledge and a variety of materials, such as foreign languages.

ahead of time to start working.

2. Nasir (2018) states in his paper "Implementing Strategies-Based

Instruction) in Speaking Skills" that "this project's strategic approach to

speaking skills aims to enhance students' learning opportunities."

Students were encouraged to work together with the host family in order to

gain experience in tutoring, and after completing their project, they were

required to study and improve their language skills before beginning their

studies.

3. Underwood and Wallace's (2012) in his study, investigated the

comprehension and productive improvement of reduced forms.

4. such as wanna and whadaya. It also demonstrated how teaching students

about reducing words in English learning has a direct impact on their

19
 ability to understand the words because the teacher can provide a

classification of the words and help them become easier to learn and

retain.

The preceding connected study findings, which are the outcome of the analysis

studies mentioned above, identify commonalities in the studies that concentrate on

using teaching performance to enhance English proficiency. Nasir and Aminah's

study makes use of the same element instruction in teaching performance.

However, there are few differences in their works; he uses research on

performance-based instruction in teaching, whereas she uses research on

technology-assisted teaching performance in teacher education.

On the other hand, there are parallels between the research models of Mostafa

Taghizadeh Langari, Paul Underwood, and Matthew Wallace that focus on the

impact of using an instructional style with the purpose of increasing English

proficiency. According to researcher analysis, Paul and Matthew are more than

willing to gather information about using a learning model as long as the learning

process, and Mostafa shows a type of research to recite how far teacher burnout

affects students, with the result that is able to stimulate their motivation in

learning English. Thus, the issue of the teaching style's replies to students'

accomplishments and how to improve their English proficiency is ultimately

resolved through the use of teaching performance.

20
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Design of the Study

This research will use descriptive qualitative as a research method. Using a

questionnaire, research methodology will apply to analyze in-depth descriptive

data about students' opinions of their speaking teachers' performance. Through the

results of student analysis by filling out questionnaires, research techniques are

apply in one class to investigate the uniqueness of the application of teacher

performance in teaching. To help teachers in their teaching activities, the

questionnaire will provide information that will be collected and scanned by

researchers.

3.2 Source of Data

The population of this study is the student of eleventh grade students of MTS

Unggulan Al-Ma’Arif in the academic year 2023/2024 of science students’ classes

and social students’ class. There were three classes: X, XI, and XII. Because the

students had prior learning experiences, Purposive sampling is employed by the

researcher to choose the sample.

3.3 Instrument of the Study

In this study the researcher will use a questionnaire as an instrument. The research

approach involved analyzing students' perceptions of teachers' performance in

teaching English using a questionnaire. The study's method is applied to a single

class to evaluate how the uniqueness of teacher performance on teaching English

21
is implemented through analysis of student results obtained through a

questionnaire. Therefore, researchers would organize and scan the information’s

was got by questionnaire that was the items were assisting teacher in teaching

activity.

3.4. Technique of Data Collection

1. Preparation

a. Preparing a questionnaire.

b. Determine the schedule for giving questionnaires to students through

appropriate student lecture schedules and comfortable classrooms to

complete the questionnaires.

2. Implementation

a. Students should indicate again that they are aware of the participants'

preparations and the designated classroom.

b. Provide instructions regarding research actions.

c. To make it easier for participants, provide guidelines on how to accurately

answer questions.

d. The researcher gives the students a questionnaire and then they answer the

questions.

The survey will translate into Bahasa Indonesia. This attempts to eliminate the

chance that various people will interpret the statement differently. As a result, the

statement's using Bahasa Indonesia can help the students comprehend and respond

to the question.

22
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis

Data analysis will be conducted when participants complete the

questionnaire. Data analysis includes three components: data reduction, data

display, and verification. Data reduction shows that identifying and selecting

items has both positive and bad implications on teaching performance in the

classroom. The data display was done to determine the relationships between the

supporting pieces, which were concluded in reduction data. The data collection

method in this research uses a scale. A scale is a number of written questions that

are used to reveal a psychological construct or concept that describes aspects of an

individual's personality (Azwar, 2007).

Lastly, the process of establishing study conclusions and then searching

supporting items for evidence is known as data verification.

23