Controlled Document

Project Facilities Design

Project Origin Module Discipline Doc Type Doc No. Sheet No. Rev No.

Document Number:
1000 S 90 30 S 4031 00 04

Title:

SPECIFICATION
FOR
INSTRUMENTATION and CONTROLS

Custodian SEIC Instrument Technical Authority (TA/2)

P Preliminary – For Comment/Information
Issue Purpose AFD Approved for Design
AFC Approved for Construction
T TEOC Approval Document

Originator: Name (Company) Signature

Rev Issue
Purpose Description Checked by: Name (Company) Signature Date

Approved by: Name (Company) Signature

P1 P Issued for Comments

01 AFD Issued for Design

And TEOC

02 AFD Revised Issue for

Design

03 AFD Revised Issue for

Design
04 AFD Revised Issue for
Design

This document contains proprietary information and is intended for use by Sakhalin Energy Investment Company, Ltd.
(SEIC) authorised personnel or companies only. The copyright of this document is vested in SEIC. All rights reserved.
The contents of this controlled document shall not be altered without formal approval of the document Custodian.
 SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS Rev 04

REVISION CHANGE DETAILS

Rev Location of Change Brief Description of Change

This document was originally issued as AMEC document

P1 Re-issued as an SEIC Document number
3400-T-90-30-S-4007-00

Incorporates Clients & Parsons comments. Now covers

01 Various
Offshore and Onshore facilities.

Various references to Rotating Equipment Monitoring and

Data Acquisition System added (Clauses 1.2, 1.3, 4, 7 and
7.1).
Reference to Enviromental and External Loads data sheets
02 Pages 7, 8, 13, 16, 39, 40, 46, 51 and 56 added (Clause 2.8).
Latest IEC standards for Electromagnetic Compatibility
added (clause 2.13)
Inst/Elec cable minimum segregarion 500 mm (Clause 13.1).
List of standard drawings added (Appendix A).

LNG scope clarification, Intools deliverables revision.

Pages 6, 16, 17,23, 64 65 I/S earth reference deleted, covered in referenced spec.
03 Environmental Spec. numbers deleted. General reference .
Reference to Metering Strategy inserted.
SEIC Drawing Numbers Allocated
Alignment with BOD standards.
04 Page 20 Section 2.1.2 – Swagelok inserted as standard supplier.
Instrument tubing material aligned with BOD 6.0

Document No. 1000-S-90-30-S-4031-00-04 Page 2 of 68

 SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS Rev 04

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 6
1.1 General ............................................................................................................ 6
1.2 Abbreviations ................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Control Philosophy ........................................................................................... 9
1.4 Definitions ........................................................................................................ 9
1.4.1 Instrumented Protective Function (IPF) ............................................................ 9
1.4.2 Instrumented Protective System (IPS) .............................................................. 9
1.4.3 Instrumented Protective Function Class ........................................................... 9
1.4.4 Executive Action ..............................................................................................11
1.4.5 Failure to safety ...............................................................................................11
1.4.6 Safety Integrity Level (SIL) ..............................................................................11
1.5 References ......................................................................................................11
2. INSTRUMENTATION ............................................................................................... 12
2.1 General ...........................................................................................................12
2.2 Fieldbus ..........................................................................................................13
2.3 Supplies ..........................................................................................................13
2.4 Electrical Connections .....................................................................................13
2.5 Earthing ...........................................................................................................13
2.6 Units & Scales .................................................................................................14
2.6.1 Units of Measurement .....................................................................................14
2.6.2 Scales .............................................................................................................14
2.7 Hazardous Area Certification ...........................................................................15
2.8 Ambient Conditions .........................................................................................15
2.9 Environmental Protection ................................................................................15
2.10 Materials and Certification ...............................................................................16
2.10.1 Materials .......................................................................................................16
2.10.2 Process Medium Interface .............................................................................16
2.10.3 Material Certification......................................................................................16
2.11 Tagging and Instrument Nameplates ...............................................................16
2.12 Impulse Lines and Air Lines - Tube, Fittings & Accessories ...........................17
2.13 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ..............................................................18
2.13.1 Emissions ......................................................................................................18
2.13.2 Immunity .......................................................................................................18
3. REQUIREMENTS FOR FIELD INSTRUMENTS ...................................................... 19
3.1 Process Connections.......................................................................................19
3.2 Flow Measurement ..........................................................................................20
3.2.1 Orifice Plates ...................................................................................................20
3.2.2 Meter Proving Facilities ...................................................................................21
3.3 Pressure Measurement ...................................................................................21
3.4 Level Measurement .........................................................................................22
3.4.1 General ...........................................................................................................22
3.4.2 Level Transmitters ...........................................................................................22
3.4.3 Level Switches ................................................................................................24
3.4.4 Level Gauges ..................................................................................................24
3.4.5 Tank Gauging Systems for Product and Storage Tanks ..................................24
3.5 Temperature Measurement .............................................................................25
3.5.1 Thermowells ....................................................................................................25
3.5.2 Electronic Temperature Elements....................................................................25
3.5.3 Pneumatic Temperature Transmitters .............................................................26
3.5.4 Temperature Switches.....................................................................................26

Document No. 1000-S-90-30-S-4031-00-04 Page 3 of 68

 SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS Rev 04

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL
This document describes the minimum requirements for instrumentation & control systems
to be installed on the Sakhalin Phase II Project. Comprising of two new platforms PA-B,
Lun-A, an existing platform PA-A, sub-sea pipelines, Onshore Production Facility (OPF),
main onshore oil and gas pipelines, two oil booster stations, two gas compressor stations,
pipeline take-off connections and valves for future domestic gas supply near Boatasyn, Oil
Export Terminal (OET), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant and a marine Tanker Loading
Unit (TLU).

Note: LNG have their own minimum requirements Ref. 7000-S-61-37-S-0002 (General
Instrument Requirements)

The PA-B platform will produce oil and associated gas from the Piltun reservoir and will be
equipped with Process, Utilities, Living Quarters and full drilling capability. The Lun-A
platform will produce gas and condensate from the Lunskoye field and will be equipped
with first stage separation facilities, Utilities, Living Quarters and drilling capability.

Crude oil, gas and condensate will be delivered from the offshore platforms by pipelines to
the OPF. The gas from the OPF will be supplied to the LNG plant via a gas pipeline and
compressor stations. In the future gas will be tapped off the pipeline near Boatasyn for
domestic supplies. The oil from the OPF will be supplied to the OET via an oil pipeline and
oil booster stations where it will be stored and then pumped to tankers via the TLU.

Engineering will be in accordance with applicable Statutory Regulations, National and

International Codes and Standards.

Instrumentation and control requirements are defined on the Process and Utilities
Engineering Flow Sheets (PEFS & UEFS) specifically developed for the project.

The design shall ensure that all instruments and controls required for correct operation are
provided and shall ensure safe, reliable and convenient start-up, automatic operation and
controlled shutdown of the process and utility facilities.

Computer based design tools will be used on the project to produce instrumentation
documentation as follows:

INtools (typical) Instrument Index

Instrument Data sheets
I/O Schedules
Process Hook-Ups
Loop Diagrams
Termination Diagrams
Cable Schedules
MTOs

Reliability of all offshore instrumentation and control equipment to operate at all times is
essential. Only equipment for which the Supplier can demonstrate satisfactory experience
shall be supplied, prototype equipment will not be considered.

The design life of all instrumentation shall be 30 years minimum.

All instruments shall be given a unique tag number. Tag numbers will be allocated in
accordance with the Specification for Tag Numbering Instrument and Fire and Gas
Devices, 1000-S-90-37-S-4004-00. All instruments shall be identified and physically

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SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

Actuation Switching function.

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SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

Class III [SIL 1] PFD >10-2 to <10-1

Initiator Separate from control.
IPS PLC or solid state, (TÜV approved AK3).
Actuation Valve: Separate from control, unless demand on IPF cannot be
caused by a failure of the control valve and tight shut off is not
required.
Pump stop circuit: No special equipment.
Class IV [SIL 2] PFD >10-3 to <10-2
Initiator Separate from control.
IPS PLC or solid state, (TÜV approved AK4).
Actuation Valve: Separate from control, un-revealed failure robust (back-up may be a
control valve tripped by a solenoid, if tight shut off is not required).
Pump stop circuit: No special equipment.

Class V [SIL 3] PFD >10-4 to <10-3

Initiator Separate from control, un-revealed failure robust.
IPS PLC or solid state, (TÜV approved AK5).
Actuation Valve: Separate from control, un-revealed failure robust (back-up may be a
control valve tripped by a solenoid, if tight shut off is not required).
Pump stop circuit: No special equipment, un-revealed failure robust.

Class VI [SIL 3] PFD >10-4 to <10-3

Initiator Separate from control, un-revealed failure robust.
IPS Solid state, (TÜV approved AK6).
Actuation Valve: Separate from control, un-revealed failure robust, diverse (back-up
may be a control valve tripped by a solenoid, if tight shut off is not
required).
Pump stop circuit: No special equipment, un-revealed failure robust.

Class X [SIL 4] This classification should be avoided. Change to a safer design.

1.4.4 Executive Action
An executive action describes a physical control function performed by the ESD/F&G
Systems e.g. de-pressurisation, plant shutdown, electrical isolation etc.
1.4.5 Failure to safety
Failure to safety is the automatic reversion to the least hazardous condition upon ESD
System failure, signal failure or loss of actuator power.

1.4.6 Safety Integrity Level (SIL)

Safety Integrity Levels are as defined in IEC 61508.
For further details on SIL Levels refer to:
Platforms PA-B, Lun-A, Tanker Loading Unit TLU
3400-T-61-30-S-4033-00 - Safety System Philosophy
(PSD/ESD/F&G/HIPPS)
OPF and Booster No. 1.
6000-P-61-04-S-7001-1 - Emergency Shutdown and Emergency
Depressurisation Philosophy.
OET, Booster No. 2 and Gas Distribution
5600-Y-90-30-S-4015-00 - Control and Safety System Philosophy
1.5 References
Applicable Regulations, Codes and Standards are listed in Appendix B.

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SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

2. INSTRUMENTATION

2.1 GENERAL
All field and in-line instruments throughout the onshore and offshore facilities shall be
selected, according to service and process conditions, from the Suppliers on the Qualified
Vendors List.

The upper and lower pressure and temperature limits of the instrument pressure containing
parts shall meet at least the requirements of the piping class or the vessel design limits to
which it is connected.

In general all instruments will be of the electronic type, fully-floating in the field, powered
and earthed by the system to which they are connected.

Analogue measurements are preferred and shall use 4 - 20 mA signals with a nominal 24
Volts isolated dc power supply.

For process services the primary measurement shall be performed using an electronic
transmitter with the switching being carried out by the PCS or ESD system. Trip
settings shall be between 10% and 90% of the adjusted range.

Direct connected two-wire 4 to 20 mA dc signal format will be used for all shutdown and
critical control loops.

Transmitters in ESD service should have the same instrument range, adjusted range and
accuracy as the corresponding process transmitter in order to facilitate measurement
comparisons.

Transmitters in ESD and HIPPS service shall be identified with red nameplates.

Where speed of response is not critical, electronic transmitters shall be ‘SMART’ type with
Foundation Fieldbus capability, online diagnostics and a means of remote re-ranging. This
may take the form of either a special communication tool or a set of re-calibration software
and standard interface leads to enable the instrument to be re-calibrated in the field via an
IBM compatible PC, located in a safe area. A “Windows” based software package shall be
provided.

Electronic transmitters may be fitted with local output signal indicators where specified on
datasheets. For pressure services, where they are meant to replace local pressure
gauges, they should be configured to display in engineering units, to match the range of the
transmitter. For level services they should be configured to read from 0 - 100% linear and
for flow services they should be configured to read from 0 - 10 square root. If digital
displays are not available then analogue indicators shall be provided. Failure of the output
meter shall not cause failure of the measurement signal output to the control system.

All digital I/O signals shall be powered from the respective control system at 24 Volts dc.
Digital input signals connected to the PCS or ESD systems shall be via volt free contacts
powered by the PCS or ESD system.

ESD digital inputs shall be hardwired. Digital inputs used for monitoring purposes shall be
multiplexed in the field on a system to be agreed with the MAC Supplier.

Contacts shall be of noble metal, suitable for use in the low-power circuits typically found in
modern electronic control systems.

For purely local control loops (i.e. not requiring operator intervention at the CCR) pneumatic
devices may be considered.

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SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

The ICSS systems shall perform an orderly and safe shutdown (Unit Shutdown) of the
process and utility facilities if the instrument air system supply pressure falls below the
minimum pressure.
2.2 FIELDBUS
Transmitters and control valves used for simple regulatory control and monitoring loops will
use the internationally recognized Foundation Fieldbus format. For loops that require fast
response times, (e.g. compressor anti-surge loops) or process critical loops (SIL 1 and
above), the traditional 4-20 mA analogue signal transmission technique should be used.
Intelligent instruments will be used on condition that they provide the necessary speed of
response.
Where a loop is identified as being process critical the use of redundant configuration of
fieldbus devices shall be evaluated.

2.3 SUPPLIES
Instrument Electrical Power Supply:
PCS - 230 Volts 50 Hz UPS Dual Uninterruptible Power Supply
Hold up time after shutdown of all power generation - 1 hour.
ESD and F&G (including acting PCS window)- 230 Volts 50 Hz UPS Dual
Uninterruptible Power Supply
Hold up time after shutdown of all power generation - 3 hours.

Panel Lights and Heaters - 230 Volts 50 Hz Normal Supply

Solenoid Valves - 24 Volts dc
Derived from Instrument supplies within the system controlling the solenoid valve.

Hydraulic Power Unit - 230 Volts 50 Hz Normal Supply

+ 230 Volts 50 Hz Essential Services Supply
Hydraulic supply to - 160 – 207 barg
valves (not wellhead)

Instrument Air Supply Ranges : (As Specified on Data Sheets)

Minimum Pressure 3.5 barg to 4.2 barg
Operating Pressure: 7.0 barg to 8.5 barg
Design Pressure: 10.0 barg to13.0 barg
Dew Point @ Operating Pressure: –60 °C
2.4 ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
All electrical cable entries shall be M20 x 1.5 mm ISO (female) and connections shall be by
screw terminals.

Flying leads shall be avoided wherever possible. Equipment with flying leads shall be
provided with a separate junction box for termination of the leads, if not armoured, the flying
leads shall be protected by a flexible conduit.
2.5 EARTHING
Earthing shall be in accordance with Specification for Instrument Earthing, 1000-S-90-30-S-
4036-00.

Individual instruments housings and junction boxes will be earthed through the mechanical
mounting/fixing to plant steelwork. Cable glands shall form a good earth bond between the
cable armour, the instrument and/or junction box.

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SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

Screens will be cut back and insulated at the field device and will be connected to the
Instrument Earth at the panel/marshalling rack end.

Panels and marshalling cabinets shall be provided with a Safety Earth bar and an insulated
Instrument Earth bar.

Stainless steel cable tray will be insulated from supports to prevent electrolytic action
between dissimilar metals and earthed at suitable locations.

2.6 UNITS & SCALES

2.6.1 Units of Measurement

Are defined in project Specification 1000-S-90-01-S-0005-00.

Units of measurement shall be as follows:

Density kg/m3
Mass flow rate kg/h
Volumetric flow rate for liquids m3/h
Volumetric flow rate for gas Sm3/h at 15°C and 1.013 bara
Volumetric flow rate for air/N2 Nm3/h at 0°C and 1.013 bara
Molecular weight kg/kg mol
Pressure, gauge barg, mbarg, mm wg
absolute bara, mbara, mm wg
differential bar, mbar, mm wg
vacuum mbar
Temperature °C
Level %, m, mm
Viscosity dynamic cP = mPa.s
kinematic cSt

2.6.2 Scales
Scales should have the following graduations:
Variable Scales
Flow (differential pressure) 0-10 sq.rt
Flow (linear signal) 0-100 uniform
Level 0-100 uniform
Pressure Direct reading
Temperature Direct reading
Other variables Direct reading
Combination of flow Direct reading
(differential pressure and other variables.)

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SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

2.7 HAZARDOUS AREA CERTIFICATION

All field mounted Instrumentation should be certified to CENELEC standards as being
suitable for use in a Zone 1, Gas Group II B, Temperature Class T3 hazardous
environment.

The allowable methods of hazardous area protection for Zones 1 and 2 are listed below:
• flameproof, type EEx(d) or explosion proof (Preferred for Onshore)
• increased safety, type EEx(e) or equivalent
• intrinsic safety, types EEx(i)a and b, or equivalent (Preferred for Offshore)
• special protection, type EEx(s) or equivalent

Where the only means of protection for the application is EEx(i), galvanic isolator protection
devices shall be used.

Instrumentation equipment installed in areas classified as hazardous shall be selected and

installed in accordance with IEC 60079.

2.8 AMBIENT CONDITIONS

Instrumentation shall be able to withstand shock accelerations generated during transport
and the seismic generated accelerations and forces of a Seismic event.

Offshore equipment will additionally be subjected to moving ice induced vibration..

Process plant areas will be partially enclosed and heated to reduce the worst effects of
weather and wind chill. However situations will arise, for example at start-up, when the
outside ambient conditions will apply.

Instrumentation located in process plant areas shall be suitable for installation in ambient
conditions as specified on the Environmental Data Sheet.

All instrumentation shall be designed to survive a cold soak test at –40oC.

The Central Control Rooms and Equipment Rooms will be air-conditioned.

For further details refer to project specific environmental data sheets and external load data
sheets
2.9 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
All plant located instrumentation including junction boxes and local control panels shall be
weatherproof to IP 65 rated in accordance with IEC 60529. Cables entries to field junction
boxes and local panels shall be bottom entry.

Instruments impulse lines in external areas will be thermally insulated and where
appropriate electrically heat traced. Instruments located in external areas will be fitted
within heated enclosures.

Instruments, actuators, instrument housings, junction boxes, cable tray etc., shall be 316
stainless steel, Instrument enclosures shall be G.R.P. Aluminium materials are not
acceptable.

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SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

2.10 MATERIALS AND CERTIFICATION

2.10.1 Materials
Bodies of in-line instruments (e.g. control valves) shall be manufactured from materials
suitable for the service, as defined by the relevant piping specifications and piping material
classes or better. Bodies of other instruments (e.g. pressure transmitters, thermowells
etc.) and all wetted components shall be manufactured from 316 stainless steel or better if
it is required by the piping specifications, or the instrument Manufacturer's standard
material if this superior and has a higher corrosion resistance. e.g. Hastelloy, Monel, etc

Where piping or vessel specifications require compliance with NACE MR-01-75 (latest
edition) then the requirement shall be extended to instrumentation and components in
contact with the process fluid.
2.10.2 Process Medium Interface
“in-line” instruments that are mounted directly into process/utility lines or
vessels/equipment. Material certification is required. Typical examples of in-line
instruments are control valves, shut-off valves, vent/de-pressurising valves, relief valves,
vortex meters, thermowells, orifice/restriction plates, turbine flowmeters, level transmitters,
level switches, analyser sample probes etc.

“on-line” instruments that are in direct contact with the process medium, but are not an
integral part of the process/utility lines or vessels/equipment. Material certification is
required. Instruments are deemed to be not directly connected if they are connected via
small (max. 1” NB) piping spec., block valves and instrument impulse tubing. Typical
examples of off-line instruments are pressure gauges, pressure transmitters, D.P. type flow
transmitters, analyser sample system instruments (but not the sample probe) etc. Pressure
gauges that screw directly into small piping specification. multiple valve assemblies,
typically double block and bleed manifolds, shall also be deemed as “on-line” instruments.

“off-line” instruments that are not in direct contact with the process medium. Material
certification is not required. Typical examples of off-line instruments are resistance
temperature elements, bi-metal thermometers, signal converters and receiver
instrumentation and instrument air service.
2.10.3 Material Certification
Full material traceability and certification is required for “in-line” and “on-line”
instrumentation to the same standard as that specified for the line or vessel to which they
are connected. Material certification shall be provided for all pressure retaining parts to EN
10204 3.1B. If the application is for sour service then the materials shall additionally meet
the requirements of NACE MR-01-75 (latest edition). This shall include non-wetted parts
such as valve bonnet/body bolting, internal parts such as valve trims, relief valve springs,
etc., (which are pressure retaining when the valve is closed), blow-out proof stems etc.

Instrument impulse pipe, tube and fittings shall be subject to the same material certification
requirements as “in-line” instrumentation. In addition for sour service applications
hardness values shall meet the requirements of NACE MR-01-75 (latest edition), be
suitable for use with compression fittings.
2.11 TAGGING AND INSTRUMENT NAMEPLATES
All items of instrument equipment will be identified with a tag number. This number will be
shown on the PEFS and listed in the instrument index and respective instrument
requisition. The instrument tag number shall be shown on all relevant documents and
drawings.

All instruments, system cabinets, junction boxes etc. shall be provided with nameplates
showing either the full tag number and service description or just tag number. The type of
nameplates shall be as defined on Standard Drawing (see Appendix A).

Service descriptions shall be in dual language, English and Russian

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SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

Each individual field instrument shall have shall have a stainless steel tag engraved with
the full instrument tag number attached permanently either stainless steel rivets or with 0.7
mm stainless steel wire.

The location of all field instruments shall be identified by tag number and service
description on a laminated plastic nameplate fixed adjacent to the instrument. For
instruments on local panels, nameplates with the tag number and service description shall
be mounted on the panel face with the tag number repeated behind the panel. Labels for
ESD instrumentation (second letter in the tag number function identifier is Z) shall be Black
letters on a Red background. All other labels shall be Black letters on a White
background.
• Field-mounted instruments, local panel-mounted instruments and junction boxes
should have a nameplate type A;
• Panel-mounted ancillary equipment, such as switches, running lights, etc. should
have a nameplate type B;
• Panel-mounted instruments should have a nameplate type C mounted at the rear of
the panel adjacent to the instruments.

2.12 IMPULSE LINES AND AIR LINES - TUBE, FITTINGS & ACCESSORIES
For all general applications, tube shall be manufactured from 316L grade stainless steel.
Fittings and accessories, Instrument Valve Manifolds, Quick-Exhaust Valves etc. shall be
manufactured from 316 grade stainless steel. Instrument tubing should be procured in
straight lengths with ends sealed and not coiled. Threads on all pipe connection fittings
shall still be NPT. Tubing sizes and minimum wall thickness are as follows:
 Instrument Impulse Lines 12.0 mm O.D. x 2.0 mm Wall Thickness.
& Hydraulic Lines
 Instrument Air Lines to users 6.0 mm O.D. x 1.0 mm Wall Thickness.

All tube fittings shall be compression, twin-ferrule type to metric dimensions. A single fitting
supplier shall be used throughout the project. For all SEIC projects this supplier shall be
SWAGELOK

To prevent seizing of the pipe-threaded connections of male stud couplings, PTFE or other
suitable liquid or paste sealant, shall be applied prior to assembly.

For seawater applications, stainless steel is not suitable, materials should be as follows, or
equivalent :-
 Tubing Copper Alloy ASTM B706/UNS C69100 (“Tungum Alloy” or equal)
 Tubing fittings Monel 400
 Valves Copper alloy to EN CC492K with Monel trims ASTM/UNS N04400.

For marine exposed applications materials should be as follows, or equivalent :-

 Tubing, Copper Alloy ASTM B706/UNS C69100 (“Tungum Alloy” or equal)
 Tubing fittings 316 Stainless Steel
 Valves 316 Stainless Steel

For other corrosive (non-sea-water), applications where Copper Alloys and/or stainless
steel is not suitable, other materials, such as:-
Monel ASTM/UNS N04400,
Duplex ASTM/UNS S31803,
Hastelloy ASTM/UNS N10276
etc., should be selected using the relevant process piping standard as a guide to suitable
materials.

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SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

2.13 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)

All equipment or systems containing electrical or electronic apparatus shall satisfy the
following requirements of electromagnetic compatibility.
2.13.1 Emissions
Emissions performance shall be in accordance with IEC 61000-6-2 - Electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) – Part 6: Generic standards – Section 2: Immunity for industrial
environments.
2.13.2 Immunity
Immunity performance shall be in accordance with IEC 61000-6-4 - Electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) – Part 6: Generic standards – Section 4: Emission standard for
industrial environments.

Performance criterion A as applied to immunity of measuring instruments to radiated

interference is hereby defined as allowing a degradation in performance not exceeding +/-
0.1% of the output span with the instrument enclosures (covers) in place and not exceeding
+/- 0.5% of the output span with the instrument enclosures (covers) removed.

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SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR FIELD INSTRUMENTS

3.1 PROCESS CONNECTIONS

The process instrument connections shown in the table below shall be used.
Table 1
Description Primary Isolation Instrument Connection
Orifice taps ¾ inch branch, concentrically Mating flange with machined
reduced to ½ inch with ½ inch ½ inch NPT female connection
flange to appropriate piping class
isolation valve
Pressure 1 inch branch concentrically Mating flange with machined
reduced to ½ inch with ½ inch ½ inch NPT female connection.
flange to appropriate piping class
isolation valve.
2 inch double block & bleed Mating flange with machined
composite valve on H.P. services. ½ inch NPT female connection.
2 inch flange for transmitters with
flanged seals and capillaries
Level gauges 1½ inch branches on bridles, 1½ inch flanged
Magnetic piping class isolation valves
2 inch direct mounting on vessels, 2 inch flanged.
piping class isolation valves
Level gauges 1½ inch branches, ¾ inch flanged
Glass concentrically reduced to ¾ inch
with ¾ inch flanges piping class
isolation valves
Level 2 inch flanged valve to appropriate 2 inch flanged (Side, Side)
displacers piping class (Side, Bottom where sediment or sand
(external) might be present)
Level switches 2 inch flanged valve to appropriate 2 inch flanged
(if approved) piping class
See 3.4.3
DP cells for 3 inch or 4 inch flanged valve to 3 inch or 4 inch flanged
level, with flanged appropriate piping class. Size as
seals and required by the seal flanges
capillaries
Stilling Well 4 inch flanged to appropriate
(for internal piping class
level displacers)
Thermowells Flanged to appropriate piping With cover flange to piping class and
class Standard Drawing (see Appendix A)

Close coupled instrument connections should be considered with consent of the Principal.

Individual connection(s) should be provided for each instrument on process piping and
equipment.

Each process connection shall have an isolating valve except for instruments, which are:
• installed in the piping, such as vortex, positive displacement or turbine meters and
control valves;
• installed internally in vessels;
• separated from the process fluid by means of a thermowell.

Isolation/equalisation/vent/calibration valve manifolds shall be used on all instruments,

close-coupled and remotely mounted. Multi-valve instrument manifolds & single
instrument valves shall be rated at 2500lb. Vent ports shall be plugged if they are not
piped to a safe location.

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Instruments process connections on systems rated ANSI class 600 and above shall be
fitted with double block and bleed isolation valve assemblies in accordance with respective
piping specification at the point of primary isolation, this shall be in addition to any remotely
mounted calibration valve manifold.

Isolation valves shall have a straight through trim and conform to the piping specification.

Primary isolation valves having a flanged connection on the process side and a ½ inch
threaded NPT female connection at the "Instrument Connection" side may be offered for
those cases in Table 1, requiring a mating flange with 1/2 inch NPT female connection
providing that the valves comply with all other requirements of the project piping
specifications.

2 valve manifolds shall have ½ in NPT screwed inlet and outlet connections whilst 3 & 5
valve manifolds shall have ½ in NPT screwed inlet connections and flanged outlet
connections, suitable for direct bolting to differential pressure transmitters.

Flange rating and finish for process instrumentation connections shall be in accordance
with the requirements of the relevant piping specification for or pressure class associated
vessel.

Boltholes of flanges shall straddle the normal horizontal and vertical centre lines of the
pipe. Gasket types shall conform to the requirements of the project piping standard.

3.2 FLOW MEASUREMENT

Flow measurement requirements are identified in SEIC document 1000-S-90-37-T-

4001.
Alternative methods to be considered shall be vortex, ultrasonic (“time-of-flight” only,
Doppler type shall not be used), electromagnetic, turbine, differential pressure or coriolis.
Selection shall be based on the suitability for the specific service application including
process conditions, turndown, access, installation and total cost of ownership.

The use of variable-area flowmeters shall be restricted to armoured metal tube types in
simple local indication only loops e.g. purge lines, cooling fluid flows and analyser sample
loop flowmeters. Glass tube type variable area flowmeters and positive displacement type
flowmeters are not to be used.

Where in-line meters are not suitable differential pressure devices such as averaging pitot
tubes or square-edge orifice with flanged taps as defined in ISO 5167, may be offered.
3.2.1 Orifice Plates
The following criteria shall apply in the sizing of orifice plates;
• Orifice plates should be sized so that the normal design operating flow falls between
6 and 8 on a 0-10 square root chart but as near 7 as practicable. The orifice/pipe
diameter ratio, Beta, should lie between 0.2 and 0.75.
• The preferred differential pressure range for liquid flow orifice meters is 250 mbar.
• Maximum differential pressure should not normally exceed 500 mbar.
• For gas or vapour flow orifice meters the maximum differential pressure range
should be limited dependent on the static operating pressure as follows:
Static Pressure Differential Pressure
(barg) (mbar)
0.35 to 2.5 0 - 50
2.5 to 6.0 0 – 125
above 6.0 0 – 500

The exact orifice bore shall be calculated based on the above criteria with the selected
differential pressure and used for transmitter range adjustment.

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Piping straight length requirements shall be in accordance with ISO 5167

recommendations.

Orifice Plates and flanges shall be in accordance with standard drawings listed in Appendix
A.

Orifice plates installed in insulated lines shall have the handle extended sufficiently beyond
the flange insulation such that the information required, stamped on the upstream side of
the handle, can be read without removing the insulation.

Orifice flanges shall be located in horizontal lines and instrument connection primary
process isolation valves shall be in accordance with Section 3.1. The location of tappings
for flow meters in vapour/gas service shall be above the horizontal with the instrument
impulse lines rising from the tapping point to the instrument. However, when a flow meter is
installed in liquid service the tappings should be taken from below the horizontal with the
impulse lines falling towards the instrument.

Pressure equalising three-valve manifold blocks shall be used on close-coupled

instruments and pressure/equalising five-valve blocks shall be used on remote mounted
instruments.

If one flow measuring element is used for two independent measurements, four tappings
shall be provided to obtain segregation. ie. If a control and ESD transmitter share the same
measuring element.

For pipe sizes of DN 15 to DN 40 fabricated meter runs shall be used.

Transmitters with integral orifice assemblies in line sizes less than DN 15 shall not be used.
3.2.2 Meter Proving Facilities
Meter proving facilities shall be provided for all flow meters used for custody transfer or
fiscal measurements.

Where valves are used to redirect the flow through the meter prover, these should be tight
shut-off (Class V or Class VI as per IEC 60534-4), arranged as ‘double block and bleed’
type and provided with facilities to check their tightness.

Where master meters are used, calibration facilities shall be available either at the
Principal's site or from an authorised third party.

Piston type provers are not acceptable

Where small volume provers or conventional provers cannot be used or are not allowed by
the local authorities, meter prover tanks shall be provided.

3.3 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT

Operating Ranges
Ranges for pressure instruments should be approximately double the normal operating
range. Suppressed zero ranges may be used for transmitters in control loops where
necessary to ensure proper readability and control.

Pressure Transmitters (Including Differential Pressure Transmitters for Flow and Level)

Except for simple local control loops where pneumatic transmitters may be considered with
the consent of the Principal , transmitters shall be electronic and shall have an overall
accuracy of better than + 0.5% of calibrated span. Repeatability should be 0.1% of

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calibrated span or less. Switching shall be carried out by the system, which is powering
the transmitter.
Where the process fluid in impulse lines could freeze in the event of power loss to heat
tracing, diaphragm and capillary seals may be used (with Principals consent) to remove the
requirement for heat tracing. The seal flange shall be to the pipe rating and of the
instrument manufacturer’s standard size, as per table 1.
Pressure Switches

Pressure switches shall be avoided wherever possible.

Pressure Gauges
Indicating pressure gauges shall be of the heavy-duty precision type and shall be readable
from deck or platform. Gauges shall have stainless steel movements. Dials shall be 100
mm diameter, white with black numerals.

Standard ranges should be used for all pressure gauges.

All cases shall be constructed of stainless steel and shall be of the safety pattern. All
gauges shall be equipped with blow-out backs and shall be so installed that mounting
arrangements do not prevent the functioning of the blow-out device. All gauges shall have
heavy-duty shatterproof glass.

Pressure gauges for severely pulsating services shall have a helical gearless type
movement with micro-range adjustment and dampener. Pressure gauges for applications
subject to vibration shall be liquid filled and shall be equipped with a top filling plug.
Particular care shall be taken in specifying liquid fill to prevent freezing in worst case
ambient conditions.

Pressure gauges with diaphragm seals should be used for applications where general
purpose gauges are not suitable due to corrosion plugging, etc.

Pressure gauges shall have ½ in NPT male threaded bottom connections. Receiver
gauges shall have ¼ in NPT male connections.

Gauges should have an accuracy of better than +/- 1.0% of span including hysteresis,
linearity and repeatability. This accuracy should be maintained after momentary over-
pressure and cycling up to 1.25 times the maximum scale.

3.4 LEVEL MEASUREMENT

3.4.1 General
Depending on the process conditions level measurement by differential pressure,
capacitance, admittance, radar, microwave, ultrasonic or displacer type instruments shall
be used for control or remote transmission services.

External bridles (stand pipes) shall only be used where the number of connections to the
vessel would be significantly reduced. Control instruments and ESD initiator instruments
shall not be mounted on the same bridle. Where ESD initiator instruments are mounted on
an external bridle, no isolation of the bridle from the vessel shall be possible.

Level connections, for both instruments or their bridles shall be made directly into the
vessel. Connections into process pipework, inlet or outlet nozzles, cause errors in
measurement and are not permitted.
3.4.2 Level Transmitters
Differential pressure transmitters shall be the preferred method for level measurement.
Diaphragm and capillary seals or flange-connected transmitters shall be used to remove

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the requirements for heat tracing of impulse lines. The seal flange shall be ANSI B16.5 to
the vessel rating and of the instrument Manufacturer's standard size, normally 3 in. or 4 in.

For pressurised vessels, a pressure correction/compensation connection, (in accordance

with Section 3.1), is required at a location on the vessel above the maximum operating
liquid level.

Displacer chamber connections shall be as per table 1. The instrument head should be
rotatable and where appropriate have insulation and/or a torque tube extension to the
Manufacturer's recommendations dependent on operating temperature. Where there is a
risk that sediment or sand might collect in the bottom of the displacer chamber connections
shall be “side and bottom”.

Displacer ranges shall be 356 mm (14 in.) 813 mm (32 in.) or 1219 mm (48 in.). Accuracy
shall be +/- 0.5% of calibrated span or better. Repeatability shall be 0.1% of calibrated span
or less.

The location of all displacement-type instruments relative to the surrounding equipment and
structure should be arranged to give adequate space above the instrument to allow easy
removal and reinsertion of the displacer and its hanger.

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3.4.3 Level Switches

Level switches (float switches) shall be avoided wherever possible.
3.4.4 Level Gauges
Magnetic level gauges are preferred and shall be provided in association with control and
measurement instruments and where local indication only is required. Level gauge
indication/visible length shall cover the complete operating range of levels, including the
spans of level measurement and switching transmitters.

All fittings to level gauges shall normally be of stainless steel.

Glass level gauges shall only be used if magnetically coupled level gauges are unsuitable
for the application. Glass level gauges if used should be of the transparent flat-glass type.
The Tubular Pyrex glasses and reflex gauge glasses shall not be used.

In corrosive services special devices such as Kel-F coated glasses etc. should be applied.

Gauge glasses with frost protectors shall be used for process operating temperatures
below 1°C.

Gauge glasses, when required shall be backlit with wedge-type gauge illuminators, giving
an evenly diffused light over the entire length of the glass. These shall be certified for use in
the relevant hazardous area zone.

Gauge isolation valves should be of the offset type with union bonnet. They shall be
furnished with ball-type blow-out check units. Each level gauge shall be provided with a
half-inch gate valve or a sleeve-packed plug cock for drainage and glass cleaning.
Isolation gate valve stems shall have hand-wheel and quick-closing thread with double
seated plunger to permit re-packing in service. Valve bodies shall be of forged steel with
the plungers, seats, plugs stems etc. in AISI 316 stainless steel as a minimum.

The maximum centre-to-centre dimensions of process connections for glass level gauges
shall be 1230 mm, incorporating 3 glass sections. If a longer range is required, a
combination of multiple gauges should be made.

Multiple-gauge installations may be mounted on a dedicated “gauges-only” standpipe with

block valves at the vessel only, except for interface gauges, which shall be connected
directly to the vessel without standpipes.
3.4.5 Tank Gauging Systems for Product and Storage Tanks
The use of a stilling well is recommended for all tanks with high accuracy level
measurements requirements.

Tank gauges for custody transfer shall be of the radar type or the servo-motor operated
(surface seeking) type, with remote checking facilities.
Tank gauges for custody transfer shall have an approval certificate from an independent
body, which is recognised by the authorities involved.

Servomotor operated type tank gauges for custody transfer shall be installed in the gauge
pole. The gauge pole shall be installed in a perfectly vertical position.

Where the storage tanks require an averaging temperature detector, this shall form part of,
and be connected to, the tank gauging system. The average temperature detectors shall be
fixed multiple elements (resistance or thermocouple).

Where spot reading temperature detection is required, this shall be provided in the lower
part of the tank. The temperature measuring device shall be a thermocouple or resistance
element.

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3.5 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

3.5.1 Thermowells
All temperature detectors shall be installed in thermowells except bearing metal
temperature detectors.

When operating constraints prevent selection of a suitable thermowell, application of

surface mounted resistance thermometers or thermocouples shall be considered.

Thermowells used in copper-nickel piping in seawater service, shall be made of Monel or

other suitable material in accordance with the project piping specification.

All process thermowells shall be the flanged type in accordance with Standard Drawings in
Appendix A.

For application in large ducting, e.g. heating and ventilating or flue gas ducts, the
thermowell may be an integral part of the thermocouple assembly in accordance with
Standard Drawing in Appendix A.

Wake frequency calculations shall be provided for all thermowells located in piping.

The calculated vortex shedding frequency shall not exceed 80% of the natural frequency of
the thermowell.

For high pressure service welded thermowells to Standard Drawings in Appendix A shall be
provided.

Temperature points shall never be installed directly downstream of flashing or cavitating

valves, due to the risk of breakage as a result of excessive vibration, nor directly upstream
of flow meters requiring a straight length.
3.5.2 Electronic Temperature Elements
For remote temperature indication, resistance temperature detectors (RTD) should be
used. Resistance temperature detector (RTD) elements are preferred for measurements
between –200°C to +500°C and shall be of platinum. The characteristic shall be in
accordance with IEC 751, nominal resistance at 0 °C to be 100 Ohms with a fundamental
interval of 38.5 Ohms.

Thermocouples should be of the mineral insulated, metal-sheathed type and be in

accordance with EN 60584-1. For temperatures between +500°C and +1000°C, chromel-
alumel [Type K] thermocouples shall be used. For temperatures above +1000°C, platinum-
rhodium [Type R] thermocouples shall be used. Purchaser’s written approval is required
for the use of thermocouples outside of these temperature ranges.

Where the temperature elements are measurement inputs to the supplier’s control system
or IPS then local transmitters are not required for RTDs or thermocouples. However for all
temperature elements that perform measurements for the Purchaser’s PCS or ESD,
“smart” programmable head-mounted temperature transmitters shall be provided. Standard
requirements for transmitters shall apply (i.e. fully-floating 4-20 mA output). Accuracy shall
be 0.5% of temperature measurement span or better. Output signals shall be proportional
to temperature, and not mV or resistance input.

Measuring elements shall be spring loaded within the head of the transmitter/termination
chamber to ensure physical contact between the element and the thermowell tip.

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3.5.3 Pneumatic Temperature Transmitters

Pneumatic temperature transmitters shall only be used in local control loops where the use
of electronic transmitters is impracticable and require the approval of the principal.

3.5.4 Temperature Switches

Except for ancillary services such as the control of electric heat tracing, anti-condensation
heaters etc., direct-acting temperature switches shall not be used.
For process control or protection services, primary measurements shall be performed using
an analogue transmitter with the switching being carried out by the PCS or ESD or by a
package control or protection system.

3.5.5 Temperature Gauges

For local indication of temperature up to 400 °C, bi-metallic dial thermometers shall be
supplied.

Temperature gauges shall be, ‘every angle’ type Dial with black characters on a white
background, 316 stainless steel heavy-duty hermetically sealed, weatherproof to IP 66 as
defined in IEC 60529.

Temperature gauges shall have an accuracy of +/- 1% of measurement span or better.

Ranges shall be selected from the following so that the normal operating temperature is
between 50 to 75% of full scale:
-30 to +60 oC, 0 to 60 oC, 0 to 250 oC, 0 to 400 oC

3.6 PROCESS STREAM ANALYSERS

3.6.1 Analysers
Process Stream Analysers will be completely automatic and will be purchased from
suppliers as total systems.

On-line process stream analysers will include, but not be limited to, the following:
• moisture analysers for the outlet of the instrument air dryers and for the hydrocarbon
gas outlet of the glycol contactors.
• chromatograph and density analyser(s) for the pipeline flow measurement packages.
• Oil-in-water analysers for produced water services.
• BS&W analyser on crude oil export service.
• Vapour pressure analysers on crude oil and condensate service.

Process stream analysers will be equipped with manual sample points, for both laboratory
testing and calibration sample injection.

Process stream analysers will in general be equipped with local indicators.

3.6.2 Analyser Houses
The main purpose of an analyser house is to ensure continuity of operation of analyser
systems at a specified rate of reliability by providing a suitable operating environment for
analysers which cannot otherwise operate properly, i.e. if exposed to outdoor, ambient
conditions.

The operating environment may be affected by requirements concerning.

• area classification.
• environmental conditions, mainly temperature and humidity.
• sample handling and conditioning.
• effective maintenance.

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As analyser houses are complex and therefore expensive in both CAPEX and OPEX, they
contribute significantly to the Total Cost Of Ownership. They should therefore only be
erected when strictly required and their size shall be optimised.

In selecting the measurement methodology it shall therefore be borne in mind whether the
required operating environment can only be provided by an analyser house.
The suitability of cheaper alternatives, e.g. a walk-in shelter, shall be checked. The
selection of either a walk-in shelter, a site-erected analyser house or a pre-fabricated
analyser house (with all analyser systems installed) shall be evaluated in terms of Total
Cost of Ownership.

Analyser houses shall be located in a non-hazardous area or a Zone 2 area. Analyser

houses shall not be located in a Zone 0 area or a Zone 1 area.

Additional to the requirements of IEC 61285, the location:

• shall be at least 15 m away from furnaces.
• shall be such that the vibration level does not exceed that specified for the
equipment accommodated inside the analyser house.
• shall be free from spills of water and process liquids.

NOTE: Locations under pipe bridges or other structures should be avoided.

4. ACTUATED VALVES

4.1 CONTROL VALVES

4.1.1 General
Control valves with actuators and ancillary equipment, supplied as part of packaged units,
shall be obtained from one of the control valve suppliers nominated for the project.

Control valve, process connections shall be in accordance with the relevant piping
specification of the associated process pipework, but shall have a minimum flange rating of
300# for process service.

Valve body and trim materials shall, as a minimum, conform to the requirements of the
respective piping materials specification.

Valve failure action shall be as defined on PEFS.

Unless otherwise specified or dictated by its application, the selection of a type of valve
should be in the following order of preference:
• Globe valve (linear motion) or Rotary valve (eccentric plug or segmented ball).
• Butterfly valve.
• Ball valve.
• Other types.

The required control valve characteristic should be obtained through a characterised trim.
Control valve characteristics should generally be equal percentage, however in any of
following cases, the control valve shall have a linear characteristic:
• Level control.
• Compressor anti-surge control.
• Split range control.
• Where, for increasing the rangeability, two control valves are applied in parallel.
• Control valves that are only operated via a manual control station.
• Minimum flow protection for pumps.

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When split range is programmed within the PCS or other remote electronic system, the
control valve may also have an equal percentage characteristic.

Due to the unavailability of an equal percentage characteristic for the miniature type of
control valve, these types of control valves may have a linear characteristic.

On-off control valves should have a quick closing characteristic. Other characteristics may
be required, such as modified equal percentage to avoid or reduce the consequences of
pressure shock in the piping systems.
Unless otherwise required, on-off and control valves used as a back-up emergency shut-off
valve should be specified and installed as "flow-tending-to-close". For throttling control
applications with unbalanced valves, the direction should be "flow-tending-to-open" in order
to avoid a very large unstable force in the nearly closed position.

For angle valves, the direction should be "flow-tending-to-close" in order to avoid high
velocity and turbulence in the valve body.

The calculated Cv value shall be in accordance with IEC 60534-2-1, with noise prediction
calculation and testing in accordance with IEC 534-8. The Supplier shall provide control
valve sizing and noise calculations for review by the Purchaser.

All control valves shall be sized to provide adequate rangeability in accordance with IEC
534-2-4.

Control valves should generally be sized to operate within the limits of 15% (minimum
flowrate) and 85% (maximum flowrate) of maximum capacity. For normal flowrate control
valves shall operate between 30% and 70% of maximum capacity.

If the calculated noise level of a standard control valve exceeds the allowable limits, a
control valve with special low noise internals shall be selected. The maximum sound
pressure level at 1 metre distance from continuously operating control valves shall not
exceed 85 dBA. For intermittent emergency operations, e.g. equipment blowdown to
flare, the allowable noise levels may be increased to 96 dBA. In such cases the valve
equivalent noise level taken over an eight hour operating period shall not exceed the
maximum continuous noise level. Only If, for technical or economic reasons, low noise
valves are not practical, acoustic containment techniques may be applied.

Low noise restriction plate(s) downstream of the control valve shall be avoided.

If cavitation is predicted the first solution should be the re-design of the process. If this
solution is not possible then hardened trim materials shall be applied and special anti-
cavitation trims shall be provided. For applications where anti-cavitation trims are not
available, two valves in series may also be considered.

4.1.2 Globe Valves

Globe valves (linear motion, rotary/eccentric plug or rotary/segmented ball) shall be used
for all services except where the allowable pressure drop is so low that a globe valve would
not function.

Cage guided globe valves shall not be used for fluids that contain solid particles.

Throttling globe valves should not be used if a Class V or Class VI shut-off is required (as
per IEC 534-4), as these shut-off classes cannot be maintained over a prolonged period. If
a Class V or Class VI shut-off is required, a dedicated tight shut-off valve (i.e. ball valve)
should be installed in series with the control valve. As this is an expensive solution, the
requirement for these shut-off classes should be examined with care.

An exception is made for de-pressurising valves where, for safety reasons, two valves in
series shall not be applied.

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When selecting three-way globe valves, special attention shall be paid to the Cv sizing of
each flow path of the valve.

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4.1.3 Butterfly Valves

Butterfly valves shall comply with the piping class and shall be considered for the following
circumstances:
• if the required size (usually due to high flow rate with a low pressure drop) would
make it economically attractive or if it is impossible to apply globe valves.
• for corrosive services, where body lining of globe valves becomes economically
unattractive.
Spring-opening butterfly valves should not be of the wafer or lug type but should have a
flanged valve body (in order to allow removal of the valve from the piping system). If a
wafer or lug type butterfly valve is used, spool pieces (upstream and downstream) shall be
fitted to permit removal of the valve.

To prevent tampering, the rotary intermediate linkages between a butterfly valve and its
actuator shall be of the integral type, enclosed in a protective metal housing.
4.1.4 Ball Valves
Ball valves shall be considered for on-off service. Unless equipped with a special trim, i.e.
anti-cavitation or low-noise design, care should be taken with the selection of ball valves for
high differential pressures.

Ball valves supplied with an actuator for remote on-off operation, shall comply with the
piping class requirements for manual valves. The type of actuator shall be as specified for
Shut-off valves in section 4.2.

Ball valves for use in erosive service etc. should be equipped with a scraper type of seat
construction.

Ball valves should not be used in throttling service.

4.1.5 Self-Acting Regulators
Self-acting regulators shall only be considered for clean fluids in simple utility applications,
such as pressure reducing, back pressure and temperature regulation (e.g. for reducing
instrument air supply pressure or for gas blanketing of storage tanks).

Regulators in gas blanketing service shall be installed on the blanketing inlet connection of
the relevant tank.

Special attention shall be given to the application of self-acting regulators, with internal,
self-relieving capability.

For details of tank blanketing, refer to API 2000.

4.1.6 Control Valve Bodies
Non-standard sizes of control valve bodies shall not be used on process duties, (e.g. 1¼”,
2½”, 5” & 7” NB) select from the range of pipe sizes listed in the piping specification.

Body size less than 1” shall not be used.

Control valve bodies shall not be fitted with bottom drain plugs. A bottom flange shall be
provided for valves that require bottom access for trim removal.

Valve bonnets shall be of bolted construction with fully retained gaskets.

The face-to-face dimensions of flanged globe-body control valves shall be in accordance

with IEC 534.

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4.1.7 Control Valve Packing Materials

Packing materials should be:-
• PTFE-based for non-hydrocarbon services with packing temperatures below 200oC;
• Graphite-based, metal-reinforced, fire-safe type for all hydrocarbon services and
non-hydrocarbon services with packing temperatures between 200oC and 600°C.

Packing shall not contain asbestos and external lubricators or grease nipples shall not be
applied.
Extended bonnets shall be provided, if required, to keep the temperature at the stuffing box
at an acceptable value for the applied packing. An extended bonnet shall also be provided
if the operating differential pressure across the valve could otherwise cause freezing of the
stuffing box/packing and/or ice formation on the trim. For example, this may be the case for
compressor recycle (anti-surge) valves or de-pressurisation valves. The stuffing box shall
be on top of the extended bonnet and shall be provided with an adjustable, bolted gland
flange and gland follower.

Bellows-sealed bonnets shall be applied where control valves are used in toxic gas
services. The bellows shall be of AISI 316 type stainless steel, unless otherwise specified
in the requisition. Bellows-sealed bonnets shall not be applied above ANSI rating class
300.

For bellows-sealed control valves an additional stuffing box with the appropriate packing
material shall be included. For leak detection and venting purposes, the seal extension
shall be provided with a screwed connection between the bellows seal and the packed
gland.
4.1.8 Control Valve Trims
The trim and particularly the seat ring(s) shall be of the replaceable type. All internal
clearances shall be designed such that sticking cannot occur at minimum and maximum
operating and ambient temperatures.

For trims, which are not of the one-piece type, the plug and stem construction shall be
provided with a locking device to prevent accidental separation. The locking device may be
either a special fluted pin, driven through a hole, which is simultaneously drilled in the plug
guide section and stem, or it may be of a welded construction.

The seat-ring(s) should be clamped or backed-up via a seat ring retainer. Special attention
shall be paid to fixing of the seat ring in order to prevent loosening due to vibration.
Adhesive compounds shall not be used for the locking of seat rings.

Where soft (resilient) inserts are required for meeting the specified leakage rate, the inserts
should be of glass-fibre-filled or graphite-filled PTFE; the selection shall be based on the
suitability for the specified process conditions. The resilient insert shall be properly
clamped between metal parts and/or locked in position to prevent blow-out in the closed
position. For globe valves, soft seats can deteriorate quickly and should be avoided as far
as possible.

Hardened (e.g. Stellite-coated) or solid Stellite closure member and seat rings shall be
selected for the following applications:
• Erosive services.
• Wet gas or steam service with a pressure drop greater than 5 bar.
• Other services in which the pressure drop is greater than 10 bar at design
conditions.
For economic reasons, if suitable for the specified process conditions, hardened AISI 440C
type stainless steel (Brinell hardness approximately 550) may be considered as an
alternative trim material.

Angle valves for erosive services should be equipped with a chrome plated venturi seat
ring, unless other materials are required for the process conditions.

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4.2 ACTUATED SHUT-OFF VALVES (INCL. ESD AND BLOW-DOWN VALVES)

4.2.1 General
Shut-off valves shall be in accordance with the project piping class specification and tight
shut-off (bubble tight at rated pressure) where specified to be tight shut-off ( TSO)

Valve actuators shall be either hydraulic or pneumatic spring return or double acting. In
onshore locations where no instrument air supply is available electric or hydraulic actuators
shall be used. The requirements of clauses 4.3 and 4.4 shall apply.

On the offshore facilities shutoff valves 10” and above shall be fitted with hydraulic
actuators, shutoff valves below 10” shall be fitted with pneumatic actuators.

For onshore locations where an instrument air supply is not available electric, hydraulic or
electro-hydraulic actuators will be used. Where hydraulic actuators are used a hydraulic
accumulator will be provided with each actuator, an electro-hydraulic powerpack will be
provided with each valve or group of valves. Electro-hydraulic actuators will be self-
contained units comprising actuator, electric driven hydraulic pump, reservoir, accumulator
and controls integrated into one unit of modular design.

Solenoid valves may only be considered for applications in instrument air signal lines or on-
off control in hydraulic utility services, such as the hydraulic control systems for well-head
control panel logic units.

Valve Failure action shall be as defined on the PEFS.

ESD and Blow-down Valves shall use hydraulic or pneumatic actuators with spring return
failure action.

ESD and Blow-down Valves shall be fire-safe. If the valve is located within a high fire risk
area the actuator shall be either fire-safe or enclosed within a fire-safe enclosure.

Where shut-off valves are used as the final control elements for IPFs, the requirements of
section 7.0 shall also apply.

For Shutdown applications the actuator shall be fail-safe and arranged such that in event of
removal or loss of the control signal, the valve will be driven to the least hazardous (usually
closed) position. This should be by spring return action. Where spring return actuators are
not possible or practical, double acting actuators may be used to drive the valve to the safe
position using lock-up valves and local hydraulic accumulators. See Actuated Valve
Accessories section 4.4 for the requirements regarding local hydraulic accumulators. For
General duty applications the actuator may stay-put in the event of removal or loss of the
control signal.

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4.3 VALVE ACTUATORS

4.3.1 Actuator Materials

The materials of the actuator assembly including case, yoke, spring housing and gearbox
shall be steel. Aluminium materials shall not be used in actuators. Brass or copper alloys
may be used in non-exposed areas.

The actuators may be used in exposed locations in the offshore environment and will be
subject to seawater deluge and hosing down. It is therefore essential that the actuators are
designed such that the level of ingress protection is sufficient to prevent corrosion within
the actuator, particularly on the spring, bearings, guides and cylinder surfaces. Actuators,
including all field mounted ancillaries and junction boxes, shall be rated IP 65 to IEC 60529
(including prevention of entry to the actuator and ancillaries of fingers, hands, etc.).

The actuator spring shall be fully enclosed and permanently treated to resist atmospheric
corrosion.

The diaphragm material shall be nylon-reinforced neoprene or Buna N rubber. Piston or

cylinder actuators shall have O-ring sealing and shall be designed to minimise shaft and
piston friction.

Protective compounds and durable coatings shall be used to prevent corrosion in the event
of water condensing inside the various housings in addition to protection of external parts.
For shutdown applications, the spring housing shall be hermetically sealed to prevent
ingress of air or moisture and should contain preservative.
Carbon steel parts should be painted in accordance with the Project Painting Specification.
Where alternative equivalent painting systems are proposed, details of these shall be
submitted for approval.

Nickel plating should be used for sealing surfaces and the inside surface of cylinders to
provide resistance to wear and corrosion. The underlying surface material must be treated
to provide corrosion resistance. Carbonising/Nitrating surface treatment processes may be
used on internal parts such as piston rods, tie bars etc.

For General duty applications (i.e. non-shutdown applications) only, PTFE type coatings
may also be used for the inside surface of air cylinders. The underlying surface material
must be treated to provide corrosion resistance.
Local valve position shall be shown by a moving pointer attached to the valve stem/shaft
and indicating on a fixed scale.
4.3.2 Control Valve Actuator & Positioner
Control valve actuators should be pneumatic spring-opposed diaphragm or pneumatic
spring-opposed short-stroke piston type.

The yoke shall be of the open type to allow access for adjustment of the packing gland
follower.

Piston type actuators shall be provided with adjustable end-limit travel stops in both
directions. Bolt adjustment type limit stops shall be applied with a locking facility, e.g. a
locking nut, to prevent tampering. The construction shall be leak-tight, with seal gaskets.

For large high pressure control valves that require forces that are too great for diaphragm
actuators, double-acting, spring less, piston actuators should be provided complete with
lock-up valves and local instrument air receiver, to achieve the required action in the event
of instrument air failure.

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Modulating control valves shall be fitted with electro-pneumatic SMART valve positioners
(input signal 4 - 20 mA), unless otherwise requested in the requisition for a specific
application. Positioners on valves used for simple regulatory control will be Foundation
Fieldbus format. The positioner output action shall be direct, and shall not be provided with
a bypass valve. The positioner shall have a weatherproof enclosure with a degree of
protection of at least IP 65 in accordance with IEC 60529. The valve positioner shall have
sufficient capacity in both directions for pressuring and venting the actuator to prevent
response time limitations.

Where the combination of a separate electro-pneumatic converter and a pneumatic valve

positioner is unavoidable, the output capability of the converter and the input required on
the pneumatic valve positioner shall be checked in order to prevent possible instability.

Input, output and supply pressure gauges, graduated in Barg, shall be provided on the
valve positioner and/or I/P converters. Valve positioners and I/Ps shall be provided with an
identification plate, marked with air supply pressure and input signal.

The connection of the valve stem to the actuator stem shall be adjustable and shall allow
positive locking of the adjustment. Actuators shall be equipped with a direct-coupled
adjustable travel or position indicator for local status indication. The position shall be
indicated by a permanent mark on a reversible scale with the words 'open' and 'shut' at the
travel limits, or by unambiguous symbols such as:-
_ V _ = open –V– = closed.

4.3.3 Choke Valve Actuator

Wellhead choke valves shall be fitted with electric motor driven actuators. The actuators
shall incorporate a stem position transmitter (feed back to the PCS), a de-clutchable hand
wheel, local open/stop/close push buttons and a local/remote selector.

Domestic gas take-off valves at Boatasyn shall be fitted with electric motor driven
actuators. The actuators shall incorporate a stem position limit switches (feed back to the
PCS), a de-clutchable hand wheel, local open/stop/close push buttons and a local/remote
selector.
4.3.4 On/Off Valve Actuator
The actuator internals shall be packed for life with suitable lubricants. However, access
facilities shall be provided to allow inspection and re-packing of the actuator in-situ on the
valve.

A pre-requisite of supply shall be that Shutdown Actuators offered for supply shall have
been subjected to Comprehensive Type Tests carried out by the actuator manufacturer and
witnessed independently, brief extracts are as follows:-
• Design certification by an approved independent authority such as Lloyds.
• Spring visual, dye-penetrant examination and load tests before and after 10 cycles at
maximum torque.
• Cylinder pressure test at 1.5 times the maximum operating pressure for a minimum
of 6 hours.
• full-load performance test to measure and record the variation in Static Torque of the
actuator in both directions over the full curve.
• 6,000 cycle operational test under 95% load, = 3,000 cycles at -40°C, & 3,000 cycles
at +55°C.
• Repeat full-load performance test to measure and record the variation in Static
Torque of the actuator in both directions over the full curve.
• Stroke the actuator leaving the spring in the compressed position for 2 weeks.
• Repeat full-load performance test to measure and record the variation in Static
Torque of the actuator in both directions over the full curve.

Type approval is only required once to pre-qualify an actuator type. Re-qualification will
only be required if significant design changes or extensions to the range have taken place.

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One (or more) suppliers may be nominated as ¼-turn actuator supplier(s).

4.3.5 Actuator Sizing
The maximum process differential pressure for actuator sizing shall be taken to be the
maximum upstream pressure, with the valve fully closed and the downstream pressure as
atmospheric.
As a minimum requirement actuators shall be sized to provide sufficient torque or thrust to
hold in position and fully stroke the valve against the maximum process pressure
differential, within the times specified, with an air supply of 4.2 barg or less. Sizing at
instrument air pressures above 4.2 barg require the consent of the principal. Particular
attention shall be paid to unbalanced dynamic forces on the valve plug. The actuator
design shall be able to withstand the maximum instrument air supply pressure.

4.3.6 Actuator Torque Requirement

For rotary valves the torque available from the actuator at any point in the stroke shall be a
minimum of 1.5 times the valve torque requirements to operate a new valve for both the
spring closing and externally powered opening (or vice versa for fail-open applications)
strokes including breakaway and process induced dynamic forces with the valve under
maximum design differential pressure and at maximum design pressure. Minimum air
supply pressure of 4.2 barg should be used for deriving actuator torque figures unless
otherwise required. Actuators requiring an instrument air supply pressure above 4.2 barg
shall not be used unless approved by the Principle.

Sheer torque capability for valve stem/shaft shall be 1.5 times the maximum torque.

Additionally, for shutdown applications, the actuator torque shall be a minimum of 1.5 times
the torque required to close the new valve from the open position with the valve bore at the
maximum operating pressure and with the valve cavity at atmospheric pressure.

Calculations of the maximum torque that could cause the shearing of the valve stem by the
actuator shall be based on:

• limit stops fully adjusted

• maximum air pressure (as achieved with the pressure relief valve fully open, i.e.
110% of relief valve set pressure).
• maximum spring force

This maximum "Shearing" torque shall not cause yield in any component of the actuator
and drive train.
4.3.7 Stroking Times
4.3.7.1 Control Valves
For control valves stroking time must suit the required speed of response for process
control accuracy and stability.

Valves used for on/off service or control valves with a back-up trip function shall have
stroking times as required for the individual application. In particular special care shall be
taken for compressor anti-surge valves, with respect to the required fast stroking time.
Where the stroking time requirements in any one direction cannot be met, a volume booster
or a quick exhaust valve (subject to stability considerations) shall be employed. If air
pressure is used, under emergency conditions, to close the valve or to assist the spring
force, the size of the air signal line and fittings and the air capacity of the accessories shall
be suitable to ensure the required stroking time.

4.3.7.2 Actuated Shut-Off Valves

The maximum stroking times for the actuator/valve combination at the specified supply
pressure range and ambient condition range are as follows:
• Tripping One second per inch of nominal valve bore;

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• Resetting Three seconds per inch of nominal valve bore.

In order to avoid pipeline surge, speed control facilities may be provided to restrict the
discharge of the operating medium from the actuator. These shall be arranged such that
the risk of causing blockage of the flow of operating medium from the actuator shall be
minimised. Mechanisms that are integral to the cylinder are preferred to external ones.
4.3.8 Actuator to Valve Mounting
The actuator mounting on the valve shall not cause excessive stress on the valve stem
arrangement. Any requirement for additional supporting of the actuator other than that
provided by the valve adapter shall be clearly identified. The control system shall be
directly mounted on the valve where practicable. Where this is not practicable a
freestanding control system shall be provided for installation adjacent to the valve.
The arrangements for fitting the actuator to the valve shall be such that the operating
torque is transmitted to the valve without any distortion, over stressing or slipping of the
coupling, mountings or bolting. Any extension pieces, spool pieces or adapters required to
fit the actuator to the valve shall be fully enclosed and fitted with pressure relief facilities to
prevent over pressure in the event of stem seal leakage. Valve and actuator assemblies
for cold service (e.g. blow down) may require extended bonnets to ensure the actuator
remains within it’s design temperature limits.

The design shall prevent leakage from the diaphragm/piston from over pressurising the
adjoining actuator body or spring housing.

The allowable stresses on the valve flange, flange bolts and the valve stem shall be
specified by the valve manufacturer.

4.4 ACTUATED VALVE ACCESSORIES

4.4.1 Handwheels
Actuated valves will only be provided with a handwheel when indicated on the PEFS. If a
handwheel is provided, the following are the minimum requirements:
• The handwheel shall be provided with position indicators.
• The operating force shall not exceed 200 N on the rim of the handwheel.
• The transfer from actuator operation to handwheel operation shall be possible in all
stem positions.
• The handwheel should be de-clutchable, side mounted type with a clearly marked
neutral position. An instruction plate, explaining how the declutching facility is used,
shall be fitted to the actuator.
4.4.2 Limit Stops
Limit stops shall be mechanical devices mounted on the actuator, but they shall not form
part of the handwheel mechanism (if provided).

To prevent tampering, the limit stops shall be fitted with a locking facility, e.g. a locking nut
and shall be protected against unintentional adjustments

4.4.2.1 Control Valves

Limit stops, where fitted, shall be indicated on the flowsheets. Adjustable limit stops shall
not be used to restrict the throughput of the valve in order to limit the capacity of
downstream relief valves.

Where fitted, limit stops shall be screwed bolt-type, e.g. on the actuator stem, adjustable
over the full length of the stroke. Bolts screwed in the body shall not be used as a limit
stop.

4.4.2.2 Actuated Shut-Off Valves

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Adjustable limit stops shall be fitted to the actuator. Limit stops shall be adjustable by a
minimum of ±2.5° at both the 0° and 90° positions. Limit stops shall be field adjustable
without dismantling the actuator from the valve.

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4.4.3 Air Supply Filters & Regulators

Air filters shall be installed in the supply lines to the individual actuators in order to protect
the actuator from entrained abrasive particles and moisture in the air supply

Air filter regulators shall be installed in the supply lines to the solenoid valves; positioners
and/or I/P converters, in order to filter and regulate the instrument air supply pressure.

The make of filter regulator shall be as specified in the requisition.

The air filter shall be fitted with a drainage facility.

The air filter regulators shall be of the reducing-relief valve type, with drainage facility and
bolt adjustment provided with a locking facility, e.g. a locking nut, to prevent tampering.

The air filter cartridges shall be of the rigid structure type to resist channelling, rupturing,
shrinkage or distortion and shall have a maximum mesh size of 20 m.

The capability, e.g. output capacity and required spring range, of the filter-regulator shall be
checked against the instrument air requirement of the particular positioner and/or I/P.

The actuator Manufacturer/Supplier shall specify the air consumption and the air filter
requirements for the elements that are supplied with the valve.

Glass (bowl-type) filter regulators shall not be used.

4.4.4 Actuator Lifting Eyes
Where necessary, the actuator shall be fitted with suitably located lifting eyes. The
Supplier is to confirm that these are suitable for mounting and de-mounting the actuator in-
situ with the specified valve orientation. Where fitted a minimum of two and a configuration
providing redundancy is required. In addition, where specified, additional lifting eyes shall
be provided on the spring cans to allow the removal of these with the actuator on the valve
in the position specified.
4.4.5 Pressure Gauges
Pressure gauges shall be provided as follows :-
• incoming supply
• actuator control supply
• all regulated pressures in the control system.

Pressure gauges shall be in accordance with section 3.3, except they may be reduced to
50 mm diameter dial.
4.4.6 Limit Switches
Actuators for shutdown valves and on-off control valves shall be fitted with a minimum of
two limit switches, one at the fully open position and one at the fully closed, plus any other
intermediate positions as required for valve test purposes. Modulating control valve limit
switches shall be fitted only as necessary and should be indicated on the PEFS.

The switches shall be such that the closed limit switch circuit is closed when the valve is in
the closed position and the open limit switch is open circuit and visa versa when the valve
is fully open. Each end of travel switch shall operate within 3% of the end of travel (open
or closed) and additionally, any intermediate position switch shall be adjustable by 10%. All
position switches shall be repeatable to 0.5%. Mechanical protection (preferably by
mounting inside a box), shall be fitted to prevent any disturbance/malfunction of the limit
switches caused by inadvertent impingement of portable tools and equipment. The
switches shall be of the proximity type, rated IP 66 to IEC 60529 and suitable for use in the
hazardous area classification specified.

The mounting instructions supplied by the limit switch manufacturer shall be applied by the
valve manufacturer.

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4.4.7 Solenoid Valves

Solenoid valves shall only be considered for applications in instrument air signal lines or
on-off control in hydraulic utility services, such as the hydraulic control systems for
wellhead control panel logic units.

Solenoid valves installed in hazardous areas shall be EEx (d) certified (I.S. solenoid valves
are not acceptable). Normal operation shall be via normally energised solenoid valves
driven via 24V dc. coils. On loss of signal, the actuator spring shall drive the valve to its
fail-safe position.

Solenoid valve manufacturer and type are to be approved by the Purchaser.

Solenoid valves activated as part of a trip system (IPF), shall be provided with a local
manual reset facility. The solenoid valve reset facility shall consist of a field reset enable
pushbutton, located adjacent to the solenoid valve, together with field inputs returning to a
healthy state will allow the operator to perform unit and individual logic resets. The field
reset enable push buttons will be provided for logically grouped sections of the plant and will
be located in suitable areas such that the process operator can visually verify plant safety
prior to operating the field reset enable push button. After local reset has been achieved the
CCR operator can reset the ESD logic and bring the plant back on-line in an orderly and safe
manner.

Solenoid valves for general or control service shall be auto reset.

Solenoid valves shall be provided with a disc and/or seat of resilient material to give a tight
shut-off feature. They should be suitable for installing on a mounting plate. The air
passages in the solenoid valves shall be large enough to achieve the opening or closing
time of the valve as stated in the requisition. If this would lead to unrealistically large
passages and consequently high power consumption of the solenoid valve, consideration
should be given to the use of quick exhaust valves.

The capability of the solenoid valve (e.g. capacity, pressure rating) shall be checked
against the instrument air requirement of the particular actuator.

The minimum port size in the solenoid valve shall be stated by the manufacturer and this
shall be taken into account for the stroking time calculations.

Solenoid valves shall be without exhaust port protectors but, to prevent plugging (e.g.
during freezing periods), shall be provided with a piece of tubing bent downwards with the
end cut off at an angle of 45 degrees.

All electrical cable entries shall be M20 x 1.5 mm ISO (female) and connections shall be by
screw terminals. Flying leads should be avoided wherever possible. Solenoid valves with
flying leads shall be provided with a separate junction box for termination of the leads and,
if not armoured, the flying leads shall be protected by a flexible conduit. The junction box
shall be compatible with the electrical hazardous area classification of the solenoid valve.

To prevent high voltage induction, solenoid valves operating on direct current shall be
provided with anti-surge diodes.

For emergency shut-off valves, the solenoid valve shall be installed directly on the valve
actuator.

For control valves with a valve positioner, the solenoid valve shall be installed between the
positioner output and the actuator.

Solenoid valves shall be direct operated; in-pilot operated solenoid valves are not allowed.

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4.4.8 Quick Exhaust Valves & Volume Boosters

Quick exhaust valves and volume boosters may be provided for services, which require to
operate faster than is achievable with the standard accessories.

Pilot-operated, quick-exhaust valves shall not be used.

The minimum port sizes shall be taken into account for stroking time calculations.

Quick exhaust valves shall be installed without port protectors but, to prevent plugging (e.g.
during freezing periods), shall be provided with a piece of tubing, bent downwards, with the
end cut off at an angle of 45 degrees.

Quick exhaust valves shall be fitted directly to the port of the actuator.

Volume boosters shall be provided if needed to achieve the stroking times specified in the
requisition. Volume boosters for pneumatic actuators shall be of the high capacity type with
fast throttling facilities to control the required capacity.
4.4.9 Lock-up Valves & Local Instrument Air Receivers
Lock-up valves (a snap acting valve which seals in the instrument air pressure to the
actuator/receiver if the supply falls below a predetermined value) shall have a bolt
adjustment provided with a locking facility, e.g. a locking nut, to prevent unintentional
adjustments. A separate nameplate shall be provided to indicate the range and the set
values.

The lock-up valves shall be set at a value above the minimum air supply pressure required
by the valve actuator bearing in mind the capacity limitations of the local air receiver.

The lock-up valve shall be installed between the positioner output and the actuator. If lock-
up valves are applied on valves operated by a solenoid valve, this solenoid valve shall be
installed between the lock-up valve and the actuator.
4.4.10 Local Instrument Air Receivers & Hydraulic Accumulators
The local instrument air receiver or hydraulic accumulator shall be sized to maintain
sufficient supply pressure at the actuator controls to allow for at least three full valve
strokes (ie. one open, one close, one open for a fail to close valve) within 30 minutes.

The local instrument air receiver capacity shall be sized consistent with operating and
minimum pressures as stated in section 2.3

The hydraulic accumulator capacity shall be sized for a starting pressure of 200g barg and
a minimum pressure of 160 barg.

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5 PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES

5.1 GENERAL
The selection, sizing and design of relief valves or rupture discs shall be in accordance with
API RP 520, API RP 521. A Data Sheet shall be prepared for each safety relief valve,
giving all the process data required to properly size and select the valve, construction and
physical size. The data sheet shall also indicate other relevant factors where applicable,
e.g. possible solids formation, dangerous fluids, fluctuating back pressure, mixed-phase
flow etc.

Relief valves, both conventional, balanced bellows and pilot operated types, shall be
supplied in accordance with API 526.

Calculation sheets shall be provided for each safety relief valve. Noise calculations for
each safety relief valve in dBA at full lift shall also be submitted. The sound pressure level
at 1 metre distance from the safety relief valve shall not exceed 110 dBA.

Relief devices in gas or vapour service should normally be connected to either the vessel
vapour space or the outlet piping.

If part of a system containing a liquid can be blocked in by valves and the internal pressure
can rise above the maximum allowable working pressure of the piping system due to
ambient influences, a thermal expansion relief valve shall be provided.

All relief valves shall be accessible from deck level or a permanent platform.

Isolation valves shall be fitted where spare relief valves are installed, and their lock key
release system shall be such that pressure relief protection is provided at all times. When
pressure relief valves are fitted with isolation valves, these shall be of full bore type, be
indicated on P & I diagrams and appropriately identified with either the symbol 'LO' (Locked
Open) or 'LC' (Locked Closed) and their status, i.e. open or closed, shall be clearly evident
from visual inspection.

Piping for relief valves shall be arranged to avoid pockets. Piping on the exhaust side of
relief devices shall be designed or braced to ensure that exhaust reaction loads or
moments do not exceed that specified by the relief valve Manufacturer. The outlet line from
a relief valve shall be self-draining.

The inlet flange rating shall match the inlet process piping specification. Outlet connections
shall be suitable for the design pressure and temperature conditions of the downstream
pipework; outlet flanges shall be ANSI Class 150# minimum rating.
Vent pipe must not allow backpressure build up due to liquid accumulation.
Valves shall be of the enclosed spring type. Where bonnets are vented to atmosphere, a
screen and/or shield shall be fitted to prevent the ingress of dirt, moisture or foreign objects.

Safety relief valve seats shall normally be metal to metal. Where a tighter shut-off is
required, the use of elastomeric seals suitable for the service conditions may be
considered. All soft seats shall be renewable. Metal to metal seats shall be of ample
proportions, so as to permit several lapping or re-machining operations. For high
temperature applications in excess of 200°C, metal-to-metal seats shall be used. For high
pressure drop applications in excess of 70 bar, stellited trim shall be used.

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5.2 CONVENTIONAL AND BALANCED BELLOWS RELIEF VALVES

Conventional relief valves are to be used for most duties because of their relative simplicity
and reliability.
Conventional relief valves shall be in accordance with "direct spring-loaded" valves as
specified in API 526.

Valves shall be full nozzle type, so that the nozzle and seat are the only parts in contact
with the process fluid when the valve is closed.

A balanced bellows may be specified as an addition to a conventional relief valve. This

device isolates the spring, bonnet space and internals from the inlet and outlet fluid. Where
fluctuating imposed back pressure is possible, or where built up backpressure may exceed
10% of set pressure, a balancing bellows shall be used. It may also be specified to prevent
corrosive, dirty or hazardous fluids contacting the valve top works, or leaking to
atmosphere.

Where a balanced bellows is fitted, the bonnet shall be vented, either locally or to safe
location depending on the nature of the fluid. Means shall be provided to monitor the
integrity of the bellows. In cases where bellows failure would cause a dangerous condition
due to backpressure as described above, a balancing piston shall also be specified. This
functions as a back-up device to the bellows and ensures proper valve operation in the
event of bellows failure.
5.3 PILOT OPERATED RELIEF VALVES
Pilot operated relief valves provide a tighter closure than conventional valves and may be
considered where the operating pressure is greater than 90% of set pressure where
conventional valves might experience seat leakage. Because of possible problems with
blockage of the small-bore pilot valve or tubing, their use shall only be considered in clean
dry gas service.

These valves shall be generally in accordance with API 526. Non-standard valves may be
considered on an individual basis for special applications.

In the event of failure of the pilot valve system, the main valve shall still open at an
increased over-pressure.

The preferred configuration for pilot piping shall be pickup from a connection on the main
valve inlet, and discharge to a connection on the main valve outlet. The Supplier shall
review the backpressure conditions and advise where the pilot valve discharge piping
should route to atmosphere for satisfactory main valve operation. If atmospheric discharge
is essential, the Supplier shall advise the fluid volume which would be vented under
relieving conditions.

Pilot operated safety relief valves shall be constructed to provide a facility for tamper proof
sealing, preferably by wiring of screw cap and body on the pilot valve and lead sealing, to
ensure setting integrity.

Pilot valves shall be of the non-flowing type, and shall be spring loaded and soft seated
where the temperature permits. All materials shall be compatible with the process fluid.
Pilot tube and fittings shall be stainless steel and shall be 12 mm O.D. minimum. Fittings
shall be twin-ferrule compression type. Flared tube fittings shall not be used.
5.4 SMALL RELIEF VALVES
Small safety relief valves having inlet sizes of 3/4" or below shall only be used for very low
flow applications, such as thermal relief of liquid inventories or protection of small air
receivers or positive displacement pumps. Inlet and outlet connections may be threaded,
where permitted under the piping specifications, for non-hazardous services, but shall be
flanged for all process or hazardous fluids.

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These valves are not covered by any national standard for constructional details. Full
supplier drawings and parts lists shall be provided for each individual valve. Capacity
certification shall be to ASME requirements, or to other equivalent national.

Fixed blow-down type may be used where the operating pressure is less than 75% of set
pressure. For higher operating pressures, adjustable blow-down shall be provided.

In normal operating mode i.e. valve closed, the only valve parts contacting the fluid shall be
of stainless steel type 316 or better to meet process requirements.

The maximum orifice size for this type of valve shall be 71 sq. mm.
5.5 RUPTURE DISCS
Rupture discs will only be used where quick reaction time and large capacity discharge is
required. However, where applied, rupture disks subject to vacuum as well as to pressure
will be reverse buckling type with vacuum supports. All rupture discs installations shall be
fitted with leak and rupture detection and alarm facilities.

Rupture disks will not be installed in series with safety valves.

5.6 MATERIALS (ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RELIEF VALVES)
Materials of construction for major components shall be specified on the data sheet for
review by the Purchaser before order placement.
Care must be taken in specifying the materials for safety relief valves subjected to
temperatures below 0°C. The low temperature may be as a result of process conditions or
caused by pressure drop through the safety relief valve.

Relief valve springs shall be manufactured from corrosion resistant alloys, suitable for the
specified service and environmental conditions. Plated or painted carbon steel springs are
not acceptable. For all hydrocarbon services springs shall have Type 3.1.B (minimum)
material certification to DIN 50049.

An ASME code stamp is not required, but capacities of valves shall be certified by the
manufacturer using the methods outlined in ASME code section VIII and API 520.

Valves to be dry before packing for shipment.

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6. SHUTDOWN PHILOSOPHY AND HIERARCHY

For details of the Philosophy and Hierarchy refer to:
Offshore 3400-T-61-30-S-4033-00 Safety Systems Philosophy
OPF & Booster Stn 1 6000-P-60-04-S-7001-1 Emergency Shutdown and Emergency
Depressurisation Philosophy
Booster Stn 2 5200-Y-90-04-T-7008-00 BS#2 General Safety Design Concept
Gas Distribution 5300-Y-90-04-S-7001-00 GD Safety Specification
OET 5500-Y-90-04-T-7008-00 OET General Safety Design Concept

7. CONTROL AND SAFETY SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

The facilities will include a number of interconnected control and monitoring systems:

• Integrated Control and Safety System (ICSS) comprising subsystems:

Process Control System (PCS)
Emergency Shutdown System (ESD)
Fire & Gas System (F&G)
High Integrity Pressure Protection System (HIPPS)
• Electrical Switchgear/Motor Control Centres
• Unit Control Panels - Equipment Dedicated (See Section 9.0)
• Local Control Panels (See Section 10.0)
• Rotating Equipment Monitoring and Data Acquisition System (See Section 7.7)

The major elements of the control systems shall be interconnected to the CCR through the
communications network.

The PCS shall be used as the main control system for the platform, with the operators in
the CCR supervising all process and utility controls.

The CCR shall be provided with operator control consoles, which shall house the Control
and Safety System VDUs and their associated keyboards for platform displays and controls
including PCS, ESD, F&G, electrical switchgear/MCC status and third party package
equipment systems. The man machine interface in the CCR will be further augmented by
report and event printers.

The design of control and safety systems shall take into account the potential failure modes
of equipment and shall, wherever practical, ensure that equipment "fails safe". In addition
the design shall identify all common mode failure points and, where practical, these shall be
eliminated.

The ICSS controlling communications network shall be fully dual redundant and diversely
routed throughout and capable of single network failure survival. For package equipment
UCPs that interface to the ICSS the preferred communication is Ethernet, where the
Supplier is unable to provide this then the alternative is via serial links. Where control and
or ESD data or status is transmitted dual redundant links shall be used. Where only non-
critical indication or status is transmitted a simplex redundant link may be used. The
supplier shall arrange the data registers in a compacted form so as to maximise the
efficiency/performance of the data transfer interface. Data message designs shall minimise
the number of transactions required for the ICSS to gather data.

The interface between the electrical power management system, switchgear/MCCs and the
PCS for monitoring and status displays shall be via serial links.

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The ICSS TCP/IP monitoring communications network shall be duplex and shall provide
terminal facilities and allow the sharing of peripheral devices such as report printers, event
printers, etc., by third party, supplier package equipment (see Section 10). In addition all
data and displays available at the supplier’s control panel shall be available at the ICSS
control console. This communication shall be via Ethernet Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). All hardware and software required to remotely
access this data for display on a remote PC based Windows NT workstation shall be
supplied by the supplier:

• Hardware Ethernet Board or built-in connection.

• Software Software Driver for TCP/IP, compatible with Windows NT.

The allocation of TCP/IP addresses will be agreed with the ICSS systems supplier.

TCP/IP is a layered set of protocols. The standardisation of the protocol across all its
layers, including those that provide terminal emulation and file transfer, allows different
makes of computing equipment to exist and communicate with each other on the same
cable.
7.1 PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM (PCS)
The PCS consoles will be used by the operators to monitor and control process and utility
facilities plus equipment packages, including sequencing, start up, including starting or
stopping motors, adjustment of control settings and the monitoring of major equipment.

The ICSS will provide the operator with all the necessary interfaces to efficiently and safely
operate the process and utilities from the CCR. The interfaces will include but not be
limited to:
• Alarm Annunciation (including repeats of ESD/F&G events)
• Monitoring of variables
• Supervisory control & monitoring of equipment.
• Control and monitoring of process, utility and heating, ventilating and air conditioning
systems.

The operator will be able to execute all normal control operations from ICSS operator
control console, including starting and stopping motors, adjustment of control settings and
the monitoring of main equipment.

Typically the following operations are NOT foreseen as being executed from the ICSS
operator control console:

• Main Power Generator Gas Turbine run-up sequencing & combustion controls and
Generator synchronisation sequences & electrical controls (executed from the
UCP). Facilities should be provided in the UCP to allow the remote initiation of the
starting, stopping and auto-synchronisation sequences by the ICSS.

• Gas Export and LP/MP Compressor starting & Anti-Surge control (executed from
the UCP). Facilities shall be provided in the UCP to allow for remote start
permissives and the remote initiation of the starting and stopping sequences by the
ICSS.

Throughput of the compressor packages will be regulated by the package control to

maintain a set point provided by the ICSS. Future control of the load sharing
between compressors shall be by the package control system.

The PCS will display machinery monitoring data for all rotating equipment packages at the
ICSS operator consoles. The PCS will transmit all rotating equipment package related
operating and process data (i.e. process pressures, temperatures, etc.) to the Rotating
Equipment Monitoring and Data Acquisition System. Machinery monitoring data (vibration,
axial displacement, etc.) will be transmitted direct from the monitors to the Rotating
Equipment Monitoring and Data Acquisition System via a single Ethernet link

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7.2 HVAC CONTROLS

7.2.1 HVAC Controls

Control of the HVAC shall be performed by the ICSS specifically the PCS, or, in the case of
onshore facilities, a dedicated HVAC panel in each building and shall be responsible for the
control and monitoring of the following :
• Fans.
• Heaters.
• HVAC Control Dampers
• Pressure Dampers
• Humidity
7.2.3 Fire & Gas Tight Dampers
Fire & Gas Tight Dampers shall be controlled directly by the F&G System and position
indication shall be provided in the CCR via the ICSS operator console.

7.3 EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SYSTEM (ESD)

The ESD System is essential to meeting the Safety requirements of the installation.
The equipment package protection and shutdown system will be either contained within a
package UCP or within the ESD, as defined in the package requisition.

SIL 1,2 and 3 will be implemented within the ESD system. The F&G system may also be
required to implement SIL 1, 2 and 3 functions.

The ESD System will use 'fail safe' technology. Loss of power, system failure or
malfunction will result in shutdown.

Reliability is a prime requirement of trip systems. Every effort shall be made to ensure that
the system functions correctly and is free from spurious shutdowns. Nevertheless, each
component of a trip system shall be incorporated in such a way that the system will go to
the 'safe' position in the case of a component failure.

The ESD system will also provide all control of blow-down valves. The control facilities
being located on the operator interface in the CCR.

Initiating devices for, and Emergency Shutdown & Blow-down valves activated by, the ESD
System shall be dedicated only to that service.

IPS hardware and system software, versions and releases, shall be evaluated and certified
by TUV.

IPF reviews shall be conducted as necessary during the IPS life cycle in accordance with
the Facility IPF Management plan, IPF Classification, Implementation and Test interval
Studies.

IPS maximum cycle time shall be 300 ms.

All measurement devices, trip initiating contacts and circuitry logic systems and final trip
actuating circuits and devices (including actuated valves) for SIL 1, 2 & 3 shall be
hardwired and completely separate from the normal control and alarm systems.

All components of a trip system shall be energised under normal operating conditions and
the contacts of initiating devices shall be closed under normal operating conditions. Open
contact or loss of power shall result in the system going to a 'safe' position.

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The ESD System will be provided with centralised monitoring facilities and the means to
perform executive actions, apply and remove inhibits and overrides from the operator
console in the CCR. Indication of individual override status will be provided in the CCR on
the operator console. A means will be provided in the CCR to remove all overrides for an
entire system or a plant area in an emergency situation by the use of a single push-button
or keyswitch.

The ESD System shutdown logic will contain start-up override facilities, which will be
initiated from the CCR and will be reset automatically when the quiescent process condition
is reached within a pre-set time. Should the normal operating condition not be met in the
time period then the shutdown action will occur for that specified abnormal condition.

Cause-and-effect diagrams shall be prepared to define the requirements for shutdown of

the process and utility systems when abnormal conditions occur.

The trip system shall use either the uninterruptible single-phase ac or, if available, the dc
supply.

Outputs for solenoid valves or switchgear relays shall be hermetically sealed with gold-
plated contacts rated for 2.0A at 30V dc. Relay coils shall be fitted with surge suppression
diodes. If metal can type relays are used, the cans shall be earthed.

Where justified by the number of inputs/outputs and/or the complexity of the logic system,
either of the following techniques may be considered:
• Systems which incorporate self-checking logic and which utilise hard-wired solid-
state circuits
• A programmable logic controller (PLC).

In all cases each input shall have a conditioning unit to provide filtering and to eliminate
spurious initiation due to contact bounce or other short-duration intermittent/transient
conditions. A trip initiation shall not be executed until the input signal (opening contact) has
been present for at least 50 milliseconds. Longer delays may be provided to avoid
spurious trips due to transient conditions.

Variable time delay relays may be provided in the input circuitry for those monitored
conditions, which do not result in a dangerous situation when the abnormal state is of a
short duration. The setting of the time delay shall match the characteristics of the process.

7.3.1 Operator/Maintenance Facilities

In addition to the general facilities for the automatic operation of trip systems a number of
special facilities may be required for operational or maintenance purposes. The
requirements for these special facilities are dependent on the type of equipment being
protected.

Operational Facilities
Typically these facilities will include start-up bypasses, manual trips, manual reset, etc.

Start-up bypass shall be applied only to the inputs affected by the specific
process/equipment condition, all other channels being left fully operational. The start-up
bypass shall automatically cancel when the process/equipment condition becomes
normal or after a time delay that will be set in value to match the characteristic of the
process/equipment condition being monitored. The operation of the start-up bypass
shall be displayed at ICSS consoles.

Manual tripping switches shall be of the mechanically latching push-and-turn type reset
with indication and protection to prevent accidental operation e.g. flap-guards.

Systems or equipment simply requiring an ICSS "permit to start" may be reset remotely
and the system shall be designed to accept a remote reset command signal.

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Maintenance Facilities
Typically these facilities will include maintenance over-rides, on-stream testing, etc.

Except when the alternative arrangement of three independent voted channels is

provided or shutting down the protected unit does not adversely impact the availability of
the facility, maintenance override facilities shall be provided for all process inputs except
manual trips on an individual basis to allow on-stream testing, maintenance on the input
circuitry and/or re-adjustment of the set-point.

Overrides shall be applied by activating the shutdown unit maintenance override

permissive keyswitch after which the maintenance override can be set from the ICSS
workstation. For packages with stand-alone shudown systems the override facilities will
be at the UCP. Removal of the maintenance override permissive keyswitch will remove
all overrides for that shutdown unit.

Actuation of the maintenance override shall only defeat the trip function being
maintained and not the associated alarm or any other trip. Indication of of switch and
bypassed element status shall be displayed at the ICSS consoles (and UCP).

All components of a trip system shall be capable of being tested 'in-situ'. Except for the
final shutdown device(s), facilities shall be provided to enable all the components to be
tested without shutting the package down.

Partial closure testing of ESD valves will be achieved as follows:

Each ESD shutdown unit will have a test permissive keyswitch which when activated will
allow the operator to select a valve for test via the ICSS operator workstation.
Selection of a valve will set the relevant ESD logic to the valve test mode. The test is
activated by a push button located in the field adjacent to the valve. On completion of
the test, which is logged on the PCS, the operator will de-select the valve that has been
tested & remove the keyswitch permissive.
7.3.2 I/O Card Status Diodes
Typically colours of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) shall be as follows:

Description Status Warning

Input signal status Red Input is abnormal/trip
Start-up bypass Amber Input is bypassed
Line fault Red Fault on input circuit
Computer input/logic output Red Computer/Logic fault
Relay status Green Relay in normal operating state
Supply available Amber Supply voltage healthy
Override On Red Override switch in override position
Tripped/abnormal Red Input/Output in tripped state
Healthy/normal Green Input/Output in healthy state

A LED test facility shall be provided.

7.3.3 Final Control Elements

Trip functions shall, as appropriate, operate shutdown valves installed in the appropriate
process or utility piping (via a suitable solenoid valve) or shut down electric equipment (via
interposing relays to the motor starter circuit).

Each solenoid valve shall be separately fused and have surge suppression diodes fitted
across the coil.

Modulating control valves shall not be used for shutdown purposes . However an
additional measure of safety may be provided by tripping a modulating control valve in
addition to operating the emergency valve to meet SIL 2 requirements.

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7.4 HIGH INTEGRITY PRESSURE PROTECTION SYSTEM (HIPPS)

Where it is identified that a High Integrity Pressure Protection System (HIPPS) is required it
shall comprise of an instrumented system independent of the alarm and trip system,
provided to isolate the piping and equipment from a pressure source.

HIPPS systems shall be designed “fail safe” such that the system will revert to a pre-
determined safe state in the event of a failure of any part of the system. These include:
• Loss of power to any of the components
• Break or rupture of instrument air piping or cabling
• Loss of hydraulic pressure
• Failure of 2 channels in a 2oo3 arrangement or failure of 1 channel in a 1oo2
arrangement

Each HIPPS shall be functionally separate from any other safeguarding system but may be
interfaced with the PCS via digital communication links. Malfunction of these
communications links shall not affect the safety integrity of the system.

The use of dedicated maintenance and/or operational overrides is not permitted. For 2ooN
(N>2) voting systems, maintenance/testing of one channel should be interpreted by the
system as that channel being in the trip mode.

Signals from HIPPS field devices and other safety systems shall not be combined into
common multicore cables. Dedicated field cables from HIPPS field devices shall be directly
terminated on the HIPPS control cubicle/cabinet and shall not be routed via a common
marshalling facility.

Diversity of components is required within each HIPPS to alleviate the possibility of

common failures resulting in unavailability of the system. Typically transmitters will be from
the same vendor but valves, solenoid valves etc. will be from different vendors.

The system integrity of the HIPPS is directly related to the design test frequency of the total
system. Functional testing of the system is therefore required to verify and maintain the
system integrity and to detect normally unrevealed failures.

Reliability and Availability calculations shall be produced for each separate HIPPS.
7.5 ALARM & ANNUNCIATION SYSTEMS
Alarm annunciation system input circuits shall be normally energised, i.e. input contacts go
to open-circuit to initiate an alarm.

Alarm sequences will be in accordance with ISA S18-1

The output circuitry for operating the audible alarm shall be by means of a relay with
double-pole contacts suitable for an inductive load of 0.4A at 230V ac. or 4A at 24V dc.
7.5.1 Operating Sequences
The following sequences shall be used for alarm displays:
• Alarm only: Code F2A in ISA S18-1
• Alarm with first-up facilities: Code F3A in ISA S18-1
7.5.2 Lamp/Window Colours
• Alarm Amber
• Trip Red
• Switch in override position Amber
• Valve open, motor running Green
• Valve closed, motor stopped Yellow
• Permissive Blue
• Spare Window White

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7.6 FIRE AND GAS CONTROL SYSTEM (F&G)

All areas of each facility will be monitored by a fire and gas detection system. This system
will provide warnings to defined control points and will automatically raise specific alarm
warnings. In defined cases the F&G System will activate protective systems; i.e. fire water
deluge, and initiate equipment shutdowns via the ESD System.

The F&G Control System will be capable of monitoring and initiating protection systems
either automatically or manually:

The F&G Control System will be capable of monitoring the following F&G detecting
devices:
• Gas Detectors
• Heat Detectors
• Smoke Detectors
• Flame Detectors
• Manual Call Points

The F&G Control System will report and display, via the ICSS operator consoles, the status
and any alarm signals from the F&G detection and protection systems and gas
concentrations, on a fire zone basis, including monitoring the equipment for fault conditions.
Reporting will discriminate between single and two or more detections.

The F&G Control System will initiate the following protection systems either automatically
or manually:

• Extinguishant Release
• Fire Pumps
• Electrical Isolation via ESD System
• Process Shutdown via ESD System
• Status Lights and GPA Alarms via Telecoms
• Fire dampers.

The F&G Control System will interface with the ESD System to initiate the following actions:
• Process Shutdown Levels
• Equipment Shutdowns
• Electrical Isolations.

Inhibits and overrides on the F&G systems will be performed from the CCR. Individual
override status will be provided at the ICSS operator console.

The number, type and location of fire and gas detectors used for fire zone will take into
account the types of combustible material, hazardous area status, operating performance,
speed of response and the environmental conditions as well as existing operational
experience and the requirements for maintenance and calibration.
Manual alarm call points shall be provided throughout the platforms to initiate alarms.

To minimise compatibility problems between the sensors and the input cards, the detectors
that interface to the main Fire and Gas system will be provided by the F&G system supplier
and free-issued to the package supplier for mounting and cabling to the skid marshalling
box. Typically these will be the sensors that monitor the internal air spaces & equipment of
acoustic or weatherproof enclosures and/or their ventilation systems plus the combustion
air intake sensors. Additionally the system will monitor the status of associated self-
contained systems, which use their own dedicated detectors, such as those used for
turbine protection and fire pumps.

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For further details refer to facility specific Fire & Gas System Design Philosophy.

7.7 ROTATING EQUIPMENT MONITORING AND DATA ACQUISITION

Rotating equipment packages will each be provided with a Machinery Condition Monitoring
System, which will interface to a Rotating Equipment Monitoring and Data Acquisition
System at each facility. Each facility system will in turn interface with a project wide
system.
Machinery monitoring requirements and interfaces are defined in specification:
1000-S-90-37-S-4024-00 ‘Specification for Rotating Machinery Monitoring Equipment.

8. TELECOMMUNICATIONS
The project telecommunications systems requirements are defined in specifications:
1000-S-74-71-S-5002 Telecommunications Systems Specification’.

9. WELLHEAD CONTROL SYSTEM

The Wellhead Control Systems (WCS) will provide stand-alone control of the Production
Wing Valves (PWVs), Upper Master Valves (SSVs) and Sub-Surface Safety Valves
(SSSVs).

Each WCS will comprise stainless steel wellhead control panels, with pneumatic and
hydraulic controls, plus hydraulic power packs. Also included will be wellhead pressure
measurement, sand probes on producing wells, plus interfaces to both the relevant
PCS/PSD and ESD systems for well status and well shutdown commands. The wellhead
control panels will be located in the Wellbay Area.

Wellhead control panels will use a retractable drawer type system, to allow flexible
allocation of well slots. Each drawer unit will control an individual well. Removable
blanking plates will be included to cover unused drawers. The physical arrangement of
each WCS, with respect to using one combined panel or several separate panels, will be
decided during the Project Definition phase.

It is currently envisaged that all the wellhead valves and Sub-Surface Safety Valves will be
hydraulically actuated. Motive power for these valves will be derived from dual redundant
electric or pneumatically driven hydraulic pumps. Additional backup will be provided from a
hand driven hydraulic pump.

The Wellhead control panels will be equipped with electric space heaters, to help prevent
freezing of the pneumatic circuits. In addition, electric heaters will be fitted to the hydraulic
oil tanks, to help prevent high viscosity effects, particularly after prolonged shutdown and
during a black start.

Hydraulic oil selection and wellhead control system design will take into account both the
low ambient temperatures and both the high and low down-hole temperatures likely to be
experienced.

Each flow line will be fitted with a sand probe, connected to the PCS/PSD.

Various wellhead control system alarms and status signals will be transmitted to the PCS.
Fault monitoring of various key parameters will be provided

10. PACKAGED EQUIPMENT CONTROL PANELS

10.1 UNIT CONTROL PANELS

The Unit Control Panel (UCP) for each package shall include all the machine control
functions, start-up and shutdown logic, condition monitoring equipment and machine
protective systems. The Gas Compressor UCPs shall also include their anti-surge
controllers master performance controller and provision for future load sharing.

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UCP’s shall typically be connected to the ICSS by three levels of interface :

• Hardwired Signals - Trips, Critical Controls, Permissives and Interlocks.
• Duplex/Simplex Serial Signals - Operational data and alarms.
• TCP/IP Network Data - Functional Interface to UCP (generally read only). See 7.0
above.

The ICSS shall interface with other systems via either “Open” interfaces supporting DDE
and OPC (OLE for Process Control) or Serial Links.

The ICSS shall utilise all interfaces in simplex or dual configurations as required to gather
data from the UCPs to enable the CCR Operator to view all necessary indications and
equipment status to effectively monitor and control the equipment.

The ICSS shall utilise the TCP/IP network connections to the UCPs to enable the CCR
operator to view detailed status of the UCP. This interface shall enable the Operator to
gain the functionality of the local UCP System and provide for supervision, control and
monitoring facilities at the CCR.

The UCPs shall time tag data at source and, where practical, this shall be to the same
resolution as the ICSS. First up alarm indication shall also be provided.

Each UCP shall be connected to the ESD via hardwired links, to enable the machine to be
shutdown as required by the Shutdown Philosophy.

If the machine has its own stand-alone F&G system, this shall be connected via hardwired
signals to the platform F&G for monitoring and control action purposes.

Each UCP shall be fitted with anti-condensation heaters.

11. LOCAL CONTROL PANELS

The use of Local Control Panels (LCP’s) shall be strictly limited in the design to those items
of equipment, which are required to be autonomous or for which a degree of local control is
desirable. Such a panel could be for a valve with local test facilities or wellhead controls.

The main equipment having LCP’s shall be the Fire Pumps, Emergency Power Generator
and Air Compressor. These have to offer complete autonomy both for emergency
conditions and for a black start of the platform. This equipment may therefore be started
locally and operated without reliance on the ICSS.

Where a local panel is required for grouping together a number of local instruments or
simple controls the following requirements shall apply.

Each local panel shall be fitted with anti-condensation heaters and internal lighting.

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12. PANEL CONSTRUCTION

12.1 GENERAL
Panels shall be completely piped, wired, assembled and furnished complete with all
necessary instruments, nameplates, switches, push-buttons, lights, terminals, supports,
trunking, supply distribution, extension cords, etc.

Panels shall be fitted with internal lighting and thermostatically controlled heaters.

Panels, which may be located in areas subjected to water-mist fire,deluge or CO2

protection, shall be weatherproof to IP 65 as defined by IEC 60529.

Panels, cabinets or consoles located in equipment rooms (MER / FAR / LER) and CCR
which have a controlled HVAC environment shall be IP 42.

Unless otherwise agreed, local panels shall be mounted on the package base in such a
location and in such a manner as to provide operation and maintenance access to all items
mounted on the panel and also not to interfere with maintenance access to other
equipment in the package.

There shall be no direct process connections to enclosed instrument panels.

Locations of panels and controls to be agreed with the Purchaser.

Electric cable and pneumatic tubing between skid-mounted junction boxes and remote-
mounted panels will be supplied by the Purchaser.

Cable entry for skid mounted local panels shall be through the bottom.

Cable entry for Unit Control Panels installed in the MER (Offshore) or LER (Onshore) will
be defined in the package requisition.

12.2 EQUIPMENT ROOM LAYOUT

The arrangement and location of panels located in the main equipment room shall ensure
access to all other adjacent panels and equipment, also that opening a panel door does not
impede safe access to, nor obstruct safety or escape routes.
12.3 MECHANICAL
Skid mounted panels shall be constructed from stainless steel to AISI 316 for all parts
except internal secondary structures, which may be to AISI 304.

Panels located in the equipment rooms may be offered in pre-galvanised mild steel,
finished with the Supplier's standard offshore paint scheme, for the Purchaser's
consideration at the tender stage. External finish colour shall be Light Grey (RAL 7032).
Internal finish colour shall be Matt White.

Panels located in the equipment room shall be a maximum of 800mm deep. If the panel is
formed from a number of cabinets bolted together they shall be assembled on to one
common plinth and shipped as one assembly.

Plastic type components manufactured from flame-retardant, non-hygroscopic, non-

tracking materials may be offered for minor supports and internal secondary structures.

Each panel or cabinet shall be equipped with a minimum of two lifting eyes, certified for
lifting weights in excess of the final assembly.

All panel assemblies shall be provided with anti-vibration mountings at all attachment points
to the floor, wall, skid etc.

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Panels shall be rear and/or front access via hinged doors, as defined in the package
requisition.

Panel sections up to 800 mm wide should have a single hinged door. The width of the door
shall not exceed 750 mm. Enclosures wider than 800 mm shall have multiple doors each a
maximum of 750 mm wide. Doors shall have heavy-duty type non-galling 316, or better,
stainless steel lift-off hinges and latches.

All internal components of control panels shall be securely mounted and fixed to prevent
damage during shipment and installation and, to minimise vibration in service. Internal
tubing shall be neatly dressed and supported in electrically insulating stand-off clamps.

Instruments and related equipment shall be installed in such a way that they are easily
accessible for maintenance adjustment, removal or replacement. Type numbers and other
markings shall be clearly visible from both front and back.

Any instruments with direct connections to process fluids should be grouped in a separate
panel, located on the package skid. However, a panel with a separate compartment may
be provided subject to Purchaser approval. Piping to these instruments shall not traverse
the other compartment(s) of the panel.

The Supplier shall group the connections to the panel into process, pneumatic, hydraulic,
electric power, electric control and intrinsically safe connections.
12.4 ELECTRICAL
The Supplier shall supply all sundries and install and wire all electrical equipment,
instrumentation and accessories. The instrument panel shall be complete and ready for
site connection to power, earthing and in/ out-going field cables.

If required the panel will be provided with two 100% rated 230V ac power supplies from the
facilities secure electrical supply system. Means of isolating each individual incoming
power supply shall be provided. The switches shall be of two pole, padlockable type and
shall be placed within the panel enclosure. Should the Supplier’s equipment require other
voltage levels, the panel shall be provided with dual redundant power supplies and all
power distribution and sub-circuit over-current protection.

Identification sleeves shall be fitted to each end of all wiring runs and shall be inscribed with
the instrument tag number and terminal number.

All terminations shall be of the crimped-pin type utilising a proprietary crimping tool
acceptable to the Purchaser; except where instruments are provided with screw-type
terminals when the wire ends shall be provided with crimped-on spade lugs.

Only one core shall be terminated in a terminal. Where more than one core requires
terminating propriety comb type links inserted on the panel side of the terminal strip shall
be used.

Removable blank gland plates shall be provided for incoming and outgoing field cables.
Cable clamps shall be supplied for the support of field and interconnecting cables. Where
screwed entries are required they shall be threaded ISO 1.5 mm (size to be confirmed at
drawing approval size). 25% spare capacity shall be supplied for all entries into terminal
boxes, gland plates and clamps. The detachable un-drilled gland plates provided for the
Purchaser's cable shall be designed such that they may be detached and drilled on site
without disconnection of any Supplier cabling.

All screens and spare cores shall be connected at terminals and provision shall be made
for the termination of all spare cores in Purchaser’s interconnecting multicore cables.
There shall be 25% spare terminals in excess of this requirement.

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SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

Panels shall be furnished with "Klippon" terminals, type SAKR or equal. 25% spare
capacity shall be provided. Terminal strips and blocks shall be in single layers. Suitable
removable link terminals shall be provided where linking is necessary. Looping wire shall
not be used for this purpose.

A copper grounding bar of minimum cross-sectional area 75 mm2 shall be provided for the
ac supply system. Suitable straps minimum of 2.5 mm2 cross-section shall be provided for
earthing the doors. A similar separate grounding bar arrangement is required for dc and for
signal circuits; these bars shall be electrically isolated from panel metal work.

External connectors for the Purchaser's ground connection shall be provided by the panel
Supplier and dimensioned to take 10 mm2 bare stranded copper cable through a solderless
connection.

All instrumentation specified to be grounded in the loop diagrams shall be connected to the
grounding bar by direct wiring from the instrument terminal.

Intrinsically safe circuits, wiring, terminals, interface units, grounding and power supply
units, shall be grouped together on a separate terminal rail. A mechanical barrier shall be
provided between intrinsically safe and other electrical equipment.

All wiring shall be separated by duty and by voltage level. The respective terminal blocks
shall be similarly grouped.

Intrinsically safe wiring, trunking and terminals shall be coloured blue.

Panel internal wiring should be run in trunking of flame retardant, non-hygroscopic, non-
tracking material, flame-retardant materials may be substituted if suitable flame-retardant
trunking is not obtainable. Ducts should have slotted sides with plain 'snap-on' covers and
be sized to allow 50% additional cable. Power cables shall be suitably identified and
segregated from signal cables. Wiring from trunking to instruments should be neatly run
and clipped together using plastic strapping or plastic covered clips. Metallic cleats are not
acceptable.

All internal cabling shall use flame-retardant, low-smoke, zero-halogen insulation materials.

Terminals carrying voltages higher than 48 Volts shall be protected against accidental
contact with removable cover plates and be labelled to indicate high voltage.

13. INSTALLATION

13.1 INSTRUMENT INSTALLATION

The installation of instrumentation and associated equipment shall comply with the relevant
sections of API RP 551.

Instruments, local instrument panels and gauge boards, and their connecting lines and
cables, shall be so arranged as not to interfere with access to, or maintenance of, the
process equipment and shall be protected from mechanical damage.

All field-mounted instrumentation, including junction boxes and in-line equipment, shall be
accessible from a permanent access point. Indicating (and recording) instruments should
be mounted at approximately 1350 mm above grade or walkway level shall be visible from
a convenient location.

Instruments shall be located as near to the point of measurement as practicable and

mounted generally on instrument stands or brackets. Where convenient, on lines of 3-inch
nominal size or larger, which are not subject to vibration, the instrument brackets may be
supported from the line. On smaller lines, the instruments shall be separately supported

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from the base-frame on local gauge boards/or racks. Pressure gauges, where used, may
be line mounted.

Instrument locations shall be selected to minimise the effects of vibration from adjacent
equipment.

Where conditions prevent local mounting due to inaccessibility or high process vibration,
lines shall be run to avoid mutual contact with plant and structure. Tubing clamps shall be
of electrically insulating materials. Tubing in excess of 1000 mm in length should be
supported every 1000 mm.

Care shall be taken to avoid the possibility of corrosion being caused by the interaction of
dissimilar metals.

Drain and Vent points on all in-line equipment shall be provided with a blind flange.
Screwed plugs are not acceptable on hydrocarbon services and may only be fitted on utility
services where permitted under the piping specification.

Drain and Vent points on expanding gate and double block & bleed (DB&B) valves shall be
provided with a valve where DB&B isolation is being provided.

For threaded connections the following shall apply:

• Threaded pipe shall have a minimum wall thickness of Sch.80 for sizes up to 2 in
NB, and Schedule 40 for 3 in and 4 in NB;
• All threads shall be NPT tapered unless otherwise agreed by the Purchaser, and
shall be clean cut and concentric with the OD of the pipe. Female thread ends shall
be de-burred by reaming;
• Threaded joints shall be thoroughly cleaned, PTFE (Teflon) paste applied to the
male thread and the joint made up tight.
• Threads shall not be seal-welded;

Fasteners
• Studbolts shall be used in preference to capscrews or bolts wherever possible.
• Studbolts and nuts shall be cadmium plated.
• Threads shall be liberally coated with Dow Molycote 1000 thread lubricant.
Alternative lubricants shall not be used unless approved by the Purchaser.
• Fasteners shall be tightened with torque wrenches on all hydrocarbon piping
systems, and utility systems of 300# rating and above.
• Fasteners shall be tightened to the minimum bolt stress required to achieve gasket
seating loads and the gasket stress required to retain design and hydro-test
pressures.
• Fasteners shall be tightened evenly, and in as close to a diametrically opposite
sequence as possible, to apply uniform stress on the gasket and to avoid distortion
or over-stressing of the gasket, flanges or bolts.

All field-mounted junction boxes shall be rated IP 65 to IEC 60529 and certified EEx e IIB,
T3 as a minimum. Cable entries shall be in the bottom; upward facing cable entries shall
not be used. Junction boxes shall be furnished with "Klippon" terminals, type SAKR or
equal. 25% spare capacity shall be provided. Terminal strips and blocks shall be in single
layers. Suitable removable link terminals shall be provided where linking is necessary.
Looping wire shall not be used for this purpose.

Electronic instruments shall be fitted with an integral junction box having screwed terminals
with cable entries screwed 20 mm ISO pitch 1.5.

Segregation shall be maintained between intrinsically safe signal cables, other signal
cables and electrical power supply/control cables and their junction boxes. All intrinsically
safe signal cables shall be blue sheathed. Minimum segregation between electrical power
cables and instrument cables when running in parallel shall be 500 mm.

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SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

All instrument cabling should conform to the Electrical Requirements for Cables, but in any
event shall use flame-retardant, low-smoke, low-halogen insulation materials.

Emergency stop push-buttons shall be sited to avoid accidental operation, whilst remaining
accessible from platform, deck or walkway.

13.2 HEAT TRACING & INSULATION

Instrumentation shall be suitably protected from the process and the environment. Heat
tracing and/or insulation shall be applied as appropriate.
Heat tracing shall be of the self-regulating type with sufficient rating to be able to heat
impulse lines and instrument bodies to the minimum operating temperature from minimum
ambient temperature prior to a plant start-up.

Where heat tracing is applied, attention should be paid to the following points:
• The tracing shall be so arranged that the instrument can be readily removed without
disturbing the tracing.
• Heating of (long) impulse lines of differential pressure instruments shall be such that
both legs are maintained at the same temperature.
• Insulation shall be applied over all items to be heated without the risk of overheating
the instrument.

Electrical heat tracing shall be selected, designed and installed in accordance with the
Electrical Requirements for Cabling.

Heated enclosures shall be provided for instruments mounted in external areas.

14. INSPECTION AND TESTING

The following inspections and tests, as a minimum, may be witnessed by Purchaser and/or
his representatives, and shall be performed at an agreed time and location.
14.1 INSPECTION
All individual items of instrumentation and associated equipment shall inspected at the
manufacturer's works. The associated documentation shall be submitted and approved
prior to inspection.

Supplier shall perform all necessary ongoing inspection activities in accordance with the
approved Supplier Quality Plan.

The Purchaser's Inspector shall perform the following inspection checks, as required :
• Verify against approved documents that all items have been supplied and
assembled correctly.
• Check equipment for accessibility for operation and maintenance.
• Check appearance, paintwork, dimensions and fixing points against final agreed
drawings.
• Verify that all cables are correctly terminated and that cable / terminal markers and
nameplates correspond to the documentation.
• Verify that calibration certificates / certification for all applicable instrumentation
equipment is available in accordance with Project specifications and requirements.

Verify that hydrostatic pressure test, seat leakage, torque, material, MPI and hazardous
area certificates / certification for all applicable instrumentation equipment, including
impulse lines, is available in accordance with Project specifications and requirements.

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14.2 CASTING AND WELD TESTING AND INSPECTION

The Purchaser reserves the right to inspect visually all pressure containing components
prior to assembly. Any component may be subjected to dye-penetrant or magnetic
inspection at Purchaser's discretion:
• All welds used for pressure retaining purpose shall be 100% radiographed.
• All butt-weld zones shall be 100% magnetic particle or ultrasonically inspected over
a width of 50 mm on both sides before welding.
• Sealing areas within the actuator body shall be completely inspected. Magnetic
particle methods are preferred, although dye-penetrate methods may be used.
• Pressure retaining castings e.g. valve bodies, actuator cylinders for ratings 2500#
ASME and above shall be subject to 100% Radiography. This shall only be carried
out on 5% of the total number (minimum 1 off) of the same type and size
manufactured from the same cast, in the critical areas as specified in ANSI B16.34.
• MPI and Dye-Penetrant shall be carried out on the mounting boss of actuator
gearbox housing.
• Springs for major ESD valve actuators shall be completely inspected by dye-
penetrant examination

Inspection Standards:
ASTM E94 Recommended practice for radiographic testing shall be the procedure used
for radiography for all structural welding and pressurised castings. All
radiographs shall be proved by ASTM E446.
ASTM E446 Reference radiographs for steel castings up to 2 in. (51 mm) in thickness.
Defects in Categories A, B or C shall not exceed the severity level of Class
2. Defects in Categories D, E, F or G are not permitted at all.
ASTM E709 Practice for magnetic particle examination for all pressure retaining and
torque transmitting steel parts and weld undercuts. No surface
discontinuities shall be allowed.
ASTM E165 Recommended practice for liquid penetrant inspection method on all
castings. No surface discontinuities shall be allowed.
ASTM A609 Specification for longitudinal-beam ultrasonic inspection for carbon and low-
alloy steel castings on all pressure retaining and torque transmitting steel
parts. The minimum level of acceptance shall be Quality 1.

14.3 FUNCTIONAL TESTING

14.3.1 Instruments
All individual items of instruments and valves and associated equipment shall be subjected
to a full function and/or calibration test to an approved test procedure prior to dispatch from
the suppliers works. Witnessing of these tests by the Purchaser or a representative shall
be at the Purchasers discretion
14.3.2 Local Control Panels
For local control panels a static wiring check and if practicable a function test shall be
performed against an approved Test Specification and documentation. This shall include
as a minimum, power & earthing system checks for continuity and isolation/insulation
integrity and point to point wiring checks.
14.3.3 Plant Installation
Installed Instruments, valves, associated equipment, cabling, tube and fittings shall be
subjected to the following checks and inspection prior to commencement of pre-
commissioning activities:
• Verify instrument locations against Instrument layout drawings.
• Verify that all cables are correctly terminated and that cable / terminal markers and
cable markers correspond to the drawings.
• Check equipment for accessibility for operation and maintenance.
• Verify that all impulse tube, pipe and fittings are correctly installed and correspond to
the drawings.

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• Conduct soapy water test on all pneumatic tube installations.

14.4 VALVES AND ACTUATORS
The actuator shall be inspected visually to ensure that the general engineering and paint
finish is satisfactory and that lubricants and corrosion protection have been applied
correctly. Should it be necessary to complete this inspection prior to final assembly of the
actuator the Supplier shall be required to notify the Purchaser a minimum of one week in
advance.

Before assembly of major ESD valve actuators the spring force of each individual spring
can shall be measured and recorded at the open and closed position. This shall be used for
performance monitoring over the actuator's life, therefore each spring housing will require a
unique serial number. This number shall be recorded on the test certificates.

Test requirements will be specified in the requisition and as a minimum will include the
following:
14.4.1 Actuator testing
The following tests shall be carried out by the actuator manufacturer and witnessed by the
Purchaser.
• Cycle Tests
• Static Torque Curve Test
• Pressure Test (1.5 times maximum supply pressure)

14.4.2 Actuator/Valve Assembly Tests & Inspections

The complete valve, actuator and control system shall be witnessed function tested.
Function Tests shall include:
a) Speed of opening with maximum and minimum supply pressure.
b) Speed of closing under spring load (or with max. and min. supply pressure for non
spring return actuators).
c) Leakage tests on controls and actuator.

Stall test to demonstrate that with the valve jammed the maximum actuator output does not
damage the stem and drive train.
14.5 RELIEF VALVES
All relief valves shall be tested for seat tightness in full accordance with API 527, and the
results of such tests shall form part of the certification requirements. For gas, vapour and
air service, the test medium shall be air. For liquid service, the test medium shall be water.
Where the configuration of the valve precludes tests to API 527, the supplier shall formally
propose alternative testing procedures for acceptance by the Purchaser.
14.6 QA REQUIREMENTS
Suppliers will be requested to provide details of their QA systems and procedures when
responding to the enquiry requisition.

The specific QA and documentation requirements for each instrument will be defined in the
enquiry and purchase requisition and will include, as a minimum where applicable,
drawings, data sheets, schedules, passports, C of G, calculations, test data, manuals,
hazardous area and material certificates.

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15. INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS TYPICAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

TELECOMMUNICATIONS BACK-BONE

FLOW PIPELINE
SCADA
LEAKAGE
MEASUREMENTS SYSTEM SYSTEM

ROTATING EQUIPMENT
MONITORING AND
DATA ACQUISITION
PROCESS
SYSTEM CONTROL
SYSTEM

MCC
INSTRUMENT
PACKAGES

EMERGENCY FIRE & GAS

SHUTDOWN SYSTEM
SYSTEM

MAJOR MINOR
MECHANICAL MECHANICAL
PACKAGES PACKAGES

FIELD INSTRUMENTS

Hard Wired
Serial Link
Fieldbus

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SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS

APPENDIX A

Standard Drawings:

Drawing Number Drawing Title

1000-S-90-30-D-4001-01 Instrument Name Plates

1000-S-90-35-D-4001-01 Thermometer Assemblies for Mounting in Thermowells
1000-S-90-35-D-4003-01 Bi-metallic Thermometer Assembly
1000-S-90-35-D-4002-01 Thermometer Assemblies for Surface Mounting
Square Edge Flow metering Orifice Plates for ANSI B 16.36 RF
1000-S-90-32-D-4002-01
Orifice Flanges
1000-S-90-30-D-4002-01 Purge Orifice Nipple
1000-S-90-35-D-4006-01 Flanged Thermowell DN40 for ASME Classes Up To 1500 Incl.
1000-S-90-35-D-4007-01 Flanged Thermowell DN40 for ASME Classes Up To 900 Incl.
1000-S-90-32-D-4001-01 Restriction Orifice Plates for ANSI B 16.36 RF Orifice Flanges
1000-S-90-35-D-4008-01 Flanged Thermowell DN50 for ASME Classes up to 2500 Incl.

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APPENDIX B

STANDARDS AND CODES OF PRACTICE APPLICABLE TO INSTRUMENTS-

For Comprehensive Standards Listing refer to 1000-S-90-01-P-0003-00 (BOD)
Number Title

American Gas Association

AGA 9 Measurement of Gas – Ultrasonic Meters

American National Standards Institute

ANSI 16.5 Pipe flanges and Flanged Fittings

ANSI B16.34 Valves, Flanged, Threaded and Welding End

ANSI/ASME B40.1 Gauges - Pressure Indicating Dial Type - Elastic Element

ANSI/ASME B46.1 Surface finish for Flanges

ANSI/FCI 70.2. Quality Control Standard for Control Valve Seat Leakage

ANSI/ISA S84.01 Application of Safety Instrument Systems for the Process Industries

American Petroleum Institute

API (MPMS) Standard Practice for Level Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons in Stationary
(Chapter 3.3) Pressurized Storage
API (MPMS) Conventional Pipe Provers
(Chapter 4.2)
API (MPMS) Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters
(Chapter 5.3)
API (MPMS) Accessory Equipment for Liquid Meters
(Chapter 5.4)
API (MPMS) Lease Automatic Custody Transfer Systems
(Chapter 6.1)
API (MPMS) Pipeline Metering Systems
(Chapter 6.6)
API (MPMS) Natural Gas Fluids Measurement
(Chapter 14)
API 6A Specification for Wellhead and Christmas tree equipment
Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Electrical Systems for Offshore
API RP 7
Production Platforms
Recommended Practice for Analysis, Design, Installation, and Testing of Basic Safety
API RP 14C
Systems for Offshore Production Platforms (Sixth Edition, March 1998)
Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Electrical Systems for Fixed and
API RP 14F Floating Offshore Petroleum Facilities for Unclassified and Class I, Division 1 and Division
2 Locations (Fourth Edition)
API 17D Subsea Wellhead & Christmas Tree Equipment,
Recommended Practice for Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure-Relieving
API RP 520
Devices in Refineries, Sizing and Selection, Sixth Edition
Recommended Practice for Pressure-Relieving and Depressurizing Systems, Fourth
API RP 521
Edition
API RP 526 Flanged Steel Pressure Relief Valves

API RP 527 Commercial Seat Tightness of Safety Relief Valves with Metal to Metal Seat

API RP 551 Process Measurement Instrumentation

API RP 552 Transmission Systems First Edition

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API RP 553 Refinery Control Valves First Edition

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APPENDIX B continued

STANDARDS AND CODES OF PRACTICE APPLICABLE TO INSTRUMENTS

Number Title

American Petroleum Institute continued ….

API RP 554 Process Instrumentation and Control First Edition

API RP 555 Process Analyzers First Edition

Instrumentation and Control Systems for Fired Heaters and Steam Generators First
API RP 556
Edition
API 598 Testing and Inspection of Valves

API 670 Vibration, Axial-Position, and Bearing Temperature Monitoring Systems, Third Edition

API 2000 Venting Atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage Tanks:

Combustible Gas Detector Systems and Environmental and Factors Influencing Their
API Publ. 2031
Performance
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASME PTC 19.3
ASME PTC (Performance Test Code), Temperature Measurement
Part 3.
American Society for Testing and Materials Standards

ASTM A 269 Standard Specification for seamless and Welded Austenitic SS Tubing

Canadian Standards Authority

CSA C22.2 No.3
Test methods for electrical wires and cables
M1985
Shell DEPs

DEP 32.80.10.10 Classification and implementation of instrumented protective functions

European Standards

EN 10204 Metallic Products - Types of inspection documents

EN 54 Part 1 Components of Automatic Fire Detection Systems - Introduction

EN 54 Part 5 Heat Sensitive Detectors – Point Detectors Containing a Static Element

EN 54 Part 7 Point Type Smoke Detectors

EN 50054 (Superseded)
Instruments for the Detection of Combustible Gasses
by EN 61779-1)
EN 50057 (Superseded
Performance Requirements for Apparatus for the Detection of Combustible Gasses
by EN 61779 –4)
International Electro Technical Committee

IEC 60534-2-1 Flow-capacity – Sizing equations for fluid flow under installed conditions

IEC 60534-2-4 Flow capacity – Section Four – Inherent flow characteristics and rangeability

IEC 60534-4 Inspection and routine testing

IEC 60534-8-3 Noise considerations – Control valve aerodynamic noise prediction method

IEC 60534-8-4 Control valve hydrodynamic noise prediction method

IEC 60584 - 1 Thermocouples, Reference Tables

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APPENDIX B continued

STANDARDS AND CODES OF PRACTICE APPLICABLE TO INSTRUMENTS

Number Title

International Electro Technical Committee continued ….

IEC 60584 - 2 Thermocouples, Tolerances

IEC 60584 - 3 Thermocouples, Extension and Compensating Cables

IEC 60751 Industrial platinum resistance thermometer sensors

IEC 60793 Optical Fibres Product

IEC 60794 Optical Fibres General Specification

IEC 92-375 General Control and Communication Cables

IEC 60034 Rotating electrical machines

IEC 60079 Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres.

IEC 60079 Part 1 Construction and verification test of flameproof enclosures of electrical apparatus

IEC 60079 Part 2 Electrical apparatus, type of protection ‘p’

IEC 60079 Part 7 Increased safety ‘e’

IEC 60079 Part 10 Classification of hazardous areas

IEC 60079 Part 11 Intrinsic safety ‘i’

IEC 60079 Part 14 Electrical installations in hazardous areas

IEC 60079 Part 15 Electrical apparatus with type of protection ‘n’

IEC 60079 Part 18 Encapsulation ‘m’

IEC 60092 Parts 301
Cables (construction, testing and installations)
thru 390
IEC 60331 Tests for electric cables under fire conditions – circuit integrity

IEC 60331 Part 11 Apparatus – Fire alone at a flame temperature of at least 750 o C

IEC 60331 Part 23 Procedures and requirements – Electric data cables

IEC 60332 Tests on electric cables under fire conditions

IEC 60332 Part 1 Test on a single vertical insulated wire or cable

IEC 60332 Part 2 Test on a single small vertical insulated copper wire or cable

IEC 60332 Part 3 Tests on bunched wires or cables

IEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

IEC 60617 Graphical symbols for diagrams.

IEC 60751 Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometer Sensors

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic standards – Immunity for
IEC 61000-6-2
industrial environments

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APPENDIX B continued

STANDARDS AND CODES OF PRACTICE APPLICABLE TO INSTRUMENTS

Number Title

International Electro Technical Committee continued ….

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6: Generic standards – Section 4: Emission
IEC 61000-6-4
standard for industrial environments
IEC 61131-3 Programmable Controllers – Part 3: Programming Languages
Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety – related
IEC 61508
systems
IEEE Standards Local Area Networks

IEEE 802 Local Area Networks Series (Parts 1 –11)

Instrumentation System and Automation Society

Terminology, dimensions and Safety Practices 2, 3 for Indicating Variable Area Meters
ISA RP 16.1,2,3
(Rotameters)
ISA RP 16.6 Methods and Equipment for Calibration of Variable Area Meters (Rotameters)

ISA RP 31.1 Specification, Installation and Calibration of Turbine Flowmeters.

ISA S 5.1 Instrumentation Symbols and Identification

ISA S 5.2 Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations

Graphic Symbols for Distributed Control/Shared Display Instruments, Logic and Control
ISA S 5.3
systems
ISA S 5.5 Graphic Symbols for Process Displays

ISA S 18-1 Specification and Guides for the use of General Purpose Annunciators

ISA S 75 Control Valves

International Standards ISO

ISO /DIS 11064-1 Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 1: Principles for the design of control centres

ISO /DIS 11064-2 Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 2: Principles of control suite arrangement

ISO /DIS 11064-3 Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 3: Control room layout

ISO 2714 Displacement Meter Systems

ISO 2715 Turbine Meter Systems

ISO 5167 Specification for square-edged orifice plates, nozzles and venturi tubes

ISO 6385 Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems

ISO 6718 Specifications for bursting Disc devices

ISO 6817 Flow measurement using electromagnetic flow-meters

ISO 7731, Danger Signals for Work Places – Auditory Danger signals

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APPENDIX B continued

STANDARDS AND CODES OF PRACTICE APPLICABLE TO INSTRUMENTS

Number Title

National Association of Corrosion Engineers

NACE MR-0175: Sulphide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment (if required)

National Fire Prevention Association

NFPA 20 Standards for installation of stationary fire pumps for fire protection

NFPA 496 Standard for Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for Electrical Equipment 1998 Edition

Russian State Regulations

Safety Rules for Exploration and Development of USSR Offshore Oil and Gas Fields

Safety Rules for Oil and Gas Industry (RF Gosgortekhnadzor, RD 08-200-98)

GOST 12.1.003-83 Noise, General Safety requirements

GOST 12.1.010-76 Blast Protection. General Requirements

GOST P51330.9-99 Blast Proof Electrical Equipment, Part 10. Classification of Explosive Zones

Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)

International Convention of Safety of Life at Sea

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