MODULE-III

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SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT
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Noushad. K

Assistant Professor

Department of Civil Engineering

MEA Engineering College, Perinthalmanna

Email: [email protected]

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 3.1 INTRODUCTION
Beam : A horizontal structural member subjected to a system of external loads at right angle to its
axis

3.1.1 Types of supports

Hinged support: Beam is free to rotate but the translational movements are not possible (in Fig: 1
(a) support at A)

Roller support : Both rotation and translational movements is possible (in Fig: 1 (a) support at B)

Fixed support: Both rotation and translational movements are not possible (in Fig: 1 (b) support
at C and D)

Fig: 1
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3.1.2 Beams based on the support given
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Cantilever beam..............................................
: A beam fixed at one end and the other end is free having no support. Two
reaction component at the fixed end: A vertical reaction and a moment (in Fig: 2 (a) and Fig: 3(a))
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Propped Cantilever: If the cantilever beam is supported at the free end, it is called as propped
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cantilever. Two reaction component at the fixed end: A vertical reaction and a moment (in Fig: 2
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(b))

Simply supported beam: The beams which are made to freely rest on supports. The reactions at
two ends are vertical (in Fig: 2 (c) and Fig: 3(b))

Over hanging beams: The beam which has overhanging either at one end or at both ends (in Fig:
2 (d))

Fixed beams : The beam which is fixed at both its ends. Two reaction component at both the
fixed end: A vertical reaction and a moment (in Fig: 2 (e) and Fig: 3©)

Continuous beams: The beam which is provided with more than two supports (in Fig: 2 (f) and
Fig: 3(d))

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 Fig: 2

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Fig: 3

3.2 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT

Shear force: Algebraic sum of all the vertical forces either to the left or to the right of the section

Bending Moment: Algebraic sum of the moment of all he forces either to the left or to the right
of the section

Sign Convention

For shear force: A clock wise shear is taken as positive and an anti-clock wise shear taken as
negative

For Bending moment: A sagging bending moment (concavity upward) is taken as positive and a
hogging bending moment (convexity upward) is taken as negative

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 3.3 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
Shear force diagram: A diagram showing the variations of the shear forces along the length of
the beam

Bending Moment diagram: A diagram showing the variations of the bending moment along the
length of the beam

3.4 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM –FOR

CANTILEVER

(i) Cantilever of length l carrying a concentrated load W at the free end.

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Figure below shows the cantilever with the load and corresponding reactions at the support
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Consider a section X at the right hand side, distance of x from the free end

SF

SF at X = +W (it is constant along the length)

BM

BM at X = -Wx (linear variation along the length)

At x = 0 (at B), BM = 0

At x = l (at A), BM = -Wl

Figure below shows the SFD and BMD

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(ii) Cantilever carrying several concentrated loads
Cantilever AE is 2 m long and is subjected to the forces as shown

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Figure below shows the cantilever with the load and corresponding reactions at the support
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Considering all sections at the right hand side

At any section between D and E, distance x from E

SF

SF = + 500 N

BM

BM = -500x (linear variation)

At x = 0, BM = 0

At x = 0.5 m, BM = -500 x 0.5 = -250 Nm

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At any section between C and D, distance x from E
SF
SF = + 500 + 800 = + 1300 N
BM
BM = -500x – 800(x – 0.5) (linear variation)

At x = 0.5, BM = -500 x 0.5 – 800(0.5 – 0.5) = -250 Nm

At x = 1 m , BM = -500 x 1 – 800(1 – 0.5) = -900 Nm

At any section between B and C, distance x from E

SF
SF = + 500 + 800 + 300 = + 1600 N
BM
BM = -500x – 800(x – 0.5) – 300(x – 1) (linear variation)

At x = 1, BM = -500 x 1 – 800(1 – 0.5) – 300(1 – 1) = -900 Nm

At x = 1.5 m , BM = -500 x 1.5 – 800(1.5 – 0.5) – 300(1.5 – 1) = -1700 Nm

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At any section between A and B, distance x from E
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SF ..............................................
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SF = + 500 + 800 + 300 + 400 = + 2000 N
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BM .................................................
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BM = -500x – 800(x – 0.5) – 300(x – 1) – 400(x – 1.5) (linear variation)

At x = 1.5, BM = -500 x 1.5 – 800(1.5 – 0.5) – 300(1.5 – 1) – 400(1.5 – 1.5) = -1700 Nm

At x = 2 m , BM = -500 x 2 – 800(2 – 0.5) – 300(2 – 1) – 400(2 – 1.5) = -2700 Nm

Figure below shows the SFD and BMD

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(iii) Cantilever of length l carrying a uniformily distributed load of w per unit
length over the whole length

Figure below shows the cantilever with the load and corresponding reactions at the support

At any section X, distance x from B

SF
SF = + Wx (linear variation)
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At x = 0, SF = +W * 0 = 0
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At x =.............................................
l, SF = +W * l = +Wl
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BM
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𝑥 𝑥2
𝐵𝑀.................................................
= − 𝑊𝑥 2 = −𝑊 2 (Parabolic variation)
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At x = 0, BM = +W x 0 = 0

𝑙2
At x = l, 𝐵𝑀 = −𝑊 2

Figure below shows the SFD and BMD

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(iv) Cantilever of length l carrying a uniformly distributed load of w per unit
length over the whole length and a concentrated load W at the free end

Figure below shows the cantilever with the load and corresponding reactions at the support

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At any section X,..............................................
distance x from B
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SF .............................................
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SF =.....................................................
wx + W (linear variation)

At x = 0, SF = w * 0 + W= W

At x = l, SF = +w * l + W = wl + W

BM

𝑥 𝑥2
𝐵𝑀 = − 𝑤 ∗ 𝑥 ∗ − 𝑊 ∗ 𝑥 = −𝑤 − 𝑊𝑥 (Parabolic variation)
2 2

At x = 0, BM = - W * 0 = 0

𝑙2
At x = l, 𝐵𝑀 = −𝑤 – Wl
2

Figure below shows the SFD and BMD

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 ...............................................
(v) Cantilever of length l carrying a uniformly distributed load of w per unit
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length for a.............................................
distance a from the free end
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Figure below shows the cantilever with the load and corresponding reactions at the support

At any section between D and B, distance x from B

SF
SF = +wx (linear variation)
At x = 0, SF = 0

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 At x = a, SF = +wa
BM
𝑥2
𝐵𝑀 = −𝑤 (Parabolic variation)
2

At x = 0, BM = 0
𝑎2
At x = a, 𝐵𝑀 = −𝑤 2

At any section between D and A, distance x from B

SF
SF = +wa
At x = l, SF = +wa
BM
𝑎
𝐵𝑀 = −𝑤𝑎 (𝑥 − 2) (linear variation)
𝑎 𝑎
At x = a, 𝐵𝑀 = −𝑤𝑎 (𝑎 − 2) = −𝑤 2
𝑎
At x = l 𝐵𝑀 = −𝑤𝑎 (𝑙 − 2)
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Figure below shows the SFD and BMD
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(vi) Cantilever of length l carrying a whose intensity varies uniformily from zero
at free end to w per unit length at the fixed end

Figure below shows the cantilever with the load and corresponding reactions at the support

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𝑥
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The load acting at section X, x distance from free end = 𝑤
𝑙
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At any section between A and B, distance x from B
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SF
1 𝑥 𝑤𝑥 2
SF = Area of loading diagram = + ∗𝑤𝑙 ∗𝑥 = + (Parabolic variation)
2 2𝑙

At x = 0, SF = 0
𝑤∗𝑙2 𝑤𝑙
At x = l, SF = + =+
2𝑙 2

BM

BM = Area of load diagram * Distance of centroid of load diagram from section

𝑤𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑤𝑥 3
BM = − ∗ =− (Cubic variation)
2𝑙 3 6𝑙

At x = 0, BM = 0
𝑤𝑙3
At x = l, BM = − 6𝑙

Figure below shows the SFD and BMD

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(vii) Cantilever of length l carrying a whose intensity varies uniformly from zero
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at fixed end to w per unit length at the free end
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Figure below shows the cantilever with the load and corresponding reactions at the support

It is convenient to find the SF and BM by considering the left part of the section

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To find the vertical reaction at A
ΣV = 0
1
Va - 2 ∗ 𝑤 ∗ 𝑙 = 0
𝑤𝑙
Va = 2

To find the reacting moment at A

ΣM = 0
𝑤𝑙 2𝑙 𝑤𝑙2
Ma - ∗ =
2 3 3

Consider any section x distance from the fixed end

SF
1 𝑤𝑥 𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑥 2
SF = Algebraic sum of all vertical forces = Va - ∗ ∗𝑥 = − (Parabolic
2 𝑙 2 2𝑙
variation)
𝑤𝑙
At x = 0, SF =+
2

𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑙2
At x = l, SF = 2 − 2𝑙 = 0
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BM ..............................................
𝑤𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑤𝑥 3 𝑤𝑙2
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𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑙𝑥
BM = 2 ∗ 𝑥 − 2𝑙 ∗ 3 − 𝑀𝑎 = 2 − 6𝑙 − 3 (Cubic variation)
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𝑤𝑙2
BM = − 3
At x =.............................................
0,
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𝑤𝑙2 𝑤𝑙3 𝑤𝑙2
At x= l, BM = 2 − 6𝑙 − 3 = 0
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Figure below shows the SFD and BMD

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Example

Draw SFD and BMD for the cantilever shown below

Figure below shows the cantilever with the load and corresponding reactions at the support

At any section between D and E, distance x from E

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SF
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SF = + 2.5 kN
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BM .............................................
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BM = -2.5x (linear variation)

At x = 0, Bm = 0

At x = 0.5 m, BM = -2.5 * 0.5 = -1.25 kNm

At any section between C and D, distance x from E

SF

SF = 2.5 + 1(x – 0.5) (linear variation)

At x = 0.5m, SF = 2.5 + 1(0.5 – 0.5) = 2.5 kN

At x = 2.5m, SF = 2.5 + 1(2.5 – 0.5) = 4.5 kN

BM
𝑥−0.5 (𝑥−0.5)2
BM = − 2.5𝑥 − 1(𝑥 − 0.5) ∗ ( ) = −2.5𝑥 − ( ) (Parabolic variation)
2 2

(0.5−0.5)2
At x = 0.5m, BM = − 2.5 ∗ 0.5 − = −1.25 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

(2.5−0.5)2
At x = 2.5m, BM = − 2.5 ∗ 2.5 − = −8.25 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

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At any section between B and C, distance x from E

SF

SF = 2.5 + 1*2 = 4.5 kN

BM

BM = -2.5x – 2(x – 1.5) (linear variation)

At x = 2.5, BM = -2.5*2.5 - 2(2.5 – 1.5) = -8.25 kNm

At x = 4 m, BM = -2.5*4 – 2(4 -1.5) = - 15 kNm

At any section between A and B, distance x from A

SF

SF =Va = + 7.5 kN

BM

BM = +7.5x – Ma = 7.5x – 22.5 (linear variation)

At x...............................................
= 0 (at A), BM = -22.5 kNm
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At x = 1 m (at B), BM = 7.5*1 -22.5 = -15 kNm
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Figure below..............................................
shows the SFD and BMD
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 3.5 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM -
FORSIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS

(i) Simply supported beam carrying a concentrated load at the mid span

Figure below shows the simply supported beam with the load and corresponding reactions at the
support

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At any section between C and B, distance x from B

SF
𝑤
SF = − 2

BM
𝑤
BM = 𝑥 (linear variation)
2

𝑤
At x = 0, BM = ∗0=0
2

𝑤 𝑙 𝑤𝑙
At x = l/2, BM = ∗2=+
2 4

At any section between A and C, distance x from A

SF

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 𝑤
SF = + 2

BM
𝑤
BM = 𝑥 (linear variation)
2

𝑤
At x = 0, BM = ∗0=0
2

𝑤 𝑙 𝑤𝑙
At x = l/2, BM = ∗2=+
2 4

𝑤 𝑤
At section C SF changes from + to −
2 2

The SFD and BMD is shown below

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(ii) Simply supported beam carrying a concentrated load placed eccentrically on the span

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Figure below shows the simply supported beam with the load and corresponding reactions at the
support

At any section between D and B, distance x from B

SF
𝑤𝑎
Sf = − 𝑙

BM
𝑤𝑎
BM = 𝑥 (linear variation)
...............................................
𝑙
..............................................
𝑤𝑎
At x = 0, .............................................
BM = 𝑙 ∗ 0 = 0
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...............................................
𝑤𝑎 𝑤𝑎𝑏
At x = b, BM = 𝑙 ∗ 𝑏 = + 𝑙
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At any section between A and D, distance x from A
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SF
𝑤𝑏
SF = + 𝑙

BM
𝑤𝑏
BM = 𝑥 (linear variation)
𝑙

𝑤𝑏
At x = 0, BM = ∗0= 0
𝑙

𝑤𝑏 𝑤𝑎𝑏
At x = a, BM = ∗𝑎 =+
𝑙 𝑙

𝑤𝑏 𝑤𝑎
At section D, SF changes from + to −
𝑙 𝑙

The SFD and BMD is shown below

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KTUweb.com
 ...............................................
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(iii) Simply ...............................................
supported beam carrying a number of concentrated load on the span
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Figure below shows the simply supported beam with the load and corresponding reactions at the
support

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At any section between E and B, distance x from B

SF

SF = -11 kN

BM

BM = 11x (linear variation)

At x = 0, BM = 0

At x = 2m, BM = 11*2 = 22 kNm

At any section between D and E, distance x from B

SF

SF = -11+ 7 = -4 kN

BM

BM = 11x – 7(x – 2) (linear variation)

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At x = 2 m, BM = 11 * 2 – 7(2 - 2) = 22 kNm
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At x = 4 m, BM = 11*4 – 7(4-2) = 30 kNm
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At any section between C and D, distance x from A
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SF .....................................................

SF = 10 - 4 = 6 kN

BM

BM = 10x -4(x – 1.5) (linear variation)

At x = 1.5 m, BM = 10*1.5 -4(1.5 – 1.5) = 15 kNm

At x = 4 m, BM = 10*4 – 4(4-1.5) = 30 kNm

At any section between A and C, distance x from A

SF

SF = 10 = 10 kN

BM

BM = 10x (linear variation)

At x = 0 m, BM = 10*0 = 0 kNm

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 At x = 1.5 m, BM = 10*1.5 = 15 kNm

The SFD and BMD is shown below

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(iv) Simply supported beam carrying a uniformily distributed load of w per unit length
throughout the whole length

Figure below shows the simply supported beam with the load and corresponding reactions at the
support

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KTUweb.com
At any section between A and B, distance x from B

SF
𝑤𝑙
SF = − + 𝑤𝑥 (linear variation)
2

𝑤𝑙
At x = 0, SF = − 2

𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑙
At x= l, SF = − + 𝑤𝑙 = +
2 2

𝑤𝑙 𝑙
At x= l/2, SF = − + 𝑤2 = 0
2

BM
𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑥 2
BM = 𝑥− (Parabolic variation)
2 2

At x = 0, BM = 0
𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑙2
At x= l, BM = ∗𝑙− =0
2 2

𝑤𝑙 𝑙 𝑤𝑙2 𝑤𝑙2
At x = l/2, BM = 2 ∗ 2 − 8 = + 8
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The SFD and BMD is shown below
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KTUweb.com
(v) Simply supported beam carrying a uniformly distributed load over a part of its span

Figure below shows the simply supported beam with the load and corresponding reactions at the
support

At any section between C and B, distance x from B

SF

SF =...............................................
- 16 kN
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BM
.............................................
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BM = +16x (linear variation)
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At x=.............................................
0, BM = 0
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At x= 5 m, BM = 16*5 = 80 kNm
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At any section between A and C, distance x from A

SF

SF = +56 – 18x (linear variation)

At x = 0, SF = 56 kN

At x = 4m, SF = +56 – 18*4 = -16 kN

BM
𝑥2
BM = 56𝑥 − 18 (Parabolic variation)
2

At x = 0, BM = 0
42
At x = 4m, BM =56 ∗ 4 − 18 = 80 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

SF changes -16 kN to +56kN from C to A. So somewhere SF is zero. To find the location of SF

=0,

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KTUweb.com
SF = +56 – 18x = 0

Solving, we get x = 3.11m from A

At zero SF BM will be maximum

3.112
Maximum BM = 56 ∗ 3.11 − 18 = + 87.11𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

The SFD and BMD is shown below

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(vi) Simply supported beam carrying a uniformly distributed load on intermediate part of span

Figure below shows the simply supported beam with the load and corresponding reactions at the
support

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At any section between D and B, distance x from B

SF

SF = -3200 N

BM

BM = +3200x (linear variation)

At x =0, BM =0

At = x = 3m, BM = +3200*3 = +9600 Nm

At any section between C and D, distance x from B

SF

SF = -3200 +1800(x-3) (linear variation)

At x = 3m, SF = -3200 +1800(3-3) = -3200 N

At x = 7m, SF = -3200 + 1800(7-3) = +4000 N

BM ...............................................
..............................................
1800(𝑥−3)2
3200𝑥 −
BM =.............................................
(Parabolic variation)
2
..............................................
1800(3−3)2
...............................................
At x= 3m, BM = 3200 ∗ 3 − = 9600 𝑁𝑚
2
.............................................
.................................................
1800(7−3)2
At x = 7m, BM = 3200 ∗ 7 − = 8000 𝑁𝑚
.....................................................
2

At any section between A and C, distance x from A

SF

SF = +4000 N

BM

BM = +4000x (linear variation)

At x = 0, BM = 0

At x = 2m, BM = 4000*2 = 8000 Nm

To find the location of SF = 0

SF = -3200 +1800(x-3) = 0

Solving for x, we get x = 4.78 m from B. ie 4.22 m from A

1800(4.78−3)2
BM at SF = 0.(Maximum BM) = 3200 ∗ 4.78 − = 12444.4 𝑁𝑚
2

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The SFD and BMD is shown below

Example: ...............................................
..............................................
Draw SFD and BMD of the simply supported beam shown below
.............................................
..............................................
...............................................
.............................................
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.....................................................

Figure below shows the simply supported beam with the load and corresponding reactions at the
support

At any section between E and B, distance x from B

SF

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 SF = -7 kN

BM

BM = +7x (linear variation)

At x = 0, BM = 0

At x = 3m, BM = 7*3 = 21 kNm

SF at E = -7 + 5 = -2 kN

At any section between D and E, distance x from B

SF

SF = -7+ 5 +1(x-3) (linear variation)

At x = 3, SF = - 2kN

At x = 7, SF = 2 kN

SF changes -2 kN to 2 kN from D to E

To find the location of SF =0

...............................................
..............................................
SF = -7+ 5 +1(x-3) = 0
.............................................
..............................................
Solving for x, we get x= 5m from B
...............................................
BM .............................................
.................................................
(𝑥−3)2
.....................................................
BM = 7𝑥 − 5(𝑥 − 3) − 1 2 (Parabolic variation)

At x = 3, BM = 21 kNm

(7−3)2
At x = 7, BM = 7 ∗ 7 − 5(7 − 3) − 1 = 21 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

Maximum BM = BM at SF =0

(5−3)2
Maximum BM = 7 ∗ 5 − 5(5 − 3) − 1 = 23 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2

At any section between A and D, distance x from A

SF

SF = 7 kN

BM

BM = + 7x (linear variation)

At x = 0, BM = 0

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KTUweb.com
 At x = 3m, BM = 7*3 = 21 kNm

SF at D = 7 - 5 = 2 kN

The SFD and BMD is shown below

...............................................
..............................................
.............................................
..............................................
...............................................
.............................................
.................................................
(vii)Simply supported beam carrying a uniformly varying load as shown
.....................................................

Figure below shows the simply supported beam with the load and corresponding reactions at the
support

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KTUweb.com
At any section between C and B, x distance from B

SF

𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑥 2
SF = − + (Parabolic variation)
4 𝑙

𝑤𝑙
At x = 0, SF = − 4

𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑙2
At x = l/2, SF = − + =0
4 4𝑙

BM

𝑤𝑙𝑥 𝑤𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑤𝑙𝑥 𝑤𝑥 3
BM = + − =+ − (Cubic variation)
4 𝑙 3 4 3𝑙

At x = 0, BM = 0
𝑤𝑙2 𝑤𝑙2 𝑤𝑙2
At x= l/2, BM = + − =
8 24 12

Since the beam is symmetric about C, The SF and BM will be the same on the other side also
...............................................
𝑤𝑙
A=+ 4
SF at..............................................
.............................................
BM at A=0
..............................................
...............................................
The SFD and.............................................
BMD is shown below
.................................................
.....................................................

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(viii) Simply supported beam carrying a uniformly varying load as shown

Figure below shows the simply supported beam with the load and corresponding reactions at the
support

At any section A and B, x distance from A

SF ...............................................
𝑤𝑙
..............................................
𝑤𝑥 2
SF = 6 − .............................................
(Parabolic variation)
2𝑙
..............................................
𝑤𝑙
At x = 0,...............................................
SF = 6
.............................................
𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑙
At x = l,.................................................
SF = 6 − 2 = − 3
.....................................................
𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑙
SF changes from to − . To find location of SF = 0
6 3

𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑥 2
SF = − =0
6 2𝑙

𝑙
Solving for x, we get x =
√3

BM
𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑥 3
BM = 𝑥− (Cubic variation)
6 6𝑙

At x = 0, BM = 0
𝑤𝑙2 𝑤𝑙2
At x=l, BM = − =0
6 6

𝑙 𝑤𝑙2 𝑤𝑙2 𝑤𝑙2

At x = BM = 6√3 − = 9√3
√3 18√3

The SFD and BMD is shown below

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Example
Draw SFD and BMD of the beam shown below

...............................................
..............................................
.............................................
..............................................
...............................................
.............................................
Figure below shows the simply supported beam with the load and corresponding reactions at the
.................................................
support.....................................................

At any section between C and B, x distance from B

SF
1 7.2
SF = − 7.80 + 2 𝑥 2 = −7.8 + 7.2𝑥 2 (Parabolic variation)
0.5

At x = 0, SF = - 7.80 kN

At x = 0.5 m, SF = − 7.80 + 7.20.52 = −6 𝑘𝑁

BM
1 7.2 𝑥 3
BM = 7.8𝑥 − (Cubic variation)
2 0.5 3

At x = 0, BM = 0

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 1 7.2 0.53
At x = 0.5m, BM = 7.8 ∗ 0.5 − = 3.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2 0.5 3

At any section between A and C, x distance from A

SF
1 7.2
SF = 4.80 − 𝑥 2 = 4.8 − 1.2𝑥 2 (Parabolic variation)
2 0.5

At x= 0, SF = + 4.8 kN

At x= 3, SF = 4.80 − 1.2 ∗ 32 = −6 𝑘𝑁

SF changes from +4.8 kN to - 6 kN

Position of zero shear

𝑆𝐹 = 4.8 − 1.2𝑥 2 = 0 Solving for x, we get x = 2 m

BM
1.2𝑥 3
BM = 4.8𝑥 − 3
(Cubic variation)

At x = 0, BM = 0
...............................................
1.2∗33
At x = 3m, BM = 4.8 ∗ 3 − = 3.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚
..............................................
3
.............................................
1.2∗23
BM at 2 m (SF = 0) = 4.8 ∗ 2 − 3 = 6.4 𝑘𝑁𝑚
Maximum BM =..............................................
...............................................
.............................................
The SFD and BMD is shown below
.................................................
.....................................................

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Example
Draw SFD and BMD of the beam given below

The trapezoidal loading on the beam consist of a uniformly distributed load and a triangular load
as shown below. The beam with the load and corresponding reactions at the support is also shown

At any section Between A and B, x distance from A

SF
80 1 8𝑥 80 4
− 8𝑥 − 2 5 𝑥 = 3 − 8𝑥 − 5 𝑥 2
SF =...............................................
(Parabolic variation)
3
..............................................
80
At x =.............................................
0, SF = 3 𝑘𝑁
..............................................
...............................................
80 4 100
At x = 5m, SF = 3 − 8 ∗ 5 − 5 ∗ 52 = − 3 𝑘𝑁
.............................................
.................................................
80 100
SF changes from 3 𝑘𝑁 to − 3 𝑘𝑁. To find the location of zero shear
.....................................................
80 4
SF = − 8𝑥 − 𝑥2 = 0 Solving for x
3 5

We get x = 2.637 m from A

BM
80 𝑥2 4 𝑥3
BM = 𝑥−8 − (Cubic variation)
3 2 53

At x= 0, BM = 0

80 52 4 53
At x= 5m, BM = ∗5−8 − =0
3 2 53

80 2.6372 4 2.6373
Maximum BM is at x= 2.637 m = ∗ 2.637 − 8 − = 37.615 𝑘𝑁𝑚
3 2 5 3

The SFD and BMD is shown below

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Example
Draw SFD and BMD
...............................................
..............................................
.............................................
..............................................
...............................................
.............................................
.................................................
.....................................................
The beam with the load and corresponding reactions at the support is also shown

At any section between E and B, x distance from B

SF
SF = -40 kN
BM
BM = 40x (linear variation)

At x= 0 BM = 0

At x= 1m, BM = 40 kNm

At any section between D and E, x distance from B

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SF
SF = -40 + 30 = - 10 kN

BM
BM = 40x – 30 (x-1) (linear variation)

At x= 1m BM = 40

At x= 2m, BM = 40*2 – 30(2-1) = 50 kNm

At any section between C and D, x distance from A

SF
10
SF = 20 − (𝑥 − 1)2 (Parabolic variation)
3

At x= 1 m, SF = 20 kN
10
At x= 4m, SF = 20 − (4 − 1)2 = −10 𝑘𝑁
3

SF changes from 20 kN to -10 kN. To find the location of zero shear

10
20 − 3 (𝑥 − 1)2 = 0 Solving for x, we get x = 3.449 m from A
SF =...............................................
..............................................
BM .............................................
..............................................
10 (𝑥−1)3
= 20𝑥 − 3 3
BM ...............................................
(Cubic variation)
.............................................
At .................................................
x= 1m BM = 20 kNm
.....................................................
10 (4−1)3
At x= 4m, BM = 20 ∗ 4 − 3 3 = 50 𝑘𝑁𝑚

10 (3.449−1)3
Maximum BM is at 3.449 m = 20 ∗ 3.449 − = 52.66 𝑘𝑁𝑚
3 3

At any section between A and C, x distance from A

SF
SF = 20 kN

BM
BM = 20x (linear variation)

At x= 0 BM = 0

At x= 1m, BM = 20*1= 20 kNm

The SFD and BMS is shown below

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 ...............................................
..............................................
.............................................
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