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CH-1 Computer Languages

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31 views

CH-1 Computer Languages

Uploaded by

Jaimukesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ch-1 Computer Languages

I. Important points
1. A computer needs step by step instructions to perform any
actions because it cannot think on its own.
2. The set of instructions is called a program.
3. Writing programs for doing a specific task is called
programming.
4. The programing languages enable us to communicate with the
computer for performing any task.
5. Like any languages, the programming languages have evolved
over the years, making them simpler to understand and code,
debug etc.

II. Generations of Computer Languages


1. Computer Languages have evolved from 1st Generation to 5th
Generation Computer Languages.

III. First Generation Language


1. It is also called Machine Language (Low level Language).
2. Write 4-5 lines of Machine Language in the N.B.

3. It is a series of 0’s and 1’s. 0- off state and 1- on state.


4. Since it is the Native language of the computer, programs
written in computer languages are executed very fast.
5. Less memory is utilized as no translations in code are needed.
6. It is difficult to write and debug programs in Machine Language
as it is very difficult to understand.
7. It is extremely machine dependent as program written on one
computer may not run on another computer.
8. So, we find very few people specializing in Machine Language.
IV. Second Generation Language
1. It is also called Assembly language (Low level Language).
2. It used Mnemonics Code- in place of 0’s and 1’s.
3. Write 4-5 lines of Assembly language Code in N.B

4. Assembly Language is easier to understand than Machine


Language as it has some English Language which we can
understand.
5. It is also machine dependent.
6. Programming in it is also time-consuming as it takes lots of time
to understand it.
7. Has to be converted to Machine language by Assemblers.

V. Third Generation Languages


1. It is a high-level language.
2. It is simple and a user-friendly language.
3. Machine Independent Language.
4. So, it became popular and more and more people started using it
5. E.g C, C++, Java.
6. Has to be converted to Machine language by Interpreters and
Compilers.

VI. Fourth Generation Languages


1. Highly user-friendly.
2. Independent of operating system.
3. Low programming efforts.
4. High speed of execution.
5. Time and cost of software development is reduced.
6. E.g PHP, Ruby, SQL

VII. Fifth Generation Language(5GL/AI Language)


1. Has visual tools to develop a program.
2. Programs are developed for AI or Artificial Neural Networks.
3. E.g. Mercury, OPS5, Prolog etc.

Draw the diagram of translator prog. In N.B


Translator Programs
A program which converts High Level Languages to Low Level
Language is called a Translator program.

Translator Programs

Assembler Interpreter
Compiler

Mnemonic codes to High Level to Machine High Level to Machine Level


Machine Language Language at one go Language line by line

Fill in the blanks:


1. Program
2. Five
3. Machine Language
4. Assembler
5. High Level Language
Write T/F
1. T
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. F
Select the correct option
1. Source
2. Interpreter
3. Object.
4. High Level
Answer the following questions.
Ans. 1 Machine Language is written as combination of 0’s and 1’s.
This is the only language a computer understands. Machine language
executes very fast and has low memory utilization, It is machine
dependent. People do not opt for it.
Ans.2 Assembly language uses mnemonic codes instead of 0’s and
1’s. It is easier to work with. Machine language on the other hand
consists of 0’s and 1’s. It is machine dependent but executes very fast
and utilizes less memory.
Ans.3 Interpreter translates the program line by line while the
compiler translates the whole program at once. Interpreter is slower
than the computer.
Ans. 4 Two characteristics of fourth generation languages are:
a) Highly user-friendly and independent of the operating system.
b) Very high speed of execution.
c) Users must specify required output; computer determines
specific instructions for obtaining the desired output.

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