Research II

Analysis, Implementation
and Documentation
Dr. Christy M. Desades
Teacher In-charge
 Module 1
• Module 1 introduces the
context of research that
people undertake to find out
things in a systematic way. To
find things out in a systematic
way, thereby increasing their
knowledge on the concepts
and nature of research.
Let’s have our Pre Test
 Instruction: Select the best answer from the given
choices. Choose only the letter and write it on the
space provided before each number.
____ 1. Research is ____________________.
a. Searching again and again
b. Finding solution to any problem
c. Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem
d. None of the above
• ____ 2. Knowledge based on a systematic collection and analysis of data is
a. Belief
b. Tradition
c. Research
d. Personal experience
• ____ 3. Which of the following types of research tests that usefulness of scientific
theories in a given field?
a. Basic research
b. Applied research
c. Action research
d. Evaluation research
• ____ 4. Classify the type of research likely conducted in the following study
entitled “Assessment of Math Achievement in Computer – Assisted Instructional
Classrooms”.
a. Action research
b. Applied research
c. Basic research
d. Evaluation research
• ____ 5. Action research is a variation of which of the following type of research?
a. Applied research
b. Basic research
c. Evaluation research
d. Experimental research
 Lesson 1.1: The Nature of
Research
• Learning Objectives
• At the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
• Explain what is research.
• Identify the types of research.
• Discuss the importance of research.
Learning Activities
(Activating Prior Knowledge)

• Recall and discuss with groupmates

(through video call/ chat/ text or etc.)
your very first research work as a
student.
 Learning Probe (Analysis)
• If you were to do it now, how
differently would you handle
it?
Learning Time (Acquire New Knowledge)

• What is Research?
Research means searching for a theory, for testing theory,
or for solving a problem. It means that something exists
that needs investigation and inquiry which later has to be
solved.
What is Research?
• Research is defined in various ways – for one, “to search
again, to take another moore careful look, to find out
more” (Selltiz, et. al., 1976). This means that research is a
practical way of discovering answers and solutions to
existing problems. As one goes into the research process,
questions arise.
•
What is Research?
• Research may also be defined as simply “a systematic
quest for undiscovered truth” (Leedy, 1974). Hence, it is
the search for an answer to an unanswered question.
• “Research is a systematic attempt to provide answers
to questions” (Tuckman, 1972). It is a systematic attempt
to obtain adequate solutions to problems.
 PURPOSE OF RESEARCH

Every scientific and technological advancement of the new

millennium is a by-product of research. With such
improvement in science and technology, the quality of life
progresses. Research provides solutions to problems we
encounter. Since problems are endless, research is a
continuing process.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
Below is a summary of the characteristics of research:
1. Research is logical and objective.
• The researchers must strive to eliminate and suppress their feelings and
preferences in their analysis. They should elevate logic and clear thinking.
2. Research is expert, systematic and accurate investigation.
• The researchers must be able to identify the problem and then, carefully plan
their procedures. The data gathered must be accurately recorded and
analyzed. Valid data gathering instruments should be utilized by the
researchers.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

3. Research gathers new knowledge and data from primary and secondary
sources.
• It places emphasis upon the discovery of the principal principles. It goes beyond
subjects and situations that are being investigated. With the use of valid sampling
procedures, research infers qualities of the entire population used in the study.
4. Research endeavors to organize data in quantitative (measurable) terms if
possible and to express these data in numerical measures.
• A sound conclusion must be arrived at by the presentation of significant findings.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

5. Researchers require courage.

• The researchers must not be afraid to present their conclusions, even if they
may be unpopular and unacceptable to the society.
6. Research is carefully recorded and reported.
• All data, procedures, limiting factors, references and results must be carefully
documented and objectively recorded. Conclusions and recommendations
are carefully arrived at taking into consideration the limitations of the study.
 TYPES OF RESEARCH

Attempts have been made to categorize research

according to different bases (i.e., inquiry, purpose,
method). Specific types are (Catane, 2000):
 TYPES OF RESEARCH

• A. BASED ON
INQUIRY
• Rationalistic
• Naturalistic
1. Rationalistic
Rationalistic inquiries are the established traditional systems in systematic
inquiry. The rationalistic inquiry begins with an existing theory. Formal
instruments are used in categorizing the basis for collecting data and
transforming these data in quantitative measures. Findings are generalized. The
problem is converted into dependent and independent variables after which the
researcher develops strategies and instruments to control relationships between
and among naturally occurring variables. Once the steps of the research design
are completed, the researcher returns to the theory formulated to interpret the
results.
2. Naturalistic

• Naturalistic inquiries state that we must

understand the framework within which the
subjects under study interpret their environment to
be able to understand human behavior. The
individual’s thoughts, values, perceptions and
actions are studied.
 B. BASED ON PURPOSE
The types of research on the basis of purpose refers
to the extent to which the findings are used.
1. Basic Research
2. Applied Research
3. Developmental Research
1. Basic Research
Basic research, also known as “fundamental” or “pure” research,
is directed towards developing new or fuller scientific knowledge or
understanding of the subject rather than its practical application.
Theories and hypotheses containing abstract and specialized
concepts are developed and tested. The researcher’s intellect is
triggered and social implications of existing social problems are
uncovered.
2. Applied Research
Applied research, also known as action research, is
directed towards the practical application of knowledge.
The theory may be supported, modified or revised. A new
theory may even be provided.
Applied research, covering mostly social science areas,
entails large-scale studies subsequent problems on data
collection.
3. Developmental Research
• Developmental research refers to the systematic
work drawing on existing knowledge gained from
research and/or practical experience that is directed to
producing new materials, products and devices; to
installing new processes, systems and services; and to
improving substantially those already produced or
installed. This type of research is often used in
engineering and technology areas.
 c. BASED ON METHOD
1. Historical Research
2. Descriptive Research
3. Correlational Research
4. Ex Post Facto Research
5. Evaluation Research
6. Experimental Research
 c. BASED ON METHOD
1. Historical Research
According to Kerlinger (1972), historical research is the critical
investigation of events, developments and experiences in the past, the
careful weighing of evidence of the validity of sources of information on
the past and the interpretation of the weighed evidence. The difference
between this type of research and others is that the focus of the subject is
the past. Data are gathered through the collection of original documents
or interviewing eye witnesses.
2. Descriptive Research
Descriptive research describes the population’s characteristics. Exploratory
or normative surveys fall under this type of research. Selltiz, et. al.
(1979) define it as a study where the major emphasis is on the
discovery of ideas and insights.
Qualitative methods (case studies, content analysis, ethnographic
studies) and quantitative research (survey research, cross-sectional
survey, cohort study, correlational research, longitudinal survey) are
used.
3. Correlational Research
Correlational research involves the collection of
two or more sets of data from a group of subjects
with the attempt to determine the subsequent
relationship between those sets of data (Tuckman,
1972).
4. Ex Post Facto Research
Ex post facto research is a systematic
empirical inquiry in which the researcher
does not have direct control of the
independent variables.
5. Evaluation Research
Evaluation research judges the value,
worth or merit of an existing program.
Formative and summative evaluation are
applied in training programs, textbooks,
manuals or curriculums.
6. Experimental Research
Experimental research is a study conducted in the
laboratory. Field experiments and quasi-experimental
research fall under this type. This type of research
involves two groups: the experimental group and the
control group.
 Learning Tasks (Application)
Instruction: This time let us answer some questions to assess whether you learned
something about the introduction of research. For offline submission, your write your
answer in a short bond paper using blue ballpen. For online submission, you encode
your answer in a bond paper (A4), Tahoma (font style), 12 (font size), and margin
1x1x1x1. (Note 2 points each)
• 1.Why is research important?
• 2.Give your own definition of research.
• 3.Discuss the characteristics of research.
 Learning Check (Assessment)
• In this part, you need to detach this page using a scissor for offline
submission. This detached learning check output should be returned to the
teacher. For online submission, you can take a picture or image of this
learning check part and send or upload it in our google classroom as an
attach file or attach a photo.
• Answer the question(s) below to see how well you understand the topics
covered in the previous section. Use this quiz to check your understanding
and decide whether to (1) study the previous lesson further or (2) move on
to the next lesson.
• Name: ____________________Date Accomplished: _________________
• Year and Section: ___________ Date Submitted: _____________________
• I. Essay: Answer each question concisely. Write your answer on the space
provided. (Note: 10 points each number)
• What are the types of research? Discuss each type briefly.
• Choose one type of type research and cite a brief example of a research
topic.
• ONLINE SUBMISSION
• Submit your LEARNING TASK AND LEARNING CHECK by following
these steps:
• 1. In your Microsoft word file, write or type in the upper left corner your name, grade
and section, and date of submission.
• 2. Write a brief introductory message indicating that you will be submitting your
outputs showing respectfulness and politeness. (ex. Saying “good morning Maam”).
• 3. Submit your answers in a word file or PDF, format with a file name
“Surname_Science IIIB Lesson 1-1” (ex. Dela Cruz_Science IIIB Lesson 1-1) in our
google classroom as attach file or attach image.
• 4. If you need more clarifications and inquires please do not hesitate to send me a
message through e-mail: [email protected] , or in FB messenger (FB
account: Christy Kiting Desades).
• 5. Date of Submission: October 16,2020.