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Q3 GB2 - Lesson 10

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18 views40 pages

Q3 GB2 - Lesson 10

G12 notes

Uploaded by

afunabermudez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Good day!

REMINDERS!!
ALWAYS wear your face masks.
FREQUENTLY sanitize your hands
and/or use alcohol.
AVOID unnecessary chatting
with seatmates.
KEEP mobile phones/gadgets
temporarily.
CLASS PRAYER
Father God,
Come be with us today.
Fill our hearts with joy.
Fill our minds with learning.
Fill our lesson with fun.
Fill our classmates with kindness.
Fill our classroom with peace.
Fill our school with love.

Amen.
Who’s IN?

Who’s OUT?
REVIEW

• Q. What is evolution?

• FQ. How does evidences explain


under different fields?
LESSON OBJECTIVES

a. Define evolutionary relationships;


and

b. Expound the various methods to


study evolutionary relationships.
MELC:

Infer evolutionary relationships


among organisms using the
evidence of evolution.
STEM_BIO11/12-IIIc-g-13
ACTIVITY 1

Example Analysis
Direction:
• Learners analyze each example
presented and answer the process
questions that follow.
Example: Birds and
Bats
1. Are the two animals
the same?
2. What can you
observe regarding
the anatomy of the
animals?
3. Do you think the two
animals are related?
R Why?
ACTIVITY 2

Tell Me Something
Direction:
• Learners analyze the given
diagram and try to share their
respective inferences.
Evolutionary Relationships

Evolutionary relationships refer to


the connections and patterns of
descent between different species or
groups of organisms.
These relationships are determined
by the process of evolution, which
involves the gradual change and
diversification of species over time.
Evolutionary Relationships

By studying evolutionary
relationships, scientists can gain
insights into the history of life on Earth
and understand how different species
are related to each other.
Phylogenetic Trees

A phylogenetic
tree is a branching
diagram that
represents the
evolutionary history
and relationships
between different
species or groups of
organisms.
Phylogenetic Trees

It shows the common ancestors


and the sequence of branching events
that led to the formation of different
species.
Phylogenetic trees are constructed
based on various types of evidence,
including genetic data, anatomical
features, and fossil records.
Phylogenetic Trees

By analyzing
these data,
scientists can infer
the relationships
between different
species and
determine their
evolutionary
history.
Cladistics

Cladistics is a
method used to
analyze and classify
organisms based on
their shared
characteristics and
evolutionary
relationships.
Cladistics

It focuses on identifying and


grouping organisms based on their
common ancestry.
In cladistics, scientists look for
shared derived characteristics, known
as synapomorphies, that are unique to
a particular group of organisms.
Cladistics

By identifying these shared


characteristics, scientists can create a
cladogram, which is a branching
diagram that represents the
evolutionary relationships between
different groups of organisms.
Homology and Analogy

Homology refers to
similarities between
organisms that are
inherited from a
common ancestor.
These similarities
can be in terms of
genetic sequences,
anatomical structures,
Homology and Analogy

Analogy, on the
other hand, refers to
similarities between
organisms that are not
inherited from a
common ancestor but
are instead the result
of convergent
evolution.
Homology and Analogy

Convergent evolution occurs when


different species independently evolve
similar traits in response to similar
environmental pressures.
Example 1: Humans and Chimpanzees
Humans and
chimpanzees share a
common ancestor and
are closely related.
By comparing their
genetic sequences,
scientists have found
that humans and
chimpanzees share about
Example 1: Humans and Chimpanzees

This high degree of


genetic similarity
indicates a close
evolutionary
relationship between
the two species.
Example 2: Birds and Bats
Birds and bats
have similar
adaptations for flight,
such as wings and
lightweight skeletons.
However, these
similarities are the
result of convergent
evolution rather than
Example 2: Birds and Bats

Birds and bats


evolved flight
independently, but
their similar
adaptations are a
result of adapting to
similar environmental
pressures.
Example 3: Whales and Fish

Whales and fish


both have streamlined
bodies and fins, which
are adaptations for
living in water.
However, these
similarities are the
result of convergent
evolution.
Example 3: Whales and Fish

Whales are
mammals and are
more closely related to
land-dwelling
mammals like cows
and horses than to
fish.
Conclusion

Studying evolutionary relationships is


crucial for understanding the history of
life on Earth and the diversity of species.
Phylogenetic trees and cladistics help
scientists analyze and classify organisms
based on their shared characteristics and
common ancestry.
Conclusion

By studying examples of evolutionary


relationships, we can gain a deeper
appreciation for the interconnectedness
of all living organisms.
Questions?
ACTIVITY 3

Let’s Search!
Direction:
• Learners browse the internet to
search for example of related
organisms based from the
discussed methods and share it
to the class.
Example Related Proofs of Evolutionary Methods Use to Evaluate
Organisms Relationship Evolutionary Relationship
Application

Q. To which activity
/scenario in your daily life
can you relate the concepts
discussed?
Let’s Wrap Up!

Sum up the lesson


through completing the
statements based on the
topic discussed:
Statements:

a. Evolutionary relationships are…

b. Evolutionary relationships are


studied under different fields such
as…
ENRICHMENT

Direction:
• Do advance study and research
regarding:
Structural and Developmental
Characteristics of DNA Sequences

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