Es 452
Es 452
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
3.0 DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................................... 3
12.0 ATTACHMENTS..................................................................................................................... 15
RECORD OF REVISIONS............................................................................................................................ 16
1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This Standard covers the requirements of squirrel-cage induction motors for outdoor
operation in chemical process units.
1.2 The motors shall meet all the requirements of this Standard. The LyondellBasell Induction
Motor Data Sheets or required API / IEEE motor data sheet shall specifically be prepared for
each motor. If requirements listed on the Motor Data Sheet conflict with instructions listed
in this Standard, LyondellBasell shall be consulted.
1.3.1 For motors larger than 1500 HP (1125 kW), only manufacturers qualified by experience in
manufacturing the motor proposed shall be considered. To qualify, the manufacturer shall
have manufactured at the proposed point of manufacture at least two motors of
comparable horsepower, speed, and voltage rating. These motors shall have been in service
at least one year and must be performing satisfactorily. The manufacturer shall submit a list
of operating units, with the names of user contacts for verification. The motor service shop
location and capabilities shall be submitted with the proposal.
API 541 Form-wound Squirrel-cage Induction Motors - 500 Horsepower and Larger,
Fourth Edition
API 547 General-purpose Form-wound Squirrel Cage Induction Motors – 250
Horsepower and Larger, First Edition
API 661 Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service, Sixth Edition
2.8 All references to ASTM, IEEE, NFPA, and UL standards in this document shall, in regions
where those standards are not commonly used, are replaced by the local standards in
effect.
3.0 DEFINITIONS
4.0 DESIGN
4.1 General
4.1.1 Squirrel-cage induction motors up to and including 200HP shall be specified to comply with
IEEE 841, unless otherwise stated in this Standard.
4.1.1.1 The ES 452 Data Sheet shall be filled out when specifying a motor that is to comply with IEEE
841.
4.1.2 Form-wound squirrel-cage motors that meet the following conditions shall be specified to
comply with API 547:
4.1.2.4 The API 547 Data Sheet is required to be filled out when specifying a motor that is to comply
with API 547.
4.1.3 Form-wound squirrel cage motors that meet the following conditions shall be specified to
comply with API 541:
4.1.3.2 Motor is less than 2000HP but classified as a critical motor to the facility, or
4.1.3.3 Motor is less than 2000HP and does not meet the criteria for an API 547 motor.
4.1.3.4 The API 541 Data Sheet is required to be filled out when specifying a motor that is to comply
with API 541.
4.2 Rating
4.2.1 Motors shall have nameplate horsepower ratings as specified in the appropriate
LyondellBasell Standard for the driven equipment. They shall be sized to operate at 1.0
service factor, but shall be specified to have a 1.15 service factor.
4.2.2 Motors shall have NEMA Design B (Normal Starting Torque, Low Starting Current)
characteristics, unless otherwise specified on the data sheet. Starting characteristics for
motors above NEMA sizes shall be individually investigated.
4.2.3 Motors for use in Division 1 locations shall be approved for the class, group, and ignition
temperature of the materials present (T-Rating) and shall bear the label of a Nationally
Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) for the area classification.
4.2.4 Single-phase fractional horsepower motors shall be capacitor start-induction run with NEMA
Design N characteristics (low starting current).
4.2.5 Motors shall be designed for a normal life of 20 years, satisfying hot/cold start limitations
per NEMA MG-1.
4.2.6 Construction shall be such that human fingers cannot reach any part of the rotor when the
machine is fully assembled (“guarded” construction per NEMA MG-1).
4.3 Enclosures
TABLE 1
ENCLOSURE SELECTION
NOTES TO TABLE 1:
4.3.2 Single-phase fractional horsepower motors used in hazardous (classified) locations (Class I,
Division 1 and Class I, Division 2) are required to be explosion proof if equipped with
sparking devices (i.e., centrifugal switch for capacitor start motors, etc.) as stated in IEEE
1349-2001.
5.0 MATERIALS
5.1 General
5.1.2 Fans, breathers, drains, screens, covers, and hardware (bolts, fasteners, caps, plugs, etc.)
shall be corrosion resistant. Fans shall be non-sparking.
5.1.3 TEFC motors shall have cast iron frames, end bells, conduit boxes, and fan cover guards.
They shall be in accordance with IEEE Standard 841. Provision shall be made for connection
of cable ground conductors to motor frame inside motor conduit box.
5.1.4 Motors, other than TEFC, shall, to the extent possible, comply with IEEE Standard 841.
5.1.5 Motors, other than TEFC, shall be of cast iron or fabricated steel plate construction. Conduit
boxes shall be adequate size of cast iron or sheet steel, 12 gage minimum.
5.1.6 Die cast aluminum rotors shall not be used in motors above NEMA frame sizes, unless
approved by LyondellBasell Electrical Engineer.
5.1.7 All motors shall have an exterior epoxy finish and all fabricated steel enclosures shall be
epoxy finished inside and outside.
5.1.8 Motor conduit boxes shall be designed to permit removal of the motor without
disconnecting the conduits.
5.1.9 Aluminum frame motors are not acceptable unless specifically approved by LyondellBasell.
5.1.10 If used, sheet metal covers or wrappers that form air passages over the motor enclosure
shall be made of steel of 1/8 in. (3 mm) minimum thickness or of stainless steel.
6.1 General
6.1.1 Motors shall be operated on 60 Hertz power at the voltages specified in Table 2.
TABLE 2
STANDARD MOTOR VOLTAGES
HP (kW) VOLTS
Non-process motors
3/4 HP (0.56kW) and smaller 120 v, 1 phase
1 thru 200 HP (0.75 thru 150 kW) 460 v, 3 phase
Process motors where remote control is
required
1/2 thru 200 HP (0.375 thru 132 kW) 460 v, 3 phase
4000 v, 3 phase (preferred),
250 to 2000 HP (160 to1500 kW) or
2300 v, 3 phase, as available at the plant*
4000 v, 3 phase
2250 HP and larger (larger than 1500 kW)
(with individual captive transformers)**
* 2300v is acceptable only at existing facilities where 4000v is not available.
Any deviation from the above requires specific approval by LyondellBasell.
** An Engineering Study is required to be completed to determine if a captive transformer is
required.
6.1.2 Wherever possible, use of 2-pole (3600 rpm synchronous) motors shall be avoided. Four-
pole (1800 rpm synchronous) is preferred.
6.1.3 Motors shall have a minimum Class F stator winding insulation system, and stator winding
temperature rise at rated horsepower shall not exceed 176°F (80°C) (Class B) based on a
maximum ambient temperature of 104°F (40°C).
6.1.4 Form wound motors shall be furnished with sealed insulation systems consisting of vacuum
pressure impregnated (VPI) mica-epoxy insulating materials. A minimum of two (2) vacuum
impregnations shall be provided. All medium voltage motors shall be form wound.
6.1.6 Motors for installation in classified areas shall be in accordance with IEEE Standard 303. In
Class I, Division II locations, where temperature switches are employed for overload
protection or for hazardous location temperature limitations, they shall be hermetically
sealed or encased and potted within the motor windings.
6.1.7 Transient rotor temperature shall be checked for non-explosion-proof motors driving fans
and other high inertia loads in Division II locations. Calculated rotor temperature during a
normal start from design operating temperature shall not exceed 80% of the ignition
temperature in degrees Celsius of the ignition temperature of the hazardous material.
6.1.8 For special applications where thermal overload detectors are embedded in the motor
winding, two such units (one as a spare) suitable for the area classification, shall be installed.
6.1.9 Motor efficiencies shall be determined as specified in IEEE Standard 112, Test Method B.
For large motors when facilities do not permit use of Test Method B, efficiency shall be
determined indirectly, using IEEE Standard 112, segregated loss Test Methods E & F,
calculating motor losses through load or no-load testing. Nominal efficiency per NEMA MG-
1, or actual “tested” efficiency shall be identified on the motor nameplate.
6.2.1 Motors, 500 HP (375 kW) and larger, shall be furnished with stator coil platinum resistance
temperature detectors, 100 ohms at 77°F (25°C). Six (6) detectors shall be furnished at 60°
intervals, two (2) detectors per phase winding. Detector leads shall be terminated and
permanently identified in a separate terminal box.
6.2.2 Motors having two-piece enclosures shall be supplied with bonding jumpers to prevent
sparking from static electricity.
6.2.3 Terminal lugs on the motor leads shall be of the cast or solid tubular (not split) type and of
the circumferential crimp (hydraulic type) variety.
In addition to the requirements of 6.2 above, motors 1000 HP (750 kW) and larger shall
comply with the following:
6.3.1 Motors shall be furnished with surge protection for 2.0 per unit level minimum and current
transformers for motor differential protection.
6.3.1.1 Surge protection shall consist of surge capacitors and arrestors. The arrestors shall be
connected to motor phase leads on the line side of the capacitor connections. These
connections shall be as short as possible, and made of 2 AWG minimum insulated copper
conductors, or as recommended by the motor manufacturer.
6.3.1.2 Insulation shall have two half-wraps of mica tape for the first 10% of each winding.
6.3.1.3 The arrestors and capacitors and motor stator core shall be connected to a common copper
ground bus. The connections between ground bus and stator core shall be 2/0 AWG
insulated copper conductor run with the motor leads and as short as possible. The bus shall
be provided with a connector for the plant 2/0 AWG copper ground loop.
6.3.1.4 A weatherproof terminal enclosure shall be provided to house the capacitors, arrestors,
current transformers, and ground bus. It shall have a gasketed-hinged cover and provision
6.3.3 Motors shall have four (4) 100 ohm platinum resistance temperature detectors, two (2) for
each bearing, for measuring bearing temperature. Sensors shall be installed in bottom half
of bearing within 10 to 20 degrees of the operation load point. Sensor leads shall be
adequately protected against oil and mechanical damage and shall exit the bearing housing
through an oil-tight fitting.
6.3.4 Both ends of each winding shall be brought into the main motor terminal box for testing and
differential protection.
7.1 General
7.1.1 Random wound motors shall be limited to 460v maximum. They shall be totally enclosed
fan-cooled. In Division 1 locations they shall comply with paragraph 4.2.3 above.
7.1.2 Form wound motors with weather protected NEMA Type II enclosures, and shall be
furnished with space heaters.
7.1.2.1.2 Winding zone shall be maintained not less than 9°F (5°C) above outside ambient
temperature.
7.1.2.1.4 For motors to be located in hazardous (classified) locations, heater sheath shall not exceed
the lesser of 302°F (150°C) or 80% of the ignition temperature of the hazardous material.
Nameplate shall indicate the sheath maximum temperature.
7.1.3.1 Horizontal and vertical motors with nameplate ratings up to 500 HP (375 kW) shall be
equipped with anti-friction bearings. Bearing design shall be in accordance with IEEE
Standard 841.
7.1.3.2 Horizontal motors with nameplate ratings of 500 HP (375 kW) and greater shall be equipped
with hydrodynamic bearings. Hydrodynamic bearing design shall be in accordance with the
API Standard being used to specify the motor (API 541 or API 547).
7.1.3.3 Vertical motors with nameplate ratings of 500 HP (375 kW) and greater shall be equipped
with either anti-friction or hydrodynamic bearing designs as determined by API 541.
7.1.3.4 Motors with nameplate ratings of 500 HP (375 kW) and greater equipped with non-pressure
fed hydrodynamic bearings shall be equipped with the following:
7.1.4 Motors for vertical operation shall be provided with corrosion resistant, cast or sheet metal
or glass-epoxy drip covers. When mounted shaft end up, a shaft-mounted slinger shall be
installed to prevent water entry to the top bearing.
7.1.5 Fractional horsepower motors shall be cast iron construction or shall have rolled steel stator
frame and cast iron brackets with integral mounting feet.
7.1.6 All motors shall have internal and external metal parts protected against corrosion.
7.1.7 Motors frame size, 182T and larger, shall be provided with special lifting lugs for use in
assembly and disassembly.
7.1.8 Motors 50 HP (37 kW) and larger, shall have pilot holes for field installation of dowel pins.
The holes shall be 3/8 in. (10 mm) diameter located in the right inboard and left outboard
feet. They shall be drilled at an angle which permits field drilling and reaming of the holes.
7.1.9 Motors, 250 HP (187 kW) and larger, shall have 3/16 in. (5 mm) diameter drain holes located
at lowest point or points of space that would retain water to the detriment of the insulation.
7.1.10 Vibration sensors shall be furnished and mounted for all motors where the driven
equipment is equipped with vibration sensors. For eddy current type proximity sensors, the
sensors shall be mounted in accordance with API Standard 541. Proximity sensors to
measure thrust position shall only be supplied for motors equipped with hydrodynamic
thrust bearings.
8.1 General
Motors in this section shall meet all the requirements of this Standard, in addition to the
pertinent special requirements of this section.
8.2.1 All motor hardware, bolts, fasteners, caps, plugs, etc., shall be Everdur. Flat washers shall
be provided for external bolts entering motor enclosure.
8.2.3 Windings shall be sealed between the conduit box and stator with a nonhydroscopic sealing
material.
8.2.4 Form wound motors shall be furnished with sealed insulation systems consisting of vacuum
pressure impregnated (VPI) mica-epoxy insulating materials. A minimum of two (2) vacuum
impregnations shall be provided.
8.3.1 Motors for vertical well water pumps and vertical turbine type pumps discharging into a
closed system or with column length greater than 50 ft (15.24 m) are required to have
positive non-reversing ratchet-type mechanisms per ES 104.
8.3.2 Ratchet mechanisms shall be protected against corrosion by use of corrosion resistant
material, or designed such that corrosion will not affect their operation.
8.4 Motors for Use with Variable Frequency Adjustable Speed Drives
8.4.1 Motors for use with variable frequency adjustable speed drives shall comply with all other
provisions of this specification.
8.4.2 Motors shall be selected for the speed range as given in the data sheets.
8.4.3 Motors for use in Class I, Division 1 locations shall be listed with a NRTL for use in
combination with the associated drive controller.
8.4.4 Motors for use in Class I, Division 2 locations shall have winding temperature thermostats in
compliance with paragraph 6.1.6, with leads brought out to the terminal box. Thermostats
shall have normally closed (open on high temperature) contacts set to open at 302°F
(150°C), or 80% of the ignition temperature in degrees Celsius of the hazardous material
present, whichever is less.
8.4.5 In hazardous locations, it may be necessary to oversize the motor to achieve the
temperature limitation.
8.4.6 The manufacturer/seller shall verify the suitability of the motor for the above requirements
and for use with the intended drive manufacturer and technology to ensure safe and
reliable operation over the full operating range. Special attention is required for speed
range greater than 4:1.
Motors identified for “critical services” shall meet the following additional requirements:
8.5.1 Each motor shall be given a complete test in accordance with IEEE Standards 112 and 429.
8.5.2 Driven equipment data for each motor shall be made available to the motor manufacturer
as follows:
8.5.2.5 Percent gear (if any) power loss at rated load and speed.
8.5.2.7 Speed vs. torque curves for the driven equipment and the motor shall be provided on a
composite drawing at the calculated starting voltage conditions.
8.6.1 Motors for use with Air-Cool Heat Exchangers shall be specified to meet the requirements
outlined in this Standard to the extent possible but shall meet the requirements set forth in
API 661, Sixth Edition.
8.6.2 Purchaser to fill out the ES 452 Data Sheet to provide all the requirements to the motor
manufacturer: i.e., state motor is to be used with an air-cooled heat exchanger, electrical
8.6.2.1 Motors shall be TEFC and designed for 80°C (140°F) temperature rise over 40°C (104°F)
ambient temperature as stated in API 661.
8.6.2.3 For motors to be operated vertically, the motor must be suitable for vertical operation. If
the motor is to be operated in the shaft-up position the motor shall meet the requirements
stated in API 661.
9.1 General
This section covers the maximum sound levels for induction motors operating continuously.
9.2.1 The sound levels shall be guaranteed to meet the requirements of paragraph 9.3. Sound
tests of prototype motors shall be witnessed by LyondellBasell.
9.2.2 Sound tests shall be conducted at no load in accordance with IEEE Standard No. 85.
9.3.1 The sound power levels shall not exceed an A weighted scale of 90 dBA referenced to 10
pico watts.
9.4 Mufflers
9.4.1 Mutes or mufflers external to the motor shall not be used except with specific approval of
LyondellBasell.
10.0 TESTING
10.1 General
10.1.1 All motors shall be tested in accordance with IEEE Standard 112.
10.1.2 Form wound motors shall be given tests per IEEE Standard 429 and NEMA Standard MG-1.
All tests on form wound motors shall be certified.
11.1 General
11.1.1 All required information except that which is determined by test results of the actual motor
supplied shall be furnished at the time of quotation. Certified information shall be furnished
at the time of completion of factory testing.
11.1.2 LyondellBasell Induction Motor Data Sheet Section, “Information Furnished by Supplier,”
shall be completed by the motor manufacturer. One reproducible copy of certified test data
shall be furnished for each type motor.
11.1.2.1 The magnetic center of sleeve bearing motors shall be permanently and legibly identified on
the motor and data sheet. The magnetic and mechanical center of sleeve bearing motors
shall be coincident within ± 1/8 in.
11.1.3 In addition to the information to be furnished by the manufacturer on the Motor Data
Sheet, the manufacturer shall furnish a reproducible copy of the following information to be
used for installation, maintenance, and record purposes. This information shall be identified
with the job number, buyer’ name, buyer’ complete requisition number, and item number.
Additional copies may be required when specified on the Motor Data Sheet.
11.1.3.1 Certified outline drawings for the motor and for all auxiliary equipment shall be furnished.
Information to be included is:
a. Size, rating, and exact location of all conduit connections, together with the location of
all piping and instrument connections.
e. For all motors 1,500 HP (1120 kW) and larger, the foundation loading diagram, the
heaviest maintenance weight and name of the part that must be lifted during
dismantling, all horizontal and vertical clearances necessary for dismantling purposes,
and the approximate location of lifting lugs.
f. Direction of rotation if the motor is not suitable for rotation in both directions.
i. For each auxiliary system supplied (e.g., resistance temperature detectors and space
heaters), a certified wiring diagram shall be furnished. The diagrams shall clearly
indicate the extent of these auxiliary systems to be furnished by the manufacturer and
the extent to be furnished by the buyer.
a. Certified copies of test results for all tests specified in this specification and any other
routine factory tests.
12.0 ATTACHMENTS
RECORD OF REVISIONS
(as compared to February, 2010 Issue)
Revisions in 2016, were as follows; added references to ES 003 and removed any requirements
that were similar to ES 003, ES 151 was deleted so all references to that standard were removed,
section 3 was added for Definitions, and all numbering was changed as required by addition of
section 3.