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Engineering Utilities Lecture 3

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Engineering Utilities Lecture 3

Uploaded by

lucas.jimenez01011991
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Lecture 3

Combinational
Circuits
Engr. Gerard Ang
School of EECE
Combinational Circuits
Combinational Circuit
• Series-parallel circuit – it is a combinational circuit when
simplified will result into a series circuit.
• Parallel-series circuit – it is a combinational circuit when
simplified will result into a parallel circuit.
Sample Problems
1. Find the equivalent resistance of the circuit given in figure 1 between
the following points (a) A and B (b) C and D (c) E and F (d) A and F and
(e) A and C.
Solution:

(a) Between A and B

1
𝑅𝐴𝐵 = 𝟓
1 1 𝑹𝑨𝑩 = 𝛀
+ 𝟔
1 5
(b) Between C and D

1 𝟑
𝑅𝐶𝐷 = 𝑹𝑪𝑫 = 𝛀
1 1 1 𝟐
+ +
3 6 6
(c) Between E and F

1 𝟑
𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 𝑹𝑬𝑭 = 𝛀
1 1
+ 𝟐
6 2
(d) Between A and F

By inspection,

𝑅𝐴𝐹 = 𝑅𝐴𝐵

𝟓
𝑹𝑨𝑭 = 𝛀
𝟔
(e) Between A and C

1
𝑅𝐴𝐶 = 𝟒
1 1 𝑹𝑨𝑪 = 𝛀
+ 𝟑
2 1+3
Sample Problems
2. What is the value of the unknown resistor R in figure 2 if the
voltage drop across the 500-Ω resistor is 2.5 volts?
Solution:
𝑉500 = 2.5 𝑉
2.5 1
𝐼2 = = 𝐴
500 200
1
𝑉50 = 𝐼2 50 = 50
200
𝑉50 = 0.25 𝑉

𝑉𝑅 = 𝑉500 + 𝑉50 𝑉550 = 12 − 𝑉𝑅

𝑉𝑅 = 2.5 + 0.25 = 2.75 𝑉 𝑉550 = 12 − 2.75 = 9.25 𝑉


𝑉550 9.25
𝐼= =
550 550
37
𝐼= A
2200
37 1
𝐼1 = 𝐼 − 𝐼2 = −
2200 200
13
𝐼1 = 𝐴
1100
𝑉𝑅 2.75
𝑅= =
𝐼1 13Τ1100

𝑹 = 𝟐𝟑𝟐. 𝟔𝟗 𝛀
Sample Problems
3. A resistance R is connected in series with a parallel combination of two
resistances 12 Ω and 8 Ω. Calculate R if the power dissipated in the
circuit is 70 W when the applied voltage is 20 V across the circuit.
Solution:
1 24
𝑅𝑥 = = Ω
1 1 5
+
12 8

𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅 + 𝑅𝑥

40 24
𝑉𝑇2 (20)2 =𝑅+
7 5
𝑃𝑇 = 70 =
𝑅𝑇 𝑅𝑇
𝟑𝟐
40 𝑹= 𝛀 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏 𝛀
𝑅𝑇 = Ω 𝟑𝟓
7
Cost of Electrical Energy
A utility company will charge its customers for the electric energy
consumed.
• Energy Charge – is the cost of electrical energy consumed.
• Maximum Demand – is the user’s highest rate at which energy is
consumed in kilowatts.
• Demand Charge – is the billing fee related to the maximum charge.
Sample Problems
1. A 60 W lamp remains lighted for 24 hours per day for 30 days.
Determine (a) the electrical energy consumed over this period, (b) the
energy charge for the billing period at a rate of Php 5.93/kWh
Solution:

(a) For the electrical energy consumed over this period

𝑊 = 𝑃𝑡
ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝑊 = 60 𝑊 × 24 × 30
𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑

𝑾 = 𝟒𝟑, 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑾𝒉 = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟐 𝒌𝑾𝒉


(b) For the energy charge for the billing period at a rate of Php 5.93/kWh

𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = 𝑊 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦

𝑃ℎ𝑝 5.93
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = 43.2 𝑘𝑊ℎ ×
𝑘𝑊ℎ

𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 = 𝑷𝒉𝒑 𝟐𝟓𝟔. 𝟏𝟕𝟔


Sample Problems
2. A large residence consumes 1155 kWh of electrical energy over a
billing period. Determine the total charge for billing period based on
the rate schedule given below:
Service Charge Php 261.18
First 1000 kWh of billing period Php 5.92 per kWh
Next 2000 kWh of billing period Php 5.52 per kWh

Solution:
𝑃ℎ𝑝 5.92
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = 𝑃ℎ𝑝 261.18 + × 1000 𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝑃ℎ𝑝 5.52
+ × 155 𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝑘𝑊ℎ

𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 = 𝑷𝒉𝒑 𝟕, 𝟎𝟑𝟔. 𝟕𝟖

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