TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

1338 Arlegui St., Quiapo, Manila

College of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Civil Engineering

CE 305 - Section
Principles of Earthquake
Engineering

PROPOSED 4- STOREY SCHOOL BUILDING

Tagaytay Elementary School

Submitted by:
Albon, Earl Joshua
Faiminiano,
Michael Angelo
Guerrero, Maria Victoria
Ladim, Erwin Axle V.
Rimando, Gildrey

Submitted to:
Engr. Donna Trisha Romano

May 13, 2024

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................iii
LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................iv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS......................................................................................v
CHAPTER 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND...............................................................6
1.1 Project Background......................................................................................6
1.2 Location of the Project.................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2 DESIGN INPUTS.................................................................................8
2.1 Architectural Plans.......................................................................................8
2.2 Structural Plans..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3 Calculation of Initial Member Sizes...........................................................29
2.3.1 Calculation of Initial Member Sizes for Beams and Girders.................29
2.3.1.1 Manual Calculation.......................................................................30
2.3.1.2 Beam and Girder Size Summary..................................................30
2.3.2 Calculation of Initial Member Sizes for Slab.........................................31
2.3.2.1 Manual Calculation.......................................................................32
2.3.2.2 Slab Size Summary.......................................................................32
2.3.3 Calculation of Initial Member Sizes for Column...................................33
2.3.3.1 Manual Calculation.......................................................................33
2.3.3.2 Column Size Summary.................................................................34
2.3.4 Calculation of Initial Member Sizes for Foundation..............................38
2.3.4.1 Manual Calculation.......................................................................38
2.3.4.2 Foundation Size Summary............................................................39

ii
 LIST OF TABLES

Tables Page
Table 2.1 Summary of Design Requirements

Error! Bookmark not defined.

iii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Page
Figure 3.1 Sample of Design Development Flowchart
Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3.2 SWOT Table
Error! Bookmark not defined.

iv
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

MCE = Maximum Credible Earthquake

NLRHA = Non-Linear Response History Analysis
SMRF = Special Moment-Resisting Frame

v
 CHAPTER 1
PROJECT BACKGROUND

1.1 Project Background

The objective of this project is to establish a secure and resilient learning environment,
with a primary emphasis on principles of earthquake engineering. The school structure,
organized with an 8 by 6 column configuration, is meticulously engineered to provide a
sturdy framework capable of enduring seismic forces. This not only guarantees the
structural integrity of the institution but also establishes a precedent for
earthquakeresistant design within educational infrastructure. Ultimately, the facility will
furnish students with a safe educational setting while serving as a model for
implementing optimal seismic resilience practices.

Tagaytay Elementary School, located in Tagaytay, Cavite, offers a range of facilities

such as a library, clinic, and science laboratory. The school's design is geared towards
nurturing creativity, critical thinking, and collaboration among students, fostering an
environment conducive to holistic growth. Furthermore, the structure was strategically
planned to accommodate the increasing student population and to enhance educational
resources within the region. Overall, Tagaytay Elementary School serves as a model
institution, dedicated to providing students with a comprehensive and enriching learning
experience.

The school is strategically located in Cavite, the school building will be easily
accessible to students and staff from neighboring areas, ensuring educational
opportunities for all. Its design will prioritize natural lighting, ventilation, and energy
efficiency, fostering a healthy and sustainable learning environment. Furthermore, the
construction will comply with local building codes and regulations to guarantee safety
and legal standards. In essence, the school aims to provide an accessible, environmentally
friendly, and compliant space for education.

6
1.2 Location of the Project
In the Philippines, there are some areas where it does not affect much seismic activity
and also creates a flood-free environment. Tagaytay in Cavite is a hazard-free area, so it
is safe to build schools with the addition of a cool climate. Tagaytay is situated at a
higher elevation compared to low-lying areas, is generally less prone to flooding by
compared to many other parts of the Philippines. Tagaytay have also implemented
measures such as maintaining drainage systems, improving infrastructure, and monitoring
weather conditions. These efforts aim to minimize the risk of flooding and protect the
local communities.

Compared to urban areas, Tagaytay is generally less crowded, which can contribute to
a safer and calmer environment for students. The school is easy to enroll in since it can be
seen along the road. The location also has cool and refreshing climate, especially
compared to the hotter and more humid lowlands which potentially reducing stress and
improving focus. Being away from the hustle and commotion of urban areas can lead to
less air pollution, contributing to a healthier and more breathable learning environment.

7
 CHAPTER 2
DESIGN INPUTS

2.1 Architectural Plans

This proposed public-school building located at Tagaytay, Cavite consists of the
architectural plans which are the perspective and site development plan, ground floor to
fourth plans including the roof deck, and elevation and section plans. The ground floor
includes the following rooms: Cafeteria, Office of Students Affair, Guidance Office,
Principal’s Office, Clinic, Tellering, Admission Office, Publication Office, and Storage.
The second floor consists of 7 Classrooms, Kindergarten Room, and Faculty Room. The
third floor consists of a 6 Classroom, Home Economics Room, and Science Laboratory,
and the fourth floor includes the Library, SPED Room, and 2 Computer Laboratory

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
 2.2 Structural Plans
The structural plans consist of the foundation plan, and ground floor to roof deck
framing plans for reinforced concrete

22
23
24
25
26
27
28
2.2 Calculation of Initial Member Sizes
Discuss and show here the process of calculating the initial member sizes for beams,
slab, column, and foundation.

2.2.1 Calculation of Initial Member Sizes for Beams and Girders

Discuss and show here the process of calculating the initial member sizes for beams
and girders. Show the table of requirements from the code to compute the beam and
girders initial size. Follow APA format for the table, see below sample:

Table 2.1
Summary of Design Requirements

Specifications Target Value Reference

Accelerometers Three DPWH, 2015

High-Rise Building ≥ 50 meters DPWH, 2015

Natural Frequency ≥ 50 Hz DPWH, 2015

Damping 60 – 70% critical DPWH, 2015

Story Drift 0.5% ASCE 7-16

29
 2.2.1.1 Manual Calculation

BOTH END CONTINOUS

COMPUTATIONFOR MINIMUM bw
ℎ=
21
:
6000 = 𝟐. 1 𝑟 𝟑 bw = 0.3h or 250
21

ONE END CONTINOUS Bw=0.3(300) = 90 or we could say 300

ℎ= 6000 =. 𝑟𝟑
18.5 : 18.5

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

ℎ=
16 6000 = 𝑟𝟑
: 16

2.2.1.2 Beam and Girder Size Summary

BEAM LENGTH (mm) SUPPORT MINIMUM DEPTH, BEAM
DESIGNATION CONDITION h(mm) WIDTH (MM)
G-1 6000 ONE END 300 300
CONTINOUS
G-2 6000 BOTH ENDS 350 300
CONTINOUS
B-1 6000 SIMPLY 400 300
SUPPORTED

30
2.2.2 Calculation of Initial Member Sizes for Slab
Discuss and show here the process of calculating the initial member sizes for beams
and girders. Show the table of requirements from the code to compute the beam and
girders initial size. Follow APA format for the table, see below sample:

Table 2.1
Summary of Design Requirements

Mm Target Value Reference

Accelerometers Three DPWH, 2015

High-Rise Building ≥ 50 meters DPWH, 2015

Natural Frequency ≥ 50 Hz DPWH, 2015

Damping 60 – 70% critical DPWH, 2015

Story Drift 0.5% ASCE 7-16

31
 2.2.2.1 Manual Calculation
S-1
SHORT SPAN(S) =3000
LONG SPAN (L) =6000
= 6000 = 1 (TWO WAY SLAB)
6000

The slab is two way therefore the formula for the slab is:
P = 2(+) = 2 ( 3000+3000) = 66.6667 THERFORE 150 mm
180 180

2.2.2.2 Slab Size Summary

SLAB SHORT LONG S/L TYPE SUPPORT MINIMUM ROUNDE
DESIGNATION SIDE S, SIDE OF CONDITIO THICKNE D OFF
(mm) L, SLAB N SS t, (mm)
(mm)
S-1 6000 6000 1 TWO N/A 66.6667 150
WAY
SLAB
S-2 6000 6000 1 TWO N/A 133.3334 150
WAY
SLAB

32
2.2.3 Calculation of Initial Member Sizes for Column
2.2.3.1 Manual Calculation
A. SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD SDL
ADD PRESSURE LOADS = FLOORING/TILES + CEILING/FRAMING + UTILITIES
1.4+0.18+0.5+0.1436= 2.1236
PRESSURE LOADD ON SLAB
24 𝑁
× 0.150 = 3.6

TOTAL SDL = ADD PRESSURE LOADS + PRESSURE LOAD ON SLAB

2.1236 + 3.6 = 5.7236
B. SELF WEIGHT (COLUMN, GINTERMEDIATE BEAMS, GIRDERS, INTERIOR WALLS)
SELF WEIGHT = UNIT WEIGHT × HEIGHT × LENGTH × WIDTH
FOR GIRDER G-1: 24 × 0.30 × 0.30 × 3 = 6.48
FOR GIRDER G-2: 24 ×0.3×0.30 ×3= 6.48
FOR COLUMN: 24 × 3 × 0.3 × 3 = 6.48
FOR EXTERIOR WALLS = (PRESSUIRE LOAD + PLASTERING)×HEIGHT×LENGTH
FOR EXTERIOR WALLS:(3.97 + 0.1436 + 2(0.24)) × 3 × 2.5 = 34.452 (3.97 + 0.1436 + 2(0.24)) ×
3 × 3 = 41.3424
TOTAL SELF WEIGHT = SUMMATE = 60.7824
C. COMPUTE FOR TOTAL DEAD LOAD
TRIBUTARY AREA = 9
FOR C-1 SDL = SDL × TRIBUTARY AREA
SDL = 5.7236 × 9= 51.5124
TOTAL DEAD LOAD = SELF WEIGHT + SDL
TOTAL DEAD LOAD = 51.5124+60.7824 = 112.2948
D. SAMPLE COMPUTATION FOR LIVE LOAD
LL = 1.9
TOTAL LL = 1.9×9 = 17.1
E. FACTORED CALCULATION FOR C – 1 FACTORED LOAD
C-1(2ND FLOOR) Pu= 1.2DL + 1.6LL =
Pu = 1.2(112.2948) + 1.6(17.1) = 162.11376
F. CALCULATION FOR AREA GROSS

33
 STRENGTH OF CONCRETE fc =28MPA
YIELD STRENTH OF STEEL fy=414
STEEL RATIO, p =2% =0.02
REDUCTION FACTORR 0.65
TRIBUTARY AREA 9
TIED COLUMN= 0.80
AS= 0.02AG
Pu= reduction factor × TIED COLUMN (0.85fc (Ag-0.03Ag) + o.o2Ag
fy)
TOTAL PU =822.498
822.498 × 10 2 = (0.65)(0.80)(0/85(28)(Ag-0.02Ag)+0.02Ag(420))
Ag=49859.0031
b = 49859.0031 = 223.291297

2.2.3.2 Column Size Summary

COLUMN TRIBUTARY ULTIMATE ADDIRIONAL FACTORED GROSS

DESIGNATION AREA LOAD LOAD LOAD, PU AREA SAY
223.2912
C-1 9 214.273056 822.498048 49859.0031 966 300
274.9439
C-2 36 309.97152 1247.03808 1247.03808 801 300
286.5806
C-3 36 345.9024 1354.83072 1354.83072 579 300
259.8100
C-4 36 265.46976 1113.5328 1113.5328 01 300
295.1340
C-5 36 386.9424 1436.91072 1436.91072 041 300
290.8887
C-6 36 359.5824 1395.87072 1395.87072 707 300
290.8887
C-7 36 359.5824 1395.87072 1395.87072 707 300
285.6727
C-8 36 359.5824 1346.25984 1346.25984 417 300
226.9747
C-9 9 214.273056 849.858048 849.858048 536 300
C-10 18 309.97152 1177.91808 1177.91808 267.2156 350

34
 572
324.9199
C-11 36 395.57952 1741.58208 1741.58208 152 400
354.2250
C-12 36 549.52128 2203.40736 2203.40736 4 400

354.2250
C-13 36 505.01952 2069.90208 2069.90208 4 400
365.4700
C-14 36 549.52128 2203.40736 2203.40736 187 400
351.5922
C-15 36 494.80128 2039.24736 2039.24736 649 400
351.5922
C-16 36 494.80128 2039.24736 2039.24736 649 350
267.2156
C-17 36 494.80128 1940.0256 1940.0256 572 300
295.2599
C-18 18 309.97152 1177.91808 1177.91808 746 300
342.9320
C-19 18 440.08128 1438.1376 1438.1376 597 350
357.1464
C-20 36 494.80128 1940.0256 1940.0256 846 400
354.2250
C-21 36 499.9104 2104.1856 2104.1856 4 400
343.9865
C-22 36 505.01952 2069.90208 2069.90208 422 400
365.4700
C-23 36 465.7104 1951.97472 1951.97472 187 400
365.4700
C-24 36 549.52128 2203.40736 2203.40736 187 400
365.4700
C-25 36 549.52128 2203.40736 2203.40736 187 400
274.8645
C-26 36 549.52128 2203.40736 2203.40736 967 300
291.7128
C-27 18 337.33152 1246.31808 1246.31808 371 300

35
 337.2084
C-28 18 401.3424 1403.79072 1403.79072 705 350
352.1814
C-29 36 443.68128 1875.80736 1875.80736 229 400
354.2250
C-30 36 515.32128 2046.08736 2046.08736 4 400
354.4987
C-31 36 505.01952 2069.90208 2069.90208 444 400
354.7722
C-32 36 506.61952 2073.10208 2073.10208 376 400
355.0455
C-33 36 508.21952 2076.30208 2076.30208 201 400
346.7352
C-34 36 509.81952 2079.50208 2079.50208 42 350
301.4983
C-35 36 476.1504 1983.29472 1983.29472 484 350
293.1307
C-36 18 428.7024 1499.55072 1499.55072 68 300
336.1127
C-37 18 401.3424 1417.47072 1417.47072 283 350
364.3337
C-38 36 443.68128 1863.63648 1863.63648 299 400
354.2250
C-39 36 564.93216 2189.72736 2189.72736 4 400
354.2250
C-40 36 505.01952 2069.90208 2069.90208 4 400
356.8596
C-41 36 505.01952 2069.90208 2069.90208 726 400
356.8596
C-42 36 515.32128 2100.80736 2100.80736 726 400
341.9184
C-43 36 515.32128 2100.80736 2100.80736 944 350
298.7351
C-44 36 476.1504 1928.57472 1928.57472 979 300
274.3006
C-45 18 428.7024 1472.19072 1472.19072 322 300

36
 338.9760
C-46 18 309.97152 1241.20896 1241.20896 253 350
362.6226
C-47 36 395.57952 1895.52384 1895.52384 207 400
354.2250
C-48 36 549.52128 2169.20736 2169.20736 4 400
354.2250
C-49 36 505.01952 2069.90208 2069.90208 4 400
365.4700
C-50 36 505.01952 2069.90208 2069.90208 187 400
355.5554
C-51 36 549.52128 2203.40736 2203.40736 764 400
365.4700
C-52 36 510.21216 2085.48 2085.48 187 400
290.8137
C-53 36 549.52128 2203.40736 2203.40736 398 300
223.3090
C-54 18 386.9424 822.6288 1395.15072 441 300
274.9439
C-55 9 214.31664 1247.03808 822.6288 801 300
306.0038
C-56 36 309.97152 1544.70336 1247.03808 589 350
301.9115
C-57 36 409.19328 1503.66336 1544.70336 072 350
301.9115
C-58 36 395.51328 1503.66336 1503.66336 072 350
306.0038
C-59 36 395.51328 1544.70336 1503.66336 589 350
290.8887
C-60 36 409.19328 1395.87072 1544.70336 707 300
223.3090
C-61 36 359.5824 1247.03808 1395.87072 441 300
223.3090
C-62 36 309.97152 822.6288 1247.03808 441 300
223.3090
C-63 9 214.31664 822.6288 822.6288 441 300

37
2.2.4 Calculation of Initial Member Sizes for Foundation
Discuss and show here the process of calculating the initial member sizes for beams
and girders. Show the table of requirements from the code to compute the beam and
girders initial size.

2.2.4.1 Manual Calculation

Show manual calculations of initial beam and girder sizes. See Module 3 as reference.
A. SAMPLE COMPUTATION FOR FOUNDATION
COMPUTE FOR UNFACTORED LOAD
TOTAL DEAD LOAD OF COLUMN (C-1) = 559.415 kN
TOTAL LIVE LOAD OF COLUMN (C-1) = 94.5 kN
UNFACTORED LOAD= DL LL = 653.915 Kn

COMPUTE FOR FOUNDATION DIMENSION

ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY=230kPa
653.915
= 230
= 1.6862 SAY 2

Therefore, Use footing dimension of (F-1) is 2m x 2m, isolated footing

COMPUTE FOR THICKNESS OF FOOTING
Pu=1.2DL+1.6LL= 1.2(559.415)+1.6(94.5)=822.498
𝑢 = Pu = 822.498 = 205.6245kPa
A 2x2

ONE WAY SHEAR

= l − col −
2 2

2000 300
= 2− 2−

= 850 −
DEMAND CAPACITY
∑Fv=0 𝛟Vn = 𝛟0.17 '𝑤
38
 𝑢 = qu()() 𝛟Vn = (0.75)(0.17) 28 3000
𝑢 = 205.6245 (850 − )(2000)
1000

DEMAND = CAPACITY
𝑢 = 205.6245 (850 − )(2000) = 𝛟Vn = (0.75)(0.17) '
1000 3000
d1 = 143.5425 mm

ONE-WAY SHEAR
ℎ = 1 + + db = 143.5325 + 75 + 20 = 228.5325 𝑎 250
2 2

Therefore, Use footing size (F-1) of 2m x 2m x 0.250m

2.2.4.2 Foundation Size Summary

Show summary of initial beam and girder sizes. See Module 3 as reference.

Allowable
FOOTING Bearing FOOTING THICKNESS
DESIGNATION Pa (kN) Capacity (kPa) DIMENSION (mm)
(m)
653.91504
F-1/C-1 230 2x2 250
F-2/C-2 976.1984 230 3x3 350
F-3/C-3 1074.5756 230 3x3 350
F-4/C-4 830.744 230 2x2 300
F-5/C-5 1125.8756 230 3x3 350
F-6/C-6 1100.2256 230 3x3 350
F-7/C-7 1100.2256 230 3x3 350
F-8/C-8 1058.8832 230 3x3 330
F-9/C-9 671.01504 230 2x2 250
F-10/C-10 932.9984 230 3x3 350
F-11/C-11 1325.3184 230 3x3 400
F-12/C-12 1675.9728 230 3x3 450
F-13/C-13 1530.5184 230 3x3 450
F-14/C-14 1675.9728 230 3x3 450
F-15/C-15 1573.3728 230 3x3 450
F-16/C-16 1573.3728 230 3x3 450
F-17/C-17 1490.688 230 3x3 450

39
F-18/C-18 932.9984 230 3x3 350
F-19/C-19 1149.848 230 3x3 350
F-20/C-20 1490.688 230 3x3 450
F-21/C-21 1593.288 230 3x3 450
F-22/C-22 1530.5184 230 3x3 450
F-23/C-23 1487.8206 230 3x3 450
F-24/C-24 1675.9728 230 3x3 450
F-25/C-25 1675.9728 230 3x3 450
F-26/C-26 1675.9728 230 3x3 450
F-27/C-27 975.7488 230 3x3 350
F-28/C-28 1105.1756 230 3x3 350
F-29/C-29 1471.2228 230 3x3 400
1577.6478
F-30/C-30 230 3x3 450
F-31/C-31 1530.5184 230 3x3 450
F-32/C-32 1532.5184 230 3x3 450
F-33/C-33 1534.5184 230 3x3 450
F-34/C-34 1536.5184 230 3x3 450
F-35/C-35 1507.3956 230 3x3 450
F-36/C-36 1165.0256 230 3x3 350
F-37/C-37 1113.7256 230 3x3 350
F-38/C-38 1453.2804 230 3x3 450
F-39/C-39 1667.4228 230 3x3 450
F-40/C-40 1530.5184 230 3x3 450
F-41/C-41 1530.5184 230 3x3 450
F-42/C-42 1611.8478 230 3x3 450
F-43/C-43 1611.8478 230 3x3 450
F-44/C-44 1473.1956 230 3x3 450
F-45/C-45 1147.9256 230 3x3 350
F-46/C-46 982.8908 230 3x3 350
F-47/C-47 1442.2032 230 3x3 450
F-48/C-48 1654.5978 230 3x3 450
F-49/C-49 1530.5184 230 3x3 450
F-50/C-50 1530.5184 230 3x3 450
F-51/C-51 1675.9728 230 3x3 450

F-52/C-52 1633.275 230 3x3 450

F-53/C-53 1675.9728 230 3x3 450

40
F-54/C-54 1099.7756 230 2x2 350
F-55/C-55 654.024 230 2x2 250
F-56/C-56 976.1984 230 2x2 300
F-57/C-57 1224.2528 230 2x2 350
F-58/C-58 1198.6028 230 2x2 350
F-59/C-59 1198.6028 230 2x2 350
F-60/C-60 1224.2528 230 2x2 350
F-61/C-61 1100.2256 230 2x2 300
F-62/C-62 976.1984 230 2x2 300
F-63/C-63 654.024 230 2x2 250

41
 CHAPTER 3
DESIGN LOADS

3.1 Load Analysis

All loads used in the structure shall be in accordance with National Structural Code of
the Philippines 2015 and other references.
3.1.1 Dead load ( NSCP 2015 Table204-1)
COMPONENT UNIT WEIGHT (KN/M3)
REINFORCED CONCRETE 24KN/M3

3.1.2 Su[erimposed Dead Loads

COMPONENT UNIT WEIGHT (KN/M3)
SLAB 24KN/M3
PRESSURELOADS
(FLOORING/TILES 1.3, 0.18 , AND 0.5 KN/M3
CEILING/FRAMING,AND
UTILITIES)

3.1.3 Live Loads

COMPONENT UNIT WEIGHT (KN/M3)

CORRIDOR GROUND. STAIRS, 4.8
AND ROOFDECKS
CLKASSROOMS, CHAPELS,
LIBRARY, AND OFFIVCE 1.9
CORRIFOR ABOVEGROUND 3.8
FLOOR

42
3.1.4 Earthquake Loads

SEISMIC LOAD PARAMAETER

SEISMIC PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
SEISMIC IMPORTANCE 1.5 STANDARD
FACTOR
SEISMIC ZONE FACTOR Z=0.4 ZONE 4
SOIL PROFILE TYPE SD STIFF SOIL
SEISMIC SOURCE TYPE A TAGAYTAY
RESPONSE MODIFICATION 13.5 Reinforced Concrete
COEFFICIENT (R)
OVER STRENGTH FACTOR 2.8 Reinforced Concrete
NEAR SOURCE FACTOR Na= 1 Closes distant to known seismic
Nv=1.12 source
SEISMIC COEFFICIENT Ca= 0.44 SOIL TYPE SD
Cv=0.44
NUMERICAL COEFFICIENT Ct=0.0731 REINFORCED CONCRETE
GIVEN IN SECTION 208.5.2.2

43
3.1.5 Wind Loads
WIND LOAD PARAMETER (BASE SHEAR)
V 15316.620
Vmax 16129.552 >V
Vmin 6032.4524 <V
Vmin 4692.233273 <V

44
3.2 Load Calculation
3.2.1 Dead Loads by Self-Weight Manual Calculation

DEAD LOADS PER MEMBERS

GROUND LEVEL
UNIT QUANTI
MEMBERS WEIGHT LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT TY LOAD
COLUMN
C-1 24 0.3 0.3 3 22 142.56
C-2 24 0.35 0.35 3 14 0
C-3 24 0.4 0.4 3 27 311.04
WALLS
EXTERIOR (PRESSURE LOAD + PLASTERING) * HEIGHT AND LENGTH
330.739
4.1136 0.48 3 3 8 2
1984.43
4.1136 0.48 6 3 24 5
WALLS
INTERIOR (PRESSURE LOAD + PLASTERING) * HEIGHT AND LENGTH
3 0.15 6 3 25 1417.5
3 0.15 3 3 0 0
3 0.15 12 3 0 0
4186.27
TOTAL: 4
DEAD LOADS PER MEMBERS
SECOND FLOOR
UNIT QUANTI
MEMBERS WEIGHT LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT TY LOAD
COLUMN
C-1 24 0.3 0.3 3 22 142.56
C-2 24 0.35 0.35 3 14 123.48
C-3 24 0.4 0.4 3 27 311.04
GIRDERS
G-1 24 3 0.3 0.3 27 174.96
G-2 24 6 0.3 0.3 24 311.04
G-3 24 6 0.35 0.3 67 1013.04

45
 BEAM
24 6 0.4 0.3 2 34.56
WALLS
EXTERIOR (PRESSURE LOAD + PLASTERING) * HEIGHT AND LENGTH
330.739
4.1136 0.48 3 3 8 2
1984.43
4.1136 0.48 6 3 24 5
WALLS
INTERIOR (PRESSURE LOAD + PLASTERING) * HEIGHT AND LENGTH
3 0.15 6 3 32 1814.4
3 0.15 3 3 0 0
3 0.15 12 3 0 0
6240.25
TOTAL: 4
DEAD LOADS PER MEMBERS
THIRD FLOOR
UNIT QUANTI
MEMBERS WEIGHT LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT TY LOAD
COLUMN
C-1 24 0.3 0.3 3 22 142.56
C-2 24 0.35 0.35 3 14 123.48
C-3 24 0.4 0.4 3 27 311.04
GIRDERS
G-1 24 3 0.3 0.3 27 174.96
G-2 24 6 0.3 0.3 24 311.04
G-3 24 6 0.35 0.3 67 1013.04
BEAM
24 6 0.4 0.3 2 34.56
WALLS
EXTERIOR (PRESSURE LOAD + PLASTERING) * HEIGHT AND LENGTH
330.739
4.1136 0.48 3 3 8 2
4.1136 0.48 6 3 24 1984.43

46
 WALLS
INTERIOR (PRESSURE LOAD + PLASTERING) * HEIGHT AND LENGTH
3 0.15 6 3 32 1814.4
3 0.15 3 3 0 0
3 0.15 12 3 0 0
6240.25
T0TAL 4
DEAD LOADS PER MEMBERS
FOURTH FLOOR
UNIT HEIGHT QUANTI
MEMBERS WEIGHT LENGTH WIDTH (THICKNESS) TY LOAD
COLUMN
C-1 24 0.3 0.3 3 22 142.56
C-2 24 0.35 0.35 3 14 123.48
C-3 24 0.4 0.4 3 27 311.04
GIRDERS
G-1 24 3 0.3 0.3 27 174.96
G-2 24 6 0.3 0.3 24 311.04
G-3 24 6 0.35 0.3 67 1013.04
BEAM
34.
24 6 0.4 0.3 2 56
WALLS
EXTERIOR (PRESSURE LOAD + PLASTERING) * HEIGHT AND LENGTH
330
4.1136 0.48 3 3 8 .7392
198
4.1136 0.48 6 3 24 4.435
WALLS
INTERIOR (PRESSURE LOAD + PLASTERING) * HEIGHT AND LENGTH
158
3 0.15 6 3 28 7.6
3 0.15 3 3 0 0
3 0.15 12 3 0 0

6013.45
TOTAL: 4

47
 DEAD LOADS PER MEMBERS
ROOF DECK
UNIT HEIGHT QUANTI
MEMBERS WEIGHT LENGTH WIDTH (THICKNESS) TY LOAD
COLUMN
C-1 24 0.3 0.3 1.5 22 20671.2
C-2 24 0.35 0.35 1.5 14 5371.38
13530.2
C-3 24 0.4 0.4 1.5 27 4
GRILLS UNIT WEIGHT LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT
71.0830
4.1136 0.48 3 1.5 8 1
4.1136 0.48 6 1.5 24 426.498
TOTAL: 40070.4

48
3.2.2 Dead Loads by Self-Weight Computer Generated Calculation
SUMMARY OF TOTAL WEIGHTS
MANUAL COMPUTED TOTAL COMPUTER GENERATED TOTAL
WEIGHT WEIGHT
83091.631KN 85569.56734KN
DISCREPANCY = 2.90%

49
 3.2.3 Superimposed Dead Loads by Manual Calculation

SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD

SECOND FLOOR
SLAB 24 3 3 0.15 4 129.6
24 6 6 0.15 24 3110.4
24 6 3 0.15 35 2268
PRESSURE FLOORING CEILING/FRAM UTILITIE
LOADS /TILES ING S QUANTITY
1.3 0.18 0.5 63 32.98
TOTAL 5540.98
THIRD FLOOR
SLAB 24 3 3 0.15 4 129.6
24 6 6 0.15 24 3110.4
24 6 3 0.15 35 2268
PRESSURE FLOORING CEILING/FRAM UTILITIE
LOADS /TILES ING S QUANTITY
1.3 0.18 0.5 63 32.98
TOTAL 5540.98
FOURTH FLOOR
SLAB 24 3 3 0.15 4 129.6
24 6 6 0.15 24 3110.4
24 6 3 0.15 35 2268
PRESSURE FLOORING CEILING/FRAM UTILITIE
LOADS /TILES ING S QUANTITY
1.3 0.18 0.5 63 32.98
TOTAL 5540.98
ROOF DECK
UNIT HEIGHT
MEMBERS WEIGHT LENGTH WIDTH (THICKNESS) QUANTITY LOAD
SLAB
24 3 3 0.15 4 129.6
24 6 6 0.15 24 3110.4
24 6 3 0.15 35 2268
TOTAL 5508

50
3.2.4 Superimposed Dead Loads by Computer Generated Calculation

APPLIED SDL IN UNIT WEIGHT (KN/M3)

SLAB 24KN/M3
PRESSURELOADS
(FLOORING/TILES 1.3, 0.18 , AND 0.5 KN/M3
CEILING/FRAMING,AND
UTILITIES)

51
3.2.5 Live Loads by Manual Calculation

GROUND LEVEL (LIVE LOAD)

PRESSURE
LIVE LOADS LOADS LENGTH WIDTH QUANTITY LOAD
CORRIDORS 4.8 3 3 2 86.4
4665.
4.8 6 6 27 6
4.8
OFFICE 1.9 12 12 1 273.6
1.9 6 6 4 273.6
CAFETERIA 1.9 18 12 1 410.4
RESTROOMS 1.9 3 3 2 34.2
1.9 6 6 4 273.6
6017.
TOTAL 4
SECOND FLOOR LEVEL (LIVE LOAD)
CLASSROOMS 1.9 12 6 5 684
1.9 6 12 2 273.6
1.9 12 12 2 547.2
RESTROOMS 1.9 3 3 2 34.2
3009.
CORRIDORS 3.8 6 6 22 6
3.8 3 3 2 68.4
STAIRS 4.8 6 6 2 345.6
4962.
TOTAL: 6
SECOND FLOOR LEVEL (LIVE LOAD)
CLASSROOMS 1.9 12 6 5 684
1.9 6 12 2 273.6
1.9 12 12 2 547.2
RESTROOMS 1.9 3 3 2 34.2
3009.
CORRIDORS 3.8 6 6 22 6
3.8 3 3 2 68.4
STAIRS 4.8 6 6 2 345.6

52
 4962.
TOTAL: 6
FOURTH FLOOR LEVEL (LIVE LOAD)
CLASSROOMS 1.9 12 6 3 410.4
1.9 6 12 2 273.6
CHAPELS 1.9 12 12 1 273.6
LIBRARY 1.9 18 12 1 410.4
3283.
CORRIDOR 3.8 6 6 24 2
3.8 3 3 2 68.4
RESTROOMS 1.9 3 3 2 34.2
STAIRS 4.8 6 6 2 345.6
5099.
TOTAL 4
ROOFDECK
ROOF DECK
CORRIDOR 4.8 3 3 4 172.8
2073.
4.8 6 3 24 6
4.8 6 6 35 6048
STAIRS 4.8 6 6 2 345.6
TOTAL 8640

53
3.2.6 Live Loads by Computer Generated Calculation

APPLIED LIVE LOADS (KN/M3)

CORRIDOR GROUND. STAIRS, 4.8
AND ROOFDECKS
CLKASSROOMS, CHAPELS,
LIBRARY, AND OFFIVCE 1.9
CORRIFOR ABOVEGROUND 3.8
FLOOR

54
 CHAPTER 4
IRREGULARITY CHECK

4.1 Torsional Irregularity Check

The Four Storey Building has been designed to ensure balanced response to torque
applied from any direction and can withstand lateral forces like wind and earthquakes
more effectively, reducing the risk of collapse and injuries. Earthquakes are a major
concern when it comes to torsional irregularities. The twisting motion can significantly
amplify the seismic forces acting on the building. This can lead to more severe cracking,
member failure, and even collapse in extreme cases.

55
56
4.2 Stiffness Irregularity Check
The proposed four-story school building has been designed to ensure structural stability and safety
for all students and staff. After thorough analysis, it has been determined that there are no stiffness
irregularities present on any of the floors. This design will provide a secure and safe learning
environment for all.
Y-DIRECTION

LEVELS STIFFNESS ki CHECK K =avg(k +k +……K )

i 1 2 i k i CHECK
X-
DIRECTION K i+1 K i+1

0.7 0.7

SECOND 3418728.62 2.11 REGULAR 910955.24 1.44 REGULAR

THIRD 1682264.02 1.53 REGULAR 658289.36 1.58 REGULAR

FOURTH 1107964.54 1.32 REGULAR 52583.34 1.93 REGULAR

ROOF 842145.64 1.23 REGULAR 438081.89 2.95 REGULAR

X- DIRECTION

LEVELS STIFFNESS ki CHECK K =avg(k +k +……K )

i 1 2 i k i CHECK
X-
DIRECTION K i+1 K i+1

0.7 0.7

SECOND 3418728.62 2.03 REGULAR 1210791.42 2.82 REGULAR

THIRD 1682264.02 1.52 REGULAR 877827.02 1.92 REGULAR

FOURTH 1107964.54 1.32 REGULAR 698940.10 1.59 REGULAR

ROOF 842145.64 1.23 REGULAR 4579281.08 1.45 REGULAR

57
4.3 Mass Irregularity Check
The proposed four storey school building has been designed that each floor may vary
in weight however it does not exceed in more than 150% on its weight which shows that
the design of this building does not show irregularities on its mass. Therefore, we could
ensure the building design has been carefully design to ensure the safety of and stability
of the building.

LEVELS WEIGHT IN MASS WEIGHT RATIO

KN IRREGULARITIES

SECOND 41003.98848 6155.98272 REGULAR

THIRD 46475.13235 69712.69853 REGULAR

FOURTH 50579.12083 75868.68125 REGULAR

ROOF
DECK
42371.14387 63556.71581 REGULAR

4.4 Vertical Geometric Irregularity Check

The proposed four-storey school building has been designed without any vertical
geometric irregularities. This design approach ensures that the building is structurally
sound and safe for occupancy, as it eliminates the risk of any potential structural
weaknesses or imbalances caused by irregularities in its shape or structure. The building's
consistent and uniform shape and structure throughout its height are a testament to the
careful consideration and attention to detail that went into its design.

58
4.5 Diaphragm Discontinuity Irregularity Check
The proposed four-story school building has been designed in a manner that
effectively eliminates any potential diaphragm discontinuity irregularities. Diaphragm
discontinuity irregularities are structural elements that are not appropriately connected or
integrated with the rest of the building's structure, and can lead to a failure of the
building's structural integrity during an earthquake or other natural disasters. The
building's design has been carefully crafted to ensure the highest standards of safety and
suitability for its intended use.

4.6 Re-entrant Corner Irregularity Check

The proposed school building, which is planned to be four-story high, lacks any re-
entrant irregularities in its design. This means that the building does not have any inward-
facing angles or corners that could create potential safety hazards or difficulties in terms
of access and maintenance. The absence of such irregularities is expected to simplify the
construction process, improve the building's structural integrity, and enhance its overall
functionality and safety.

59
 CHAPTER 5
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
5.1 Seismic Analysis Flow Chart
Given the data in chapter 3.1.4 (Seismic Load Parameters)

5.2 Manual Seismic Base Shear Calculation

Base Shear
V 15316.620
Vmax 16129.552 >V
Vmin 6032.4524 <V
Vmin 4692.233273 <V

5.3 Computer Generated Seismic Base Shear Calculation

Calculated Base Shear from ETABS

CALCULATED BASE SHEAR
PERIOD
Direction Vcoeff W (kN) V (kN) Ft (kN)
(sec)
85569.5673
X 0.58942 0.1961 16396.33471 0
4
85569.5673
Y 0.58942 0.1961 16396.33471 0
4

5.4 Manual Story Forces Calculation

Cumulative Sum (Vi)
Floor Wi hi Wi hi (Kn.m) Storey Forces Storey Shear (Kn)
(Kn)
Roof 19927.5364 12 239130.43680 5925.5476980000 5925.5476980327
4 21201.1937 9 190810.74380 4728.20682700000 10653.75453000000
6
3 20761.7069 6 124570.24180 3086.7961400000 13740.55067000000
6
2 21201.1937 3 63603.5813 1576.06894200000 15316.6196100000
6 0
Total 618115.0037 V= 15316.6196080626
Wihi=

60
5.5 Computer Generated Story Forces Calculation
Mass Summary by Story from ETABS
MASS SUMMARY BY STORY
STORY UX (kg) UY (kg) UZ (kg)
RF 2071349.276 2071349.276 0
4F 2201181.831 2201181.831 0
3F 2156381.953 2156381.953 0
2F 2201181.831 2201181.831 0
Base 92592.911 92592.911 0
TOTAL MASS 8722687.802 8722687.802 0

Total Weight =total mass x gravity

m
(8722687.802 x 9.81 2
)
s
Total Weight =
1000 N
Total Weight =85569.56734 kN

61
 CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
6.1 Comparison between Manual Calculation and Computer – Generated Calculation

62
63