In uniform circular motion, Angular displacement (6) = eae ie. 0 -< or s=r0 8 Angular speed (0) = 5 or s-¢ where § = angular displacement in time t > Angular acceleration (a) = 2 or @= = For one complete revolution @ = 27 and t= T 20 -z. ann 1 Frequency = =| Period Le... For one revolution, Period (T) = = or Linear velocity = Radius x angular velocity vn The magnitude of the centripetal acceleration (a)The magnitude of the centrifugal force (F) C.F F.= = = my Maximum and minimum speed: Maximum speed of vehicle on plane horizontal road, Ves = VigD where, j1, = coefficient of static friction. For well of death minimum speed of vehicle, Minimum speed (v_.) = ha For Banked road, (i) Most safe speed (v,) = \rgtan 5 (ii) Banking angle (8) = tan? (iii) Maximum speed of vehicle in terms of coefficient of friction for banked road, a ma 1-p,tan §) (iv| Minimum possible speed in terms of j1, for banked road. in 1 + jitan 6) Conical pendulum: The period of conical pendulum of length (!) and semi vertical angle (0) is =o! cos 8 ae r re 2efleeet or T mea Frequency of conical pendulum. = ""2nltcos8 |{e) ifOissmallcos@=1. .. Period (T) = and (8) For vertical circular motion; Case-I:- Mass tied to a string:- {a} Difference in tension of lowest and highest point, “ T,—T, = 6mg Velocity at highest point or top point (A) V,= 8 ry {e) Velocity at lowest point or Bottom (B) V,= ‘Sra Velocity at point C and D. ws Vo= Vy = Vore Case-I:- Mass tied to a rod:- (a (a) Difference in tension, T, -T, = 6mg (b) (e) Velocity at bottom V, = 2vrg (d) Velocity at point C and D, V, = V, = V2rg Velocity at top, V, = 0 (9) Vehicle at the top of a convex over bridge, V.,, = Vig htop {10} In vertical circular motion Total energy is constant and is T.E = 3 mgr (11) Moment of Inertia of a system of n particle. I=$my? or T= [dm(12) Kinetic Energy: (a) K.E of rigid body rotating about a given axis, i (K.E Jag = 3 1o* {b) K.E of rolling body. (K.E)Rolling body = (K-E.),,, + (K-E.)., -4mv = Feo? (13) Radius of Gyration: I = MK? (14) Theorems: (a) Parallel axes theorem, i,= + Mit (b) Perpendicular axes theorem, L=Ltl (15) Angular momentum (L):- (a) L=rxp- or L=rpsin 0 (b) L=Ie (16) Torque (t) = M.I x Angular acceleration t =lo (17) Body roliing down along an inclined plane: 2gh (a) Linear speed (v) = 47 ay (1 *R } where h - vertical distance (height) Linear distance (s) = and gsin 0 Linear acceleration (a) = Tm om (s)(1) Average velocity (1) Average angular velocity (2) 1" Kinematical eq". | (2) ee (3) 8=o,t+da8 (4) o =o2+200 Momoment of inertiaUniform disc or solid Central ad opiiger i 1=3MR’ aUniform solid Tight circular cone (1) Pressure: Force (F} Area (A) (b) Pressure due to liquid column Pressure (P| = hog where h = depth below free surface p = density of liquid (a) Pressure (P| =———t (c) Gauge pressure = P- P, = hpg (2) Surface tension; {a) Surface Tension (T) 1-£ where F = be the force acting at right angle on imaginary line - drawn on surface of liquid. L= Length of imaginary line drawn on free surface of liguid.Surface Tension (T) = “ where W = The surface energy of surface film A = Area of the film For equilibrium of the drop cos 9 = BT a Excess pressure:- Excess pressure inside a drop ey -2F where P, - Pressure in side the drop P, - Pressure out side the drop r - Radius of drop. Excess pressure inside a soap bubble p-Pj- Capillary rise : Expression for capillary rise or fall for a liquid. pj = 2Tcos 8 mg : _ upg Surface Tension (T), T= 5Soe 6 where h - rise or fall of liquid inside capillary tube 8 - angle of contact r - the radius of capillary bore P - density of liquid i eG i Height « args ie. hes (10)(3) Reynold’s number and critical velocity of Muid: Vea (a) Reynolds number (R,) = 1 (b) Critical velocity (V) = af where, V, = Critical velocity of the fluid R, Reynolds number Co-efficient of viscosity Density of liquid Diameter of tube. Co-efficient of viscosity (1): q 4 where f= Viscous force A (4 A = Area of layer “ = Velocity gradient Stoke's law:- Fy = 6mru Terminal velocity : v= & Sat=sh where - P - density of sphere o - density of medium | - co-efficient of viscosity Flux and continuity : dv_dm Mass flux =? a a Volume flux = & Equation of continuity, A,V, = A,V, (4)(10) Work done, Bennoullis equation and Efflux (a) Work done due to force other than conservative force of gravity W= AKE + APE (>) Bernoullis equation (i P,=P,= 5 oS Va path, ~ (ij P+3 9V? + pgh = constant (0) Speed of efflux (¥) = \2gh (d) Rate of flow of liquid passing through a cross section Qgh = V3-V2 (1) Gas Laws : (a) Boyle's law: P “t ie, PV = constant (at constant temp) (b) Charle's law: VT Le. x. constant (at constant pressure) {e) Gay-Lussac's law; PaT ie R= constant (at const volume) (d) Ideal gas equation: PV = nRT -M_N (e) Number of moles l=, N, {) Boltzmann constant (K,) = = ‘a (2) Mean free path and Rms velocity : 1 KT a) Mean free path (i) = a Bra \ad'p (12)(b) (c) (a) (a) AB+BC+CD+..... N Ci+ Cot s+... Cr N Mean free path (A) = Mean velocity (C) = a a 2 Mean square velocity 9 Cet Se th Cet ay <= Foe 2 J RMS velocity (C) = G?= JEL SLE CI ae ‘The pressure exerted by gas. 1 1 Nme? 1M Pager fh) Peay) Peay’ Ras, velocity and speed of sound : . - where M, = Num RMS velocity (C), a ° = Molar mass of gas 3P cn Speed of sund in aan = fig where = G adiabatic constant Kinetic Energy: K.E per unit volume = 5 RT K.E of one mole or one kilomole of gas = ; RT K.E per molecules = : KT 4 3RT KE per unit mass = 2M (13)(6) Mayer's relation where, C, = ific heat of a gas at Beas : ee C, = Specific heat of a gas at R constant volume ()C,-C=> where, J= Mechanical equivalent of heat (c)s,- «3B where, 8, and S, = are the principal By MJ specific heats at constant pressure and volume respectively Monoatomic, diatomic and polyatomic gases : For monoatomic gases, é (i) Total internal energy = 3 K,T xN, ty=g=3 3 For Diatomic gases; For rigid gas: é (i) Total internal en =5 KT xN, 7 lily= & == Cc, 5 For non rigid gas: ; ti Total internal energy = (3 K,T+K,T)N, For polyatomic gases, 5 _{3 3 (i) Total internal energy energy = | 7&TtZ K,T+fK,T|N, (14)+f (8) Co-efficients of absorption, reflection and transmisston: (a) Co-efficient of absorption (a) = & (b) Co-efficient of reflection (r} 3 (c) Co-efficient of transmission (# (d) Magnetic field outside the solenoid and outside the torvid is zero, ie. B= 0 (1) Magnetic dipole savin (My: {a} (Magnetic length) = — (Geometric length) ale fu {b) Magnetic dipole moment (M) = 21 m (32)Torque, angular acceleration and period : Torque acting on magnetic dipole in uniform magnetic field, t= MBsin 0 Magnetic potential energy ee =-MBcos 0 Angular acceleration = ~ oo Period of angular oscillations of bar magnet, Tanks Magnetic momont of orbiting electron: M,=th=4 eur e enh Ma bb Fone Gyromagnetic ratio= Mot « © Net etic moment (M. __ Net magnetic moment (M,.) Magnatication (i) Volume (V) Magnetic intensity (H) = nl B=5,+B,andB=y, m+ Magnetic susceptibility (x) = # Bey, (1+ y)H B=pH and p=" (1+) Curies Low and Curle temperature : sean: ch bh) xey-t- ee Tor where, C * Curie constant T, = Curie temperature ‘oh 133)Magnetic Sux and Magnetic induction : Magnetic flux (i) * BA *. Magnetic induction B= A Faraday's law: Magnitude of induced emf is e= at so(for one turn] e= nat a. iforn turns) emf and power: emf induced in the coil, e=Bly Motional emf in a rotating bar, e= 1 Bor cua face in a secondary coil in a changing magnetic field, ar T emf induced in rotating cail-in magnetic field, e= e,sinot Power= BV BLN" Self Inductance; 4=Ll OR Lee ead ttt Energy of circuit « dup a Inductances of a solenoid: L= jj, Inductances in series; L= L, +L, +L, + ..... (a4)tu) () (5) fa) (b) (e) Indtictances in parallel: ret; ht Energy density of magnetic field (ul 5 3e Mutual Inductance: 4"Ml, oar M*= t oem a Co-efficient of coupling between two circuits, Lat of New + NN, = Yigky + M=y0b, (AsK=1) For Transformer:- e NX, by ene rk where K is called transformer ratio Pp Power of transformer, 1 = —“** x 100 ‘awe Induced emf in rotating coil placed in uniform magnetic field, = esinot where ¢, is the peal value of emf. (2) The current in circuit connected to generator, I= 1, sin (of) (3) Average and Rms Values of Ac : (a) Average value of AC €,,* 0.637 ¢, and 1, = 0.637 |, (35)RMS values - mn Resistive, inductive and capacitive circuit: For pure resistive circuit, = R For pure inductive circuit, |, = = For pure capacitive cireuit,|, = - ae (i) Inductive reactance X, = oL = 2n/L 1 1 ae ~ Rafe (ii) Capacitive reactance X. = —= LCR circuit: Impedance (Z) = /R? + (A, - XX)? z= fo) tan p= (SR% LR and CR circuit: For LR eireuit Z=\R + x For CR circuit Z = \R? +X? Average power and power factor: Average power in AC circuit with resistance Po? 8% bay Average power in AC circuit with inductor 70 Average power in AC circuit with capacitor Puy 0 Average ee in LER cireuit Pay, Sporn Lamy OR Power factor (cox) = g =e bower Apparent power (36)(8) (a) (b) (i) (2) (3) (4) Resonant frequency and factor: Resonant frequeney (f) “Re ee er Q factor = ———— me 7, For choke coil: (i) Power factor a (i) Average power =I,» €,,, » casd Photon energy = hv = He Photo electric work function (9,) = hv, where h - Planck's constant v, ~ Threshold frequency v ~ Frequency of radiation Threshold frequency (y) =~ De - Broglie Hypothenis: pee where, p~ momentum h E - energy of photon Ry © - velocity of radiation p*mene ol. First postulate, r "ana, s Second postulate, mur= a Third postulate, hv = E,-E, Radius of n™ orbit, rent "rm, a Velocity (v) = an” Energy of an electron: For n" orbit E, Ben For hydrogen atom Z = 1 4aRz [4-4] where Ris Rydberg constant For hydrogen atom Z= 1 t= bb- zal Five series: Lyman series oo n=1, m*=2,3,4, Balmer series =on=2, m= 3,4,5,6 (38)(c) Paschen series n= 3, (d) Brachett series n= 4, (eo) Pfund series n=5, (7) Debrogiie hypothesis; a (0) i= wm a=f fa b«Py 9 (8) Mass number (A) = Z +N {9) Size of nucleus: (a) Radius of nucleus X, is R= RAM! (b) Density inside nucleus es (10) Mase defect (mj: Am = Zm, +Nm,~M (11) Binding energy: (a) Binding energy (E,) = Am c? = (Zm,+ Nm, - Mjo* (b) BE per nucleon = BE (12) Q - value = KE = [m,~ m,—mjJe* (13}Law of Radiouctive decay: (0) Soa fb) Ny ete eo) Ay= A, et (4), Hattie period 1) = 228 fe) Average ito)» |14) Energy released in the nuclear rection: Q= [m,- m,-m,-2m Jo" (39)VIR Power (P) = VI Output voltage, V, = 1,R, wt, tly I I oe * and Poe * Ty Se" FeT 4 fhe aET Current and voltage gain: Current gain (A) = AV, Voltage gain (A) = Ww Input and output resistance: Dynamic input resistance he AVee Aly Dynamic output resistance AY, a oe oA,Acceleration of free fall (Earth's surface) Gravitational constant Avogadro's constant Gas constant Boltzmann's constant Stefan - Boltzmann constant Coulomb constant Permittivity of free space Permeability of free space ‘Speed of light it vacuum Planck's constant Elementary charge Electron rest mass Proton rest mass Neutron rest mass ‘Unified atomic mass unit Solar constant Fermi radius PUES SRC TOP LP TAP ae Approximate value 9.81 ms? 6.67 x 10" Nm? kg? 6,02 x 10*mol! 8,31. JK"mol" 1,38 x 107 JK" 5.67 x 10° W m2 K+ 8.99 x 10°N mC? 8.85 x 10°CN in? 4nxl0'T mat 3,00 x 10%m s* 6.63 x 10 s 1.60 x 10-"C 9.110% 10%kg 1,673 x 10g 1.675 x 10g 1.661 x 10%kg 1.36 x 10°W im? 1.20.x 10m1 1 radian (rad) == Temperature (K) = temperature (°C] + 273 L light year (ly) = 9.46 x 10m 1 parsec (pe) = 3.26 ly Lastronomical unit (AU) = 1.50 x 10%m 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 3.60 x 10° he= 1,99 x 107 Jm = 1,24 x 10 eVm (42)(4) Electrical Clroult symbols Gl =| battery 44+ ac supply = —o~o— switch = —— voltmeter -(¥)- mmater -@- tesistor <= variable resistor A lamp 2+ potentiometer aot light-dependent \ ; resistor(LDR) 1 thermistor = -[2—+ wranstrormer —3)F heating element -cE- eine ha capacitor ~=—|}-—if ionization (dissociation) equilibrium constant | a Melatidelta (change in) a i (6) Miscellaneous 25.00 °C is equivalent to 298.15 K Specific Heat capacities at 298.15 K and 100.000 kPa C, = LOLIKg°c) ¢ ee 1.01 (gC) c = 0.385 Jig.2C) opp c = 0.897 Jiig.C) Ci, = 0449 JKg°C) C, = 0.2273(@C) Come = 4.19 T(@°C) Water Autoionization Constant (Dissociation Constant) K,= 1.0.x 10“*at 298.15 K (for ion concentrations in mol/L) Faraday Constant F = 9.665 x 10 C/mol e Quadratic Formula por be W406 2a (45)(7) Colours of Common Aqueous Ions Solution Concentration Tonic species 1.0 mol/L 0.010 mol/L a ree ere fa