PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Wastewater Treatment System

PTS 16.52.02
November 2015

© 2015 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner. PETRONAS Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
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FOREWORD

PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across
the PETRONAS group.

Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes
all phases of work activities.

Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of

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work, goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where

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specific requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the

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Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established

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standards or practices of the same level of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.
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In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers shall
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ensure accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering
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requirement and shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international
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codes and technical standards before start of any work.

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PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored
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in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, recording or
otherwise) or be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever, without the prior written
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consent of PETRONAS.
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The PTS shall be used exclusively for the authorised purpose. The users shall arrange for PTS to be
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kept in safe custody and shall ensure its secrecy is maintained and provide satisfactory information to
PETRONAS that this requirement is met.
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ANNOUNCEMENT

Please be informed that the entire PTS inventory is currently undergoing transformation exercise from
2013 - 2015 which includes revision to numbering system, format and content. As part of this change,
the PTS numbering system has been revised to 6-digit numbers and drawings, forms and requisition
to 7-digit numbers. All newly revised PTS will adopt this new numbering system, and where required
make reference to other PTS in its revised numbering to ensure consistency. Users are requested to
refer to PTS 00.01.01 (Index to PTS) for mapping between old and revised PTS numbers for clarity. For
further inquiries, contact PTS administrator at [email protected]

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Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 6

1.1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS..................................................................................................... 6
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ............................................................................................... 7
2.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENT .................................................................................................. 8
2.1 BACKGROUND................................................................................................................ 8
2.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................ 8

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3.0 WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY ..................................................................... 9

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3.1 PURPOSE AND CONTENT ............................................................................................... 9
3.2 WATER 3R STUDY .......................................................................................................... 9
3.3
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DETERMINING WASTEWATER SEGREGATION AND COLLECTION OBJECTIVES ............. 9
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3.4 DETERMINING TREATMENT OBJECTIVES .................................................................... 10
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4.0 DEFINING WASTEWATER STREAMS ................................................................................ 12

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4.1 DATA COLLECTION ....................................................................................................... 12

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4.2 DATA ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 12

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4.3 DATA VALIDATION ....................................................................................................... 12

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4.4 REVIEW OF WATER 3R STUDY AND PHILOSOPHY ....................................................... 12

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5.0 DESIGN BASIS FOR WWTP .............................................................................................. 13

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5.1 WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND SEGREGATION ........................................................ 13

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5.2 WASTEWATER TREATMENT OBJECTIVES .................................................................... 13

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5.3 WASTEWATER RECEIVING CONDITIONS ..................................................................... 13

5.4 WASTEWATER STREAMS CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................... 14
5.5 PROCESS SCHEME FOR WWTP .................................................................................... 14
5.6 CAPACITY AND SIZING OF WWTP ................................................................................ 14
5.7 SELECTION OF TREATMENT PROCESS ......................................................................... 15
5.8 GENERAL LOCATION AND LAYOUT .............................................................................. 15
5.9 RELIABILITY PHILOSOPHY FOR WWTP ......................................................................... 16
5.10 MONITORING AND CONTROL PHILOSOPHY FOR WWTP ............................................ 16
6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................... 17
APPENDIX 1: SAMPLE OF WWTP RECEIVING CONDITIONS ........................................................... 18
APPENDIX 2: SAMPLE WASTEWATER STREAM CHARACTERISTICS TABLE ...................................... 20
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APPENDIX 3: SAMPLE OF WWTP BLOCK DIAGRAM ...................................................................... 21

APPENDIX 4: PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL TREATMENT ......................................................................... 22
APPENDIX 5: BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT ....................................................................................... 29
APPENDIX 6: TREATMENT TECHNIQUES FOR WWTP SLUDGE....................................................... 30

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

This PTS provides the general requirements on the design of a wastewater treatment system
(WWTS) for treatment of industrial aqueous effluents. This PTS is to be aligned with local
authorities’ requirements on liquid effluent discharges to the environment.

1.1 SCOPE

This PTS defines the requirements to develop the design of a WWTS. It includes the
development of a philosophy document to determine the collection and treatment objectives
and a systematic procedure to define each wastewater stream. These are essential in ensuring
a design which is reliable, optimized and sustainable.

1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

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1.2.1 General Definitions of Terms & Abbreviations

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Refer to PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & Reading Guide PTS
00.01.03 for General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations.
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1.2.2 Specific Definition of Terms
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No Term Definition
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1 Aqueous effluent Liquid waste generated by industrial processing that

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mostly contains water with dissolved and/or

suspended pollutants. The equivalent or inter-
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changeable term of aqueous effluent is ‘wastewater’.

Water 3R Water reuse, reduce, recycle; a sustainable
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development concept for optimizing water use and
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minimizing wastewater generation.

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3 Wastewater Management Best practices that include minimization of wastewater

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generation and segregation of wastewater streams to

ensure proper mitigation measures are implemented to
prevent or reduce the risk of environmental pollution.

4 Wastewater Treatment The processing plant that receives wastewater from

Plant (WWTP) single or multiple sources. It may consist of a series of
process units that treats the wastewater to a set
quality.

5 Wastewater Treatment The system that encompasses wastewater

System (WWTS) management practices, collection system, transfer and
treatment plant.

6 Wastewater or Industrial A study to determine the physical, chemical and

Effluent Characterisation biological characteristics, as well as constituents’
Study concentration in the wastewater.

Table 1: Specific Definition of Terms

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1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations

No Abbreviations Description

1 A/S ratio Air to Solids Ratio

2 F/M ratio Food to Microorganism Ratio

3 SRT Solids Residence Time

4 WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

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5 WWTS Wastewater Treatment System

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Table 2: Specific Abbreviations

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1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
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This is a new PTS.

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2.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENT

2.1 BACKGROUND

2.1.1 The design basis of a WWTP shall consider various aspects of wastewater management
including the collection systems, storage systems, transfer systems and the treatment
objectives.

2.1.2 Determination of the source and its corresponding characteristics, in particular the flow rates
and contaminant compositions, is the most important study in establishing the design basis of
any WWTP.

2.1.3 Wastewater management practices which include minimisation of wastewater generation

and proper waste water segregation at source shall be considered.

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2.1.4 For detailed requirements on the design of a produced water treatment system for oil in water

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removal, PTS 16.52.15 Produced Water Treatment System shall be referred to.
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2.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
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The design of any WWTS for PETRONAS projects shall be based on Best Available Techniques
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in accordance with the European Commission Integrated Pollution and Prevention and Control
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Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in Common Wastewater and Waste Gas
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Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector (BREF 02/2003). This reference

document shall also be applied for gas and refinery sectors.
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The design shall be in accordance to PETRONAS standards and compliant with host country
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requirements, or any other conditions as specified by relevant authorities.

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3.0 WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY

3.1 PURPOSE AND CONTENT

3.1.1 A Wastewater Management Philosophy document shall be developed as a guiding principle

for the development of a wastewater treatment system. The document shall define the
sources of wastewater streams, segregation of the streams and any opportunities for reduce,
reuse and recycle (Water 3R). It is adequate to have an estimate of effluent flowrates and
general characteristics described in this document.

3.1.2 In developing the Philosophy document, reference shall be made to PETRONAS requirements
on management of wastewater as described in the following standards and guidelines:

i. PETRONAS Health, Safety and Environment Mandatory Control Framework (HSE

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MCF Manual)

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ii. PETRONAS Technical Standard on Water Conservation Guideline for Onshore

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Process Facilities (PTS 18.73.01)

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iii. PETRONAS Technical Standard on Wastewater Management (PTS 18.72.04)
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The document shall include but not limited to the following:
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i. Application of 3R
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ii. Segregation at Source and Collection Objectives

iii. Discharge Requirement
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iv. Treatment Requirement

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v. Waste Generation and Handling (from treatment process)

vi. Management of Abnormal Conditions
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vii. Process Control

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viii. Performance Monitoring

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3.2 WATER 3R STUDY

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A study to evaluate the water 3R opportunities shall be conducted. The objective of the study
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is to evaluate options to eliminate or minimize any discharge to the environment including

opportunities for zero discharge. Each opportunity for 3R shall be identified and justified for
implementation in the project where appropriate. Reference shall be made to PTS 18.7301 as
listed above for details on the methodology for conducting the study.

3.3 DETERMINING WASTEWATER SEGREGATION AND COLLECTION OBJECTIVES

The segregation and collection objectives shall be based on the recommendations of the 3R
study. The philosophy document shall describe the segregation and classification of each
stream and for which treatment the classification shall be subject to, hence there can be
different treatment schemes for the different wastewater classifications. The segregation
shall be in accordance with PETRONAS Technical Standard on Wastewater Management (PTS
18.72.04), where segregation requirements are further elaborated. Description shall also be
provided on the collection system that will allow for fail-safe segregation and prevent cross-
contamination that will ensure treatment objectives for each classification of the stream can
be met.
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3.4 DETERMINING TREATMENT OBJECTIVES

3.4.1 Liquid waste streams shall be selected to either undergo 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) or
discharge to the environment. The underlying treatment philosophy will consider economics
and sustainability issues and shall be described in the Philosophy document for each
segregated stream.

3.4.2 For streams to be discharged to the environment, the treatment objectives shall comply with
PETRONAS standards and host country requirements, or any other conditions as specified by
relevant authorities. Details on the treatment objectives i.e. discharge limit parameters, etc.
shall be included in the WWTP Design Basis document and not in the Philosophy document.

3.4.3 An overview of the work process in determining the design basis for wastewater treatment is
outlined in Figure 1.0.

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Figure 1: Developing WWTS Design Basis

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4.0 DEFINING WASTEWATER STREAMS

4.1 DATA COLLECTION

4.1.1 Data on each wastewater stream shall be collected to establish the following:

i. Water Conservation - Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R)

ii. Drainage, Storage and Segregation of Wastewater Streams
iii. Wastewater Flows
iv. Wastewater Compositions
v. Odours and Solids originating from Wastewater Streams.

Information shall be obtained and recorded systematically such as in a spreadsheet inventory

or questionnaire form.

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4.1.2 For upgrading and improvement of existing WWTP, a Wastewater Characterisation Study shall

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be conducted. The results of the study shall be used to develop the design basis for the

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upgrading and improvement of the existing WWTP.
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For Malaysia, reference shall be made to the regulatory document published by the
Department of Environment (DOE) which is the Technical Guidance on Industrial Effluent
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Characterization Study (DOE-IETS-5) and any other requirements as specified in the conditions
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of approval for the Project Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment. For countries which
has no specific regulations or guidelines on characterization study, this guideline shall be
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referred to.
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4.2 DATA ANALYSIS

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4.2.1 The completed questionnaire or spreadsheets together with the Wastewater Characterisation
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Study results are to be analysed to ensure that the data is valid and representative to be used
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as design basis.
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4.2.2 Development of a computer model may be necessary especially to simulate the fluctuations
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in streams flow and characteristics that may occur throughout the operations of the plant.

4.3 DATA VALIDATION

Any discrepancies or uncertainties identified during the analysis shall be validated through
resampling or a bench/ laboratory test/ pilot test with consultation of the Technical Authority.

4.4 REVIEW OF WATER 3R STUDY AND PHILOSOPHY

Upon the completion of defining the wastewater streams, it is necessary to review the
philosophy document to ensure consistency. The philosophy document should have
incorporated flexibilities that will not require substantial amendments, unless it is
demonstrated that there will be major prohibitions for the implementation of the philosophy.
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5.0 DESIGN BASIS FOR WWTP

Upon the definition of treatment objective and wastewater streams as described above, the
WWTP Design Basis document can be developed. It shall include but not limited to the
following:

i. Collection and Segregation Objectives

ii. Treatment Objectives
iii. Receiving Conditions
iv. Stream Characteristics
v. Process Scheme
vi. Capacity and Sizing
vii. Selection of Treatment Process
viii. General Location and Layout

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ix. Reliability Features

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x. Monitoring and Control Features

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The design basis shall be in compliance with all local regulatory requirements. In Malaysia,
reference shall be made to DOE Guidance Document on the Design and Operation of Industrial
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Effluent Treatment Systems (DOE-IETS-9). Reference shall also be made to the Environmental
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Quality Act, Industrial Effluent Regulations and the project specific conditions of approval as
issued by DOE or any other relevant authorities.
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5.1 WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND SEGREGATION

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Details on the collection and segregation system shall be specified. This may include the
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location and number of collection pits and headers.

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5.2 WASTEWATER TREATMENT OBJECTIVES

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5.2.1 The treatment objectives of each segregated stream are to be further defined and specified
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either for recycling (e.g. landscaping, cooling tower makeup, firewater tank makeup) or
discharge to the environment.
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5.2.2 The quality of the final treated water that includes all the critical parameters is to be specified
accordingly.

5.2.3 Should there be multiple treatment trains with different treatment objectives (e.g.
contaminated storm water to be recycled as service water and treated process effluent to be
discharged to the environment), different limits shall be specified for the different treatment
trains.

5.3 WASTEWATER RECEIVING CONDITIONS

The main WWTP will have design limits, hence the upper and lower limits for specific
parameters in the incoming effluent shall be defined. Appendix 1 is a sample of the
parameters to be considered.
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5.4 WASTEWATER STREAMS CHARACTERISTICS

The flow rate, composition and conditions of each stream to be treated are to be defined
based on the validated data as described above. This shall be tabulated, indicating all streams
to be treated at the WWTP, refer to Appendix 2 for a sample of the table. This will be the basis
in developing the Process Flow Diagram (PFD) and Material Balance of the WWTP.

5.5 PROCESS SCHEME FOR WWTP

5.5.1 A process scheme that includes a description of each treatment unit and a block diagram (refer
to sample in Appendix 3) shall be developed based on the stream characteristics and
treatment objectives determined as above. The purpose of each train and each unit shall be
clearly explained and justified.

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5.5.2 It can be possible that a stream does not meet the receiving conditions as defined earlier or

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there might be other factors that may prohibit the direct transfer of an untreated stream (e.g.

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high oil content or high suspended solids that may clog the collection system or

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incompatibility with another stream). This may require treatment at source (or pre-treatment)
prior to transferring to the main WWTP. Pre-treatment may include oil separator, solids
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settler, chemical dosing, etc. This pre-treatment shall be designed to treat the specific
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problematic stream before mixing with other streams of acceptable condition.

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5.5.3 It is possible that the wastewater pre-treatment is within the process unit battery limits and
not within the WWTP battery limits. This shall be clearly stated in the process scheme. A brief
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description of the pre-treatment may be included for understanding purposes, but the WWTP
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shall only consider the outlet stream of the pre-treatment system. If the pre-treatment unit is
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within the WWTP battery limits then all details shall be included as part of the overall process
scheme of the WWTP.
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5.5.4 The wastewater treatment plant generates waste which includes oil recovered from oil
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separation equipment, floating scum and settled sludge from solid removal and settling
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equipment. Recovered oil is typically collected and sent to slop oil recovery system in the
process unit area. However, treatment of scum and sludge is part of the wastewater
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treatment plant and this must be included in the WWTP process scheme.

5.6 CAPACITY AND SIZING OF WWTP

5.6.1 The capacity and sizing of each main treatment unit and main equipment shall be calculated
based on the treatment requirements and stream characteristics. All assumptions and general
rules used for the calculations shall be clearly explained.

5.6.2 The process shall be matched to the expected range of flowrates. Most processes work best
at a relatively constant flowrate. Flow equalization is necessary if there is a wide flow
variation. In addition to flow equalization, design provisions for flowrate variations may
include flow splitting.

5.6.3 Stormwater must be segregated and not combined with the effluent streams. Potentially
contaminated stormwater shall be treated separately. Any wastewater generated during
abnormal or unusual events shall be diverted to an emergency tank that can be bled back into
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the treatment units in a controlled manner. Sufficient storage capacity shall be provided for
the emergency tank considering the nature of the event and the available treatment capacity
in the process.

5.6.4 Design parameters (e.g. F/M ratio, SRT, Overflow Loading Rate, A/S ratio) to determine the
sizing of process units shall be based on typical values from experience or published literature,
or the results of pilot plant studies.

5.7 SELECTION OF TREATMENT PROCESS

5.7.1 Contaminants removal will be achieved through various treatment operations. The selection
of a process train shall be made based on the ability of the individual unit processes to remove
specific wastewater constituents. Various combinations of unit operations and processes for
treatment are identified in Appendix 4, Appendix 5 and Appendix 6.

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5.7.2 Two general categories to treat wastewater shall be selected based on the capabilities of each

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to remove different target contaminants:

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i. Physical/chemical treatment
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ii. Biological treatment.
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5.7.3 Environmental factors such as temperature, prevailing wind and humidity may affect the
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physical operation of the facilities. These factors need to be considered during selection of the
process scheme. For example, warm temperatures may accelerate odour generation, increase
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rate of reaction and inhibit biological processes.

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Proximity to residential/public areas may restrict the use of certain processes, especially
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where odours may be produced.

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5.7.5 WWTP shall be designed to meet performance standards based on:

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i. Effluent quality which must comply with the effluent discharge requirements and
local regulations.
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ii. Chemical requirements and quantities which may impact the treatment residuals
and the cost of treatment.
iii. Energy requirements.
iv. Operating and maintenance requirements.

5.8 GENERAL LOCATION AND LAYOUT

The basis for determining the approximate location and layout of the WWTP shall include but
not limited to the following:

i. Relative location of potential odour/volatile compound sources.

ii. Prevailing wind direction.
iii. Topographical, geological and soil conditions
iv. Land constraints.
v. Location of environmentally sensitive or public areas.
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5.9 RELIABILITY PHILOSOPHY FOR WWTP

5.9.1 The WWTP shall perform at all times to prevent deviations of effluent quality from the
discharge limit. High reliability is also critical for recycling purposes should the process plant
rely on the treated water as a water source. Hence the availability of the WWTP shall be at
least 99%. The reliability philosophy shall be described sufficiently to ensure that the WWTP
is inherently designed for high reliability. This shall also require adequate design margin on
the capacity or efficiency of the treatment process is allocated.

5.9.2 Sufficient mitigation measures shall be incorporated to manage the 1% event when the WWTP
is operating at reduced efficiency or not in service for whatever reasons.

5.9.3 The equipment selection and design shall also ensure ease of maintenance that will not
jeopardize the availability of the unit when any maintenance works need to be conducted for

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any of the equipment.

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5.9.4 The philosophy shall include but not limited to the following:

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i. Configuration of wastewater treatment process that may include modular or
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multiple trains
ii. Additional design margin on capacity or efficiency of treatment objectives
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iii. Sparing philosophy of main units and critical equipment

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iv. Process safeguarding that may include auto shut down, wastewater stream
diversion, off-spec wastewater containment, emergency power supply etc.
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5.10 MONITORING AND CONTROL PHILOSOPHY FOR WWTP

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5.10.1 General requirement for monitoring and control shall be defined. This is to ensure that
adequate facilities and tools are provided to ensure proper control of the process for
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performance monitoring and for regulatory compliance purposes.

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For Malaysia, reference shall be made to the regulatory document published by the DOE which
is the Guidance Document on Performance Monitoring of Industrial Effluent Treatment
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Systems (DOE-IETS-1) and any other requirements as specified in the conditions of approval
for the WWTP. For countries which has no specific regulations and guidelines on performance
monitoring, this guideline shall be referred to.

5.10.2 The instrumentation for monitoring and control shall be specified in the design basis. The
following are examples of instrumentation typically required in a WWTP:

i. Flow Meters
ii. Sampling Points
iii. Auto-sampler
iv. On-line analysers
v. Portable analysers
vi. Microscope
vii. Mini laboratory – includes related main apparatus and instruments
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6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

In this PTS, reference is made to the following Standards/Publications. Unless specifically

designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used, together with any
supplements/revisions thereto:

PETRONAS STANDARDS

Index to PTS and Guideline PTS 00.01.01

PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms & Reading PTS 00.01.03

Guide

Produced Water Treatment System PTS 16.52.15

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Health, Safety & Environment Mandatory Control Framework HSE MCF Manual

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Wastewater Management PTS 18.72.04
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Water Conservation Guideline for Onshore Facilities PTS 18.73.01
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MALAYSIAN ACTS, REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES

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Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Industrial Effluent) Regulations

2009
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Guidance Document on Performance Monitoring of Industrial DOE-IETS-1

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Effluent Treatment Systems, Department of Environment,

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Malaysia
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Guidance Document On The Design & Operation of Industrial DOE-IETS-9

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Effluent Treatment System, Department of Environment,

Malaysia

Technical Guidance on Industrial Effluent Characterization DOE-IETS-5

Study

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

European Commission Integrated Pollution and Prevention and EC IPPC BREF

Control Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in 02/2003
Common Wastewater and Waste Gas Treatment/Management
Systems in the Chemical Sector
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APPENDIX 1: SAMPLE OF WWTP RECEIVING CONDITIONS

Parameters Limits

COD Note i

BOD Note i

Temperature (°C) 40

pH 6-9

Suspended Solids (mg/l) Note ii

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Free Chlorine (mg/l) 2

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Sulphide (mg/l) <10

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Ammoniacal Nitrogen (mg/l)
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Oil & Grease (mg/l) Note iii

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VOC & VIC (mg/l) Note v

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Heavy Metals (see Note iv)

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Mercury (mg/l) 0.05

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Cadmium (mg/l) 0.02

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Chromium, Hexavalent 0.05

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(mg/l)
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Chromium, Trivalent (mg/l) 1

Arsenic (mg/l) 0.1

Cyanide (mg/l) 0.1

Lead (mg/l) 0.5

Copper (mg/l) 1

Manganese (mg/l) 1

Nickel (mg/l) 1

Tin (mg/l) 1
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Zinc (mg/l) 2

Boron (mg/l) 4

Iron (Fe) (mg/l) 5

Silver (mg/l) 1

Aluminium (mg/l) 15

Selenium (mg/l) 0.5

Barium (mg/l) 2

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Notes:

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i. COD shall be easily biodegradable with high BOD to COD ratio, containing low
fractions of slowly biodegradable and/or un-biodegradable dissolved COD.
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Effluent streams with high levels of any of these two types of COD characteristics
(slowly biodegradable and un-biodegradable dissolved COD) shall be pre-treated
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prior to further treatment at the centralized ETP.

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ii. Suspended solids that are un-biodegradable or slow to degrade, and of high
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particle size that may settle and cause clogging of the collection system, shall be
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removed nearest to source (i.e. unit process area).

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iii. Free oil in effluent streams of droplets larger than 60microns shall be removed
nearest to source (i.e. unit process area). The free oil shall not be pumped through
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the system as this may cause problems to downstream equipment as well as

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system operations i.e. blockages, high emulsion etc.

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iv. Specific heavy metals shall meet the limits in accordance with Standard B of
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Schedule 5 of the Malaysian Industrial Effluent Regulations 2009 (IER 2009), as

listed above. Shall any two or more of the above listed metals be present in the
effluent stream, the limit shall be as per Regulation 11.2 of the same regulations,
which stated the limit for Standard B as 3.0mg/l in total, and 1mg/l in total for
soluble forms. Effluent streams containing heavy metals exceeding these limits
shall be pre-treated as the centralized ETP will not have any facility for metals
removal.

v. VOC and VIC content effluents shall be low in order to avoid gaseous release in
the ETP equipment’s (equalization tank, activated sludge basin). Pre-treatment
such as stripping may be installed near the source if required.
 PTS 16.52.02
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM November 2015
Page 20 of 30

y
nl
APPENDIX 2: SAMPLE WASTEWATER STREAM CHARACTERISTICS TABLE

O
Process Process Effluent Continuous/ Flowrate, T/hr Additional Treatment

se
No. and Description Description & Intermittent/ Remarks Category
Average Maximum Off-spec

lU
Name Composition* Normally No Flow (Potential)

na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE

*to state measurement of composition eg.mg/L or wt%

 PTS 16.52.02
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
October 2015
Page 21 of 30

APPENDIX 3: SAMPLE OF WWTP BLOCK DIAGRAM

y
nl
O
se
lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE
 PTS 16.52.02
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
October 2015
Page 22 of 30

APPENDIX 4: PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Rainwater Treatment Techniques

y
nl
O
se
lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE

(Source -Table 4.1: Rainwater Treatment Techniques as Described in Chapter 3, European Commission Integrated Pollution and Prevention and Control
Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in Common Wastewater and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector
BREF02/2003)
 PTS 16.52.02
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
October 2015
Page 23 of 30

APPENDIX 4: PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL TREATMENT (CON’T)

BAT for Suspended Solids

y
nl
O
se
lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE

(Source - Table 4.3: Treatment Techniques Associated with BAT for Suspended Solids, European Commission Integrated Pollution and Prevention and
Control Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in Common Wastewater and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical
Sector BREF02/2003)
 PTS 16.52.02
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
October 2015
Page 24 of 30

APPENDIX 4: PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL TREATMENT (CON’T)

BAT for Heavy Metals

y
nl
O
se
lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE

(Source - Table 4.4: Treatment Techniques Associated with BAT for Heavy Metals, European Commission Integrated Pollution and Prevention and Control
Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in Common Wastewater and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector
BREF02/2003)
 PTS 16.52.02
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
October 2015
Page 25 of 30

APPENDIX 4: PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL TREATMENT (CONT’)

BAT for Inorganic Salts (Heavy Metals not included)

y
nl
O
se
lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE

(Source - Table 4.5: Treatment Techniques Associated with BAT for Inorganic Salts (Heavy Metals not Included), European Commission Integrated Pollution
and Prevention and Control Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in Common Wastewater and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems
in the Chemical Sector BREF02/2003)
 PTS 16.52.02
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
October 2015
Page 26 of 30

APPENDIX 4: PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL TREATMENT (CON’T)

BAT for Contaminants Unsuitable for Biological Treatment

y
nl
O
se
lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE

(Source - Table 4.6: Treatment Techniques Associated with BAT for Contaminants Unsuitable for Biological Treatment, European Commission Integrated
Pollution and Prevention and Control Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in Common Wastewater and Waste Gas Treatment/Management
Systems in the Chemical Sector BREF02/2003)
 PTS 16.52.02
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
October 2015
Page 27 of 30

APPENDIX 4: PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL TREATMENT (CON’T)

BAT for Contaminants Unsuitable for Biological Treatment (continued)

y
nl
O
se
lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE

(Source - Table 4.6: Continued)

 PTS 16.52.02
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
October 2015
Page 28 of 30

APPENDIX 4: PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL TREATMENT (CON’T)

BAT for Contaminants Unsuitable for Biological Treatment (continued)

y
nl
O
se
lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE

(Source - Table 4.6: Continued)

 PTS 16.52.02
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
October 2015
Page 29 of 30

APPENDIX 5: BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT

BAT for Biological Treatment Techniques

y
nl
O
se
lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE

(Source - Table 4.7: Treatment Techniques Associated With BAT for Biological Treatment Techniques, European Commission Integrated Pollution and
Prevention and Control Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in Common Wastewater and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in
the Chemical Sector BREF02/2003)
 PTS 16.52.02
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
October 2015
Page 30 of 30

APPENDIX 6: TREATMENT TECHNIQUES FOR WWTP SLUDGE

Preliminary Sludge Sludge Sludge Sludge Sludge Drying Thermal Sludge Final Treatment
Treatment Thickening Stabilization Conditioning Dewatering Oxidation
 Grinding  Gravity  Chemical  Chemical  Centrifugal  Rotary drying  Fluidised-bed  Landfilling

y
 Blending or thickening stabilisation conditioning dewatering  Spray drying incineration

nl
mixing  Centrifugal (lime)  Thermal  Belt filter  Flash drying  Wet air

O
 Storage thickening  Thermal conditioning presses  Evaporation oxidation
 De-gritting  Flotation  Filter presses   Deep shaft

se
stabilisation Multiple
thickening  Anaerobic hearths drying. oxidation

lU
(DAF) digestion  Incineration
 Gravity belt  Aerobic with other (e.g.

na
thickening digestion solid) waste.
 Rotary drum  Dual sludge

er
thickening stabilisation

nt
(Source – Section 3.4 Sludge Treatment Techniques, European Commission Integrated Pollution and Prevention and Control Reference Document on Best

-I
Available Techniques in Common Wastewater and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector BREF02/2003)

AS
N
O
TR
PE