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Quiz 4 Statistical Process Control

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4 views

Quiz 4 Statistical Process Control

Quiz

Uploaded by

sakibnajmus869
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quiz 4: Statistical Process Control

In your OWN words of understanding …

1. Describe what Natural and Assignable causes of variations monitored by SPC are

and provide examples.

Answer:

Natural issues are another name for frequent causes. 99.73% of values are predicted to be

within three standard deviations of the mean, where this variance often falls. They are

shown as a few randomly chosen points inside the control limit on a control chart. Since

there cannot be an instant procedure to correct it, these types of variances will necessitate

management intervention. If you want to cut down on the number of frequent sources of

variation, you must make a basic adjustment. Your process is deemed "statistically stable" if

your chart only shows common causes of variance.

Example: Let's say you calculated that it would take 10 days to finish the formwork activity

in a hotel building project. It takes 11 days to accomplish due to the weather. It hasn't

varied too far from the average completion time. An illustration of a frequent cause

variation might be this.

Special cause of variation, as opposed to common cause of variance, refers to circumstances

that are known to have an impact on a process. This idea was presented by W. Edwards

Deming. The odd, non-quantifiable, unanticipated deviations that have never before

occurred in a process are known as special causes of variance. Most often, special cause

variations are caused by a particular component, such as a sudden shift in the environment

or the input parameters.


A non-random distribution near the control limit is shown by particular causes of variation

on a control chart (or average limit).

With modifications to the processes, components, or procedures, special causes of variation

may frequently be removed. If they are not eradicated, they could lead to significant issues.

Special reasons of deviations do not come from within and typically result from

technological issues.

Example: Assume you are in charge of a bridge building project and that you have a 10-day

estimate for the completion of an excavation work. An issue with the excavator's hydraulic

system developed as soon as you began digging. This issue caused a 20-day delay in the

activities. The hydraulic system has to be fixed to remedy the issue. An illustration of a

particular cause variation is this.

2. Describe the charts to monitor process variables.

Answer: In a process where the measurement is a variable, i.e., the variable may be

measured on a continuous scale, variables control charts are used to analyze variance (e.g.

height, weight, length, concentration). Variable control charts often fall into one of two

categories. A chart (such an x-bar chart or a delta chart, for example) measures sample

variance. These charts' non-random patterns (signals) might point to a potential shift in

central tendency from one sample period to the next. A variable control chart can be used

to test the hypothesis that a certain sample mean originated from the population of sample

means indicated by the process's control limits.

In a process where the measurement is a variable, i.e., the variable may be measured on a

continuous scale, variables control charts are used to analyze variance (e.g. height, weight,

length, concentration). Variable control charts often fall into one of two categories. A chart

(such an x-bar chart or a delta chart, for example) measures sample variance. These charts'
non-random patterns (signals) might point to a potential shift in central tendency from one

sample period to the next. A variable control chart can be used to test the hypothesis that a

certain sample mean originated from the population of sample means indicated by the

process's control limits.

The process is either in-control (only common cause variation is present; predictable) or

out-of-control based on non-random patterns in the data shown on the control charts

(common cause and assignable cause variation present; unpredictable). Variation will rise

when a controlled process is altered. Loss of predictability happens when an uncontrollable

process is not changed. A machine operator or management can use control charts to

determine when it is suitable to make changes and when it is preferable to leave the

process alone.

3. Describe the charts to monitor process attributes.

Answer: A collection of control charts known as "Attribute Charts" was created especially for

attribute data (i.e. counts data). In a single chart, attribute charts track the location of the

process and its variation over time.

The Attribute Charts family includes the following:

When each sample can either contain the condition or not, Np-Chart is used to track how

frequently a condition occurs relative to a fixed sample size.

When each sample can either have the condition or not, a p-chart is used to track the

percentage of samples that meet the condition relative to a fixed or variable sample size.

When each sample contains many instances of the condition, a c-Chart is used to track how

often the condition occurs relative to a fixed sample size.


When each sample can contain several instances of the condition, the u-Chart is used to

track the percentage of samples that have the condition relative to either a fixed or

changing sample size.

4. How does an operations manager know the right time to take corrective action

based on SPC charts?

Answer: A procedure that compares output to a standard and acts to rectify it when

production falls short of expectations No action is necessary if the results are satisfactory,

but if they are not, managers must take corrective measures.

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