Maths IIT-JEE MC SIR

CONIC SECTION 0<e<1

Conic Section D0
Hows of a point moves in a plane such that ratio abc  2fgh  af 2  by2  ch 2
of its distance from a fixed point to its distance 0
D
from a fixed line is constant. Hyperbola :-
(i) The fixed point is called focus e>1,D0
(ii) The fixed line is called directrix h2 > ab
(iii) Constant Ratio is called eccentricity (e)
(iv) Line passing through focus and Rectangular hyperbola :-
perpendicular to directrix is called axis. Special cal of hyperbola.
(v) Point of intersection of conic with its is
called vertix. e 2
h 2  ab  0
General equation of conic :-
Directrix
fx+my+x = 0
e  2  D0
T l=0 h2 > ab, a b = 0
Coefficient n2 , Coefficient y2 = 0
focus
P Q. Identity the conic focus of point which
uP = e (h,k) v
moves such that Ratio of its distanc fome
uT Eccentricity
(1,2) to its perpendicular distance from
constant its a conic
4x – 3y + 2 = 0 is 3.
Let (, )
(h – ) {(x – )2 + (y – )2} = e2 (lx + my + n)2
2
Q. Check whether equation is of parabola el-
lipse of hyperbola.
Case 1 ( = 0) :-
 4x  3y  8 
(x – y)2 + (y – 5)2 =  
PA  5 
focus lies on directrix :-  
 1
 PB  # Standard equation of parabola
e>1 and general Terminology.
2. If e = 1 # Some Important Definitions Are
3. (e < 1)
# Focal Directrix property :-
Case 2 (  0) :-
Focus does not lies on directrix. # Focal Distance

For A Parabola :- # Focal chord

 PA  # Double ordinak
  1   PA  PB  
 PB 
e = 1 (h2 – ab = 0) # Latus Ractum
(abc + 2fgh – af2 = bg2 – ch2)  0
h2 = 0 # Two parabola are sid to e equal if they have
same Latus Rectum.
e 1
2
[Ellipse]
h  ab  0

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Maths IIT-JEE MC SIR
Note In case the vertex f parabola is (h,k) then its equa-
(i) Perpendicular distance from focus to tion can be taken as (y – k)2 = 4a (x – h).
directrix = half the latus rectum. If axis is | | to x–axis.
(ii) Vertex is middle point of the focus & the If axis is parallel to y–axis.
point of intersection of directrix & axis. If shift (origin) (x – h)2 = 40 (y – k). y is quadratic
(iii) Point of intersection of axis and in x.
directrix is called foot of directrix.
(iv) Two parabolas are laid to be equal if #Q. Parabola will be or not :
they have the same latus rectum. Four 2x2 + 3xy + 7y2 – 8x – 7y – 1 = 0
standard forms of the parabola are,
y² = 4ax; y² = – 4ax; x² = 4ay; x² = – 4ay # Parametric Representation :-
Standard parabola y2 = 4ax (x > 0) at a (1) x = at2
glance y = 2at
# Four standard form of parabola. is parametric representation of y2 = 4ax
(i) Vertex = (0,0) (2) x2 + y2 = 1
foot of directrix (–a, 0) circle in ogine point (cos, sin)
focus (a , 0) for x2 = 4ay
x  2at y  at2
2
y = 4ax
Note :- a is distance from vertex to focus from
(i) vertex to foot of directrix.
(–a,0) (0,0) (a,0)

Q. Find all of
4y2 + 12x – 20y + 67 = 0

(ii) 2 focus (–a, 0)

y = –4ax
foot of direction = (a,0) Q. Find everything for the parabola
(a) x2 + 2x + 4y = 0
(b) 4x2 + 2y = 8x – 7
(–a,0) (a,0)
Q.
(a) Find the equation of parabola focus
(1, –1) and directrix x + y – 7 = 0
(b) whose vertex is the point (4, – 3) and
(iii) (x2 = 4ay)
whose latus rectum is 4 and whose
(0,a) focus = (0,a) axis is parallel to the x-axis
foot of direction = (0,–a)
Q. Find equation of parabola = ?
(0,–a) Passing through (–4, –7) axis is | | to
x– axis and vertex at point (4, –3).

focus = (0,–a) Q. If a variable circle touches a fixed circle

(0,a) foot of direction = (0,a) and a fixed line then prove that the
locus of the centre of the variable circle
is a parabola whose directrix is parallel to
(iv)
(0,–a) a given line at a distance equal to the ra-
(x2 = 4ay) dius of the given circle.

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Maths IIT-JEE MC SIR
Q. Find every thing about parabola. Tengent
x 2at1t 2
at vertex = 3x – 4y = 5 and focus (1, 2). y  ....(i)
t1  t 2 t1  t 2
Q. Prove that the area of the triangle whose 2
vertices are (xi , yi ), i = 1, 2, 3 and
inscribed in the parabola y2 = 4ax if Special cases
Note :-
1 (i) If the chord passing through point (C,0)
|(y – y ) (y – y ) (y – y ) |
8a 1 2 2 3 3 1  (Fix point of x-axis) (or axis on
parabola) put in ....(i)
Q. Find the side of an equilateral triangle in-
C = –at1t2 ....(ii)
scribed in y2 = 4ax if one of its vertex
coincides with the vertex of the
(ii) Chord always passes though focus on
parabola.
parabola (focal chord).
Q. A variable    always passes through
Q. LOL' and MOM' are two chords of
(1, 0) and touches the curve
parabola y2 = 4ax with vertex A passing
y = tan (tan–1x). Find the equation to the
through a point O on its axis. Prove that
locus of its centre.
the radical axis of the circles described
on LL' and MM' as diameters passes
Q. Find Locus of point of trisection of
through the vertex of the parabola.
double ordinate of parabola y2 = 4ax.
Q. A quadrilateral is inscribed in a parabola
Q. A variable parabola is drawn to pass
y2 = 4ax and three of its sides pass through
through A & B, the ends of a diameter of a
fixed points on the axis. Show that the
given circle with centre at the origin and
fourth side also passes through fixed point
radius c & to have as directrix a tangent
on the axis of the parabola.
to a concentric circle of radius 'a' (a >c) ;
the axes being AB & a perpendicular di- Q. A circle and a parabola y 2 = 4ax
ameter, prove that the locus of the intersect in four points ; show that the
focus of the parabola is the standard el- algebraic sum of the ordinates of the four
points is zero.
x 2 y2 Also show that the line joining one pair
lipse 2  2 = 1 where b2 = a2 – c2
a b of these four points and the line joining
the other pair are equally inclined to the
# Position of point w.r to parabola axis.
Q. All chords of the parabola subtending a
# Chord joining two point right angle at the vertex passes through a
fixed point (4a, 0).
2
meaning of t2 (at 2, 2at2)
chord
t2
Q. Prove that on the axis of any parabola there
2
t1 chord y =4ax is a certain point K which has the
1
property that, if a chord PQ of the
(–a,0) (0,0) parabola be drawn through it, then
1 1
2
 is the same for all
PK QK 2
positions of the chord.

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Maths IIT-JEE MC SIR
# Line and parabola IIT
Let line y = mx + c ... (i) Q. Find the Ratio of Area of le formed by
Standard Parabola y2 = 4ax ...(ii) three points on parabola and the le formed by
tangents at those point taken in pair.
# Point of contect y = mx + a/m is
# Normal to the parabola
# Tangent at a point of parabola 1. Cartesion form
Q. Find equation of circle on AB is as  y1
y  y1  x  x1 
diametre. 2a
2. Slope form :-
Learn y = –tx + 2at + at3
in terms of m put t = –m
Normal in slope form ‘m’ :-
y = mx – 2am – am3 ....(i)

Note :- If the normal passing through (h,k), then.

Compare normal and equation of chord pass-
ing through equation of N = 0.
y   tx  2at  at 3 ....(i)

x at t
equation chord  y   1 2 ....(ii)
Q. A circle is described whose centre is the t1  t 2 t1  t 2
vertex and whose diameter is three 2 2
quarters of the latus rectum of a # Let given a parabola  y2 = 4ax. What is
parabola, prove that the common chord of the relation between (t1,t2)
the circle and parabola bisects the dis-
tance between the vertex and the Note :- Point of Intersection of normals at (t1,t2)
focus. equation of normal line at porabola
y = –t1x + 2at1 + at13
# Length of chord of parabola y = –t2x + 2at2 + at23
Line given y = mx + c
parabola given y2 = 4ax  x, y    a  t12  t 22  t 2 t 2  2  , at1t 2  t1  t 2  
Special Case Q. If a chord which is normal to the
# Length of focal chord parabola y2 = 4ax at one end subtend a right
angle at the vertex, prove that it is inclined
# Director circle :- Locus of intersection
at an angle tan 1 2 to the axis and the
of perpendicular tangents.
normal chord passes through (4a, 0).
Q. A tangent to a parabola y2 = 8x makes an Q. Find equation of line touching both the
angle 45° with the line y = 3x + 5. Find its parabola y2 = 4ax and x2 = –32 y.
equation and also its point of contact.
Q. Let the tangent to the parabola y2 = 4ax
General Note : meet the axis in T and the tangent at
Point of intersection of two tangents vertex A is y. If the rectengle TAYG is com-
at t1 & t2 is at1t2 , a(t1 + t2). pleted. Find focus of G.

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Maths IIT-JEE MC SIR
Q. A normal at an point P meets the axis in G Sub-tangent and Sub-Normal :- Length of sub-
and Tangent at vertex in y if A is vertex tangent at any point P(x,y) on the parabola y2 =
and rectangle GAYQ is completed. Show 4ax is twice the abscissa of point P.
that equation of locus of Q is (1) To prove length of (substangent)
x3 = 2ax2 + ay2.
(a+2, 2at)
Q. Find the equation of circle passing through x length of
y  at normal
focus and touches the parabola y2 = 4ax at point 2
(–at , 0) t
point (at2, 2at). 2
(at , 0)
projection of
normal
Q. A pair of tangents are drawn which are Losubtangent
equally inclined to a straight line y = mx + c 2 2
at = –(–at )
sub normal
2
whose inclination to the axis is , prove that the = 2at
locus of their point of intersection is the straight
line y = (x – a) tan 2 Subtangent if bisected at vertex.

Q. If tangents are drawn to y2 = 4ax from any 2. Length of subnormal is constant for all
point P on the parabola y2 = a(x + b) then show point on parabola and is equal to semi latus
that the normals drawn at their point of contact rectum.
meet on a fixed line.
Pair of Tangents
2
Q. Prove that two parabola y = 4ax and Here
2
y = 4c (x – b) connot have a common normal SS1 = T2
b S = equation of curve
other then the axis unless  2. In other S1 = power of point
ac
words this gives the condition for the two curves T = equation of tangen.
to have a common normal other than x-axis
Chord of contact
2 2
Q. If a > 8b P.T. a point can be formed such
that two tangents drawn form i to the parabola Q. Line 3x + y = 6 intersect the parabola y2 =
y2 = 4ax are normals to the parabola x2 = 4by. 4x at A and B. Find co-ordinates of points of in-
tersection of Tangent drawn at A and B.
Q. Normal to the parabola y 2 = 12x at
P (3, 6) meet it again at the point Q. Find the Q. Pair of T = 0 are drawn to parabola
equation of the circle described on PQ as 2
y = –4x from every point on the line 3x+y=2.
diameter. S.T. there chord of contact passes through a fix
point.
Q. If the normals to the parabola y2 = 4ax at
point (t1 and t2). Intersect again on parabola at
point t3. Show that t3 = –(t1 + t2) also S.T. chord
Length of chord of contact
joining t1, t2 always passing through a fixed point.
Find the fixed # Area of le PAB formed by pair of
tengents and their chord of contect.
Q. TP and TQ are Tangensts to parabola
3/ 2
2
y = 4ax and normals at P and Q. Meet at R on the
 Area =
y 2
 4ac1 
curve prove that centre of circle circum scribing
2a
le TPQ lies on parabola.
2y2=a (x–a).point.
Conic Section Page 5
Maths IIT-JEE MC SIR
Q. From a point on the line x + 4a = 0 pair of Highlights
tangents are drawn to the parabola y2=4x S.T. the (a) If the tangent and normal at any point ‘P’
chord of contact subtend 90° at vertex. of the parabola intersect the axis at T and
G then.
(i) If the tangent and normal at any point ‘P’
# Chord in terms of mid point of the parabola intersect the axis at ‘T’ and
T = S1 ‘G’ then.
yy1 – 2a (x + x1) = y12 – 4ax1 (b) Circle circumscribing the le formed by
tangent. Normal and x-axis has its centre
at focus in l (tkl)
Q. Find the equation of chord of parabola
y2 = 8x. Whose mid point is (2,–3). (c) Portion of tangent to a parabola cut off
between the directrix and the curve sub-
Q. Find locus of mid-point of chord of tends 90° at focus.
parabola y2 = 4ax. Which always passes (d) Any tangent to parabola and perpendicular
through focus. on it from focus meet on tangent at vertex.
Q. Tangent and normal at axtimities or lotus
Diametre of parabola ractum or parabola y2 = 4ax from a square.
(e) Semilatus ractum (2a) of parabola
For conic :- Locus of mid-point of system of | |
y2 = 4ax is H.M. between segment of any
chords is called diameter. focul chord of the parabola.
For parabola
(f) Circle circumscribing the le formed by
2a
y any three tangents to a paraboala passes
m through the focus.
not take vertical becouse m not defined.
(g) Orthosentre of any le formed by three
tangents to the parabola lies on the
lirectrix and has the co-ordinates.

Conic Section Page 6