Type (I) : Very Short Answer Type Questions : [01 Mark Each]

1. What is the definition of oxidation number ?

2. What is the definition of gram equivalent mass ?

3. Define Normality of a solution with formula ?

4. Which of the following can not be oxidized ?

NO3–, CO32–, PO43–

5. What is the definition of titration ?

6. What do you mean by titrate ?

7. Define equivalence point.

8. Which of the following can show disproportionation reaction ?

ClO4– , Cl–, ClO2– , ClO3–

9. Define indicator ?

Type (II) : Short Answer Type Questions : [02 Marks Each]

10. Explain Equivalent mass of element.

11. The Mn3+ ion is unstable in solution and undergoes disproportionation to give Mn2+, MnO2, and H+ ion. Write
a balanced ionic equation for the reaction.

12. Manganese achieves its maximum oxidation state in which of these compounds :
KMnO4, K2MnO4, MnO2, Mn3O4

13. Find the oxidation number of phosphorous in the following compounds.

(i) Phosphorus acid (H3PO3) (ii) Orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4)
(iii) Metaphosphoric acid (HPO3) (iv) Pyrophosphoric acid (H4P2O7)

14. Predict whether the given statements are true or false :

(i) Oxidation number of oxygen is +1 in peroxides.
(ii) Oxidation number of oxygen is +2 in Oxygen difluoride.
1
(iii) Oxidation number of oxygen is – in superoxides.
2
(iv) Oxidation number of oxygen is –2 in most of its compounds.

15. Explain Iodimetric/Iodometric Titration.

16. Consider the reactions :

2 S2O32– (aq) + I2(s)  S4 O6 2–(aq) + 2I–(aq)
S2O32–(aq) + 2Br2(l) + 5 H2O (l)  2SO42–(aq) + 4Br–(aq) + 10H+(aq)
Why does the same reductant, thiosulphate react differently with iodine and bromine ?

17. Balance the following equations in basic medium by ion-electron method ?

(a) P4(s) + OH–(aq)  PH3(g) + H2PO2– (aq)
(b) N2H4(l) + ClO3–(aq)  NO(g) + Cl–(g)

Type (III) : Long Answer Type Questions: [03 Mark Each]

18. Whenever a reaction between an oxidising agent and a reducing agent is carried out, a compound of lower
oxidation state is formed if the reducing agent is in excess and a compound of higher oxidation state is
formed if the oxidising agent is in excess. Justify this statement giving two illustrations.
19. Consider the elements :
Cs, Ne, I and F
(a) Identify the element that exhibits only negative oxidation state.
(b) Identify the element that exhibits only postive oxidation state.
(c) Identify the element that exhibits both positive and negative oxidation states.
(d) Identify the element which exhibits neither the negative nor does the positive oxidation state.

20. Calculate the oxidation number of sulphur and nitrogen in H2SO5 and NO3–.
Also suggest structure of these compounds.

21. By which reason temporary and permanent hardness occur ? Define two method by which we can soften the
water sample.

22. Suggest a list of the substances where carbon can exhibit oxidation states from –4 to +4 and nitrogen from
–3 to +5.

Type (IV) : Very Long Answer Type Questions: [05 Mark Each]
23. Justify that the following reactions are redox reactions:
(a) CuO(s) + H2(g)  Cu(s) + H2O(g)
(b) Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g)  2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
(c) 4BCl3(g) + 3LiAlH4(s)  2B2H6(g) + 3LiCl(s) + 3 AlCl3(s)

24. What is the Disproportionation Reaction & Give the example ?

25. Balance the following redox reactions by ion – electron method :

(a) MnO4– (aq) + I– (aq)  MnO2 (s) + I2(s) (in basic medium)
(b) MnO4– (aq) + SO2 (g)  Mn2+ (aq) + HSO4– (aq) (in acidic solution)
(c) H2O2 (aq) + Fe2+ (aq)  Fe3+ (aq) + H2O (l) (in acidic solution)
(d) Cr2O72– + SO2(g)  Cr3+ (aq) + SO42– (aq) (in acidic solution)

26. Which of the following are examples of disproportionation reactions :

(a) Ag(NH3)2+ + 2H+  Ag+ + 2NH4+ (b) CI2 + 2OH–  CIO– + CI– + H2O.
(c) Cu2O + 2 H+  Cu + Cu2+ + H2O (d) S8  S–2 + S2O3–2
(e) MnO4–  MnO42– + O2. + MnO2 (f) P4  PH3 + H2PO4–
(g) Cl2  ClO3 + Cl
– –
 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
* Marked Questions are having more than one correct option.
Section (A) : Classical Concept of Equivalent weight / Mass, Equivalent weight,
n-factor and Normality for Acid, Base and Precipitate
A-1. When N2 is converted into NH3, the equivalent weight of nitrogen will be :
(1) 1.67 (2) 2.67 (3) 3.67 (4) 4.67

A-2. In the ionic equation 2K+BrO3– + 12H+ + 10e–  Br2 + 6H2O + 2K+,
the equivalent weight of KBrO3 will be :
(1) M/5 (2) M/2 (3) M/6 (4) M/4

A-3. If molecular weight of KMnO4 is 'M', then its equivalent weight in acidic medium would be :
(1) M (2) M/2 (3) M/5 (4) M/4

A-4. In the conversion NH2OH  N2O,

the equivalent weight of NH2OH will be :
(1) M/4 (2) M/2 (3) M/5 (4) M/1

A-5. In the reaction between SO2 and O3, the equivalent weight of ozone is :
(1) the same as its molecular weight (2) half the molecular weight
(3) one-third of the molecular weight (4) one-fourth of the molecular weight

A-6. The equivalent weight of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in the reaction :

NaOH + H3PO4  NaH2PO4 + H2O
(1) 59 (2) 49 (3) 25 (4) 98

A-7. The equivalent weight of MnSO4 is half its molecular weight when it is converted into
(1) Mn2O3 (2) MnO4– (3) MnO2 (4) MnO42–

A-8. The equivalent weight of Mohr's salt, FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O is equal to

(1) Its molecular weight (2) Atomic weight
(3) half-its molecular weight (4) one-third its molecular weight

A-9. When HNO3 is converted into NH3, the equivalent weight of HNO3 will be :
(1) M/2 (2) M/1 (3) M/6 (4) M/8

A-10. In the reaction : Na2S2O3 + 4Cl2 + 5H2O  Na2SO4 + H2SO4 + 8HCl,
the equivalent weight of Na2 S2 O3 will be : (M = molecular weight of Na2S2O3)
(1) M/4 (2) M/8 (3) M/1 (4) M/2

A-11. Which of the following relations is incorrect for solutions ?

(1) 3 N Al2(SO4)3 = 0.5 M Al2(SO4)3 (2) 3 M H2SO4 = 6 N H2 SO4
(3) 1 M H3 PO4 = 1/3 N H3PO4 (4) 1 M Al2 (SO4)3 = 6 N Al2(SO4)3

A-12. Equivalent weight of carbon in CO and CO2 are in the ratio of :

(1) 1 : 1 (2) 1 : 2 (3) 2 : 1 (4) 1 : 4

A-13. 28 NO3– + 3As2S3 + 4H2O  6AsO43– + 28NO + 9SO42– + 8H+.

What will be the equivalent mass of As2S3 in above reaction : (Molecular mass of As2S3 = M)

M M M M
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 4 24 28
Section (B) : Titration
B-1. How many millilitres of 0.1N H2SO4 solution will be required for complete reaction with a solution containing
0.125 g of pure Na2CO3 :
(1) 23.6 mL (2) 25.6 mL (3) 26.3 mL (4) 32.6 mL

B-2. If 25 mL of a H2SO4 solution reacts completely with 1.06 g of pure Na2CO3, what is the normality of this acid
solution :
(1) 1 N (2) 0.5 N (3) 1.8 N (4) 0.8 N

B-3. A certain weight of pure CaCO3 is made to react completely with 200 mL of a HCl solution to give 224 mL of
CO2 gas at STP. The normality of the HCl solution is:
(1) 0.05N (2) 0.1 N (3) 1.0 N (4) 0.2 N

B-4. Equivalent mass of a bivalent metal is 32.7. Molecular mass of its chloride is :
(1) 68.2 (2) 103.7 (3) 136.4 (4) 166.3

B-5. 10 mL of 1 N HCl is mixed with 20 mL of 1 M H2SO4 and 30 mL of 1 M NaOH. The resultant solution has :
(1) 20 meq of H+ ions (2) 20 meq of OH–
(3) 0 meq of H+ or OH– (4) 30 milli moles of H+

Section (C) : Hydrogen peroxide, Hardness of water, % strength of oleum, Available chlorine
C-1. The volume strength of 1.5 N H2O2 solution is :
(1) 4.8 V (2) 8.4 V (3) 3 V (4) 8 V

C-2. Find the volume strength of H2O2 solution prepared by mixing of 250 mL of 3N H2O2 & 750 mL of 1N H2O2
solution :
(1) 1.5 V (2) 8.4 V (3) 5.6 V (4) 11.2 V

C-3. Temporary hardness is due to bicarbonates of Mg2+ and Ca2+. It is removed by addition of CaO as follows :
Ca(HCO3)2 + CaO  2CaCO3 + H2O
Mass of CaO required to precipitate 2 g CaCO3 is :
(1) 2 g (2) 0.56 g (3) 0.28 g (4) 1.12 g

C-4. The mass of oxalic acid crystals (H2C2O4 . 2H2O) required to prepare 50 mL of a 0.2 N solution is :
(1) 4.5 g (2) 6.3 g (3) 0.63 g (4) 0.45 g

C-5. 125 mL of 63% (w/v) H2C2O4 . 2H2O solution is made to react with 125 mL of a 40%(w/v) NaOH solution. The
resulting solution is: (ignoring hydrolysis of ions)
(1) neutral (2) acidic (3) strongly acidic (4) alkaline

C-6. 125 mL of 63% (w/v) H2C2O4 . 2H2O solution is made to react with 125 mL of a 40%(w/v) NaOH solution. The
resulting solution is: (ignoring hydrolysis of ions)
(1) neutral (2) acidic (3) strongly acidic (4) alkaline

Section (D) : Equivalent Concept for Redox reactions, KMnO 4 / K2Cr2O7 v/s Reducing
Agents & their Redox Titration
D-1. If equal volumes of 0.1 M KMnO4 and 0.1 M K2Cr2O7 solutions are allowed to oxidise Fe2+ to Fe3+ in acidic
medium, then Fe2+ oxidised will be :
(1) more by KMnO4 (2) more by K2Cr2O7
(3) equal in both cases (4) cannot be determined.

D-2. Which of the following solutions will exactly oxidize 25 mL of an acid solution of 0.1 M iron () oxalate:
(1) 25 mL of 0.1 M KMnO4 (2) 25 mL of 0.2 M KMnO4
(3) 25 mL of 0.6 M KMnO4 (4) 15 mL of 0.1 M KMnO4
D-3. An element A in a compound ABD has oxidation number –n. It is oxidised by Cr2O72– in acid medium. In the
experiment, 1.68 × 10–3 moles of K2Cr2O7 were used for 3.36 × 10–3 moles of ABD. The new oxidation number
of A after oxidation is :
(1) 3 (2) 3 – n (3) n – 3 (4) +n

D-4. Consider the reactions shown below :

Which of the following statements is false : [Atomic Mass of Zinc = 65.4]

(1) Silver chromate (VI) has the formula Ag2CrO4.
(2) The minimum mass of zinc required to reduce 0.1 mole of Cr3+ to Cr2+ is 6.54 g.
(3) The conversion of CrO42– into Cr2O72– is not a redox reaction.
(4) The equation Cr2O72– + 14H+ + 6Fe2+  6Fe3+ + 2Cr3+ + 7H2O correctly describes the reduction of Cr2O72–
by acidified FeSO4.

D-5. The number of moles of oxalate ions oxidized by one mole of MnO 4– ion in acidic medium is :

5 2 3 5
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 5 5 3

D-6. If equal volumes of 0.1 M KMnO4 and 0.1 M K2Cr2O7 solutions are allowed to oxidise Fe2+ to Fe3+ in acidic
medium, then Fe2+ oxidised will be :
(1) more by KMnO4 (2) more by K2Cr2O7
(3) equal in both cases (4) cannot be determined.

D-7. An element A in a compound ABD has oxidation number –n. It is oxidised by Cr2O72– in acid medium. In the
experiment, 1.68 × 10–3 moles of K2Cr2O7 were used for 3.36 × 10–3 moles of ABD. The new oxidation number
of A after oxidation is :
(1) 3 (2) 3 – n (3) n – 3 (4) +n

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Single choice type
1. Volume V1 mL of 0.1M K2Cr2O7 is needed for complete oxidation of 0.678 g N2H4 in acidic medium. The
volume of 0.3 M KMnO4 needed for same oxidation in acidic medium will be:

2 5
(1) V (2) V
5 1 2 1
(3) 113 V1 (4) can not be determined

2. In which of the following reactions is there a change in the oxidation number of nitrogen atom:
(1) 2 NO2  N2 O4 (2) NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH–
(3) N2O5 + H2O  2HNO3 (4) None of these
3. In the reaction xHI + yHNO3  NO + 2 + H2O :
(1) x = 3, y = 2 (2) x= 2, y = 3 (3) x = 6, y = 2 (4) x = 6, y = 1

4. For the redox reaction MnO4– + C2O42– + H+  Mn2+ + CO2 + H2O,
the correct stoichiometric coefficients of MnO4–, C2O42– and H+ are respectively:
(1) 2, 5, 16 (2) 16, 5, 2 (3) 5, 16, 2 (4) 2, 16, 5

5. In which of the following reactions, hydrogen is acting as an oxidising agent ?

(1) With iodine to give hydrogen iodide (2) With lithium to give lithium hydride
(3) With nitrogen to give ammonia (4) With sulphur to give hydrogen sulphide

6. The violent reaction between sodium and water is an example of :

(1) Reduction (2) Oxidation (3) Redox reaction (4) Neutralization reaction

7. SO2 acts as an oxidant when it reacts with :

(1) Acidified KMnO4 (2) Acidified K2Cr2O7 (3) H2S (4) Acidified C2H5OH

8. When SO2 is passed through an acidified solution of potassium dichromate, the oxidation state of S changes
from :
(1) + 4 to 0 (2) + 4 to +2 (3) + 4 to +6 (4) + 6 to +4

9. When SO2 is passed through a solution of potassium iodate, the oxidation state of iodine changes from :
(1) + 5 to 0 (2) + 5 to – 1 (3) – 5 to 0 (4) – 7 to – 1

10. The number of electrons required to balance the following equation,

NO3– + 4H+ + e–  2H2O + NO is
(1) 5 (2) 4 (3) 3 (4) 2

11. Which of the following is not a redox reaction ?

(1) CaCO3  CaO + CO2 (2) O2 + 2H2  2H2O
(3) Na + H2O  NaOH + 1/2 H2 (4) MnCl3  MnCl2 + 1/2 Cl2

12. In which of the following pairs, there is greatest difference in the oxidation number of the under lined
elements?
(1) NO2 and N2O4 (2) P2O5 and P4O10 (3) N2O and NO (4) SO2 and SO3

13. In the chemical reaction, K2Cr2O7 + XH2SO4 + YSO2  K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + ZH2O
X, Y and Z are :
(1) 1, 3, 1 (2) 4, 1, 4 (3) 3, 2, 3 (4) 2, 1, 2

14. Which substance serves as reducing agent in the following reaction ?

14H+ + Cr2O72– + 3Ni  2Cr3+ + 7H2O + 3Ni2+
(1) H2O (2) Ni (3) H+ (4) Cr2O72–

15. M is molecular weight of KMnO4. The equivalent weight of KMnO4 when it is converted into K2MnO4 is :
(1) M (2) M/3 (3) M/5 (4) M/7

16. Which of the following reactions depicts the oxidising property of SO 2 ?

(1) SO2 + H2O  H2SO3 (2) 2H2S + SO2  3S + 2H2O

(3) Cl2 + SO2  SO2Cl2 (4) 2MnO4– + 5SO2 + 2H2O  5SO42– + 2Mn2+ + 4H+

17. In which of the following reactions, there is no change in valency ?

(1) 4KClO3  3KClO4 + KCl (2) SO2 + 2H2S  2H2O + 3S

(3) BaO2 + H2SO4  BaSO4 + H2O2 (4) 2BaO + O2  2BaO2
18. Nitric oxide acts as a reducing agent in the reaction
(1) 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O (2) 2NO + 32 + 4H2O  2NO3– + 6– + 8H+

(3) 2NO + H2SO3  N2O + H2SO4 (4) 2NO + H2S  N2O + S + H2O

19. In the reaction, + H2S  + 2HCl + S

(1) FeCl3 acts as an oxidizing agent (2) Both H2S and FeCl3 are oxidized
(3) FeCl3 is oxidised while H2S is reduced (4) H2S acts as an oxidizing agent

20. When KMnO4 reacts with acidified FeSO4

(1) Only FeSO4 is oxidised (2) Only KMnO4 is oxidised
(3) FeSO4 is oxidised and KMnO4 is reduced (4) None of the above

21. Which of the following is a redox reaction ?

(1) H2SO4 with NaOH
(2) In atmosphere, O3 from O2 by lightning
(3) Nitrogen oxides from nitrogen and oxygen by lightning
(4) Evaporation of H2O

22. Which of the following elements has least oxidation number ?

(1) Ni(CN)4 (2) Ni(CO)4 (3) Fe2O3 (4) SF6

23. KMnO4 oxidises oxalic acid in acidic medium. The number of CO2 molecule produced as per the balanced
equation is
(1) 10 (2) 8 (3) 6 (4) 3

24. A metal ion M3+ loses 3 electrons, its oxidation number will be
(1) +3 (2) +6 (3) 0 (4) –3

25. In which of the following, transition metal has zero oxidation state ?
(1) [Fe(CO)5] (2) NH2.NH2 (3) NOClO4 (4) CrO5

26. Which statement is not correct ?

(1) Potassium permanganate is a powerful oxidising substance
(2) Potassium permanganate is a weaker oxidising agent than potassium dichromate
(3) Potassium permanganate is a stronger oxidising agent than potassium dichromate
(4) Potassium dichromate oxidised a secondary alcohol into a ketone.

27. What is the coefficient of oxalate ion in the following reaction ?

MnO4– + C2O42– + H+  Mn2+ + CO2 + H2O
(1) 4 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 5

28. HNO3 oxidises NH4+ ions to nitrogen and itself gets reduced to NO2. The moles of HNO3 required by 1 mole
of (NH4)2SO4 is :
(1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 2

29. How many litres of Cl2 at STP will be liberated by the oxidation of NaCl with 10 g KMnO 4 in acidic medium:
(Atomic weight : Mn = 55 and K = 39)
(1) 3.54 (2) 7.08 (3) 1.77 (4) None of these

30. When tetracarbonylnickel(0) is heated, it dissociates into its components. If 5 moles of this compound is
heated and the resulting gaseous component is absorbed by sufficient amount of 2O5, liberating 2. What

volume of 4M Hypo solution will be required to react with this 2 : Ni(CO)4  Ni + 4CO
(1) 1 lit. (2) 2 lit. (3) 3 lit. (4) 4 lit.
31. Which of the following statements is incorrect :
(1) 0.2 moles of KMnO4 will oxidise one mole of ferrous ions to ferric ions in acidic medium.
(2) 1.5 moles of KMnO4 will oxidise 1 mole of ferrous oxalate to one mole of ferric ion and carbon dioxide in
acidic medium in acidic medium.
(3) 0.6 moles of KMnO4 will oxidise 1 mole of ferrous oxalate to one mole of ferric ion and carbon dioxide in
acidic medium.
(4) 1 mole of K2Cr2O7 will oxidise 2 moles of ferrous oxalate to ferric ions and carbon dioxide in acidic
medium.

32. When hypo solution is added to KMnO4 solution then

(1) Na2S2O3 is converted to Na2SO4 (2) Na2S2O3 is converted to Na2S4O6
(3) KMnO4 is converted to K2MnO4 (4) KMnO4 is converted to MnSO4

AIIMS CORNER
ASSERTION / REASONING
Directions : Each of these questions contains an Assertion followed by reason. Read them carefully and answer the
question on the basis of following options. You have to select the one that best describes the two statements.
(1) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(2) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(3) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(4) If both assertion and reason are false.

1. Assertion : A substance which gets reduced can act as an oxidising agent.

Reason : In the reaction, 3ClO–  ClO3– + 2Cl– , Cl atom is oxidised as well as reduced.

2. Assertion : 2CuCl  CuCl2 + Cu is a disproportionation reaction.

Reason : All transition metals show disproportionation reactions.

3. Assertion : Sulphur dioxide and chlorine are both bleaching agents.

Reason : Both are reducing agents.

4. Assertion : F2 does not undergo disproportionation reactions.

Reason : Fluorine shows only 0 and –1 oxidation states.

5. Assertion : Fe3O4 contains iron atoms in two different oxidation numbers.

Reason : Fe2+ ions decolourize KMnO4 solution.

6. Assertion : In the redox reaction 8 H+ (aq) + 4 NO3– + 6 Cl– + Sn(s)  SnCl62– + 4 NO2 + 4 H2O, the
reducing agent is Sn(s).
Reason : In balancing half reaction, S2O32–  S(s), the number of electrons added on the left is 4.

7. Assertion : In the reaction, MnO4– + 5Fe2+ + 8H+  Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O, MnO4– acts as
oxidising agent.
Reason : : In the above reaction, n-factor for MnO4 is 5.
8. Assertion : If 200 mL of 0.1N NaOH is added to 200 mL of 0.1N H2SO4 solution, then the resulting solution
is acidic.
Reason : If milliequivalents of acid is greater than milliequivalents of base, then upon mixing the solution is
acidic.
1. The values of x and y in the following redox reaction, xCl2 + 6OH–  ClO3– + yCl– + 3H2O are a
[AIPMT 2000]
(1) x = 2, y = 4 (2) x = 5, y = 3 (3) x = 3, y = 5 (4) x = 4, y = 2

2. The oxidation states of sulphur in the anions SO32– , S2O42– and S2O62– follow the order : [AIPMT 2003]
(1) S2O42– < SO32– < S2O62– (2) SO32– < S2O42– < S2O62–
(3) S2O42– < S2O62– < SO32– (4) S2O62– < S2O42– < SO32–

3. For decolourization of 1 mole of KMnO4, the moles of H2O2 required is [AIPMT 2004]
(1) 1/2 (2) 3/2 (3) 5/2 (4) 7/2

4. Which is the best description of the behaviour of bromine in the reaction given below ? [AIPMT 2004]
H2O + Br2  HOBr + HBr
(1) Proton acceptor only (2) Both oxidised and reduced
(3) Oxidised only (4) Reduced only

5. The number of moles of KMnO4 reduced by one mole of KI in alkaline medium is [AIPMT 2005]
(1) one (2) two (3) five (4) one fifith

6. Number of moles of MnO4– required to oxidize one mole of ferrous oxalate completely in acidic medium will
be : [AIPMT 2008]
(1) 7.5 moles (2) 0.2 moles (3) 0.6 moles (4) 0.4 moles

7. On the basis of the following Eº values, the strongest oxidizing agent is [AIPMT 2008]
[Fe (CN)6 ]4–
 [Fe(CN)6] + e ;
3– –1
Eº = – 0.35 V
Fe  Fe + e ;
2+ 3+ –1
Eº = – 0.77 V
(1) Fe3+ (2) [Fe(CN)6]3– (3) [Fe(CN)6] 4– (4) Fe2+

8. When Cl2 gas reacts with hot and concentrated sodium hydroxide solution, the oxidation number of chlorine
changes from : [AIPMT 2012]
(1) Zero to +1 and zero to –5 (2) Zero to –1 and zero to +5
(3) Zero to –1 and zero to +3 (4) Zero to +1 and zero to –3

9. In which of the following compounds, nitrogen exhibits highest oxidation state ? [AIPMT 2012]
(1) N2H4 (2) NH3 (3) N3H (4) NH2OH

10. A mixture of potassium chlorate, oxalic acid and sulphuric acid is heated. During the reaction which element
undergoes maximum change in the oxidation number ? [AIPMT 2012]
(1) S (2) H (3) Cl (4) C

11. In the balanced chemical reaction,

O3– + a– + bH+  cH2O + d2
a, b, c and d respectively correspond to [AIIMS 2005]
(1) 5, 6, 3, 3 (2) 5, 3, 6, 3 (3) 3, 5, 3, 6 (4) 5, 6, 5,5

12. Assertion : Reaction of SO2 and H2S in the presence of Fe2O3 catalyst gives elemental sulphur.
Reason : SO2 is a reducing agent. [AIIMS 2005]
(1) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is a correct explanation of assertion.
(2) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of assertion.
(3) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(4) If assertion and reason both are false.
13. The charge required for the reduction of 1 mol of MnO2 is : [AIIMS 2006]
(1) 1 F (2) 3 F (3) 5 F (4) 6 F

14. Assertion : K2Cr2O7 is used as a primary standard in volumetric analysis.

Reason : It has a good solubility in water. [AIIMS 2006]
(1) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is a correct explanation of assertion.
(2) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of assertion.
(3) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(4) If assertion and reason both are false.

15. Assertion : Change in colour of acidic solution of potassium dichromate by breath is used to test drunk
drivers.
Reason : Change in colour is due to the complexation of alcohol with potassium dichromate. [AIIMS 2006]
(1) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is a correct explanation of assertion.
(2) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of assertion.
(3) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(4) If assertion and reason both are false.

16. The oxidation states of iodine in HIO4, H3IO5 and H5IO6 are, respectively : [AIIMS 2008]
(1) + 1, + 3, + 7 (2) + 7, + 7, + 3 (3) + 7, + 7, + 7 (4) + 7, + 5, + 3

Molecular weight
17. Assertion : Equivalent weight of a base = Acidity
Reason : Acidity is the number of replaceable hydrogen atoms in one molecule of the base. [AIIMS 2008]
(1) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is a correct explanation of assertion.
(2) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of assertion.
(3) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(4) If assertion and reason both are false.

18. x moles of potassium dichromate oxidises 1 mole of ferrous oxalate, in acidic medium. Here x is :
[AIIMS 2009]
(1) 3 (2) 1.5 (3) 0.5 (4) 1.0

19. In the following redox equation,

xUO2+ + Cr2O2–7 + yH+  aUO2+2 + zCr3+ + bH2O
the values of coefficients x, y and z are, respectively : [AIIMS 2009]
(1) 3, 8, 2 (2) 3, 8, 7 (3) 3, 2, 4 (4) 3, 1, 8

20. The equivalent weight of H3PO2, when it disproportionate into PH3 and H3PO3 is : [AIIMS 2010]
(1) 82 (2) 61.5 (3) 14 (4) 20.5

21. By which of the following process permanent hardness of water can be removed ? [AFMC 2005]
(1) Soda lime (2) Sodium bicarbonate (3) Washing soda (4) Sodium chloride

22. The formula mass of Mohr’s salt is 392. The iron present in it is oxidised by KMnO 4 in acid medium. The
equivalent mass of Mohr’s salt is [AFMC 2008]
(1) 392 (2) 31.6 (3) 278 (4) 156

23. What is the equivalent weight of SnCl2 in the following reaction, SnCl2 + Cl2  SnCl4 ? [AFMC 2011]
SnCl2 + Cl2  SnCl4
(1) 95 (2) 45 (3) 60 (4) 30

24. When sulphur dioxide is passed in an acidified K2Cr2O7 solution, the oxidation state of sulphur is changed
from : [AFMC 2011]
(1) +4 to 0 (2) +4 to +2 (3) +4 to +6 (4) +6 to +4

25. The oxidation state of M3+ after removing three electrons is : [RPMT 2005]
(1) zero (2) +3 (3) +6 (4) –6
26. The equivalent weight of KMnO4 in acidic medium is : [RPMT 2005]
(1) 158 (2) 52.67 (3) 31.6 (4) 49

27. The oxidation number of sulphur in Na2S2O3 is : [RPMT 2005]

(1) +1 (2) +2 (3) +3 (4) –3

28. 35.4 mL of HCl is required for the neutralization of a solution containing 0.275 g of sodium hydroxide. The
normality of hydrochloric acid is ? [RPMT 2005]
(1) 0.97 N (2) 0.142 N (3) 0.194 N (4) 0.244 N

29. In an oxidation-reduction reaction, MnO4– ion is converted to Mn2+. What is the number of equivalents of
KMnO4 (mol. wt. = 158) present in 250 mL of 0.04 M KMnO4 solution ? [RPMT2008]
(1) 0.02 (2) 0.05 (3) 0.04 (4) 0.07

30. In an oxidation reduction reaction, dichromate (Cr2O72–) ion is reduced to Cr3+ ion. The equivalent weight of
K2Cr2O7 in this reaction is : [RPMT 2008]
molecular weight molecular weight molecular weight molecular weight
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 6 1 2

31. Oxidation state of oxygen in F2O is : [RPMT 2008]

(1) +1 (2) –1 (3) +2 (4) –2

AIEEE Problems of Previous Years

1. When KMnO4 acts as an oxidising agent and ultimately forms Mn O 24 , MnO2, Mn2O3 and Mn2+, then the
number of electrons transferred in each case is : [AIEEE 2002]
(1) 4, 3, 1, 5 (2) 1, 5, 3, 7 (3) 1, 3, 4, 5 (4) 3, 5, 7, 1

2. What will happen if the solution of potassium chromate reacts with excess amount of nitric acid
(1) Cr reduces in the oxidation state +3 from CrO42– [AIEEE 2003]
(2) Cr oxidises in the oxidation state +7 from CrO42–
(3) Cr+3 and Cr2O72– will be formed.
(4) Cr2O72– and H2O will be formed.

3. The oxidation state of chromium in the final product formed by the reaction between KI and acidified potas-
sium dichromate solution is : [AIEEE 2005]
(1) + 4 (2) + 6 (3) + 2 (4) + 3

4. Amount of oxalic acid present in a solution can be determined by its titration with KMnO 4 solution in the
presence of H2SO4. The titration gives unsatisfactory result when carried out in the presence of HCl,
because HCl : [AIEEE 2008, 3/105]
(1) furnishes H+ ions in addition to those from oxalic acid.
(2) reduces permanganate to Mn2+.
(3) oxidises oxalic acid to carbon dioxide and water.
(4) gets oxidised by oxalic acid to chlorine.

5. 29.5 mg of an organic compound containing nitrogen was digested according to Kjeldahl’s method and the
evolved ammonia was absorbed in 20 mL of 0.1 M HCl solution. The excess of the acid required 15 mL of 0.1
M NaOH solution for complete neutralization. The percentage of nitrogen in the compound is :
[AIEEE 2010, 4/144]
(1) 59.0 (2) 47.4 (3) 23.7 (4) 29.5

6. Consider the following reaction : [JEE Mains-2013, 4/120]

z
xMnO4– + yC2O42– + zH+  xMn2+ + 2yCO2 + H2O
2
The values of x, y and z in the reaction are, respectively :
(1) 5, 2 and 16 (2) 2, 5 and 8 (3) 2, 5 and 16 (4) 5, 2 and 8
7. For the estimation of nitrogen, 1.4 g of an organic compound was digested by Kjeldahl method and the
M M
evolved ammonia was absorbed in 60 mL of sulphuric acid. The unreacted acid required 20 mL of
10 10
sodium hydroxide for complete neutralization. The percentage of nitrogen in the compound is :
[JEE(Main) 2014, 4/120]
(1) 6% (2) 10% (3) 3% (4) 5%

Objective Questions of Previous Years of IIT-JEE

1. The equivalent mass of MnSO4 is half its molecular mass when it is converted to : [JEE 1998, 2]
(A) Mn2O3 (B) MnO2 (C) MnO4– (D) MnO42–

2. An aqueous solution of 6.3 g of oxalic acid is made upto 250 mL. The volume of 0.1 N NaOH required to
completely neutralise 10 mL of this solution is : [JEE 2001, 1/35]
(A) 40 mL (B) 20 mL (C) 10 mL (D) 4 mL

3. In basic medium, I– is oxidised by MnO4–. In this process, I– changes to : [JEE 2004, 3/84]
(A) IO3– (B) I2 (C) IO4– (D) IO–

4. Consider a titration of potassium dichromate solution with acidified Mohr's salt solution using diphenylamine
as indicator. The number of moles of Mohr's salt required per mole of dichromate is : [JEE 2007, 3/162]
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6

5. 25 mL of household bleach solution was mixed with 30 mL of 0.50 M KI and 10 mL of 4N acetic acid. In the
titration of the liberated iodine, 48 mL of 0.25 N Na2S2O3 was used to reach the end point. The molarity of the
household bleach solution is : [JEE 2012, 3/136]
(A) 0.48 M (B) 0.96 M (C) 0.24 M (D) 0.024 M

6. Bleaching powder contains a salt of an oxoacid as one of its components. The anhydride of that oxoacid is
[JEE 2012, 3/136]
(A) Cl2O (B) Cl2O7 (C) ClO2 (D) Cl2O6

7.* For the reaction : I¯ + ClO3– + H2SO4  Cl¯ + HSO4– + I2

The correct statement(s) in the balanced equation is/are : [JEE (Advanced) 2014, 3/120]
(A) Stoichiometric coefficient of HSO –4 is 6. (B) Iodide is oxidized.
(C) Sulphur is reduced. (D) H2O is one of the products.
 BOARD LEVEL EXERCISE : HINT & SOLUTIONS
1. Oxidation Number : It is an imaginary or apparent charge developed over atom of an element when it goes
from its elemental free state to combined state in molecules.

2. Equivalent mass is a pure number which, when expressed in gram, is called gram equivalent mass.

molar mass
Equivalent mass =
Valency factor
The valency factor is different for different substance.

3. Normality of a solution is defined as the number of equivalents of solute present in one litre (1000 mL)
solution.
Let V mL of a solution is prepared by dissolving W g of solute of equivalent weight E in water.

W  1000
Normality (N) = E V

4. NO3–, CO32–, PO43–

5. Titration is a procedure for determining the concentration of a solution by allowing a carefully measured
volume to react with a standard solution of another substance, whose concentration is known.

6. Solution consisting of substance to be estimated, generally taken in a beaker and this is known as titrate.

7. It is the point when number of equivalents of titrant added becomes equal to number of equivalents of titrate.

8. ClO2– , ClO3–

9. An auxiliary substance added for physical detection of completion of titration at equivalence point. It generally
shows colour change on completion of titration.

10. Number of parts by mass of an element which reacts or displaces from a compound 1.008 parts by mass of
hydrogen, 8 parts by mass of oxygen and 35.5 parts by mass of chlorine, is known as the equivalent
weight of that element.

11. 2 Mn+3 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)  MnO2 (s) + Mn2+ (aq) + 4 H+ (aq)

( 7 ) ( 6) ( 4 ) 8/3
12. KMnO 4 > K 2MnO 4 > MnO 2 > Mn3O 4

13.

14. (i) F (ii) T (iii) T (iv) T

15. Iodine is a moderately strong oxidising agent and can be used to titrate reducing agent.
The redox titration involving iodine solution as an oxidant eg. Na2S2O3 vs I2 are called iodimetric titration.
The reaction is Na2S2O3 + I2  Na2S4O6 + 2NaI.
In the indirect method, commonly known as Iodometry, the oxidizing agent, which is to be determine is
treated with excess of iodide ion under suitable condition. Iodine is liberated quantitatively and estimated by
titrating with a standard thioslphate solution.
2CuSO4 + 4KI  Cu2I2 + 2K2SO4 + I2
I2 + 2Na2S2O3  Na2S4O6 + 2NaI
16. The average O.N. of S in S2O32– is + 2 while in S4O62– it is + 2.5. The O.N. of S in SO42– is + 6. Since Br2 is a
stronger oxidising agent that 2, it oxidised S of S2O32– to a higher oxidation state of +6 and hence from SO42–
ion.2, however, being a weaker oxidising agent oxidises S of S2O32– ion to a lower oxidation of + 2.5 in S4O62–
ion. It is because of this reason that thiosulphate reacts differently with Br 2 and 2.

17. (a) P4(s) +3 OH–(aq) + 3 H2O (l)  PH3(g) + 3 H2PO2– (aq)

(b) 3 N2H4(l) +4 ClO3–(aq)  6 NO(g) + 4 Cl– (g) + 6 H2O (l)

18. (i) C is reducing agent while O2 is an oxidising agent. If excess of carbon is burnt in a limited supply of O2, CO
is formed in which the oxidation state of C is + 2. If however, excess of O2 is used, the initially formed CO
gets oxidised to CO2 in which oxidation state of C is + 4.
2 4
2 C (s) + O2 (g)  2 CO (g) ; C (s) + O2 (g)  CO2 (g)
(Excess) (Excess)
(ii) P4 is reducing agent while Cl2 is an oxidising agent. When excess of P4 is used , PCl3 is formed in which
the oxidation state of P is + 3. If however , excess of Cl2 is used , the initially formed PCl3 reacts further to
form PCl5 in which the oxidation state of P is + 5
3 5
P4 (s) + 6 Cl2 (g)  4 PCl3 ; P4 (s) + 10 Cl2  4 PCl5
(Excess) (Excess)
(iii) Na is reducing agent while O2 is an oxidising agent. When excess of Na is used, sodium oxide is formed
in which the oxidation state of O is – 2. If however, excess of O2 is used, Na2O2 is formed in which the
oxidation state of O is – 1 which is higher than – 2.
–2 –1
4 Na (s) + O2 (g)  Na2 O (s) ; 2 Na (s) + 2 O2 (g)  Na2 O 2 (s)
(Excess) (Excess)

19. (a) F : Fluorine being the most electonegative element shows only a negative oxidation state of – 1.
(b) Cs : Alkali metals becuase of the presence of single electron in the valence shell so the oxidation number
is + 1
(c) I : Beacuse of the presence of seven electron in the valence shell it shows –1, +1, +3, +5, +7 oxidation
number.
(d) Ne : It is an inert gas and hence it neither shows negative nor positive oxidation state.

20. (i) O.N. of S in H2SO5.

By conventional method, the O.N. of S in H2SO5 is 2 (+ 1) + x + 5 (–2) = 0 or x = + 8.
This is impossible because the maximum O.N. of S cannot be more than six since it has only six electrons
in the valence shell. This fallacy is overcome if we calculate the O.N. of S by chemical bonding method. The
structure of H2SO5 is

2 × (+1) + x + 2 (–1) + 3 × (–2) = 0 or x=+6

for (H) (for S) for( O– O) for other O atoms)
(ii) O.N. of N is NO 3–

According to chemical bonding method ,

x + 1 (–1) + 1 (–2) + 1 (–2) = 0 or x = + 5

( for O– ) (for = O) for  O
Thus, there is no fallacy about the oxidation number of N in NO 3– whether one calculates by conventional
method or by chemical bonding method.
21. Temporary hardness - due to bicarbonates of Ca & Mg
Permanent hardness - due to chlorides & sulphates of Ca & Mg.
There are some method by which we can soften the water sample.
(a) By boiling : 2HCO3–  H2O + CO2 + CO32–
or By Slaked lime : Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2  CaCO3 + 2H2O
Ca2+ + CO32–  CaCO3
(b) By Washing Soda : CaCl2 + Na2CO3  CaCO3 + 2NaCl
(c) By ion exchange resins : Na2R + Ca2+  CaR + 2Na+
(d) By adding chelating agents like (PO3–)3 etc.

22. Compound O.No. of Carbon Compound O.No. of Carbon

CH4 –4 NH3 –3
CH3CH3 –3 NH2–NH2 –2
CH2=CH2 or CH3Cl –2 NH=NH –1
CHCH –1 NN 0
CH2Cl2 0 N2 O +1
C2Cl2 or C6Cl6 +1 NO +2
CO or CHCl3 +2 N2 O 3 +3
C2Cl6 or (COOH)2 +3 N2 O 4 +4
CO2 or CCl4 +4 N2 O 5 +5

2 –2 0 0 1 –2
23. (a) Cu O (s) + H (g)  Cu (s) + H O (g)
2 2
Here, O is removed from CuO, therefore, it is reduced to Cu while O is added to H2 to from H2O, therefore, it
is oxidised. Further, O.N. of Cu decreases from + 2 in CuO to 0 in Cu but that of H increases from 0 in H 2
to + 1 in H2O. Therefore, CuO is reduced to Cu but H2 is oxidised to H2O. Thus, this is a redox reaction.
3 –2  2 0 4
(b) Fe 2 O3 (s) + 3 CO (g)  2 Fe (s) + 3 CO2 (g)
Here O.N. of Fe decreases from + 3 in Fe2O3 to 0 in Fe while that of C increases from + 2 in CO to + 4 in CO2.
Further, oxygen is removed from Fe2O3 and added to CO, therefore, Fe2O3 is reduced while CO is oxidised.
Thus, this is a redox reaction.
3 –1 1  3 –1 – 3 1 1 –1  3 –1
(c) 4 B Cl3 (g) + Li Al H4 (s)  2 B 2 H6 (g) + Li Cl (s) + 3 Al Cl 3 (s)
Here, O.N. of B decreases from + 3 in BCl3 to – 3 in B2H6 while that of H increases from – 1 in LiAlH4 to + 1
in LiCl . Therefore, BCl3 is reduced while LiAlH4 is oxidised. Further, H is added to BCl3 but is removed from
LiAlH4 therefore, BCl3 is reduced while LiAlH4 is oxidised. thus, it is a redox reaction.

24. Disproportionation Reaction : A redox reaction in which same element present in a particular compound
in a definite oxidation state is oxidized as well as reduced simultaneously is a disproportionation reaction.
Disproportionation reactions are a special type of redox reactions. One of the reactants in a disproportionation
reaction always contains an element that can exist in at least three oxidation states. The element in
the form of reacting substance is in the intermediate oxidation state and both higher and lower oxidation
states of that element are formed in the reaction. For example :
1 2 0
2H2O 2 (aq)  2H2O () + O 2 (g)
0 2 2
S8 (s) +12OH¯(aq)  4S 2  (aq) + 2S 2O 23  (aq) + 6H2O ()
0 1 1
Cl2 (g) + 2OH¯(aq)  ClO  (aq) + Cl  (aq) + H2O ()
25. (a) 2MnO4– (aq) + 6 I– (aq) + 4 H2O (l)  2 MnO2 (s) + 3 I2 (s) + 8 OH– (in basic medium)
(b)2 MnO4– (aq) + 5 SO2 + 2 H2O (l) + H+ (aq)  2 Mn2+ (aq) + 5 HSO4– (aq) (in acidic solution)
(c) H2O2 (aq) + 2 Fe2+ (aq) + 2 H+ (aq)  2 Fe3+ (aq) + 2 H2O (l) (in acidic solution)
(d) Cr2O72– + 3 SO2(g) + 2H+ (aq)  2 Cr3+ (aq) + 3 SO42– (aq) + H2O (l) (in acidic solution)
26. Disproportionation reaction  b,c,d,f,g.

EXERCISE - 1
A-1. (4) A-2. (1) A-3. (3) A-4. (2) A-5. (2)
A-6. (4) A-7. (3) A-8. (1) A-9. (4) A-10. (2)
A-11. (3) A-12. (3) A-13. (4) B-1. (1) B-2. (4)
B-3. (2) B-4. (3) B-5. (1) C-1. (2) C-2. (2)
C-3. (2) C-4. (3) C-5. (1) C-6. (1) D-1. (2)
D-2. (4) D-3. (2) D-4. (2) D-5. (1) D-6. (2)
D-7. (2)

EXERCISE - 2
1. (1) 2. (4) 3. (3) 4. (1) 5. (2)
6. (3) 7. (3) 8. (3) 9. (2) 10. (3)
11. (1) 12. (4) 13. (1) 14. (2) 15. (1)
16. (2) 17. (3) 18. (2) 19. (1) 20. (3)
21. (3) 22. (2) 23. (1) 24. (2) 25. (1)
26. (2) 27. (4) 28. (3) 29. (1) 30. (2)
31. (2) 32. (1)

EXERCISE - 3
1. (2) 2. (3) 3. (2) 4. (1) 5. (2)
6. (2) 7. (2) 8. (4)

EXERCISE - 4
LEVEL-1
1. (3) 2. (1) 3. (3) 4. (2) 5. (2)
6. (3) 7. (1) 8. (2) 9. (3) 10. (3)
11. (1) 12. (3) 13. (2) 14. (3) 15. (3)
16. (3) 17. (3) 18. (3) 19. (1) 20. (2)
21. (3) 22. (1) 23. (1) 24. (3) 25. (3)
26. (3) 27. (2) 28. (3) 29. (2) 30. (2)
31. (3)

LEVEL-2

1. (3) 2. (4) 3. (4) 4. (2) 5. (3)

6. (3) 7. (2)

LEVEL-3

1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (D) 5. (C)

6. (A) 7.* (A,B,D)