A TWO-STAGE BUS TRACKING SYSTEM WITH LIVE

TRACKING AND AI-POWERED SEAT AVAILABILITY

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

HARISH K (927622BAL014)

RAMANA M

(927622BAL038)

SYED SAMI U (927622BAL048)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING

M. KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KARUR

ANNA UNIVERSITY:: CHENNAI 600 025.

DECEMBER 2023

1
 M. KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Autonomous Institution affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “ A Two-Stage Bus Tracking System with Live
Tracking and AI-Powered Seat Availability ” is the Bonafide work of “
HARISH K (927622BAL014), RAMANA M (927622BAL038), SYED SAMI U
(927622BAL048) ” who carried out the minor project work under our supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr.R. Raja Guru, M.Tech.,Ph.D. Dr.T.Saravanan,
ASSOCIATE PROFFESSOR AND HEAD SUPERVISOR
Department of Artificial Intelligence Assistant Professor/AI
M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Department of Artificial Intelligence
Thalavapalayam, M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering
Karur-639113. Thalavapalayam,
Karur -639113.

Submitted for the Project Work, held on .

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ii
 ABSTRACT

The Advanced Bus Tracking System with Live Tracking and Seat Detection AI
represents a cutting-edge solution to enhance the efficiency, safety, and overall
experience of public transportation. This system harnesses the power of real-time
tracking technology and artificial intelligence to revolutionize the way we interact
with and manage bus services. The core feature of this system is its live tracking
capability, which allows passengers to monitor the precise location of buses in real-
time through a user-friendly mobile application. This not only eliminates
uncertainties associated with bus arrival times but also aids in route planning,
reducing waiting times and ensuring a seamless travel experience. Additionally, the
system incorporates an innovative Seat Detection AI, which employs computer vision
and machine learning algorithms to automatically detect and report the occupancy of
each seat on the bus. Passengers can use the app to view seat availability and select
available seats if they want to be socially distant or prefer roomier seats. In addition,
the system can help drivers and transit authorities monitor overcrowding to ensure
safer travel conditions. Administrators and transit agencies benefit from the system's
comprehensive dashboard, which provides real-time data on bus locations, ridership
and route efficiency. This data-driven approach enables proactive decision making
and optimizes fleet management and service quality.

In summary, the Advanced Bus Tracking System with Live Tracking and Seat
Detection represents a technological leap forward in public transportation. Its
seamless live tracking feature guarantees passengers an enhanced travel experience,
while seat recognition AI promotes safety and social distancing. This system provides
a holistic solution to improve public transportation while promoting a more connected
and informed community.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER
TITLE PAGE NO
NO
ABSTRACT iii
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS vii
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Problem Statement 1
1.1.1 Current Issues 2
1.1.2 Consequences 2
1.1.3 Proposed Solution 2
1.2 Objective 3
1.3 Benefits 3
2. LITERATURE SURVEY 4
3. FEASIBILITY STUDY 19
3.1 Web Development 19
3.2 App Development 20
3.3 Hardware Integration 20
4. PROJECT METHODOLOGY 21
4.1 Proposed Project 21
4.2 Project Evaluation 22
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 23
6. CONCLUSION 26
7. REFERENCES 27

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO FIGURE TITLE PAGE

NO
1 Database Implementation 5
5 Communication System 9
6 Front-end Implementation using Firebase 13
7 Hardware Implementation using Firebase 17
8 Flowchart of the sequence of events 21
9 Sign-Up Page 23
10 Home Page 1 24

11 Home Page 2 24
12 About Page Insight into the Service 25
13 About Page How the system is integrated 25

v
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO TABLE TITLE PAGE NO

1 Database Management 6

2 Communication Systems 9

3 Front-end Implementation 14

4 Hardware Implementation 17

vi
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATION EXPANSIONS

GPS Global Positioning System

BaaS Backend-as-a-Service
APIs Application Programming Interface
IVR Interactive Voice Response
HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
HTML The HyperText Markup Language
CSS Cascading Style Sheets
IoT Internet of Things
GUI Graphical User Interface

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 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION

In the bustling urban landscape, efficient public transportation is crucial for ensuring
smooth daily commutes. The Smart Bus Tracker project aims to revolutionize the public
transportation experience by introducing a real-time bus tracking system. This innovative
solution leverages cutting-edge technology to provide commuters with accurate, up-to-the-
minute information about the location and estimated arrival times of buses.A Bus Tracking
System represents a technological solution designed to address these needs, offering a
comprehensive approach to managing and monitoring bus fleets. This system leverages
cutting-edge technologies, such as GPS (Global Positioning System), mobile
communications, and data analytics, to provide real-time information about the location,
status, and performance of buses within a fleet.

1.1. PROBLEM STATEMENT:

1.1.1 Current issues:

 Unreliable bus schedules: Passengers struggle to anticipate bus arrival times due to
inconsistencies in schedules and delays, leading to long waiting times and missed
connections.
 Limited visibility into bus location: Lack of real-time information about bus
whereabouts hinders effective trip planning and increases uncertainty for passengers.
 Inefficient fleet management: Bus operators lack comprehensive data on bus location,
performance, and ridership, making it difficult to optimize routes, schedules, and
resource allocation.
 Negative passenger experience: The combination of these factors contributes to
passenger frustration, dissatisfaction, and reduced trust in public transportation.

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1.1.2 Consequences:
Decreased use of public transportation: People turn to alternative modes of travel,
causing increased traffic congestion and environmental impact.

Lost productivity: Passengers waste time waiting for buses, impacting their work, school,
and personal lives.

Inefficient resource allocation: Bus operators struggle to allocate resources effectively,

leading to higher operational costs and decreased service quality.

1.1.3 Proposed solution:

Develop and implement a real-time bus tracking system that addresses these challenges by:

Equipping buses with GPS tracking devices: Providing continuous data on bus location and
movement.

Developing a user-friendly app or platform: Enabling passengers to view real-time bus

location, estimated arrival times, and route information.

Providing data analytics tools: Allowing bus operators to optimize schedules, identify
issues, and improve service efficiency.

Expected benefits:
Improved passenger experience: Increased satisfaction through shorter waiting times,
better trip planning, and enhanced reliability.

Increased ridership: Attracting more passengers to public transportation by making it

more convenient and predictable.

Improved fleet management: Optimizing resource allocation, reducing operational costs,

and enhancing service quality.

Reduced traffic congestion and environmental impact: Shifting passengers towards a

more sustainable mode of transportation.

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1.2 OBJECTIVE:

 Real-Time Tracking: Implement a GPS-based tracking system to monitor the precise

location of buses in real-time.User-Friendly Interface: Develop an intuitive mobile or
web application allowing commuters to easily access bus locations and arrival
predictions.
 Data Accuracy: Ensure the reliability and accuracy of bus location data through robust
GPS technology and data validation mechanisms.Communication Channels: Establish
a communication platform for notifications, alerts, and updates to keep users informed
about delays, route changes, or other relevant information.
 Integration with Existing Systems: Seamlessly integrate the tracking system with
existing public transportation infrastructure, such as bus management databases and
scheduling systems.Accessibility Features: Implement features to cater to diverse user
needs, including accessibility options for individuals with disabilities.

1.3 BENEFITS

 Enhanced Commuter Experience: Provide commuters with the ability to plan their
journeys more efficiently, reducing waiting times and improving overall satisfaction.
 Operational Efficiency: Enable transportation authorities to monitor and optimize bus
routes based on real-time data, enhancing operational efficiency and resource
allocation.
 Environmental Impact: Encourage the use of public transportation by making it more
reliable, contributing to reduced traffic congestion and environmental benefits.
 As our cities evolve, the SmartBus Tracker project strives to create a smarter, more
connected public transportation system, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for
urban residents.

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 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 RESEARCH ON DATABASE MANAGEMENT

Databases play a crucial role in live tracking applications, providing the
infrastructure for efficiently storing, managing, and retrieving real-time location data.
These databases are designed to handle the dynamic and continuous nature of live
tracking applications, such as locating the bus in real time and getting the co-ordinates
via an GPRS Module and storing this data in a reliable and large scale database that can
store lots of data. A popular platform used by many companies that provide real time
tracking as a feature on their apps and websites namely Lyft and Trivago is Google
Firebase which is a Backend-as-a-Service (BaaS) app development platform that
provides hosted backend services such as a realtime database, cloud storage,
authentication, crash reporting, machine learning and remote configuration. The
database we are going to use is called the Realtime Database which comes with
Firebase and It will give us realtime updates to data as it changes in the database, this
will be our foundation for this entire project as we have a capable database that can be
easily managed and reliable that can handle lots of data coming in.

Firebase is known for its ease of use, real-time capabilities, and seamless integration
with other Google Cloud services. It's widely adopted by developers for building
modern applications, especially those requiring real-time updates, authentication, and
scalable cloud infrastructure. Some of the features that were implemented in other
findings as per our research were live seat occupancy that was monitored by ultrasonic
sensors and cameras placed in the bus which could help us identify the capacity of a bus
and use specific algorithms to recommend the bus to fewer people to avoid
overcrowding. Firebase also allows us to focus on the front-end part of the project more
as it handles the majority of the heavy lifting with Google’s powerful APIs and also lets

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us host the platform on the cloud so it is more accessible and has a integrated analytic
feature which could help improve the website based on feedback and usage of the users.

By leveraging these Firebase features, developers can build a robust and scalable live
tracking application that provides real-time location updates, secure authentication, and
efficient data storage and retrieval. The combination of Firebase services makes it easier
for developers to focus on building the application's unique features while relying on a
reliable and scalable backend infrastructure.

Below we have figure 2.1 where we have represented how we are going to implement
the database and how it is going to be connected to the servers. The website will be
constantly updated with real time data that is being managed by the cloud servers
pushing the data to the website.

Figure 2.1 Diagrammatic representation of Database Implementation

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Ref. Author Methodologies Used
No.
[1] Faraz Ameen Data is constantly updated to the server and
Nechikkadan, real-time data is continuously provided to the
Jijesh Modon, user on the client device.
(2021)

[2] Eddie Chi-Wah Lau A wireless AP is used for system networking.

(2008) Apache server, IVR and two base stations are
connected together thru CAT5 Lan cable while
the wireless configuration is for the smart phone
testing.
[3] Khalifa Salim, The GPS data are sent using Get method of
Ibrahim M. Idrees HTTP protocol, the data at server side are stored
(2013) in a database tables and can be retrieved as
request for position browsing on map.
[4] Junaid Ali, The monitoring software is developed for a user
Shahid Nasim friendly GUI with visual indication of location
(2009) on Google Earth and easy to understand
controls. Continuous or intermittent updating of
location is possible as demanded by the
situation and status of the monitored vehicle.
[5] Tomas Gerlich, With the help of built-in sensors, such as
James Biagioni GPS, WiFi, and accelerometer, the
(2011) application automatically detects when the
user is riding in a transit vehicle. On these
occasions, it sends periodic, anonymized,
location updates to a central tracking server.
[6] Md Marufi Rahman, In this work, real time Google map and
J. R. Mou, Arduino based vehicle tracking system is
implemented with Global Positioning System

6
 (2016) (GPS) and Global system for mobile
communication (GSM) technology. GPS
module provides geographic coordinates at
regular time intervals. Then the GSM module
transmits the location of vehicle to cell phone
of owner/user in terms of latitude and
longitude.
[7] M. A Hafiizh Nur, In this paper, an integrated online system is
Sugondo Hadiyoso, designed to provide information, including
(2020) bus arrival time, bus position, and the number
of passengers on the bus. This information
system is a website application that is
connected to the Firebase real-time database
so that all data can be accessed in real-time
and then displayed at the bus stop.
[8] Sachini Karunathilake GPS tracker on the bus is used to locate the
(2023) bus its coordinates and the speed of the bus are
pushed on to the server to calculate an accurate
arrival time to a user desired destination.
Moreover, the server uses the received
information on buses location and speed to
identify the moving patterns.

7
[9] Kapil Mundada, The system uses GPS and GSM technologies to
Sumedh Patti, track the location and estimated arrival time of
Tejas Rajguru, buses and transmit this information to
(2023) commuters’ mobile devices. This technology
addresses the common problem of long waiting
times at bus stops and the uncertainty of bus
arrival times.

[10] Muhammad Wasim In this paper the design and implementation of

Raad, a comprehensive low-cost system based on IoT
Mohamed Deriche, that allows schools, parents, and authorities to
Tarek Sheltami track the movement of children while in school
(2021) buses or being transported in private vehicles in
real time.
[11] Dr. S. Nirmala, The raspberry pi 3 b+ kit implemented into the
Dr. R. Mekala, bus along with GPS receiver. This GPS
Ms. Apurva. P innovation helps in following the constant data
(2023) of the transport like current area and
route between the stops. With the transport
motor turns over, the gadget begins working and
constantly refreshes the area of the transport. It
sends area facilitates as longitude and scope
esteems to the worker.
[12] U. K.Fernando The GPS sensors widely use in vehicle tracking
Ruwani, systems followed by the RFID technology.Wi-
M. Samarakkody Fi network are the most popular network while
(2010) GSM/GPRS TCP/UDP protocols are the best
transport layer protocol. Mostly used storage
method was observed as the cloud for the smart
vehicle tracking systems, and Kalman filter was

8
 the most popular algorithm in vehicular tracking
systems.
[13] Shusuke Kawai, A 480Mb/s wireless real-time bus trace system
Takayuki Ikari
with a pulse-based inductive coupling channel
(2009)
array was developed using a 0.25μm CMOS
digital process. The size and pitch of the
inductor array are determined by numerical
calculation to optimize the trade off between the
channel coupling and alignment tolerance.
[14] S. S. Naik, Tracking of school bus is done by GPS (Global
T. G. Harshitha, Positioning System) technology. The system
H. D. Spoorthy, alerts parents by notifying them. This is
(2020) achieved through GSM (Global System for
Mobile applications). RFID (Radio Frequency
Identification) identifies unique id given to each
individual.Also an algorithm is implemented to
calculate the arrival time of the bus in addition
to tracking.
[15] Zuhanis Mansor, the Malaysia Public Bus Monitoring Real-Time
Fatin Shahmira Binti System via GPS and GSM is implemented to
Zulfa’is Shah, help the bus user to track the current location of
(2020) the bus in the form of latitude and longitude
coordinates by using GPS technology. This
technology of Global Positioning System and
Global System for Mobile communication is
used where the GPS module will track on the
current position of a particular bus by receiving
signal from at least three GPS satellites.

9
[16] Mr. Pradip Suresh The standard desktop web interface is
Mane, designed to loosely mimic the interface of the
Dr. Vaishali D. main Google Maps website that many users
Khairnar are already familiar with. Specifically, the
(2014) primary view is a Google map view,with a
search field at the top and a search results
panel on the left. Users can browse the map
directly to see transit stops at a particular
location, Additionally, users can search by
route to display the map of that route and
stops along the route.

[17] J. Navya Sree, Driver Module is tailored for bus drivers,

T. Mamatha who, after providing their unique login
(2021) credentials, gain access to the module.
Student Module is dedicated to students.
Users within this module initiate the student
login, granting them access to comprehensive
information. Through their smartphones,
students can view details about all buses.
This includes tracking the real-time location
of their respective buses from any location.
The admin module is specifically crafted for
bus administrators tasked with updating
system information. Admins undergo
authentication and authorization processes to
log in.

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[18] C K Gomathy A Real-Time College Bus Tracking
(2021) Application which runson Android smart
phones. This enables students to find out the
location of the bus so that they won’t get late
or won’t arrive at the stop too early. The
main purpose of this application is to provide
exact location of the student’s respective
buses in Google Maps besides providing
information like bus details, driver details,
stops, contact number, routes, etc.

[19] Ankur Ganorkar An application at the parent side will allow

(2020) parents to send a location request to a child
side then retrieve the location from the
request reply and shows it on a map.

[20] Aman Mishra, In this paper they have discussed which will
Advin Manhar, be the feasible app and convenient for all of
(2020) us to track a cell no. via app.

[21] S. Shibghatullah An application is proposed in this paper and

T. Abdurrahman Jalil it uses Global Positioning System (GPS) on
Android smartphone to determine the
location of a vehicle and the coordinates is
stored in Firebase Real-time Database

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[22] Mohamad Khairul, the goal of this research is to develop a bus
Hafizi Rahimi, tracking and monitoring system for the UiTM-
(2022) SAC. Arduino node micro controller unit and
global positioning system (GPS) sensors were
used to send and receive GPS location
information.
[23] Keith A. Redmill, Paper on operationalize this traffic surveillance
Ekim Yurtsever, methodology for practical applications,
(2023) leveraging the perception and localization
sensors already deployed on these vehicles.
[24] Nivesh Wanninayaka A passenger can track a preferred bus and
(2023) reserve seats by choosing destinations.
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based camera
technology is used to count passengers.
[25] Sharmin Akter, In this paper, a cloud-based bus tracking
Thouhedul Islam, system based on IoT is proposed to reduce
(2019) human intervention, waiting time andenergy.

[26] Süleyman Eken In this paper, we proposed smart bus tracking

(2014) system that any passenger with a smart phone
or mobile device with the QR (Quick
Response) code reader can scan QR codes
placed at bus stops to view estimated bus
arrival times, buses' current locations, and bus
routes on a map.

Table 2.4 Hardware Implementation

The table 2.4 above briefs the prior work done on Hardware
Implementation of the Bus Tracking System.

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 CHAPTER-3
FEASIBILITY STUDY

This paper proposes a two-stage bus tracking system that addresses the
limitations of existing solutions and introduces novel features to improve the
overall commuting experience.

3.1 Web Development

Stage 1: Comprehensive Website with Route and Bus Stop Data

The first stage of the system involves developing a comprehensive website that
serves as a central repository of information for bus routes and stops. This
website will provide users with the following functionalities:

1.Route Map Visualization: Interactive maps will display the complete

network of bus routes, allowing users to easily identify their desired route and
plan their journey accordingly.
2.Bus Stop Information: Detailed information about each bus stop,
including its location, accessibility features, and scheduled arrival times for
different routes, will be readily available on the website.
3. Real-Time Route Updates: The website will display real-time
information about bus locations and any unexpected delays or disruptions,
enabling users to make informed decisions about their commute.

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3.2 App Development
Stage 2: Mobile App and Hardware for Live Tracking
and AI-Powered Seat Availability

The second stage of the system focuses on enhancing the user experience
through a mobile application and hardware integration. The mobile app will
offer the following features:

Live Bus Tracking: Users can track the real-time location of their desired
bus on an interactive map, allowing them to estimate arrival times and plan
their journey accordingly.

Real-Time Seat Availability: Utilizing AI algorithms and sensor data, the

app will provide real-time information about seat availability on each bus,
enabling users to choose the most convenient bus for their travel.

Push Notifications: The app will send push notifications to users regarding
bus delays, cancellations, or route changes, ensuring they stay informed and
can adjust their plans accordingly.

3.3 Hardware Integration

GPS Tracking Devices: Each bus will be equipped with GPS

tracking devices that continuously transmit their location data to the
central server.

Seat Sensors: Sensors will be installed on each seat to detect

occupancy, providing real-time data about available seats.

Data Communication Network: A reliable data communication

network will ensure seamless transmission of location and seat
occupancy data between the buses and the central server.

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 CHAPTER-4

PROJECT METHODOLOGY

Fig
No:
4.1
–

Flowchart of the sequence of events

DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKING FLOW OF PROPOSAL

SYSTEM:

1. Problem Initiation:

Project Scope Definition: Clearly define the scope, objectives, and

features of the Bus Tracking System, specifying what the platform
should include.
Team Formation: Assemble a cross-functional team comprising of
developers, designers, project managers, and electronic engineers.
2. Requirements Gathering:

Market Research: Conduct market research to understand user

preferences, streaming trends, and competitor offerings.
User Stories: Create user stories and use cases to capture detailed functional
and non- functional requirements.

15
3. Architecture and Technology Selection:

Firebase choice: Confirm the selection of Firebase and its APIs as the
Technology stack for the project.
Database Design: Develop a database schema to store user data,
content metadata, and streaming-related information.
4. Development Phases;

Front-end Development: Design and implement the user

interface(UI) components using React for a responsive and
engaging user experience.
Back-end Development: Develop server-side logic using Node.js
and Express.js, including user authentication, content management,
and payment processsing.
5. Testing and Quality Assurance:

Unit Testing: Perform unit testing to validate individual components

and functions.

Integration Testing: Verify the integration of front-end and back-end

components for seamless operation.
User Tesing: Conduct usability testing with real users to gather
feedback and make necessary improvements.
6. Deployment and Scaling:

Server Setup: Configure servers and deploy the application, ensuring

scalability to handle increasing user traffic.
Load Testing: Perform load testing to assess the system’s ability to
handle concurrent users and high traffic loads.

7. Security and Compliance:

Data Protection: Implement robust security measure to protect user

16
 data and sensitive information.

Compliance: Ensure compliance with data privacy regulations and

content licensing agreements.
8. User Training and Documentation:
Creating user documentation and provide training materials to onboard
administrators and content managers.
9. Ongoing Maintenance and Updates:

Establish a maintenance plan for regular updates, bug fixes and security
patches.
Continuously monitor the platform’s performance and user feedback to
drive improvements.
10. Project Evaluation:
Assess the project’s success based on predefined KPIs, such as user
adoption rates and revenue generation.
Identify areas for improvement and plan for future enhancements and
feature addition.

CHAPTER-5
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
17
 In our project to create a Bus Tracking System using Firebase and IoT
(Internet of Things), we successfully developed a web application that tracks
the live location of a bus gives live feed to a cloud database which is
intrepreted by a backend system and sent to the website. This section of the
report discusses the results we achieved and the key points of discussion.

Results:
1. User Authentication: User authentication is a critical component of
our Bus Tracking System. It enables users to create accounts, log in, and
maintain their private information like location history, live location and
personal information securely. We employed JWT (JSON Web Tokens) for
token-based authentication. This approach enhances security and reduces the
need for continuous database queries to check user credentials.

Fig No: 5.1 – Sign-Up Page

2. Home Page: The home page of our website is where the user enters the
city or the location or the pincode he is currently in and it displays all the
buses that are currently coming to the bus stop and the buses that operate

18
 through that station. This uses HTML,CSS and JavaScript for the creation of
this webpage.

Fig No: 5.2 – Home Page 1

Fig
No: 5.3 – Home Page 2
3. About Page: The About page of a website is a critical component that
provides visitors with essential information about the purpose, mission, and
identity of the website or the organization it represents. Here it gives indepth

19
on how our services work and the design implentation of the wesite. It also
gives information on the technologies used.

Fig No: 5.4 – About Page Insight into the Service

Fig

No: 5.5 – About Page How the system is integrate

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION

20
A Bus Tracking System if implemented could be really helpful for the
people that are largely dependent on public transport and the surveys that
we had taken also indicated positive response for the idea. A Bus
Tracking System that has all the necessary features such as Live
Tracking, Seat Occupancy, Bus Routes and the number of buses
operating a specific route could prove useful to the people living in urban
areas. The idea is implement it small scale over multiple cities that have a
thriving public transport system. This research investigated the future
scope of the existing systems and used them to understand what features,
adaptations, and abilities should be applied to the development. This
paper presents survey work of research papers on Database Management,
Communication Systems , Software and Front end Implementation, and
Hardware Implementation.

Future work can be done on including better communication from the

feeder services and upgrading the hardware to suit the harsh condition
and better transfer data rate and the use of Cloud Services such as AWS,
Salesforce and Oracle for their superior data integration and features to
get analytical data. Building of an User friendly application on both
Android and IOS platforms would get better reach. Another thing to focus
on in development of this project would be to integrate this system in
large scale across various cities that would help better inter-connectivity
across buses although this would be a difficult task to undertake as it
requires a lot of funding as well as the technology for this solution to be
feasible would require better uninterrupted internet access.

CHAPTER 7
REFERENCES
21
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[2] Eddie Chi-Wah Lau, ‘‘Simple Bus Tracking System’’, Journal of
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