DAY - 01

Problems

Problem 1: Conditional Statements (if-else)

You run a movie theater, and you want to offer discounts based on a person's age. Write a
JavaScript program that asks the user for their age and then displays a message:
- If the age is less than 18, display "You get a 20% discount!"
- If the age is between 18 and 65 (inclusive), display "Normal ticket price applies."
- If the age is 65 or older, display "You get a 30% senior discount!"

Problem 2: Variables (var and const)

Create a JavaScript program to calculate the area of a rectangle. Ask the user for the length
and width of the rectangle and store them in variables. Calculate and display the area using
the formula: `area = length * width`.

Problem 3: Objects and Properties

You're creating an online store. Define a JavaScript object named "product" with the following
properties:
- name (string)
- price (number)
- inStock (boolean)

Create at least three products using your object template and display their details using
console.log.

Problem 4: Arrays

You're organizing a party and want to keep track of the guest list. Create an array called
"guestList" and add the names of at least five guests. Then, write a program that checks if a
given name is on the guest list. If the name is found, display "Welcome to the party, [name]!";
otherwise, display "Sorry, you're not on the guest list."
Problem 5: JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)

You're working on a weather app. Create a JSON object representing the weather forecast for
a specific day. Include properties like "date," "temperature," "conditions," and "humidity."
Display the information using console.log.

Remember to encourage your students to experiment and think creatively while solving these
problems. They can use the concepts you've taught them to come up with their own solutions.
This will not only help solidify their understanding but also foster their problem-solving skills in
JavaScript.

Solution

Problem 1: Conditional Statements (if-else)

const age = prompt("Please enter your age:");

if (age < 18) {
console.log("You get a 20% discount!");
} else if (age >= 18 && age <= 65) {
console.log("Normal ticket price applies.");
} else {
console.log("You get a 30% senior discount!");
}

Problem 2: Variables (var and const)

const length = parseFloat(prompt("Enter the length of the rectangle:"));

const width = parseFloat(prompt("Enter the width of the rectangle:"));
const area = length * width;
console.log("The area of the rectangle is:", area);
Problem 3: Objects and Properties

const product1 = {
name: "Smartphone",
price: 399.99,
inStock: true
};

const product2 = {
name: "Laptop",
price: 999.99,
inStock: false
};

const product3 = {
name: "Headphones",
price: 49.99,
inStock: true
};

console.log(product1);
console.log(product2);
console.log(product3);

Problem 4: Arrays

const guestList = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "David", "Eve"];

const nameToCheck = prompt("Enter your name:");

if (guestList.includes(nameToCheck)) {
console.log(`Welcome to the party, ${nameToCheck}!`);
} else {
console.log("Sorry, you're not on the guest list.");
}
Problem 5: JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)

const weatherForecast = {
date: "2023-08-06",
temperature: 28,
conditions: "Sunny",
humidity: 60
};

console.log("Weather Forecast for", weatherForecast.date);

console.log("Temperature:", weatherForecast.temperature + "°C");
console.log("Conditions:", weatherForecast.conditions);
console.log("Humidity:", weatherForecast.humidity + "%");

DAY - 02

Problems

Problem 1: NPM and Package.json

You're starting a new project and want to manage your project's dependencies using NPM.
Explain the purpose of NPM and how it helps in managing packages. Create a simple
package.json file for your project, specifying the name, version, and a few dependencies of
your choice.

Problem 2: Writing Functions

Write a JavaScript function named calculateCircleArea that takes the radius of a circle
as a parameter and returns the area of the circle. You can use the formula area = π *
radius^2. Test the function with a few different radii.

Problem 3: Callback Functions

Create a function named performOperation that takes two numbers and a callback
function as parameters. The callback function should determine the operation to be performed
(addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division) on the two numbers. Call the
performOperation function with different numbers and callback functions for each
mathematical operation.

Problem 4: Using the 'fs' Module

Write a Node.js program that uses the fs module to read the contents of a text file named
"notes.txt" and display them in the console.

Problem 5: Using 'os' Module

Create a Node.js program that uses the os module to display the following system
information:

● Total memory available (in bytes)

● Free memory available (in bytes)
● Operating system platform
● Number of CPU cores

Problem 6: 'lodash' Usage

Use the lodash library to solve the following problem: Given an array of numbers, write a
function that returns the sum of all even numbers in the array. Use the _.sumBy function from
lodash to achieve this.

Solution
Problem 1: NPM and Package.json

NPM (Node Package Manager) is a tool that helps you manage libraries and packages in your Node.js
projects. It allows you to easily install, update, and remove packages that you need for your project.

To create a package.json file for your project, you can use the following example:

{
"name": "my-project",
"version": "1.0.0",
"dependencies": {
"lodash": "^4.17.21"
 }
}

Problem 2: Writing Functions

function calculateCircleArea(radius) {
return Math.PI * radius ** 2;
}

console.log(calculateCircleArea(5)); // Output: 78.53981633974483

console.log(calculateCircleArea(10)); // Output: 314.1592653589793

Problem 3: Callback Functions

function performOperation(num1, num2, operationCallback) {

return operationCallback(num1, num2);
}

function add(x, y) {
return x + y;
}

function subtract(x, y) {
return x - y;
}

function multiply(x, y) {
return x * y;
}

function divide(x, y) {
return x / y;
}

console.log(performOperation(10, 5, add)); // Output: 15

console.log(performOperation(10, 5, subtract)); // Output: 5
console.log(performOperation(10, 5, multiply)); // Output: 50
console.log(performOperation(10, 5, divide)); // Output: 2

Problem 4: Using 'fs' Module

const fs = require('fs');
fs.readFile('notes.txt', 'utf8', (err, data) => {
if (err) {
console.error("Error reading file:", err);
return;
}
console.log(data);
});

Problem 5: Using 'os' Module

const os = require('os');

console.log("Total Memory:", os.totalmem());

console.log("Free Memory:", os.freemem());
console.log("Platform:", os.platform());
console.log("Number of CPU Cores:", os.cpus().length);

Problem 6: 'lodash' Usage

const _ = require('lodash');

function sumOfEvenNumbers(numbers) {
const evenNumbers = _.filter(numbers, num => num % 2 === 0);
return _.sumBy(evenNumbers);
}

const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];

console.log(sumOfEvenNumbers(numbers)); // Output: 30 (2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10)

DAY - 03

Problems
Problem 1: Understanding Servers and Express.js

Explain in your own words what a server is in the context of Node.js. Then, write step-by-step instructions on
how to create a basic server using Express.js.

Problem 2: JSON Manipulation

a) Define JSON and explain its importance in web development.

b) Given a JSON data string: {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "hobbies": ["reading",
"painting"]}, explain how you would extract the value of the "age" key.

c) How would you convert the following object into a JSON data string? {"title": "Book", "pages":
200}

Problem 3: API and Endpoints

a) Define what an API is and its role in software development.

b) Explain what an endpoint is in the context of web APIs.

c) Provide an example of an endpoint you might find in a social media application.

Problem 4: Creating a Route with Express.js

a) Explain what the HTTP GET method is used for in the context of web development.

b) Write the code to create a simple Express.js route that responds with "Hello, World!" when a user visits the
root URL ("/").

Problem 5: JSON Parsing and Object Conversion

a) Given a JSON data string: {"product": "Laptop", "price": 999.99}, explain how you would
parse it into a JavaScript object.

b) You have an object: { "name": "Bob", "age": 30 }. How would you convert it into a JSON data
string?

Problem 6: Building a Basic API

Imagine you're building an API for a weather app. Your API needs an endpoint to retrieve the current weather.
Create an Express.js route that responds with a JSON object containing the current temperature, conditions,
and city.
Solution

Problem 1: Understanding Servers and Express.js

● A server in Node.js is a computer program that receives and responds to requests from clients (like
web browsers or mobile apps) over a network. It processes requests and sends back appropriate
responses.
● To create a basic server using Express.js:

const express = require('express');

const app = express();

app.get('/', (req, res) => {

res.send('Hello from Express server!');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('Server is running on port 3000');
});

Problem 2: JSON Manipulation

a) JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data interchange format used to exchange data between
a server and a client. It's easy for humans to read and write, and it's easy for machines to parse and generate.

b) To extract the value of the "age" key from the JSON data:

const age = jsonObject.age;

c) To convert an object into a JSON data string:

const jsonString = JSON.stringify({"title": "Book", "pages": 200});

Problem 3: API and Endpoints

a) An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and protocols that allows different software
components to communicate and interact with each other. It defines how requests and responses should be
structured.
b) An endpoint is a specific URL (Uniform Resource Locator) that represents a particular function or service
provided by an API. It's the specific location where clients can make requests to access certain data or perform
actions.

c) Example of an endpoint in a social media app: /users/{username} to retrieve user information based on
their username.

Problem 4: Creating a Route with Express.js

a) The HTTP GET method is used to request data from a server. It's often used to retrieve information or
resources from a specified URL.

b) Code to create a simple Express.js route:

app.get('/', (req, res) => {

res.send('Hello, World!');
});

Problem 5: JSON Parsing and Object Conversion

a) To parse a JSON data string into a JavaScript object:

const jsonData = '{"product": "Laptop", "price": 999.99}';

const parsedObject = JSON.parse(jsonData);
console.log(parsedObject.product); // Output: Laptop

b) To convert an object into a JSON data string:

const objectToConvert = { "name": "Bob", "age": 30 };

const jsonString = JSON.stringify(objectToConvert);
console.log(jsonString); // Output: {"name":"Bob","age":30}

Problem 6: Building a Basic API

const express = require('express');

 const app = express();

app.get('/weather', (req, res) => {

const weatherData = {
temperature: 25,
conditions: 'Sunny',
city: 'Los Angeles'
};
res.json(weatherData);
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('Server is running on port 3000');
});

DAY - 04

Problems
Question 1: Difference Between MongoDB Server & Node.js Server

Explain the difference between a MongoDB server and a Node.js server in terms of their roles and
functionalities. Provide examples of situations where you would use each server type.

Question 2: MongoDB Queries

a) Write a MongoDB query to create a new document in a collection named "students" with fields "name,"
"age," and "grade."

b) Write a MongoDB query to update the "age" field of a document in the "employees" collection with the name
"John" to 30.

c) Write a MongoDB query to delete a document from the "products" collection with the name "Product A."

d) Write a MongoDB query to retrieve all documents from the "orders" collection where the total amount is
greater than $100.

Question 3: SQL vs. MongoDB

Explain the main differences between SQL databases and MongoDB in terms of data structure, querying
language, and use cases. Provide examples of scenarios where you might choose one over the other.
Question 4: Query Comparison

Compare and contrast the following MongoDB and SQL queries for retrieving data:

a) MongoDB: db.products.find({ category: "Electronics" })

SQL: SELECT * FROM products WHERE category = "Electronics"

b) MongoDB: db.users.findOne({ username: "Alice" })

SQL: SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = "Alice"

c) MongoDB: db.orders.aggregate([{ $group: { _id: "$status", total: { $sum:

"$amount" } } }])

SQL: SELECT status, SUM(amount) as total FROM orders GROUP BY status

Solution

Question 1: Difference Between MongoDB Server & Node.js Server

Answer: The MongoDB server is responsible for storing and managing data in the MongoDB database. It
handles data storage, retrieval, and manipulation operations. On the other hand, a Node.js server is a runtime
environment that executes JavaScript code. It handles incoming requests from clients, processes them, and
can interact with databases like MongoDB to retrieve or update data. You would use a MongoDB server to
store and manage data, while a Node.js server is used to handle application logic and serve client requests.

Question 2: MongoDB Queries

a) Answer:

db.students.insertOne({ name: "John", age: 20, grade: "A" });

b) Answer:

db.employees.updateOne({ name: "John" }, { $set: { age: 30 } });

c) Answer:

db.products.deleteOne({ name: "Product A" });

d) Answer:
 db.orders.find({ totalAmount: { $gt: 100 } });

Question 3: SQL vs. MongoDB

Answer: SQL databases use structured tables with rows and columns to store data, while MongoDB uses
flexible and dynamic documents in collections. SQL databases use SQL as a querying language, while
MongoDB uses a JavaScript-like syntax for queries. SQL databases are suitable for applications with well-
defined and structured data, such as financial systems. MongoDB is better for projects with changing or
unstructured data, like content management systems or real-time analytics.

Question 4: Query Comparison

a) Answer: Both queries retrieve products with the category "Electronics."

b) Answer: Both queries retrieve a user named "Alice."

c) Answer: Both queries calculate the total amount of orders grouped by status.

DAY - 05

Problems

Question 1: Create a POST Method API

Create a POST method API to store data or menu items as per the schema we discussed ( /menu )

Question 2: Create a GET Method API

Create a GET method API to List down the All Menu Items as per the schema we discussed ( /menu )

Question 3: Creating a POST API with Express and Mongoose

You're building a simple task management application. Your task is to create a POST API endpoint for adding
new tasks to the database. Assume you've already set up an Express application and connected it to your
MongoDB using Mongoose.
a) Design the Mongoose schema for a "Task" with fields for "title," "description," "priority," and "dueDate."

b) Create a POST API endpoint /api/tasks that allow clients to submit new tasks to the database. Ensure it
handles request validation and responds with the newly created task.

Question 4: Creating a GET API with Express and Mongoose

Continuing with the task management application, you need to create a GET API endpoint for retrieving a list of
tasks from the database.

Create a GET API endpoint /api/tasks that retrieve a list of all tasks from the database. Ensure it handles
errors and responds with the list of tasks in JSON format.

Solution

Answer 1: POST method API to store data or menu items as per the schema we discussed on /menu

app.post('/menu', async (req, res) => {

try {
const menuItemData = req.body; // Assuming the request
body contains menu item data

// Create a new menu item using the Mongoose model

const menuItem = new MenuItem(menuItemData);

// Save the new menu item to the database

const menu_data = await menuItem.save();

console.log('Menu item saved');

res.status(201).json(menu_data);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Error creating menu item:', error);
res.status(500).json({ error: 'Internal server error' });
}
});
Answer 2: GET method API to List down the All Menu Items as per the schema we discussed on /menu

app.get('/menu', async (req, res) => {

try {
// Use the Mongoose model to find all menu items in the
database
const menuItems = await MenuItem.find();

// Send the list of menu items as a JSON response

res.json(menuItems);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Error fetching menu items:', error);
res.status(500).json({ error: 'Internal server error' });
}
});

Answer 3: Creating a POST API with Express and Mongoose

a) Design the Mongoose schema for a "Task" with fields for "title," "description," "priority," and "dueDate."

const mongoose = require('mongoose');

const taskSchema = new mongoose.Schema({

title: {
type: String,
required: true,
trim: true,
},
description: {
type: String,
required: true,
},
priority: {
type: String,
enum: ['High', 'Medium', 'Low'],
default: 'Medium',
},
dueDate: {
type: Date,
required: true,
 },
});

const Task = mongoose.model('Task', taskSchema);

module.exports = Task;

b) Create a POST API endpoint /api/tasks that allow clients to submit new tasks to the database. Ensure it
handles request validation and responds to the newly created task.

// POST /api/tasks - Create a new task

app.post('/api/tasks', async (req, res) => {
try {
const task = new Task(req.body);
await task.save();
res.status(201).send(task);
} catch (error) {
res.status(400).send(error);
}
});

Answer 4: Creating a GET API with Express and Mongoose

a) Create a GET API endpoint /api/tasks that retrieve a list of all tasks from the database

app.get('/api/tasks', async (req, res) => {

try {
const tasks = await Task.find();
res.status(200).send(tasks);
} catch (error) {
res.status(500).send(error);
}
});
DAY - 06

Problems

Question 1: Create a parameterized GET Method API for the Menu Item on the Basis of
taste Type via using Express Router

( /menu/:taste )

Question 2: Create a PUT Method API to update the MenuItem Records ( menu/:id )

Question 3: Create a DELETE Method API to delete the MenuItem Records ( menu/:id )

Solution

Answer 1: parameterized GET Method API

router.get('/:taste', async (req, res) =>{

try{
const tasteType = req.params.taste; // // Extract the taste type
from the URL parameter
if(tasteType == 'sweet' || tasteType == 'sour' || tasteType ==
'spicy' ){
const response = await MenuItem.find({taste: tasteType});
console.log('response fetched');
res.status(200).json(response);
}else{
res.status(404).json({error: 'Invalid Taste type'});
}
}catch(err){
console.log(err);
 res.status(500).json({error: 'Internal Server Error'});
}
})

Answer 2: Update Menu Item Method API

router.put('/:id', async (req, res)=>{

try{
const menuId = req.params.id; // Extract the id of Menu Item from the
URL parameter
const updatedMenuData = req.body; // Updated data for the Menu Item

const response = await MenuItem.findByIdAndUpdate(menuId,

updatedMenuData, {
new: true, // Return the updated document
runValidators: true, // Run Mongoose validation
})

if (!response) {
return res.status(404).json({ error: 'Menu Item not found' });
}

console.log('data updated');
res.status(200).json(response);
}catch(err){
console.log(err);
res.status(500).json({error: 'Internal Server Error'});
}
})

Answer 3: Delete Menu Item Method API

router.delete('/:id', async (req, res) => {

try{
const menuId = req.params.id; // Extract the Menu's ID from the URL
parameter
// Assuming you have a MenuItem model
 const response = await MenuItem.findByIdAndRemove(menuId);
if (!response) {
return res.status(404).json({ error: 'Menu Item not found' });
}
console.log('data delete');
res.status(200).json({message: 'Menu Deleted Successfully'});
}catch(err){
console.log(err);
res.status(500).json({error: 'Internal Server Error'});
}
})